DOCSLIB.ORG

Petrography and Petrogenetic History of a Quartz Monzonite Intrusive, Swisshelm Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Petrography and Petrogenetic History of a Quartz Monzonite Intrusive, Swisshelm Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona Petrography and petrogenetic history of a quartz monzonite intrusive, Swisshelm Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic); maps Authors Diery, Hassan Deeb, 1934- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 07/10/2021 02:41:07 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551749 PETROGRAPHY AND PETROGENETIC HISTORY OF A QUARTZ MONZONITE INTRUSIVE, SWISSHELM MOUNTAINS, COCHISE COUNTY, ARIZONA by Hassan D. Diery A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 19 6 1; STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library© Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: D APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: R. L. DUBOIS Date Associate Professor of Geology ABSTRACT PETROGRAPHY AND PETROGENETIC HISTORY OF A QUARTZ MONZONITE INTRUSIVE, SWISS HELM MOUNTAINS, COCHISE COUNTY, ARIZONA by Hassan D. Diery Department of Geology University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona The Swisshelm Quartz Monzonite covers about two square miles on the western slope of the Swisshelm Mountains, Cochise County, Ari­ zona. Field observation and petrographic study indicate that the quartz monzonite was derived by differentiation and late-stage alkali metasomatism of probably a quartz dioritic magma rich in alkali and volatile constituents. The high concentration of the volatiles is believed to be of great importance in the development of the differ­ ent facies and rock types. Four different facies of the Swisshelm Quartz Monzonite have been distinguished as (1) the normal facies, (2) the altered facies, (3) the fine-grained facies, and (1*) the con­ tact facies. Also, several aplite dikes, local beryl-bearing pegma­ tite patches, and numerous quartz veins are present and attributed to iii iv late magmatic differentiation. Inclusions of an early and late mag­ matic facies are sparsely disseminated throughout the quartz monzon- ite. The Swisshelm Quartz Monzonite magma has intruded and meta­ morphosed the Upper Paleozoic sediments of the Naco Group as well as the Lower Cretaceous sediments of the Bisbee Group. The metamorphism is of a contact metasomatic type to which the mineralogical and tex­ tural changes in the country rocks have been attributed. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS....................................... vii INTRODUCTION.......................................... .. • • 1 Location and Accessibility .......................... 1 Puipose of Investigation ..............•• .......... 1 Method of Investigation ..... ....................... 3 Previous Work .................................... 3 Acknowledgments .................................... It GEOLOGIC SETTING .... ....................................... 6 PETROGRAPHY................................................... 7 Igneous Rocks .................................. 7 Swisshelm Quartz Monzonite ....... ........... 7 Aplite Dikes ................... 31 Pegmatites • • • ........ ............ 38 Quartz Veinlet i|0 Inclusions ............................... I4O Porphyritic Rhyolite Dikes .......... ...... 53 Andesite Porphyry............................ 57 Lanprophyric (spessertite) Dikes ......... 59 Metamorphic R o c k s .................................... 6l Metamorphosed Rocks of Upper Paleozoic Age • • • • 6l Metamorphosed Rocks of Cretaceous Age ....... 71 S T R U C T U R E ..................................................... 78 Structure of the Metamorphic Rocks ...................... 78 Structure of the Intrusive Mass ............ 78 VARIATION DIAGRAMS . ....................... 81 v vx Page FETROGENESIS............ ...................................... 86 Swisshelm Quartz Monzonite »•••••• •.<>••••• 86 Aplite, Pegmatite, and Quartz ............ 89 Inclusions ........................ 91 Metamorphic Rocks ............... 92 CONCLUSIONS ................ .. 96 REFERENCES........ ................ V '. V . • 98 TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page PI# 1# Geologic Map of the Swisshelm Quartz Monzonite . p0^ e. Fig. 1. Index Map . .......... • .o-... 2 Fig. 2. Photomicrographs of the Normal Facies ...... H Fig. 3. Photomicrograph of a Phenocryst from the Normal Facies ......................................... 12 Fig. It. Photomicrographs of the Altered Facies ....... 17 Fig. £. Photograph of an Outcrop of Quartz Monzonite .... 18 Fig. 6. Photomicrograph of the Fine-grained Facies . 20 Fig. 7. Photomicrograph of the Diorite Contact Sub-facies * 23 Fig. 8. Photomicrograph of the Syenite Contact Sub-facies • 26 Fig. 9. Photomicrograph of the Aplite Porphyritic Facies . 33 Fig. 10. Photomicrograph of the Aplite Graphic Facies • • • • 35 Fig. 11. Photograph of the Swisshelm Quartz Monzonite Inclusions ............................ ••••• Jjl Fig. 12* Photomicrographs of the Biotite-Orthoclase-rich Inclusions ................... 1*3 Fig. 13o Photomicrographs of the Chlorite-Flagioclase-rich Inclusions .................................... li$ Fig. 1U. Photomicrographs of the Biotite-Plagioclase-rich Inclusions ................... Fig. 15. Photomicrograph of the Muscovite-Potash Feldspar- rich Inclusions ................ 50 Fig. 16. Photomicrograph of the Rhyolite Central Facies . 54 Fig. 17. Photomicrograph of the Rhyolite Border Facies . 56 vii viii Page Fig. 18. Photomicrograph of the Andesite Porphyry ...... 58 Fig. 19. Photomicrograph of the Porphyroblastic Marble * . 61; Fig. 20. Photomicrograph of the Garnet Granofels ....... 6? Fig. 21. Photomicrographs of the Idocrase Granofels ...... 69 Fig. 22. Photomicrographs of the Homblende-Biotite Granofels .............. ........ 7k Fig. 23. Photomicrograph of the Homblende-Porphyroblastic Granofels .................... 76 Fig. 21;. Photograph of Eroded Joints and Fissures in the Quartz Monzonite ................. 80 Fig. 25. Generalized Marker Variation Diagram ......... 83 Fig. 26. Ternary Variation Diagram .............. 8I4. INTRODUCTION Location and Accessibility This thesis covers a portion of the Swisshelm Mountains which are located in Cochise County in the extreme southeast comer of Ari­ zona, twenty miles from the town of Douglas and the Mexican border, and thirty miles from the Arizona-New Mexico border. They extend from 109O30‘ to 10?°#' N latitude and from 31°30‘ to 33.°kO* W longi­ tude. The Swisshelm Mountains are easily accessible from ail sides via ungraded gravel roads. The area investigated is a portion of the northwestern part of the Swisshelm Mountains and lies on the western side of the range. It comprises approximately the southern three-fourths of Sec. lit. Sec. 23, the northern quarter of Sec. 26, and the eastern fourth of Sec. 15 and 22. The area is reached by a seven mile drive over a partially Improved road east from ELfrida (Fig. 1). Purpose of Investigation This investigation interprets the petrographic features and proposes a petrogenetic history for a quartz monzonite stock. The igneous rocks are intrusive into a series of Paleozoic and Mesozoic sediments which have been contact metamorphosed. The characteristics of these rocks will also be discussed. 1 2 ARIZONA SCALE » 1 INCH - 11*6 MILES ELFRIDA o DOUGLAS \ SCALE i 1 INCH - 2k MILES FIGURE 1 • INDEX MAP SHOWING THE AREA OF STUDY 3 Method of Investigation Mapping of rock features was carried out in the field and plotted on an enlarged U. S. G. S, topographic map of the Swisshelm Mountains Quadrangle. Macroscopic characteristics were noted in out­ crops and in hand specimens. Specimens were collected in the field at the stations shown on the specimen location map (Plate 1). About 300 thin sections were prepared and studied in the Laboratory under the polarizing microscope. Selected thin sections from the various facies of the quartz monzonite stock and the aplite dikes were stained to aid in the estimation of the percentage of K-feldspar pres­ ent. Modal analyses for the igneous rock types were made by the point count method, using a mechanical stage with a minimum grid in­ terval of 0.2 mm. Chemical compositions of the various facies of the quartz monzonite were calculated from their modal analyses by use of the tables given in Wahlstrom (1955). Photographs and photomicro­ graphs were taken to illustrate important features. Previous Work boring (I9I4.7) wrote a thesis on the geology and ore deposits of the Mountain Queen area of the northern Swisshelm Mountains to the northeast of the thesis area. Galbraith and boring (1951) studied the Swisshelm district (in Arizona Zinc and Lead Deposits. part 2)• Rogers
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dicionarioct.Pdf
    McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Earth Science Second Edition McGraw-Hill New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be repro- duced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-141798-2 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-141045-7 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at [email protected] or (212) 904-4069. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw- Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decom- pile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of the Pegmatites and Associated Rocks of Maine
    DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR BULLETIN 445 GEOLOGY OF THE PEGMATITES AND ASSOCIATED ROCKS OF MAINE INCLUDING FELDSPAR, QUARTZ, MICA, AND GEM DEPOSITS BY EDSON S. BASTIN WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1911 CONTENTS. Introduction.............................................................. 9 Definition of pegmatite...................................................... 10 Geographic distribution.................................................... 10 Geology.................................................................. 10 Bordering rocks....................................................... 10 Pegmatites in foliated rocks........................................ 11 General statement............................................ 11 Sedimentary foliates........................................... 11 Igneous foliates.....".......................................... 12 Pegmatites in massive granites.................................... 13 'Age.................................................................. 15 General character..................................................... 15 Mineral and chemical composition................................. 15 Mineral constituents.......................................... 15 Relative proportions of minerals............................... 18 Quartzose phases. ..............................^............. 18 Fluidal cavities............................................... 19 Sodium and lithium phases................................... 20 Muscovite
    [Show full text]
  • Mineralogy of the Peraluminous Spruce Pine Plutonic Suite
    MINERALOGY OF THE PERALUMINOUS SPRUCE PINE PLUTONIC SUITE, MITCHELL, AVERY, AND YANCEY COUNTIES, NORTH CAROLINA by William Brian Veal (Under the Direction of Samuel E. Swanson) ABSTRACT The Spruce Pine plutonic suite consists of numerous Devonian (390-410 ma) peraluminous granitic plutons, dikes, sills, and associated pegmatites. The mineralogy of pegmatites and host granodiorites from seven locations was studied to determine the extent of fractionation of the pegmatites relative to the granodiorite. Garnets in the plutons are almandine- spessartine and some display epitaxial overgrowths of grossular garnet. Similar garnets are found in the pegmatites. Pegmatitic muscovite contains several percent iron and is compositionally similar to muscovite from the host granodiorite. Feldspars in the granodiorites and pegmatites are compositionally similar (plagioclase Ab69-98; k-feldspar Or95-98). The lack of compositional variation between minerals in pegmatites and host granodiorites indicates the pegmatites were not the result of extreme fractionation and indicates that pegmatite mineralogy can be used to characterize the mineralogy of an entire granodiorite body. INDEX WORDS: Spruce Pine, Pegmatites, Granodiorite, Garnet, Muscovite, Feldspar MINERALOGY OF THE PERALUMINOUS SPRUCE PINE PLUTONIC SUITE, MITCHELL, AVERY, AND YANCEY COUNTIES, NORTH CAROLINA by WILLIAM BRIAN VEAL B.S., Georgia Southwestern State University, 2002 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE ATHENS, GEORGIA 2004 © 2004 William Brian Veal All Rights Reserved MINERALOGY OF THE PERALUMINOUS SPRUCE PINE PLUTONIC SUITE, MITCHELL, AVERY, AND YANCEY COUNTIES, NORTH CAROLINA by WILLIAM BRIAN VEAL Major Professor: Samual E. Swanson Committee: Michael F.
    [Show full text]
  • Textures and Structures of Igneous Rocks
    UNIT 2 TEXTURES AND STRUCTURES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS Structure______________________________________________ 2.1 Introduction 2.4 Forms of Igneous Rocks Expected Learning Outcomes Sill 2.2 Textures of Igneous Rocks Dyke Crystallinity Laccolith Granularity Bysmalith Shape of the Crystals Lopolith Mutual Relationship between Crystal and Phacolith Non-Crystalline Material Chonolith Intergrowth Textures Volcanic Neck Exsolution Textures Batholith Miscellaneous Textures Stock 2.3 Structures of Igneous Rocks Boss Vesicular and Amygdaloidal Structures 2.5 Summary Scoriaceous and Pumiceous Structures 2.6 Activity Lava Tunnels 2.7 Terminal Questions Blocky and Ropy Lava 2.8 References Platy and Sheet Structure 2.9 Further/Suggested Readings Pillow Lava 2.10 Answers Columnar/Prismatic Structure Lava Flow Structure Rift and Grain Perlitic Structure Rapakivi Structure Xenoliths ……………………………………………………………………………………………….…....Block 1 Igneous Petrology.......…-I 2.1 INTRODUCTION You have been introduced to the igneous rocks in the previous unit. You have also learnt that the slow cooling of magma takes place in the deeper parts of the Earth and large size crystals are formed. On the contrary, magma undergoing rapid cooling in shallower depth or on the surface of the Earth yielded fine grained crystals. The rapid cooling of lava/melt molten rock on the surface of the Earth produces fine grained minerals or glass. The igneous rocks vary in grain size from very coarse, medium to fine grained or even glassy in hand specimen and under the microscope. Thus, igneous rocks display variety of textures. Thus, the term texture refers to physical appearance of a rock. In this unit we will discuss textures and structures of igneous rocks.
    [Show full text]
  • Subsurface Geology of the Cochran Pegmatite, Cherokee-P…
    SUBSURFACE GEOLOGY OF THE COCHRAN PEGMATITE, CHEROKEE-PICKENS DISTRICT, GEORGIA Alexander J. Gunow Gregory N. Bonn Bruce J. O'Connor Georgia Department of Natural Resources Environmental Protection Division Georgia Geologic Survey GEOLOGIC REPORT 5 Subsurface Geology of the Cochran Pegmatite, Cherokee-Pickens District, Georgia Alexander J. Gunow Gregory N. Bonn Bruce J. O'Connor Georgia Department of Natural Resources Joe D. Tanner, Commissioner Environmental Protection Division Harold F. Reheis, Director Georgia Geologic Survey William H. McLemore, State Geologist Atlanta 1992 Geologic Report 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract ..................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 2 General r>escription ................................................................................ 3 Results ....................................................................................................... 6 Discussion................................................................................................. 9 References ................................................................................................. 10 Appendices ........................................................................................... .... 11 A. Drill Hole Information and Mineralogy ......................... 11 B. Lithologic r>escription of Drill Core ............................... 17 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
    [Show full text]
  • Bedrock Geology and Geochemical Analysis of the Bowdoinham 7.5' Quadrangle, Southwestern Maine
    Bedrock Geology and Geochemical Analysis of the Bowdoinham 7.5’ Quadrangle, southwestern Maine Joel Frank Cubley Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts Department of Geology Middlebury College Middlebury, Vermont April 2005 Bedrock Geology and Geochemical Analysis of the Bowdoinham 7.5’ Quadrangle, southwestern Maine Joel Cubley, Department of Geology Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont 05753 The Bowdoinham 7.5’ quadrangle, located in southwestern Maine, is situated along the boundary between the regionally extensive Liberty-Orrington and central Maine lithotectonic belts. Detailed 1:24,000 scale bedrock mapping in the northern half of the quadrangle has resulted in the delineation of the following lithologic units (described from west to east): (1) interlayered biotite granofels and calc-silicate gneisses of the Silurian-Devonian Vassalboro Formation (central Maine sequence), (2) a previously unrecognized, deformed and recrystallized Devonian metagranitoid pluton hereby named the Hornbeam Hill Intrusive Suite, (3) migmatitic biotite gneisses and other subordinate lithologies (e.g. amphibolites, rusty schists) associated with the Ordovician Falmouth-Brunswick sequence (Liberty-Orrington belt), and (4) several small but mappable granitic pegmatite bodies of both Devonian and Permian age. The Hornbeam Hill Intrusive Suite is significant because it stitches the contact between the Vassalboro Formation and Falmouth-Brunswick sequence rocks. Thin dikes and sills of Mesozoic diabase are found in the study area, but cannot be mapped at this scale. Stratified rocks in the quadrangle have been penetratively deformed, folded, and metamorphosed to upper amphibolite conditions during the Acadian orogeny. A pervasive east-dipping foliation (generally <45º) can be found in rocks of both lithotectonic belts, as well as the Hornbeam Hill Intrusive Suite, implying that the dominant episode of deformation in this region occurred after the emplacement of that pluton.
    [Show full text]
  • Mica Deposits of the Blue Ridge in North Carolina
    Mica Deposits of the Blue Ridge in North Carolina GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 577 Work done in part in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development and in part in cooperation with the Defense Minerals Exploration Administration Mica Deposits of the Blue Ridge in North Carolina By FRANK G. LESURE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 577 Work done in part in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development and in part in cooperation with the Defense Minerals Exploration Administration This report is based on work done by J. C. Oh on, Jf^. R. Griffiths, E. Jf^. Heinrich, R. H. Jahns, J. M. Parker III, D. H. Amos, S. A. Bergman, A. R. Taylor, K. H. Teague, and others UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1968 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. OS 67-295 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Abstract_ ________________________________________ Geology Continued Introduction. ______________________________________ Structure_______ _______ ._____. 14 Investigations_-_____ ________ ___________________ Folds.. ._-- _ __- _____ . 14 Geography __ _ _______ Faults ____ ___ ___ ... 14 Geology ______________________________ Blue Ridge thrust sheet. ______ 15 Lower Precambrian basement complex.___________ Metamorphism. _ _ _ _ _____________ 15 Mica and hornblende gneiss and
    [Show full text]
  • Igneous Intrusive Rocks of the Peake and Denison Ranges Within The
    (),.(o TGbÜEOTJS IhÜTTIIJSI\ZE ROCKS OF 1FHE PE^â,KE ^ã'I\ÜED DEITISODÜ FLATVGES WTTHI}Ü TtrHE .â.E'EI'ã.IDE GEOSYIÜCI-IìTE By: Robert sinclair llorrison B. Sc. (Acadia, 1981- ) B.Sc. Hons. (Adelaide, L982) The Department of Geology and Geophysics The UniversítY of Adelaide south Australia. This thesis is submitted as fulfilnent of the requirernents for the degree of Doctor of PhiIosoPhY in GeoIogY at The UniversitY of Adelaide South Australia. February 29Lr', i-988. Resubmitted March 31=È , L989 - C\,,.-,)r,f lrt,>c\ i';, ti 1_ Statement of OriginalitY: I hereby certify that this thesis does not incorporate, without acknowled-gernent, ãty material which has been previously submitted for a dégree or dÏ-ploma in any university, and, to the best of my knowledge ..tá b"Ii"f, it does not contain any written or published matãrial by another person, except where due reference is made in the text. Robert Sinclair llorrison- FebruarY 29Er', L988; March 3l-=È, l-989. 2 ,¿!tl Fronticepiece: Margi-n of a monzogabbro body of the Bungadillina suite in the Peake and Denison Ranges showj-ng an abundant felsic dyke network. The felsic dykes increase in size and density towards the contact, but are truncated with brecciated Burra Group sediments. Monzogabbro body is dominated by coarse grained euhedral arnphibole and smaller clinopyroxene. Dykes are thought to have originated by a fil-ter- pressínq mechanism where late-stage residual fel-sic rnelt is progressively squeezed out towards the margin of a ferromagnesian crystal-rich maqma. Location: Northeast of sample locality 17516l (Map E).
    [Show full text]
  • ENGINEERING GEOLOGY Id Question on the Surface of Earth
    ENGINEERING GEOLOGY Id Question On the surface of earth largest ocean is A Atlantic B Pacific C Indian D Arctic Answer A Marks 2 Unit I B1 Id Question Chose the appropriate mineral from the list which has 3 sets of cleavages perpendicular to each other, metallic luster, and specific gravity 7 A Hematite B Jasper C Galena D Calcite Answer C Marks 2 Unit I B1 Id Question Shelly limestone has broken fragments of shells of dead organism. So it can be classified as A Clastic Sedimentary rock B Evaporites C Residual Deposit D Volcanic Rock Answer A Marks 2 Unit I B1 Id Question Choose the correct sequence in rock cycle A Magma – Sediment – Sedimentary rock – Metamorphic rocks B Sedimentary rock – Metamorphic rocks – Igneous rocks – Magma C Metamorphic rocks – Magma – Igneous rocks – Sedimentary rock D Sedimentary rock – Sediment – Metamorphic rock – Igneous rock Answer C Marks 2 Unit I B1 Id Question Ripple marks, mudcracks ,current bedding are used to A Define the composition of the bed B Define the top of the bed C Define the grain size of the rocks D All of these Answer B Marks 2 Unit I B1 Id Question Which of the following groups of earth materials all belong to the same rock family? A Chert, Sandstone, Gypsum B Obsidian, Granite, Gneiss C Conglomerate, Shale, Mudstone D Schist, Gneiss, Rock Salt Answer C Marks 2 Unit I B1 Id Question Metamorphism brings A Changes in preexisting rocks due to chemically active fluids only B Changes in preexisting rocks due to temperature only C Changes in preexisting rocks due to temperature, pressure & chemically active fluids D None of these Answer C Marks 2 Unit I B1 Id Question Himalaya rose from _______ sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 22 / No. 5 / 1991
    Volume 22 No. 5. January 1991 The Journal of Gemmology THE GEMMOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION AND GEM TESTING LABORATORY OF GREAT BRITAIN OFFICERS AND COUNCIL Past Presidents: Sir Henry Miers, Ma, D.Sc, FRS Sir William Bragg, OM, KBE, FRS Dr. G.F Herbert Smith, CBE, MA, D.Sc. Sir Frank Claringbull, Ph.D., F.Inst.E, FGS Vice-President: R. K. Mitchell, FGA Council of Management D.J. Callaghan, FGA N.WDeeks,FGA N.B. Israel, FGA E.A. Jobbins, B.Sc, C.Eng., FIMM, FGA I. Thomson, FGA V.E Watson, FGA K. Scarratt, FGA : Chief Executive R.R. Harding, B.Sc, D.Phil., FGA : Director of Gemmology Members' Council A.J.Allnutt,M.Sc, D. Inkersole, FGA PG. Read, C.Eng., Ph.D.,FGA B. Jackson, FGA MIEE, MIERE, FGA C. R. Cavey, FGA G.H. Jones, B.Sc, Ph.D., FGA I. Roberts, FGA P J. E.Daly, B.Sc, FGA H. Levy, M.Sc,BA, FGA E.A. Thomson, T. Davidson, FGA J. Kessler Hon. FGA R. Fuller, FGA G. Monnickendam R. Velden J.A.W Hodgkinson, L. Music D. Warren FGA J.B.Nelson, Ph. D., FRMS, C.H. Winter, FGA F.Inst.E, FGA Branch Chairmen: Midlands Branch: D.M. Larcher, FBHI, FGA North-West Branch: W Franks, FGA Examiners: A. J. Allnutt, M.Sc, Ph.D., FGA D. G. Kent, FGA E. M. Bruton, FGA P Sadler, B.Sc, FGS, FGA C. R. Cavey, FGA K. Scarratt, FGA A. E. Farn,FGA E. Stern, FGA R. R. Harding, B.Sc, D.Phil., FGA M.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of the Chewelah-Loon Lake Area, Stevens and Spokane Counties, Washington
    Geology of the Chewelah-Loon Lake Area, Stevens and Spokane Counties, Washington GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 806 Prepared in cooperation with the Washington Division of Mines and Geology _J Geology of the Chewelah-Loon Lake Area, Stevens and Spokane Counties, Washington · By FRED K. MILLER and LORIN D. CLARK With a section on POTASSIUM-ARGO:N AGES OF THE PLUTONIC ROCKS By JOAN C. ENGELS G E 0 L 0 G I CAL SURVEY P.R 0 FE S S I 0 N A. L PAPER 8 0 6 Prepared in cooperation with the Washington Division of Mines and Geology UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1975 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ROGERS C. B. MORTON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director / Library of Congress catalog-card No. 73-600314 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 -Price $2.15 (paper cover) Stock Number 2401-02587 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract ····································································-·················· 1 Paleozoic rocks-Continued Introduction ................................................................................ 1 Carbonate rocks-Continued Location and .accessibility.................................................. -1 -·Devonian -or Mississippian carbonate rocks-Con. Previous work ...................................................................... 2 Unit 2 ............................... -..................................... 30 Present work .................................................. :..................... 3
    [Show full text]
  • ME589/Geol571 Advanced Topics Geology and Economics Of
    ME589/Geol571 Advanced Topics Geology and Economics of Strategic and Critical Minerals Commodities Commodities—Be and Te Virginia T. McLemore Comments on Quiz • What are the differences between the Lemitar and Mountain Pass carbonatites? – Mt. Pass is in production, Lemitar is beginning exploration • What is the advantage of producing REE from nontraditional deposits such as phosphate, breccia pipe, coal, sandstone uranium deposits? – These other deposits could have more tonnage being produced and could considerably add to the total REE being produced • Why is important for exploration geologists to understand the processing and environmental issues associated with REE and critical minerals? – Ultimately the producer needs a social license to operate (the community needs to be supportive of the operation) – Exploration geologist are the first in the area that can identify potential problems What is beryllium? What is beryllium? • Beryllium – Average of 0.52 mg/kg in soil – Occurs as minerals, trace Beryllium metal concentrations in other minerals Beryllium ore Beryllium oxide Beryllium alloys Beryllium • 4th element on the periodic table • 44th element in abundance • Gemstone • low density (1.85 grams/cubic centimeter) • it has a very high melting point: 1,278° C • resistance to creep, shear strength, tensile strength, comprehensive yield strength and just its fracture toughness Beryllium—Properties • Low absorption cross-section with respect to thermal neutrons • Light element • Ability to withstand extreme heat • Remain stable over
    [Show full text]