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Urban Flood Management in Surabaya City: Anticipating Changes in the Brantas River System

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Urban Flood Management in Surabaya City: Anticipating Changes in the Brantas River System Urban Flood Management In Surabaya City: Anticipating Changes in the Brantas River System Cahyono Susetyo March, 2008 Urban Flood Management in Surabaya City: Anticipating Changes in the Brantas River System by Cahyono Susetyo Thesis submitted to the International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, Specialisation: Urban Planning and Management Supervisors Ir. M.J.G. Brussel (First Supervisor) Dr. D. Alkema (Second Supervisor) Thesis Assessment Board Dr. A. Sharifi (Chair) Prof.Dr. A. van der Veen (External Examiner) Ir. M.J.G. Brussel (First Supervisor) Dr. D. Alkema (Second Supervisor) INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR GEO-INFORMATION SCIENCE AND EARTH OBSERVATION ENSCHEDE, THE NETHERLANDS Disclaimer This document describes work undertaken as part of a programme of study at the International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation. All views and opinions expressed therein remain the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the institute. Abstract Concentration of people, activities, and transportations, made hazard management in urban areas became a very complex system. Hazard threats in urban areas may vary, depending on its internal or external characteristics. A city may face earthquake hazard, while other city facing flood hazard, and some city even facing two or more hazard threats at the same time. These presences of hazard threats can be induced by natural causes, man-made causes, or even combination of both causes. External changes around the city can also created new hazard problems, which some times totally unpredicted before. An example of a city that facing a new flood hazard is Surabaya City, which located in the Delta Brantas Region. In this region, Brantas River, the longest river in East Java Province, was divided into two rivers; Surabaya River, the main river in Surabaya City, and Porong River, a man-made diversion channel that built to protect Surabaya from flooding. In present condition, most of Brantas River water was safely discharged to the sea through Porong River, and only 2% of Brantas River discharge entering Surabaya City through Surabaya River. This established river flow configuration is threatened by the presence of the Mud Flood disaster in Sidoarjo, a nearby municipality from Surabaya, which can reduce the capacity of Porong River. As the result, larger proportion of Brantas River discharge can entering Surabaya City, and threatened to cause new flood problems in Surabaya. This study was carried out to analyze the possible impact of changes in Brantas River System to flood problems in Surabaya City using 1D2D flood modelling in SOBEK software, which was developed by Delft Hydraulics. Different flood scenarios were developed by adjusting the flood modelling parameters, and then, Flood Hazard Analysis and Flood Risk Analysis were performed to determine the extent of flood problems caused by changes in Delta Brantas region. The result of the flood modelling show that Surabaya City facing an increasing flood hazard due to changes in Brantas River System. Flood mitigation measures scenarios then developed, which consists of two groups; Structural Measures and Non-Structural Measures. Structural measures were developed using two methods, which are Regulatory Structures adjustment and Channel Improvement. Each measure then simulated to assess their impact on flood hazard reduction. The results show that regulatory structures adjustment is only effective if discharge of Surabaya River is not exceeding 20% of Brantas River Discharge. The model shows that another structural mitigation measure, the channel and flow improvement, can give a greater impact on flood hazard reduction. Non-Structural mitigation measures also developed by catchment area improvement and development control. Although these two measures were not simulated using 1D2D flood modelling, they also can provide a significant impact on flood hazard reduction and play an important role on Urban Flood Management in Surabaya City. Keywords : 1D2D flood modelling, Flood Hazard, Flood Risk, Structural Measures, Non-Structural Measures. i ii Acknowledgements Alhamdulillah , praise to ALLAH , the most gracious, the most merciful, I can finish my thesis and my 18 month of study in ITC on time. I would like to acknowledge my wife, Ony Devita Shintyasari for her enormous support she gave to me during the completion of my study in Enschede. I would like to dedicate this thesis to my son, Arkaan Javier , for being an amazing child. I also would like to thanks to my family, both in Bandung and Lawang, for their total support. I want to give a special gratitude for my supervisors, Ir. M.J.G. Brussel and Dr. D. Alkema for their supports and knowledge they gave to me during the completion of my thesis. Indeed, their experiences are very valuable, and having discussions with them are a great pleasure for me. I am sure that the knowledge they share with me are going to be very useful for my future development. Their patience when facing unexperienced person such my self also an important quality that all lecturers should have. I also want to give my appreciation to ITC-UPM staffs who have gave me a lot of new things to learn, and having the opportunity to study at ITC is one of the greatest achievement I have in my life. Special thanks to UPM’s Program Director, Mr. Emile Dopheide, who made every administrative issue during my study is very easy to be solved. Another person who gave me a great contribution is Mr. Amien Widodo, head of Unit of Disaster Study at 10 th Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya, for his support during my fieldwork. Finally, special gratitude for my UPM friends, who have been a really great friends, and surely they made my study at ITC was very colourful. Also for my Indonesian friends, who came together with me to Encshede, and hopefully we can go back home and give a huge contribution to the development of our nation. Cahyono Susetyo Enschede, March 2008 iii Table of contents 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Research Background ............................................................................................................ 1 1.2. Background and Justification................................................................................................. 1 1.3. Research Problem .................................................................................................................. 2 1.4. Research Objective ................................................................................................................ 3 1.5. Research Objective ................................................................................................................ 4 1.6. Research Methodology .......................................................................................................... 4 1.7. Research Layout..................................................................................................................... 7 2. Study Area....................................................................................................................................... 1 2.1. Overview................................................................................................................................ 1 2.1.1. Topography........................................................................................................................ 2 2.1.2. Land use............................................................................................................................. 2 2.2. Climate and Weather.............................................................................................................. 3 2.3. Brantas River Basin ............................................................................................................... 4 2.4. Flood Problems ...................................................................................................................... 6 2.4.1. Past Flood Events .............................................................................................................. 6 2.4.2. River and Drainage Network............................................................................................. 8 2.5. Data Requirement Analysis ................................................................................................... 9 2.5.1. Available Data ................................................................................................................... 9 2.5.2. Required Data.................................................................................................................. 10 2.6. Data Collection .................................................................................................................... 10 A. Policies and Regulation ....................................................................................................... 11 B. Water Discharge................................................................................................................... 11 C. Discharge Capacity .............................................................................................................. 12 D. River Cross Sections...........................................................................................................
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