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Iconicity As a Pervasive Force in Language: Evidence from Ghanaian Sign
Iconicity as a pervasive force in language: Evidence from Ghanaian Sign Language and Adamorobe Sign Language By Mary Edward A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Brighton for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Humanities University of Brighton 2021 Abstract In this dissertation, I investigate various manifestations of iconicity and how these are demonstrated in the visual-spatial modality, focusing specifically on Ghanaian Sign Language (GSL) and Adamorobe Sign Language (AdaSL). The dissertation conducts three main empirical analyses comparing GSL and AdaSL. The data for the analyses were elicited from deaf participants using lexical elicitation and narrative tasks. The first study considers iconicity in GSL and AdaSL lexical items. This study additionally compares the iconic strategies used by signers to those produced in gestures by hearing non-signers in the surrounding communities. The second study investigates iconicity in the spatial domain, focusing on the iconic use of space to depict location, motion, action. The third study looks specifically at the use of, simultaneous constructions, and compares the use of different types of simultaneous constructions between the two sign languages. Finally, the dissertation offers a theoretical analysis of the data across the studies from a cognitive linguistics perspective on iconicity in language. The study on lexical iconicity compares GSL and AdaSL signers’ use of iconic strategies across five semantic categories: Handheld tools, Clothing & Accessories, Furniture & Household items, Appliances, and Nature. Findings are discussed with respect to patterns of iconicity across semantic categories, and with respect to similarities and differences between signs and gestures. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Telling, Writing And
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Telling, Writing and Reading Number Tales in ASL and English Academic Languages: Acquisition and Maintenance of Mathematical Word Problem Solving Skills A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Teaching and Learning: Bilingual Education (ASL-English) By Alexander Zernovoj Committee in charge: Tom Humphries, Chair Bobbie M. Allen Claire Ramsey 2005 Copyright Alexander Zernovoj, 2005 All rights reserved. The thesis of Alexander Zernovoj is approved: _____________________________________ Chair _____________________________________ _____________________________________ University of California, San Diego 2005 iii DEDICATION It is difficult to imagine how I would have gone this far without the support of my family, friends, professors, teachers and classmates. They have encouraged me to pursue lifelong teaching and learning. They also have inspired me, helped me, supported me, and pushed me to become a best teacher as I can be. This thesis is dedicated to them. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page ………………………………………………………… iii Dedication ……………………………………………………………… iv Table of Contents ……………………………………………………… v List of Figures …………………………………………………………... vi List of Tables …………………………………………………………... viii Abstract ………………………………………………………………… xi I. Introduction and Overview ………………………………...…………… 1 II. The Need for Bilingual Approaches to Education ……………............... 5 III. Assessment of Need …………………………………………………… 20 IV. Review of Existing Materials and Curricula …………………………… -
Prayer Cards | Joshua Project
Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Anii in Benin Dendi, Dandawa in Benin Population: 47,000 Population: 274,000 World Popl: 66,000 World Popl: 414,700 Total Countries: 2 Total Countries: 3 People Cluster: Guinean People Cluster: Songhai Main Language: Anii Main Language: Dendi Main Religion: Islam Main Religion: Islam Status: Unreached Status: Unreached Evangelicals: 1.00% Evangelicals: 0.03% Chr Adherents: 2.00% Chr Adherents: 0.07% Scripture: Unspecified Scripture: New Testament www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net Source: Kerry Olson Source: Jacques Taberlet "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Foodo in Benin Fulani, Gorgal in Benin Population: 45,000 Population: 43,000 World Popl: 46,100 World Popl: 43,000 Total Countries: 2 Total Countries: 1 People Cluster: Guinean People Cluster: Fulani / Fulbe Main Language: Foodo Main Language: Fulfulde, Western Niger Main Religion: Islam Main Religion: Islam Status: Unreached Status: Unreached Evangelicals: 0.01% Evangelicals: 0.00% Chr Adherents: 0.02% Chr Adherents: 0.00% Scripture: Portions Scripture: New Testament www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net Source: Bethany World Prayer Center Source: Bethany World Prayer Center "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Fulfulde, Borgu in Benin Gbe, Seto in Benin Population: 650,000 Population: 40,000 World Popl: 767,700 World -
Wymysorys Language
www.revitalization.al.uw.edu.pl WYMYSORYS LANGUAGE The traditional language of the Southern Polish town of Wilamowice, Wymysorys is the smallest language in the West Germanic family. At the present time, less than 45 of the town’s, Just under 3000 inhabitants, speak Wymysorys as a native language with varying proficiency, of whom, the majority are over the age of 80. If not for recent efforts to engage the town’s younger population in learning their traditional language, Wymysorys would be considered moribund, with only isolated cases of children learning the language since the conclusion of the Second World War. In 2009 the language was classified by UNESCO as “Severely Endangered” (Mosely 2009), that is the language is predominately spoken by an older generation, while successive generations have ceased to continue speaking their traditional language. Recent efforts to re-engage the present younger generation of speakers by both linguists and native speakers have met with considerable success and the position of Wymysorys appears to be improving for the first time since the conclusion of a Soviet ban of the language in 1956. The classification of Wymysorys is a contentious issue and one that has been the focus of much of the scholarly work on the language over the past century. Historically, it has been grouped alongside languages such as Modern German as an Irminonic Language. This classification is at odds with folk-history of the last Wilamowiceans, who variously claim to be descendant of Frisian, Flemish or English settlers, a claim that has yet to be investigated on the basis of the genetic origins of the phonological and morphological innovations of Wymysorys (Ritchie, 2012). -
The Case System of the Vilamovicean Adjective – from Description to Explanation
Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, Vol. 42, 2013, 37-54 doi: 10.5774/42-0-139 The case system of the Vilamovicean adjective – from description to explanation Alexander Andrason University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa Email: [email protected] Abstract The present paper offers a detailed description and analysis of the adjectival declensional patterns in the Modern Vilamovicean language. Modern Vilamovicean possesses six declensional patterns, restricted to distinct environments, that, from a morphological perspective, form a continuum ranging from a strong declension (classes 1, 2 and 3) to a weak one (class 6), through intermediate mixed paradigms (classes 4 and 5). Nowadays, only the mixed and weak classes are productive and common. If compared with Classical Vilamovicean, the adjectival declension has suffered a process of syncretism and decay, evolving towards a two-case marking: nominative vs. accusative-dative in the masculine singular and nominative- accusative vs. dative elsewhere. Thus, the adjectival morphological case marking is more effective than in the nominal system (where no case distinction is usually made), but less successful than in the pronominal system (where a three-case distinction predominates). Within a typological-grammaticalisation framework, the inflectional organisation of Vilamovicean adjectives can be defined as an advanced case system. Keywords: Germanic linguistics, endangered languages, case system, adjective, language change 1. Introduction Vilamovicean is a Germanic language that is spoken in Wilamowice, a small town located in Western Galicia in Poland. Nowadays, the vernacular is understood by circa two hundred persons, although actively employed by no more than forty native speakers. All the users of the Vilamovicean idiom, who may be viewed as fully competent and proficient, were born before the Second World War. -
Cross-Linguistic Variation in Space-Based Distance for Size Depiction in the Lexicons of Six Sign Languages
Cross-linguistic variation in space-based distance for size depiction in the lexicons of six sign languages Victoria Nyst University of Leiden This paper is a semiotic study of the distribution of a type of size depiction in lexical signs in six sign languages. Recently, a growing number of studies are focusing on the distribution of two representation techniques, i.e. the use of entity handshapes and handling handshapes for the depiction of hand-held tools (e.g. Ortega et al. 2014). Padden et al. (2013) find that there is cross- linguistic variation in the use of this pair of representation techniques. This study looks at variation in a representation technique that has not been systematically studied before, i.e. the delimitation of a stretch of space to depict the size of a referent, or space-based distance for size depiction. It considers the question whether the cross-linguistic variation in the use of this representation technique is governed by language-specific patterning as well (cf. Padden et al. 2013). This study quantifies and compares the occurrence of space-based distance for size depiction in the lexicons of six sign languages, three of Western European origin, and three of West African origin. It finds that sign languages differ significantly from each other in their frequency of use of this depiction type. This result thus corroborates that the selection and distribution of representation techniques does not solely depend on features of the depicted image, but also on language-specific patterning in the distribution of representation techniques, and it adds another dimension of iconic depiction in which sign languages may vary from each other (in addition to the entity/handling handshape distinction). -
Wilamowice W Kontekście Administracyjnym
DOI: 10.11649/a.2363 Tymoteusz Król – aktywista na rzecz rewitalizacji języka wila- Article No.: 2363 mowskiego, etnolog, badacz kultury i historii Wilamowic oraz członek Stowarzyszenia „Wilamowianie”. Doktorant w Instytucie Slawistyki PAN, gdzie przygotowuje pracę doktorską na temat pamięci Wilamowian o powojennych prześladowaniach. nr 16/2020 r. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1408-6530 e-mail: [email protected] Maciej Mętrak – slawista (bohemista) i etnolog, asystent w Instytu- cie Slawistyki PAN. W roku 2020 obronił pracę doktorską z zakresu etnolingwistyki. Badacz środkowoeuropejskich mniejszości etnicznych i językowych, od ponad pięciu lat zaangażowany w działania dokumentacyjne i rewitalizacyjne w Wilamowicach. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5285-4580 e-mail: [email protected] Andrzej Żak – student studiów drugiego stopnia w Kolegium MISH UW, gdzie przygotowuje pracę magisterską o apofonii w języku litewskim. Do jego głównych zainteresowań należą problematyka języków mniejszościowych, język wilamowski, języki bałtyckie i językoznawstwo historyczno-porównawcze. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6107-989X e-mail: [email protected] Tymoteusz Król, Maciej Mętrak, Andrzej Żak Bibliografia adnotowana publikacji dotyczących kultury Wilamowic i języka wilamowskiego z lat 2001–2020 ilamowice (wilam. Wymysoü, niem. Wilmesau), dziś trzytysięczne miasto w powiecie bielskim w województwie śląskim, od dawna wzbudzały zainteresowanie podróż- Wników i naukowców różnych narodowości i specjalności. Początkowo, od końca XIX wieku, okresy wzmożonego zainteresowania miejscową kulturą i językiem wiązały się często z ideologicznymi projektami mającymi dowieść odwiecznej polskości bądź niemieckości miasta i jego mieszkańców. W połowie ubiegłego stulecia trauma drugiej wojny światowej i później- The study was conducted at the authors’ own expense. Authors’ contribution: article idea (T. -
JCCT) Volume No
Journal of Communication and Cultural Trends (JCCT) Volume No. 1, Issue No. 1, Spring 2019 ISSN(P): 2706-9141 ISSN(E):2706-915X Journal DOI: https://doi.org/10.32350/jcct Issue DOI: https://doi.org/10.32350/jcct.11 Homepage: https://journals.umt.edu.pk/index.php/jcct/Home Journal QR Code: Article: Rapid Automatized Picture Naming as a Proficiency Assessment for Endangered Language Contexts: Results from Wilamowice Author(s): Robert Borges Online Published: Spring 2019 Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.32350/jcct.11.01 Article QR Code: Borges, R. (2019). Rapid Automatized Picture Naming as a Proficiency Assessment for Endangered Language To Cite Article: Contexts: Results from Wilamowice. Journal of Communication and Cultural Trends, 1(1), 1–25. Crossref A publication of the Institute of Communication and Cultural Studies University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan. Rapid Automatized Picture Naming as a Proficiency Assessment for Endangered Language Contexts: Results from Wilamowice Robert Borges1 Abstract This paper discusses the use of rapid automatized picture naming (RAN) in the assessment of proficiency among new speakers of endangered languages. Despite the fact that measuring proficiency among new speakers is crucial vis-à-vis the development of didactic materials and understanding language change, there are often a number of practical issues that reduce the practicality of traditional language evaluation methods. This paper investigates the potential of RAN assessments to provide a suitable indication of language proficiency by means of accuracy (ability to name pictures), speed (how quickly a verbal response is produced), and cognitive control (how well the speaker mediates cognitive load while performing the task). -
L'exemple De La Langue Des Signes De Bouakako (Lasibo)
Etude d'une langue des signes émergente de Côte d'Ivoire: l'exemple de la Langue des Signes de Bouakako (LaSiBo) Published by LOT phone: +31 30 253 6111 Trans 10 3512 JK Utrecht e-mail: [email protected] The Netherlands http://www.lotschool.nl Cover illustration: Photo prise lors d'une séance de filmage des données de productions spontanées avec un dialogue entre deux signeurs sourds de LaSiBo: A gauche: Amané Agneau A droite: Kouadjané Tékpli ISBN 978-94-6093-219-9 NUR 616 Copyright © 2016: Angoua Jean-Jacques Tano. All rights reserved Etude d'une langue des signes émergente de Côte d'Ivoire: l'exemple de la Langue des Signes de Bouakako (LaSiBo) PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof. mr. C.J.J.M. Stolker, volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op woensdag 23 november 2016 klokke 11:15 uur door Angoua Jean-Jacques Tano geboren te Hiré, Ivoorkust in 1982 Promotor: Prof. dr. M.P.G.M. Mous Co-promotores: Dr. V.A.S. Nyst Dr. A. Sangaré (UFB Cocody) Promotiecommissie: Prof. dr. A. E. Baker (Université d'Amsterdam) Prof. dr. J.E.C.V. Rooryck Dr. R. Pfau (Université d'Amsterdam) A toute la famille Tano surtout à mon père qui m'a toujours encouragé à aller jusqu'au bout A N'guessan A. Nathalie et nos enfants Tano Angoua Moayé et Tano Angoua Yannis A la mémoire de Tano Abran Christine et Amané Agneau 7 TABLE DES MATIERES Tables des matières ............................................................................. -
A Comparative Study of Yucatec Maya Sign Languages
Josefina Safar A comparative study of Yucatec Maya Sign Languages A comparative study of Yucatec Maya Sign Languages Maya Yucatec of study A comparative Josefina Safar ISBN 978-91-7911-298-1 Department of Linguistics Doctoral Thesis in Linguistics at Stockholm University, Sweden 2020 A comparative study of Yucatec Maya Sign Languages Josefina Safar Academic dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics at Stockholm University to be publicly defended on Friday 30 October 2020 at 09.00 in hörsal 11, hus F, Universitetsvägen 10 F, digitally via conference (Zoom), public link at department https://www.ling.su.se/ Abstract In my dissertation, I focus on the documentation and comparison of indigenous sign languages in Yucatán, Mexico. I conducted fieldwork in four Yucatec Maya communities with a high incidence of deafness. Because deaf people born into these villages have never had access to an established sign language, they have developed their own local sign languages to communicate with each other and their hearing relatives. Yucatec Maya Sign Languages (YMSLs) are young languages that have emerged over the past decades. The sign languages in the four communities are historically unrelated, but their shared cultural background and the influence of co-speech gestures used by hearing speakers of Yucatec Maya lead to striking similarities in their lexicon and grammar. At the same time, YMSLs display a high degree of variation related to sociolinguistic factors, such as family membership, age, education or language acquisition from deaf adults. In my dissertation, I argue that we can use the phenomenon of variation in young, micro-community sign languages as a window to find out how linguistic conventions are established and which sociolinguistic variables are relevant for shaping sign language structures. -
European Union Languages LANGUAGES of EUROPE the IBERIAN PENINSULA the Iberian Peninsula Is Formed by Portugal, Spain and Andorra
European Union languages LANGUAGES OF EUROPE THE IBERIAN PENINSULA The Iberian Peninsula is formed by Portugal, Spain and Andorra. LANGUAGES IN IBERIAN PENINSULA The official languages in these three states: Portugal: Portuguese Spain: Spanish, Basque, Catalan, Aragonese, Eonavian, Occitan, Asturian Leonese. Andorra: Spanish and Catalan Historic languages Pre-Roman languages ● Iberian ● Tartessian The following languages were spoken in the Iberian ● Indo-European languages Peninsula before the Roman occupation and the spread of ● Celtic languages ● Celtiberian the Latin language. ● Gallaecian ● Aquitanian (probably closely related to or the same ● Lusitanian (disputed: either Italic, Celtic, Para-Celtic or as Proto-Basque) other Indo-European) ● Proto-Basque ● Sorothaptic ● Hellenic ● Ancient Greek ● Afro-Asiatic languages ● Semitic languages ● Phoenician ● Punic Migrant languages THE TOP 10 MOST ENDANGERED LANGUAGES IN EUROPE 10. CAPPADOCIAN GREEK (Greece, 2800 native speakers) 3. KARAIM (Lithuania, Crimea, Poland, Ukraine, 80 native speakers) 9. TSAKONIAN (Greece, 200-1000 native speakers) 2. CORNISH (Cornwall, UK, 3500 native 8. WYMYSORYS (Poland, 70 native speakers) speakers) 7. PITE SAMI (Sweden, 25-50 native speakers) 1. MANX (Isle of man, UK, 100 native speakers) 6. GOTTSCHEERISH (Slovenia, unknown native speakers) 5.UME SAMI (Sweden, 10-20 native speakers) 4. HÉRTEVIN (Turkey, 1000 native speakers) EU COUNTRIES LANGUAGES Albania Belarus Finland Albanian (Shqip, Tosk (Toskë) is the Belarusian, Russian Finnish (suomi) 93.4%, Swedish -
Unreached Only Prayer Cards
Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Deaf in Afghanistan Deaf in Algeria Population: 398,000 Population: 223,000 World Popl: 48,206,860 World Popl: 48,206,860 Total Countries: 216 Total Countries: 216 People Cluster: Deaf People Cluster: Deaf Main Language: Afghan Sign Language Main Language: Algerian Sign Language Main Religion: Islam Main Religion: Islam Status: Unreached Status: Unreached Evangelicals: Unknown % Evangelicals: Unknown % Chr Adherents: 0.05% Chr Adherents: 0.28% Scripture: Translation Needed Scripture: Translation Needed www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Deaf in Azerbaijan Deaf in Bangladesh Population: 77,000 Population: 1,246,000 World Popl: 48,206,860 World Popl: 48,206,860 Total Countries: 216 Total Countries: 216 People Cluster: Deaf People Cluster: Deaf Main Language: Language unknown Main Language: West Bengal Sign Language Main Religion: Islam Main Religion: Islam Status: Unreached Status: Unreached Evangelicals: Unknown % Evangelicals: Unknown % Chr Adherents: 2.74% Chr Adherents: 0.66% Scripture: Unspecified Scripture: Unspecified www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net Source: Anonymous Source: Anonymous "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Deaf in Bhutan Deaf in Cambodia Population: 5,800 Population: 127,000 World Popl: 48,206,860 World Popl: 48,206,860