Mica Deposits of the Blue Ridge in North Carolina

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 577

Work done in part in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development and in part in cooperation with the Defense Minerals Exploration Administration Mica Deposits of the Blue Ridge in North Carolina

By FRANK G. LESURE

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 577

Work done in part in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development and in part in cooperation with the Defense Minerals Exploration Administration This report is based on work done by J. C. Oh on, Jf^. R. Griffiths, E. Jf^. Heinrich, R. H. Jahns, J. M. Parker III, D. H. Amos, S. A. Bergman, A. R. Taylor, K. H. Teague, and others

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1968 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director

Library of Congress catalog-card No. OS 67-295

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS

Page Abstract______Geology Continued Introduction. ______Structure______._____. 14 Investigations_-______Folds.. ._-- _ __- _____ . 14 Geography ______Faults ______... 14 Geology ______Blue Ridge thrust sheet. ______15 Lower Precambrian basement complex.______Metamorphism. ______15 Mica and hornblende gneiss and schist-______Economic aspects of pegmatite minerals . 16 Layered granitic gneiss______16 Granite and nonlayered granitic gneiss.______Sheet mica___-___-_-_---__ 16 Upper Precambrian rocks______Scrap mica___ ----____----- 19 Bakersville Gabbro______Feldspar ______19 Ocoee Series______Kaolin ______19 Paleozoic sedimentary rocks______Quartz______20 Chilhowee Group.______Beryl ___ _ 20 Rocks of the Murphy marble belt-______Niobium-tantalum minerals. ____ 20 Cambrian and Ordovician rocks.______Uranium and rare-earth minerals. 20 Paleozoic(?) intrusive rocks______Pegmatite districts ______21 21 Ultramafic rocks______Jefferson-Boone district. ______Wilkes district ______----- 21 Granitic rocks and pegmatite______Spruce Pine district- ______21 Whiteside Granite-______Buncombe district__-_-__--_--_ 24 Muscovite granodiorite of Spruce Pine Woodlawn district______24 district-______11 Franklin-Sylva district- ______25 Pegmatite. ______12 References cited. ______122

ILLUSTRATIONS

iPlates In pocket] PLATE 1. Geologic map of part of the Blue Ridge of North Carolina and Tennessee. 2-6. Maps showing location of mica mines and prospects in 2. Jefferson-Boone and Wilkes districts. 3. Spruce Pine district. 4. Woodlawn and Buncombe districts. 5. Outer part of Franklin-Sylva district. 6. Central part of Franklin-Sylva district. Page FIGURE 1. Map showing location of pegmatite districts in the southeastern United States. 2

TABLES

Page TABLE 1. Age determinations on various minerals from the Blue Ridge of North Carolinia and 9 Tennessee.______22 2. Recorded production of sheet-and-punch mica from the Spruce Pine district, North Carolina. 3. Recorded production of sheet-and-punch mica from the Franklin-Sylva district, North Carolina....______25 4. Summary description of mica mines and prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina__ 26 m

MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA

By FRANK G. LESTJRB

ABSTRACT within a single deposit. About 50 percent of the deposits contain some stained mica, about 15 percent contain mica with mineral Pegmatites in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina are important intergrowths, and about 30 percent contain mica that has been sources of sheet and scrap mica, feldspar, kaolin, and quartz. deformed after crystallization. Small amounts of beryl, columbite-tantalite, monazite, samar- Descriptive data are available on 1,350 mines and prospects. skite, and uranium minerals also have been produced. The About 100 mines have an individual production greater than mica-bearing pegmatites occur in mica and hornblende gneiss 10,000 pounds of sheet mica, but more than half of the deposits and schist throughout the Blue Ridge province but are concen­ have produced less than 500 pounds each. Total production of trated in the Spruce Pine and Franklin-Sylva districts. sheet mica for the region is unknown. Production in recent The Blue Ridge is geologically complex; the rocks are mainly years has been 25-50 percent of the total weight and 45-85 polymetamorphic orthogneisses and paragneisses and schists percent of the value of United States production. About half that are part of a large thrust sheet that has moved at least 30 of the scrap mica and half or more of the feldspar produced in miles to the northwest in the northern part of the area. This the country have come from the Blue Ridge area. thrust sheet is bounded on the east by the Brevard fault zone Reserves of sheet mica cannot be calculated but probably and on the west by the Unaka Mountain belt which consists of as much mica remains in the ground as has been mined. A few metamorphosed and nonmetamorphosed late Precambrain and new deposits have been found in the last 20 years, but most of Cambrian sedimentary rocks in various complex folds and thrust- the recent production has been from old mines. Reserves of faulted blocks. scrap mica, feldspar, and clay are extensive. During an early Precambrian metamorphic period a thick sequence of sedimentary and volcanic rocks was altered to gneiss INTRODUCTION and schist. Parts of the sequence were migmatized to layered granitic gneiss and intruded by masses of granite and grano- diorite. In the early or middle Paleozoic a second period of Since 18-68 the pegmatites of the Blue Kidge in North regional metamorphism resulted in the widespread intrusion Carolina have been among the principal sources of sheet of pegmatite associated in some areas with large masses of finer muscovite in the United States. Production of feldspar, grained granodiorite. The pegmatites are in areas where the kaolin, quartz, and scrap mica has also been large; metamorphic intensity in the second period of metamorphism minor amounts of beryl, columbite-tantalite, monazite, reached at least the kyanite-muscovite subfacies of the almandine amphibolite facies. Some deformation of the pegmatites occurred samarskite, uranium minerals, vermiculite, zircon, and after crystallization, and later faulting in the pegmatites is other minerals have been produced as byproducts. probably related to a late Paleozoic deformation that culminated The production of sheet muscovite has not been con­ in widespread thrust faulting. tinuous since mining began; the principal periods of The pegmatites have a simple mineralogy and structure and production include 1867-85, 1896-1913, 1916-20, 1922- range in composition from granite to granodiorite. The principal minerals are oligoclase, perthitic microcline, quartz, and 30, 1935-46, and 1952-62. muscovite. Biotite and garnet are the main accessory minerals, Since 1961 the Blue Kidge province has produced but a wide variety of other minerals has been found in minor annually one-quarter to one-half of the sheet mica amounts. mined in the United States. This production represents Two-thirds of the pegmatite bodies are tabular, a quarter of 45-85 percent of the total value of sheet-mica produc­ them are lenticular, and the remainder are of irregular shape. About half the bodies are discordant with the foliation of the tion. Most of this mica has come from two districts in enclosing country rock. Simple zoning has been reported in North Carolina: the Spruce Pine district in Avery, about 40 percent of the deposits but may have been overlooked Mitchell, and Yancey Counties and the Franklin- in some others. The most common type of zoned pegmatite has Sylva district in Haywood, Jackson, and Macon a plagioclase-quartz-muscovite wall zone and a quartz or quartz- Counties. The other districts in the Blue Kidge (fig. 1) perthite core. A few deposits have perthite intermediate zones or cores. More than half the deposits are deeply weathered, and have produced only small amounts of mica during recent for many of these the geology is incompletely known. years and have never been important producers. Sheet mica generally is scattered throughout unzoned de­ The pegmatite districts of the Piedmont province posits or is concentrated in wall zones. In some deposits, mica is (fig. 1), which have also been important sources of concentrated in shoots within a zone. The size and quality of the mica vary widely between districts, within districts, and even muscovite, are described by Jahns and others (1952-53). 1 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE, RIDGE1 ESF NORTH CAROON1A

Districts described Other districts in this report

Boundary between /"'WASHINGTON physiographic provinces DISTRICTS IN THE BLUE RIDGE 1. Jefferson-Boone 1. Cashiers 2. Wilkes 8. Bryson City 3. Spruce Pine 9. Zirconia 4. Woodlawn 10. Rabun 5. Buncombe 11. North Georgia, 6. Franklin-Sylva

Winston-Salem Q , N E S S E 0 R T H RALEIGH0 R 0 L/1 N A

S 0/U T

A L A B U^M E 0 R G I A MONTGOMERY0

FIGURE 1. Map showing location of pegmatite districts in the southeastern United States.

INVESTIGATIONS periods ranging from 2 weeks to several years: V.C. This report is based on studies of the mica deposits in Fryklund, Jr. (1943-44), L. W. Goldthwait (1944), the Blue Ridge of North Carolina made between 1939 W. R. Griffitts (1943-45), J. B. Hadley (1944), E. W. and 1962 by geologists of the U.S. Geological Survey. Heinrich (1944-45), J. E. Husted (1944-45), W. P. From 1939 to 1945, 25 geologists and assistants mapped Irwin (1944-45), R. H. Jahns (1944-46), T. L. Kesler more than 200 mica deposits and examined nearly 800 (1939-41), M. R. Klepper (1943-44), D. M. Larrabee others as part of the Survey's strategic minerals inves­ (1943-44), R. W. Lemke (1943-45), Roswell Miller tigations (Kesler and Olson, 1942; Olson, 1944; Olson III (1944), J. J. Norton (1943), J. C. Olson (1939-45), and others, 1946). The following men mapped in one or J. J. Page (1941-43), J. M. Parker III (1940-46), more of the principal districts in the Blue Ridge for L. C. Pray (1944), W. C. Stoll (1943), and R. A. Swanson INTRODUCTION

(1945). Field assistants working for periods of 3-20 southeastern United States, extends southwest from weeks included W. B. Alien (1943), Edward Ellingwood south-central Pennsylvania to northern Georgia for a III (1944), P. W. Gates (1943), F. W. Hinrichs (1939- total distance of 570 miles (fig. 1). The province is 40), and L. W. Seegers (1943). The studies were under roughly wedge shaped. The northern half from Penn­ the supervision of T. L. Kesler (1939-41), J. C. Olson sylvania to Koanoke, Va., is less than 14 miles wide; (1941-44), and K. H. Jahns (1944-46). During the pe­ summit altitudes rarely exceed 4,000 feet. The southern riod 1941-45 the work was done in cooperation with the half of the province widens to a maximum of 70 miles North Carolina Department of Conservation and De­ in southwestern North Carolina and ends abruptly in velopment, and was integrated with the activities of northern Georgia. Many peaks and divides are above the Colonial Mica Corp., an agent for the Metals altitudes of 6,000 feet. Keserve Co. The Blue Kidge province is bounded on the southeast Between 1945 and 1953, emphasis was placed on and around the southern end by the Piedmont province areal geologic mapping in the Spruce Pine district (fig. 1) and on the northwestern side by the Valley (Parker, 1952; Kulp and Brobst, 1956; Brobst, 1962), and Ridge province. The borders of the Blue Ridge study of the feldspar deposits in the Bryson City district are clearly defined in most places at the base of an (Cameron, 1951), and examination of the pegmatites abrupt slope, but, locally, the transition is too grada- of the Cashiers and Zirconia districts (Olson, 1952). tional to fix the boundary accurately. These studies were also done in cooperation with the In North Carolina the term "Blue Ridge" in its North Carolina Department of Conservation and topographic sense is applied only to the main divide Development. which lies near the southeastern edge of the province. From 1951 to 1959 the Defense Minerals Explora­ The steep slope from the Piedmont to this divide is tion Administration (DMEA) and its successor, the termed the "Blue Ridge front." The high linear moun­ Office of Minerals Exploration (OME), aided in the tain ridges along the northwestern edge of the province exploration for sheet muscovite by granting loans to are called the Unaka Mountains. The mountain groups, individual operators. The exploration work was guided ranges, and peaks between the Blue Ridge front and by the joint efforts of geologists from the U.S. Geo­ the Unakas generally lack a systematic orientation. logical Survey and of mining engineers from the U.S. The major valley bottoms are broad, but the slopes Bureau of Mines. The field examinations for the Geo­ steepen rapidly along smaller streams. Slopes of 20°-45° logical Survey were made by D. H. Amos (1953-55), are common in the headwater areas. Slopes inclined S. A. Bergman (1955-58), E. L. Boudette (1957), K. A. less than 10° form a minor part of the total area. Laurence (1951-62), F. G. Lesure (1957-62), A. K. Much of the Blue Ridge province in North Carolina Taylor (1955-56), K. H. Teague (1951-55), and Hel- is drained by tributaries of the Tennessee and New muth Wedow (1958) and for the Bureau of Mines by Rivers, both of which flow into the Ohio River. The W. A. Beck (1951-59), S. A. Feitler (1957-58), A. L. major rivers draining eastward to the Atlantic head Peyton (1951-57), and L. E. Shirley (1952-58). More along the Blue Ridge front. The area has a humid than 500 deposits were examined, some of which were climate, and surface and ground water are generally mines mapped during World War II. The DMEA pro­ abundant. gram in the southeast was under the direction of K. A. The mountains are heavily wooded. Rock exposures Laurence, regional geologist for the U.S. Geological are generally limited to a few steep slopes, streambeds, Survey and Executive Officer of District V of DMEA, and roadcuts. The depth of weathered rock ranges and V. J. Lynch, of the U.S. Bureau of Mines, who was from a few feet to more than 100 feet. Acting Executive Officer of District V of DMEA. Notes, maps, and written descriptions from all the GEOLOGY investigations during the 25 years before 1963 have The Blue Ridge province in North Carolina contains been used in preparing this report. No maps of in­ old sedimentary and igneous rocks that have a complex dividual deposits accompany this report, but maps metamorphic and structural history. The area was of most of the important deposits are available either mapped in reconnaissance by Arthur Keith and his in reports by Olson (1944) and Olson and others (1946) associates from 1892 to 1906 (Keith, 1903; 1904; 1905a, or from U.S. Geological Survey open-file depositories, b; 1907a-c). Recently, more detailed mapping has as indicated in table 4. been completed in the Spruce Pine area (Olson, 1944; Parker, 1952; Kulp and Brobst, 1956; Brobst, 1962), GEOGRAPHY the Hot Springs area (Oriel, 1950), northeastern Ten­ The Blue Kidge province, which forms the mountain­ nessee (Ordway, 1959; King and Ferguson, 1960), the ous backbone of the Appalachian Highlands in the Grandfather Mountain window area (Bryant, 1962, MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA

1963; Bryant and Reed, 1962; Reed, 1964a, b; Reed and tailed studies have indicated that the rocks are phyl- Bryant, 1964), the Great Smoky Mountains (Hamilton, lonites and blastomylonites derived by cataclastic retro­ 1961; Hadley and Goldsmith, 1963; King, 1964; gressive metamorphism of the rocks on either side of a Neuman and Nelson, 1965), and the Bryson City area fault zone (Reed and Bryant, 1960; Reed and others, (Cameron, 1951). On plate 1 the geology of the Blue 1961; Cazeau and Brown, 1963, p. 33), but the direction Ridge has been generalized from Keith's folio maps and amount of faulting are not known. A few intensely and the more recent mapping. sheared pegmatite pods are present hi the less intensely The Blue Ridge geologic province, which does not retrograded rock (Reed and others, 1961, p. C67). coincide exactly with the physiographic province, has The Unaka belt contains less metamorphosed been divided into three major geologic belts by King sedimentary and volcanic rocks of late Precambrian (1955, p. 338): A narrow Brevard belt on the east, a and early Paleozoic ages (King, 1955, p. 364) and a wide Blue Ridge belt in the center, and the Unaka belt few small areas of the basement complex exposed in on the west. These belts differ hi rock type, grade of various thrust sheets. The large thrust fault along metamorphism, and structure. More than half of the which the Blue Ridge belt has moved is probably province is formed by the Blue Ridge belt, which con­ represented hi the numerous thrust faults exposed in tains a basement complex of older Precambrian mica the Unaka belt (pi. 1). gneiss and schist, hornblende gneiss and schist, migma- tite, and granite gneiss, and locally extensive areas of LOWER PRECAMBRIAN BASEMENT COMPLEX younger Precambrian metasedimentary rocks. Intruded MICA AND HORNBLENDE GNEISS AND SCHIST into these rocks are small stocks and dikes of younger Most of the Blue Ridge belt is composed of a thick Precambrian and Paleozoic granite, granodiorite, peg­ sequence of interlayered mica gneiss and schist and matite, and ultramafic rocks. The presence of younger hornblende gneiss and schist. The mica-rich rocks Precambrian and Cambrian metasedimentary rocks comprise Keith's Carolina Gneiss, and the hornblende- below rocks of the basement complex in the Grand­ rich rocks, his Roan Gneiss. Keith (1904, p. 2) described father Mountain window indicates that much of the the Carolina Gneiss (of former usage) as "an immense Blue Ridge belt is an overthrust sheet that has moved series of interbedded mica-schists, garnet-schists, mica- to the northwest at least 30 miles (Bryant and Reed, gneiss, garnet-gneiss, and fine-grained granitoid layers." 1962, p. 162). Several periods of regional metamorphism The Roan Gneiss (of former usage) he described as "a and deformation have obscured the stratigraphic rela­ great series of beds of hornblende-gneiss, hornblende- tions of the various metamorphic and igneous rocks schist, and diorite, with some interbedded mica-schist (Long and others, 1959; Bryant and Reed, 1962; and mica-gneiss (Keith, 1904, p. 3). Recent workers Hadley and Goldsmith, 1963, p. B96-B107). in the Spruce Pine district, however, did not use Mica-rich pegmatites are found only in the Blue Keith's terminology; instead, they mapped areas of Ridge belt and are restricted in general to the broad predominately mica schist, mica gneiss, or hornblende areas of mica and hornblende gneiss and schist. The gneiss (Olson, 1944; Parker, 1952; Brobst, 1962). The only pegmatite district not in these rocks is around different rock types are not shown separtely on plate 1. Bryson City where feldspar-rich mica-poor pegmatites The mica-rich rocks are the more abundant of the cut metasedimentary rocks of the Ocoee Series near two groups, and mica gneiss is probably more abundant the edge of the Unaka belt (Cameron, 1951). The areas than mica schist. The gneiss and schist are interlayered of granite gneiss hi the Blue Ridge belt contain a few and grade from one to the other. Both are light to feldspar-rich pegmatites north of the Spruce Pine dark gray and fine to coarse grained. Both are composed district and possibly a few mica-rich pegmatites south­ of various amounts of feldspar, quartz, muscovite, and east of Spruce Pine near the Grandfather Mountain biotite. The feldspar is chiefly oligoclase or sodic window. Other pegmatites mentioned by Keith (1903, andesine (Parker, 1952, p. 6; Bryant, 1962, p. D12). p. 3) in his description of the Cranberry Gneiss were In the gneiss, feldspar and quartz layers alternate not shown on the folio maps and are not shown on with layers of biotite and muscovite. Biotite tends to be plate 1 of the present report. more common in the gneiss; muscovite more common in The Brevard belt contains low-rank metamorphic the schist. Garnet may be abundant in either gneiss rocks and may be a major fault zone along which or schist. Graphite, apatite, epidote, staurolite, kyanite, high-rank rocks have been retrogressively metamor­ sillimanite, and orthoclase are present in some layers. phosed (Jonas, 1932, p. 238; Reed and Bryant, 1960). Biotite and garnet generally are more abundant near Keith (1905b, 1907b) mapped the belt as Brevard layers of hornblende-rich rock, but large belts of Schist and interpreted it to be a downfolded mass of garnet gneiss are found in areas where hornblende Cambrian rock. More recent reconnaissance and de­ gneiss is scarce (Keith, 1904, p. 2). GEOLOGY

Kyanite-rich gneiss and schist are abundant in tained volcanic material. The interlayered hornblende certain linear belts 3-8 miles wide and 20-40 miles long. gneiss and amphibolite may have been iron-rich dolomitic Such belts are fouud in the Black and the Great Craggy sediments or andesitic or basaltic tuffs (Hadley and Mountains (Keith, 1905b), in the region northwest of Goldsmith, 1963, p. B12); the more massive hornblende Asheville (Keith, 1904), in the Balsam and Pisgah gneisses are probably metamorphosed intrusive bodies Mountains (Keith, 1907b), and in the Nantahala and of gabbro or diorite. Cowee Mountains (Keith, 1907a). An extensive belt of sillimanite gneiss has been traced from Warne in Clay LAYERED GRANITIC GNEISS County to Sylva in Jackson County (Hash and Van The area shown as layered granitic gneiss on the Horn, 1951). A few lenses of marble occur locally geologic map (pi. 1) includes most of what Keith mapped (Keith, 1904,1905b;Brobst, 1962, p. A8; Conrad, 1960). as "Cranberry Granite" and also the small area that he Hornblende schist and gneiss are interlayered in mapped as "Henderson Granite" northeast of Old Fort various proportions with the mica-rich rocks throughout (Keith, 1905b). In the Cranberry, Keith (1904, p. 3-4) the Blue Eidge belt. The hornblende schist is dark included granite of various texture and color, schists green to black and consists mostly of hornblende, and gneisses derived from granite, and small bodies of oligoclase-andesine, quartz, garnet, epidote, and mono- metabasalt, metadiabase, metarhyolite, pegmatite, clinic pyroxene (Bryant, 1962, p. D12). Minor amounts quartz-diorite, and mica and hornblende gneisses of actinolite, anthophyllite, biotite, chlorite, and zoisite similar to the Carolina and Eoan Gneisses of former are also present locally (Brobst, 1962, p. A8). The horn­ usage. According to Bryant (1962, p. D13), the Cran­ blende gneiss contains layers of hornblende alternating berry in the type area consists of masses of gray layered with layers of quartz or layers of feldspar, quartz, and and nonlayered granitic gneiss and layers of green to garnet. Some hornblende-rich rocks are more massive black amphibolite, hornblende gneiss, and epidote- and resemble diorite gneiss or metagabbro (Kieth, biotite schist. He redefined the unit as the Cranberry 1904, p. 3.). Gneiss because of the prevalence of gneissic structure The hornblende gneiss and schist are more abundant and the heterogeneous composition (Bryant, 1962, in the northeastern parts of the Blue Eidge belt. Kieth p. D13). Hamilton (1960) found massive uniform (1903, 1904, 1905b, 1907c) mapped a broad area of granite, layered granite, quartz monzonite and grano- Eoan Gneiss in Ashe and Watauga Counties, another in diorite, migmatite, and gneiss in areas of northeastern Avery, Mitchell, and Yancey Counties, and a third in Tennessee mapped as Cranberry by Keith. According Buncombe and Madison Counties. South of Asheville, to Hamilton (1960, p. 13), at least some of Keith's however, in the Pisgah (Keith, 1907b) and Nantahala metarhyolite layers are mylonite. Oriel (1950, p. 32) (Kieth, 1907a) quadrangles the hornblende gneiss and found many diverse rock types in areas of Keith's schist occur only as scattered narrow belts within a Cranberry Granite near Hot Springs, N.C., and in broad area predominantly of mica gneiss. In the north­ other areas also this unit probably includes many types eastern areas the hornblende and mica gneisses are of metamorphic and plutonic rock. commonly interlayered. Layers of each range in thick­ The age and stratigraphic relationships of the lay­ ness from a few inches to many feet and are parallel. ered granitic gneisses to other rocks in the Blue Eidge Many of the mica mines are in areas of such interlayered are not clear. Keith thought the Cranberry was younger rock. To the southwest this small-scale interlayering is than the gneisses of the Carolina and Eoan, but recent not so common. Near Franklin most of the hornblende workers in the Spruce Pine area have interpreted the gneiss is restricted to lenses and tabular bodies of Cranberry as interlayered with the mica and horn­ massive gneiss. Some of these units cut the layering and blende gneisses in a transition zone and consider the foliation of the mica gneiss. Cranberry to be the oldest unit of a thick sedimentary Metamorphism and deformation have so obscured sequence that has been metamorphosed and granitized the original character of the interlayered mica and horn­ (Brobst, 1955, p. 581; Eckelmann and Kulp, 1956). blende gneiss and schist units that little can be said Bryant (1962, p. D14) also recognized a mixed zone about their origin. The well-layered mica schist and between Cranberry Gneiss and the mica and horn­ gneiss units were probably argillaceous and quartzose blende gneisses and suggests that the transitional rocks sediments. According to Hadley and Goldsmith (1963, are a migmatite zone and the Cranberry a more granit­ p. B12), the presence of feldspar and mafic minerals and ized part of that zone. Because of structural complica­ the absence of rocks with more than 65 percent quartz tions, it is uncertain whether or not the Cranberry indicate that the sediments may have been muddy or Gneiss lies stratigraphically below the mica and horn­ feldspathic sandstone or graywacke or that they con- blende gneisses (Bryant, 1962, p. D14). 269-720 67 2 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE! BLUE, RIDGEi IN* NORTH CAROLINA

GRANITE ANT* NONLAYERED GRANITIC GNEISS Granite, Carolina Gneiss, and Beech Granite. The Large masses of lower Precambrian nonlayered Wilson Creek Gneiss has an average composition of granitic gneiss and gneissic granite are found within quartz-monzonite and is generally a light-gray medium layered gneiss along the western edge of the Blue Ridge to coarse-grained cataclastic rock. Veins and pods of belt and as isolated areas in the Grandfather Mountain pegmatite are abundant, but in general are too small window and in the southeastern part of the Great to justify prospecting or minmg. The pegmatite consists Smoky Mountains. The layered granitic gneiss unit of quartz, microcline, and albite; the maximum grain also contains numerous other smaller bodies of non- size is 4 inches (Bryant, 1962, p. D6). According to layered gneiss not mapped by Keith and too small to Bryant (1962, p. D20), the Wilson Creek Gneiss formed show on plate 1. The larger bodies of nonlayered gneiss as a massive granitic rock, but its genetic relationship in the layered gneiss were mapped by Keith as Beech to other lower Precambrian rocks is not known. Granite in the Cranberry and Roan Mountain quad­ Nonlayered and layered granite gneisses also occur rangles (Keith, 1903, 1907c) and as Max Patch Granite in the basement complex in the southeastern part of in the Asheville and Greeneville quadrangles (Keith, the Great Smoky Mountains. Around Bryson City, 1904, 1905a). Recent work by Bryant (1962, p. D15) N.C., the granite gneiss is a fine- to coarse-grained indicates that "the Beech Granite is a coarse-grained equigranular to markedly inequigranular rock that inequigranular white to light-pink, cataclastic granite ranges in composition from granite to granodiorite or quartz-monzonite gneiss." According to Bryant, no (Cameron, 1951, p. 10). Inclusions of biotite and pegmatite has been found in the Beech Granite of the hornblende schist and gneiss and layered granitic rocks type area on Beech Mountain west of Boone. The rich in biotite and hornblende also are found in the Beech Granite is probably intrusive into the Cranberry complex. The different rock units represent intrusive Gneiss (Keith, 1903, p. 3; Bryant, 1962, p. D16). rocks of different ages and granitized metasediments. A similar nonlayered granite gneiss occurs in elongate All the rocks have been metamorphosed and deformed masses and irregular bodies along the edge of the Blue after intrusion (Cameron, 1951, p. 10). Pegmatite Ridge belt northwest of Asheville. Keith (1904, p. 4) bodies ranging from thin seams to large irregular and named this gneiss the Max Patch Granite after typical tabular masses as much as 500 feet in length occur in exposures on Max Patch Mountain in Madison County, the complex and in the metasediments that surround N.C. He described the gneiss as a light-gray to red the complex. The pegmatite fills fractures formed after coarse-grained granite gneiss which in places contains development of the granite complex and seems to be feldspar that is altered to epidote and saussurite (Keith, related more to the later regional metamorphism than 1904, p. 4). Bradley (1874) applied the term "un- to the formation of the granite (Cameron, 1951, p. 42). akite" to some of the more altered Max Patch Granite Granitic rocks east and northeast of Bryson City that consisted of epidote, orthoclase, and quartz. are described by Hadley and Goldsmith (1963, p. According to Keith, the Max Patch Granite intrudes B13-B24) as biotite flaserand augen gneisses that have the layered granite gneiss (Keith, 1904, p. 4). a composition of quartz monzonite and granodiorite. Oriel (1950, p. 31-33) found little true granite in Small layers of mica gneiss, hornblende gneiss, and areas mapped as Cranberry and Max Patch near Hot migmatite are common. A few lenses and irregular Springs, N.C. In Haywood County along the eastern bodies of sheared pegmatite ranging in width from edge of the Great Smoky Mountains and southwest several inches to several feet occur in the granitic of Hot Springs, Hadley and Goldsmith (1963, p. rocks in the Dellwood area (Hadley and Goldsmith, B13-B14) mapped as basement complex an area of 1963, p. B20). The principal minerals are pink potassium plutonic rocks that is continuous with a large area in feldspar, subordinate plagioclase and quartz, and the adjoining Asheville quadrangle mapped by Keith scarce biotite and garnet. (1904). They described a finer grained phase of the UPPEB PBECAMBBIAN BOCKS plutonic series that roughly corresponds to Keith's Cranberry Granite and a coarser phase that corresponds BAKERSVHJLE GABBRO to what he mapped as Max Patch. They also found The term Bakersville Gabbro was first used by Keith small bodies of pegmatite rich in pink or flesh-colored (1903) for rocks on Hump Mountain in the southwestern potassium feldspar and generally sheared (Hadley part of the Cranberry quadrangle. The name is taken and Goldsmith, 1963, p. B14, B20). from exposures near Bakersville, Mitchell County, Recently, Bryant (1962, p. D5) has named the N.C., where an extensive area is underlain by similar nonlayered gneiss within the Grandfather Mountain rocks (Kulp and Brobst, 1953). According to Bryant window the Wilson Creek Gneiss. This unit includes (1962, p. D16-D17), the rock on Hump Mountain is a rocks that Keith (1903, p. 3) mapped as Cranberry dark-gray to black, massive to schistose, and locally GEOLOGY porphyritic, metagabbro. Labradorite, monoclinic py­ graywackes. These rocks contain some quartz veins roxene, and opaque minerals are present in the less and quartz-microcline veinlets but no large pegmatites. metamorphosed parts, and hornblende, garnet, calcic PALEOZOIC SEDIMENTARY BOCKS oligoclase-andesine, monoclinic pyroxene, biotite and opaque minerals are found in the recrystallized parts. CHTLHOWEE GROUP Wilcox and Poldervaart (1958) describe similar meta­ Quartzite, phyllite, and arkosic quartzite of the gabbro from near Bakersville as part of a large dike Chilhowee Group of Early Cambrian (?) and Early swarm. Cambrian age and the Shady Dolomite of Early The Bakersville Gabbro intrudes both the layered Cambrian age are exposed in a thrust sheet below granitic gneiss and the interlayered mica-hornblende rocks of the basement complex in the Grandfather gneiss. The gabbro is younger than the early plutonic Mountain window east of the Spruce Pine district metamorphism but older than the late regional meta- (Bryant and Reed, 1962). More complete sections of morphism (Kulp and Poldervaart, 1956, p. 399). unmetamorphosed Chilhowee Group, Shady Dolomite, A few bodies of metagabbro were also mapped by and Rome Formation (Lower Cambrian) are exposed Keith (1904) near Alexander and Stocksville in Bun­ in thrust sheets and windows in the Unaka Mountains combe County. This gabbro Keith considered to be to the northwest (Oriel, 1950; King and Ferguson, related to the hornblende gneiss of his Roan Gneiss 1960). None of these formations contains pegmatites. and older than the Bakersville Gabbro which he con­ ROCKS OP THE MURPHY MARBLE BELT sidered unmetamorphosed. These bodies of metagabbro Metasedimentary rocks consisting of phyllite, schist, are not shown on plate 1. quartzite, and marble that are distinctly different from OCOEE SERIES the Ocoee Series occur in an elongate area southwest of Metasedimentary rocks of the Ocoee Series of late(?) Bryson City (Keith, 1907a; Van Horn, 1948; King, Precambrian age make up most of the Great Smoky 1955, p. 363). These rocks have been interpreted as a Mountains and also occur in smaU downfolded areas in downfolded mass of Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks the Blue Ridge belt (King, 1955, p. 360). Because (Keith, 1907a), as windows of Chilhowee rocks in the detailed information is lacking, the smaller downfolded Great Smoky overthrust sheet (Stose andJStose, 1944, areas of Ocoee or equivalent rocks are not shown p. 377), and as older metasedimentary rocks of the Ocoee separately in the broad area of mica and hornblende Series (Van Horn, 1948, p. 20). According to Van Horn gneiss on plate 1. The metasedimentary rocks include (1948, p. 7-8), small masses of fine-grained pegmatite variably metamorphosed conglomerate, sandstone, and consisting of plagioclase, quartz, and muscovite, are siltstone and have been divided into three groups and "distributed in migmatitic fashion" in mica schist near a number of formations (King and others, 1958). Where the center of the belt. highly metamorphosed, the metasedimentary rocks CAMBRIAN AND ORDOVICIAN ROCKS closely resemble the schists and gneisses of the older Along the western edge of the Unaka belt, relatively mica gneiss unit, but they contain no hornblende unmetamorphosed sedimentary rocks of Cambrian and gneiss layers (Hadley and Goldsmith, 1963; King, Ordovician age occur in windows and thrust sheets. 1955, p. 360). Southeast of the kyanite isograd shown No pegmatite deposits are associated with these rocks. on plate 1, the metasedimentary rocks contain small scattered pegmatite lenses; locally, as around Bryson PALEOZOIC (P) INTRUSIVE BOCKS City, large masses of pegmatite are found in the Ocoee ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS Series (Cameron, 1951; Hadley and Goldsmith, 1963, More than 275 bodies of ultramafic rock, mostly p. B104). The boundary between metasedimentary dunite but including other varieties of peridotite and Ocoee rocks and the mica gneiss unit is not weU estab­ pyroxenite, and associated soapstone and amphibolite lished in the Alarka, Cowee, and Nantahala Mountains derived from them, are scattered throughout the Blue southwest of Dillsboro. Ridge belt hi the layered granitic gneiss and the mica Metasedimentary rocks that may be equivalent to and hornblende gneisses (Hunter, 1941, p. 11). These the Ocoee Series have been mapped in the Grand­ ultramafic deposits are not shown on plate 1, but are father Mountain window (Bryant, 1962, p. D9) and shown on the maps by Keith (1903, 1904, 1905b, parts of the northeastern Tennessee (King and Fergu- 1907a-c), Cameron (1951), Brobst (1962). Bryant son, 1960, p. 29-32), but in those areas they contain (1962), and Hadley and Goldsmith (1963). Most of the interbedded mafic and felsic volcanic rocks. In the unaltered ultramafic rocks are dunites consisting of Grandfather Mountain area the metasedimentary olivine and minor assessory minerals. Pratt and Lewis rocks are low-rank phyllites, arkosic quartzites, and (1905, p. 28-34) describe 15 other kinds of ultramafic 8 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE EIDGE IQST NORTH CAROLINA rocks that contain various proportions of olivine, 1952, p. 8-11; Brobst, 1962, p. A10-A11; Bryant, 1962, pyroxene, and amphibole, and several types of rock p. D18-D19), and dome-shaped bodies of medium- formed by secondary alteration. Contacts between grained massive granite intrude similar rocks in the ultramafic rock and the enclosing gneiss and schist are northern part of Wilkes County and adjacent Alle- relatively sharp and generally roughly concordant ghany County (Watson, 1910, p. 152; Stuckey and (Pratt and Lewis, 1905, p. 26; Hadley, 1949, p. 113; Conrad, 1958, p. 22). Pegmatites, some of them associ­ Miller, 1953, p. 1137). The outer edges of most ultramafic ated with the larger masses of granitic rock, are common rocks are altered and sheared, and even the fresh in the mica and hornblende gneiss unit (pi. 1). Other dunite in the larger masses is generally granulated. dikes and sills of trondhjemite (Hadley and Goldsmith, Where cut by joints and faults, the dunite is altered to 1963, p. B71), prophyritic quartz monzonite and leu- chlorite, talc, vermiculite, asbestos, or serpentine. cogranite (Cameron, 1951, p. 12), and granite (Olson Many of the ultramafic deposits are only a few feet and others, 1946, p. 5-6) are widely scattered throughout or few tens of feet wide and a few hundred feet long; the district but are not shown on plate 1. but one of the largest masses is 2,000 feet wide and None of these intrusions is dated accurately, but at 8,000 feet long and covers an area of 300 acres on Buck least some of them are probably Paleozoic. Age deter­ Creek in Clay County. This deposit consists chiefly of minations reported for minerals from several pegmatites dunite (90 percent), but includes troctolite (8 percent) and the Whiteside Granite range from 170 to 708 and some edenite-amphibolite; it has been mined for million years (table 1), but these dates may reflect the corundum (Hadley, 1949). Another extensive deposit final metamorphism and not the time of original forms a ringlike structure 6 miles long and 3.5 miles crystallization. wide between Addie and Webster in Jackson County. WHITESIDE GRANITE According to Miller (1953, p. 1137), the principal rock The Whiteside Granite was named by Keith (1907b, types there are dunite, websterite, and enstatite p. 4) from exposures on Whiteside Mountain in Jack­ pyroxenite. son County. Similar dome-shaped masses of granite The age of the ultramafic rocks is not well established, mixed with gneiss occur in adjacent parts of Macon but it is probably early Paleozoic. The ultramafic rocks and Transylvania Counties (pi. 1). The areas that are younger than the gneisses that they intrude, but, Keith mapped as Whiteside contain numerous sills, they are also deformed (Cameron, 1951, p. 9; Miller, dikes, and irregular mass of granite interlayered with 1953, p. 1134; Hadley and Goldsmith, 1963, p. B73). In and cutting mica gneiss. Gneiss in contact with granite several places in the Spruce Pine district, and in generally contains much added feldspar and quartz, Buncombe and Jackson Counties dunite is cut by later and has been described as migmatite (Olson, 1952, granitic pegmatites. Hadley and Goldsmith (1963, p. 5) or lit-par-lit injection gneiss (Sharp and Alien, p. B74) consider the metamorphosed ultramafic bodies 1938). The granite itself probably has a range in com­ in the eastern Great Smoky Mountains to be younger position: Heinrich (1953, p. 75) describes it as a tonalite- than the Ocoee Series, although nowhere are ultramafic granodiorite, and Griffitts and Overstreet (1952, p. 787) bodies found cutting rocks of the Ocoee Series. call it a biotite-muscovite-quartz monzonite. The rock The dunite masses have been an important source of is composed of potassium feldspar, plagioclase, quartz, corundum (Pratt and Lewis, 1905, p. 358-368), a minor muscovite, and biotite in various proportions (Olson, source of chromite, and more recently, a major source 1952, p. 3). Minor amounts of magnetite, ilmenite, of olivine for refractories (Hunter, 1941). Some vermic­ pyrite, garnet, zircon, and monazite form the principal ulite (Murdock and Hunter, 1946) and anthophyllite accessory minerals. The color is typically white or light asbestos (Bryant, 1962, p. D28) have also been mined gray but becomes darker where the biotite content is from altered deposits. greatest. Some of the granite is massive, but much of it is weakly foliated. GRANITIC ROCKS AND PEGMATITE Little detailed information about the Whiteside Younger granitic rocks and pegmatite intrude the Granite has been published. Differences in heavy basement complex throughout much of the Blue Ridge. mineral content and mode of occurrence between The largest bodies are the masses of quartz monzonitic several masses suggest different rocks of more than one to granodioritic composition that Keith (1907b) mapped age of intrusion (W. R. Grimtts, written commun., as Whiteside Granite in parts of Jaskson, Macon, and 1964). Lead-alpha determinations on monazite and Transylvania Counties. Smaller masses of coarse­ zircon from the Whiteside range from 358 to 708 million grained muscovite granodiorite, often times called years (table 1) and are not definitive. The age of the alaskite, intrude mica and hornblende gneiss in the Whiteside may therefore be Precambrian, Paleozoic, Spruce Pine district (Olson, 1944, p. 22-25; Parker, or both. A Paleozoic(?) age is used in this report. GEOLOGY 9 TABLE 1. Age determinations on various minerals from the Blue Ridge of North Carolina and Tennessee Age of mineral, in millions of years Source rock Location Mineral Reference U-'3S/ TJ235/ Pbaw/ Th232/ Rb«V K«/ Lead- U/Pb Pb2(l6 Pb>07 Pb2oe Pb208 Si 87 Ar*« alpha chemical North Carolina Spruce Pine district: Avery County: C. 348±17 Deuser and Herzog, Ridge. 1962, p. 1999. Mitchell County: Abernathy mine . _ 3ll±16 Do. 340±20 Do. Chestnut Flat mine- 385 390 400±50 Aldrich and others, 1958, p. 1128. Uraninite. . 370 375 420±50 Do. 375 335 Do. Potassium 385 Do. feldspar. 340 F0yn, 1938, p. 18; Rodgers, 1952, p. 418. 580 Bliss, 1944; Rodgers, 1952, p. 421. Flat Rock mine ..... 350 Hillebrand, 1891, p. 65-67; Rodgers, 1952, p. 419. 370 Do. 340 Boltwood, 1907, p. 79; Rodgers, 1952, p. 418. Uraninite __ 344±4 346±5 372±15 Eckelmann and Kulp, 1957, p. 1124. 355±20 Do. 278 Carr and Kulp, 1957, p. 776. 334±15 Long and others, 1959, p. 594. McKinney mine. Samarskite --. 367±18 353±20 300±40 400±80 Eckelmann and Kulp, 1957, p. 1124. Pegmatite Sa:marskite_-- 314±10 316±10 342±20 302±30 Do. 334±15 Long and others, 1959; p. 594. 348±15 Do. 231 Carr and Kulp, 1957, p. 776. 242 Do. 248 Carr and Kulp, 1957, p. 776.

341±13 Long and others, 1959, p. 594. Stony Point ------310 Von Foullon, 1883, p. 7; Rodgers, 1952, p. 419. Wisemanmine..- _ Samarskite-.^ 307±6 312±13 380±80 205±50 Eckelmann and Kulp, 1957 p. 1124. Specific localities Alter and McColley, not given. Outside 330 1942; Rodgers, layer. 1952, p. 418. Middle 340 layer. 350 282±13 292±17 405±60 170±10 Eckelmann and Kulp, 1957, p. 1124. 355±20 Do. Yancey County: Muscovite . - 328±18 Deuser and Herzog, Mudhole mine. 1962, p. 1999. Wilkes County: Muscovite. _._. 334±17 Deuser and Herzog, Haw mine. 1962, p. 1999. Caldwell County: Muscovite __ 317±15 Do. Me Gee mine. See footnotes at end of table. 10 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA TABLE 1. Age determinations on various minerals from the Blue Ridge of North Carolina and Tennessee Continued Age of mineral, in millions of years Source rock Location Mineral Reference UM8/ U«M/ Pb-07/ Thasa/ Rb«/ K«/ Lead- U/Pb Pb206 Pb-or pb-M Pb208 Sr« Ar« alpha chemical North Carolina Con. Madison County: Mars 290 Carr and Eulp, 1957, Hill. 776. Feldspar _ __ 293 Do. «600 Marble, 1936; Rodgers 1952, p. 421. Monazite _ <680 Do. < 620 Lane, 1937, p. 58; Rodgers, 1952, p. 42 Monazite ______4650 4 235±70 Eckelmann and Eulp, 1957, p. 1125. Pegmatite Con. Franklin-Sylva district: Jackson County: Gay 348±13 Long and others, prospect. 1959, p. 594. Macon County: Grindstafl mine _____ Biotite - 256±14 Deuser and Herzog, 1962, p. 1999. Muscovite _ -_ 508±27 Do. 293±15 Do. Muscovite _ .. 512±28 Do. Swain County: Deep 287 Carr and Kulp, 1957, Creek No. 1, Bryson p. 776. City district. Feldspar. _ _- 296 Do. 340±13 Long and others, 1959, p. 594. Jackson County: 3% 689 Jafle and others, miles west of 1959, p. 115-116. Cashiers. Monazite___ ... 358 Do. Macon County: On U.S. Highway 368 Do. Whiteside Granite 64, north edge of Highlands. 5 miles west of 413 Do. Highlands. Monazite_. _ 437 Do. Zircon __ ... 708 Do. Rocks of Murphy Cherokee County: Biotite... _____ 373 Eulp and Eckel­ marble belt Andrews. mann, 1961, p. 409. (Valleytown Formation) Swain County: 5.6 Biotite. ______382 Kulp and Eckel­ miles southeast of mann, 1961, p. 409. Newfound Gap. Tennessee Ocoee Group Polk County: Route 64 near Duck- Biotite _____ 329±13 434±15 Long and others, town. 1959, p. 595. 327 Eulp and Eckel­ mann, 1961, p. 409.

Metadiabase North Carolina Biotite _.____ 433±15 Long and others. (Bakersville 1959, p. 594. Gabbro?) Mitchell County: Red Biotite ___ _ 457±21 Do. Hill. Madison County: Zircon. ____ 880 Carroll and others, Max Patch Southeastern Great 1957, p. 187. Granite Smoky Mountains (Max Patch Moun­ tain). __3 Granitoid Haywood County: Dell- Zircon_____ 535 Hadley and Gold­ gneiss wood quadrangle. smith, 1963, p. B24. _oE4 Tennessee Biotite ______439±17 418±16 Long and others, Beech Carter County: 1959, p. 594, 587. Granite Route 19E near Feldspar ______572±29 Do. Hopson. 555 M685 700 425 Tilton and others, 1959, p. 174. f5? Biotite- __ .. 420 380 Do. North Carolina ag Nonlayered granitic Avery Connty: Old 700 725 800±50 680 Davis and others, gneiss quarry by road west 1962, p. 1991. io> of Crossnore. Hornblende _ 840±25 Hart, 1961, p. 2999. Watauga County: 990 1,010 1,055 1,000 Davis and others, Augen gneiss Roadcut, U.S. 321 1962, p. 1991. bypass, north side of Bowing Roek. Quartz mon- Caldwell County, 800 860 1,020 670 Davis and others, zonite quarry near Mortimer. 1962, p. 1991. gneiss Biotite. ______350 Do. See footnotes at end of table. GEOLOGY 11 TABLE 1. Age determinations on various minerals from the Blue Ridge of North Carolina and Tennessee Continued

Age of mineral, in millions of years Source rock Location Mineral Reference U«M/ TIM*/ Pb»/ Th»V Rb"/ K«/ Lead- U/Pb Pbson Pb»' Pbsoe Pb*°8 Sr" Ar« alpha chemical

Tennessee Layered granitic Carter County: gneiss Biotite __ . _ 357±13 Long and others, (Cranberry 1959, p. 594, 587. Gneiss) Route 19E, near Biotite ____ 527±18 Do. Hopson. Route 19E, near 719±25 640±22 Do. Hampton. Biotite - _ 648±22 Do. Biotite- _ . _ 674±22 Do.

North Carolina Madison County: 2.2 Biotite...... 695±23 Do. miles southwest of White Rock. Tennessee Carter County: Pardee Biotite 892±30 800±27 Do. Point. 670 735 940±50 360 Tilton and others, 1959, p. 174; Davis and others, 1962, p. 1991. 890 770 Do. 980 1,060 1,230 1,080 Do. Biotite __ . 880 Do. Laurel Gap, rare-earth 585 640 820 360 Davis and others, vein cutting gneiss. 1962, p. 1991. North Carolina MitcheU County: 1,080 1,140 1,270 950 Tilton and others, Dayton Bend. 1959, p. 174. Biotite...... 350 320 Do. Avery County: Road- 810 660 Davis and others, cut on Dark Ridge 1962, p. 1991. Creek. Mica gneiss and Ashe County: Ore 1,130 Thomas, 1963, p. 110. schist zone, Ore Knob (Carolina Gneiss of mine. 320 465 Do. Keith) Mitchell County: Muscovite 341±13 Long and others, Gneiss, McKinney and Biotite. 1959, p. 594. mine. Buncombe County: Biotite . .... 330±13 357±13 Do. Gneiss, Stocksville. Jackson County: Biotite 333±15 438±14 Do. Gneiss, near Gay. Haywood County, 344 Kulp and Eckel- Waynesville. rnann, 1961, p. 409. 4 miles west of Soco Biotite- _ 359 Do. Gap. Macon County: 307 Do. Biotite schist, 6.3. 620 Jaffe and others, miles east of 1959, p. 118. Franklin. 590 Do.

1 Before leaching with HC1. * After leaching with HC1. ' Determinations made on three layers of a single crystal. * Same material used by Marble, Lane, and Eckelmann and Kulp. MOSCOVITE GRANODIORITE OF SPRTTCE PIHE DISTRICT were called granite by Keith (1905b) and Watts (1913, The granitic intrusives of the Spruce Pine district p. 106) and alaskite by Hunter (1940, p. 98), Olson are important sources of feldspar, scrap mica, and clay, (1944, p. 22), and Brobst (1962, p. AlO). Parker (1952, and as such, they have been studied extensively in p. 9) used the term "leucogranodiorite, fine-grained recent years (Hunter, 1940; Olson, 1944; Parker, 1946, pegmatite," and Bryant (1962, p. D18) used "grano- 1952; Brobst, 1962; Bryant, 1962). These intrusives diorite." The term "muscovite granodiorite" is used 12 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUB RIDGE ESP NORTH CAROLINA

here because the plagioclase content of these rocks is of the pegmatites in each district are given in the generally greater than the microcline content, but sections on the individual districts. muscovite is present rather than the biotite or horn­ In the Blue Ridge as a whole, the mica-bearing peg­ blende of a normal granodiorite. Locally, where the matites are tabular (65 percent), lenticular (25 percent), microcline content is larger, the rock may approach the or irregular (10 percent). They range in size from thin composition of a quartz monzonite. seams a few inches thick to large masses several hundred According to Brobst (1962, p. A10), the average feet thick and more than 1,000 feet long, About half mineral content of the granodiorite is oligoclase (40 of the deposits are discordant with the foliation of the percent), quartz (25 percent), perthitic-microcline (20 enclosing country rock, but the pegmatites in the percent), and muscovite (15 percent). Accessory min­ northeastern part tend to be concordant, and those in erals that make up less than 5 percent of the rock the southwest discordant. The mineralogy is similar include biotite, garnet, apatite, allanite, epidote, throughout the area; plagioclase, quartz, perthitic micro­ thulite, pyrite, and pyrrhotite. Grain size ranges from cline, and muscovite are the principal minerals. Biotite % to 1 inch and averages more than % inch. Locally, and garnet are common accessory minerals, and apatite, large crystals of perthite may be 1 foot or more in beryl, pyrite, and tourmaline are less common. Other length. Much of the rock is sufficiently coarse grained to accessory minerals are sparse but Sterrett (1923, be called a fine-grained pegmatite (Olson, 1944, p. 22; p. 171) listed 65 different minerals associated with the Parker, 1952, p. 9), and all gradations between coarse­ pegmatites. The Spruce Pine district may have a greater grained light-colored granodiorite and pegmatite occur variety of accessory minerals than the other districts. (Bryant, 1962, p. D18). The occurrence and origin of some of the accessory The granodiorite is intruded into the mica and horn­ minerals are described by Hall (1933; 1934), Ross blende gneiss units as sills, dikes, and irregular masses (1937), and Heinrich (1950). in several parts of Avery, Mitchell, and Yancey Coun­ Grain size throughout the area ranges from fine ties (pi. 1). The largest mass is near Spruce Pine and is (less than 1 in.) to very coarse (more than 1 ft) in many at least 4,000 feet wide and 2 miles long (Brobst, 1962, individual deposits. Perthite crystals are commonly 1 p. A10). Numerous gneiss and schist inclusions are foot across and rarely as large as 4 or 5 feet across. present in all the granodiorite bodies, especially near Muscovite crystals are generally less than 1 foot across, the margins. Parts of the larger bodies are massive, but some are larger than 3 feet across. Plagioclase but most have a crude foliation or layered structure masses are rarely greater than 1 foot across, and quartz produced by parallel mica flakes and streaks of quartz, grains are generally less than 1 inch. Other minerals feldspar, and garnet. The foliation is generally parallel are generally in masses or crystals that are at most a with the regional trends of the gneiss and schist. few inches across. The internal structure of the Blue Ridge pegmatites PEGMATITE is simple. Many have a homogeneous distribution of Mica-bearing pegmatites occur throughout the eastern minerals throughout, but some zoning of minerals and half of the Blue Ridge province in North Carolina texture has been reported in about 40 percent of the (fig. 1 and pi. 1), but they are concentrated in the deposits and zoning may be present in more. The most Spruce Pine and Franklin-Sylva districts. Pegmatites common zones are a thin border zone of fine-grained are restricted in general to the mica and hornblende pegmatite, a wall zone of fine- to coarse-grained feldspar, gneiss units of the basement complex and, locally, to quartz, and muscovite, and a quartz or quartz-perthite areas of the Ocoee Series where such rocks have been core. Intermediate zones with blocky plagioclase or regionally metamorphosed to at least the kyanite- perthite are found in a few deposits. muscovite subfacies of the amphibolite facies. Some Poorly zoned deposits contain mica scattered through­ also occur in granite and granodiorite. The region out their widths or may contain mica-rich shoots. probably contains many more pegmatite bodies than Zoned deposits generally have sheet mica concentrated are shown on plate 1, but these bodies are apt to be in wall zones or along the margins of the core in inter­ small or mica poor. mediate zones. Many such deposits have mica-rich The pegmatites throughout the region are generally shoots, commonly in bulges or rolls in the pegmatite- similar, but there are minor differences within and wallrock contacts. Such shoots generally plunge parallel between districts. The principal variations are in color to the plunge of minor structures in the wallrock. of muscovite, kinds and amounts of accessory minerals, Most deposits that have been mined at a profit contain and degree of conformity to the structure of the wall- mica-rich zones or mica-rich shoots. All parts of a zone rock. More detailed descriptions of the characteristics may not be equally rich; the mica-rich rock may be GEOLOGY 13 only along the hanging-wall side of the pegmatite or, the end products of crystallization -differentiation of a rarely, along the footwall side. large granitic batholith at depth. Their simple miner- All the mica-bearing pegmatites in the Blue Kidge alogic composition falls in the low temperature part of probably have a similar mode of origin. The pegmatites the albite-orthoclase-quartz system, as determined by are similar in composition and probably in age. They Tuttle and Bowen (1958, p. 55), and they generally occur in similar structural relationships in a variety of lack minerals containing such rare elements as boron, wallrocks throughout the area. Composition of the wall- beryllium, cesium, fluorine, lithium, niobium, and rock has only minor influence on composition of tantalum that might be expected in the late differenti­ pegmatite: pegmatites in metamorphic rocks espe­ ates of a large granitic intrusion. The occurrence of cially hornblende gneiss have somewhat more iron pegmatites only in areas where the metamorphic grade and calcium and slightly less potassium than do peg­ has reached at least the kyanite-muscovite subfacies matites in granodiorite (Olson, 1944, p. 36). The same of the almandine amphibolite facies of regional meta­ sequence of mineral zones in all zoned deposits and the morphism suggests that high pressure and temperature general increase in grain size from the walls inward in conditions in the environment were an important both zoned and unzoned deposits are typical of granitic control in the localization of the pegmatites. The pegmatites in general (Cameron and others, 1949) and pegmatites may well have formed by local melting of are a part of the evidence for magmatic crystallization. constitutents of the metamorphic rocks at still greater The fluid from which the pegmatites crystallized was depth. Their crystallization, however, was also under clearly intruded into the country rock to form both the deep-seated conditions, for mica-bearing pegmatites concordant and the discordant bodies. The discordant are absent in the layered granitic gneiss where it was bodies occupy fractures, joints, or faults, and a slight metamorphosed only to the biotite-albite grade near alteration and contortion of country rocks along folia­ the Grandfather Mountain area (Bryant, 1962, p. tion planes beyond the ends of some concordant bodies D21-D22), the muscovite-chlorite or biotite-chlorite mark possible channelways for the movement of grade along the Watauga River (Hamilton, 1960, p. magma. Some of these foliation planes probably are 24), or to similar low grades in parts of the eastern sites of "bedding plane" faulting. Great Smoky Mountains (Hadley and Goldsmith, Crystallization probably took place in virtually a 1963, p. B104-B106). closed system with little addition or loss of material to Possibly the larger intrusives of the Spruce Pine and or from the wallrocks, except for water and other Cashiers districts were also the result of local melting volatiles. Plagioclase, plagioclase-quartz, or plagioclase- and migration of small masses of granitic magma in an quartz-muscovite crystallized first in the fine-grained area of high-grade regional metamorphism, and owe selvage or border zone. Larger book muscovite con­ their size to greater heat and pressure that gave rise to tinued to crystallize with plagioclase and quartz to form larger masses of magma. Pegmatites associated with these the wall zone of a zoned pegmatite or all of a simple intrusives contain a greater variety and abundance of unzoned pegmatite. Microcline began to crystallize rare elements than the average pegmatite in the Blue later than muscovite, and in many pegmatites the bulk Ridge area a result of some differentiation in a of the interior consists of plagioclase-microcline- magmatic source. quartz-muscovite rock. In some deposits the greater All the pegmatites in the Blue Ridge have under­ part of the microcline crystallized after the other min­ gone some deformation after crystallization. Brecciated erals and forms a nearly pure perthite core or inter­ and rounded feldspar porphryoclasts, granulated quartz mediate zone. Quartz ordinarily continued to form until masses, and sheared muscovite books in a matrix of last and is the core in most zoned deposits. Most of the recrystallized fine-grained feldspar, quartz, and sericite few late fracture fillings consist mainly of quartz. are common in many deposits. Some deposits have a The source of the pegmatitic fluid is not well estab­ distinct foliation formed by layers of the finer grained lished in the Blue Ridge. In the Spruce Pine district minerals wrapped around larger crystals; other de­ many bodies of pegmatite are clearly related to the posits have a brecciated texture. Sheared books of granodiorite intrusives. Pegmatites in the Cashiers muscovite are bent, ruled, and cracked, and the edges district (Olson, 1952) have a close spacial and probable of some books are coated with crushed mica. Shear genetic relationship to the Whiteside Granite, and planes in the pegmatites in the Spruce Pine district those in the Franklin-Sylva area also may be related to commonly have grooves, slickensides, or alined mica that granite (Olson and others, 1946, p. 13). flakes that trend northwest parallel to a regional It is quite possible that most of the simple mica- northwest-trending a lineation in the country rock. bearing pegmatites in the Blue Ridge are related to a The outer parts of the muscovite granodiorite intrusives regional metamorphism of Paleozoic age and are not in the Spruce Pine district also are crudely foliated 14 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE EST NORTH GAROLINIA and sheared, and contain a similar northwest-trending FOLDS lineation. Maurice (1940, p. 63) also recognized this On the basis of reconnaissance mapping, Keith (1903, deformation and described five varieties of cataclastic 1904, 1905b, 1907a-c) described broad anticlinal and texture in Spruce Pine pegmatites. synclinal areas in the basement complex but was The amount of shearing in an individual pegmatite unable to delineate large folds because of the lack of is apparently controlled partly by structural attitude key beds in the mica and hornblende gneisses. As a and partly by wallrock lithology. Simple tabular result of recent mapping, Brobst (1962, p. A12) has pegmatites are generally not so strongly deformed as interpreted the Spruce Pine district as a complex contorted S-shaped ones. Pegmatites enclosed by thick southwest-plunging asymmetrical synclinorium with masses of coarse mica schist are less deformed than steeply dipping isoclinal folds on the northwest side those enclosed in mica or hornblende gneiss. and gently dipping more open folds on the southeast. Pegmatite bodies along the margin of the Spruce Bryant (1962, p. D25) and Reed (1964b) have found a Pine district, especially those near the contact between set of late northeast-trending gentle folds superposed interlayered mica and hornblende gneiss with layered on earlier northwest-trending isoclinal folds in rocks to granitic gneiss, are more intensely sheared than pegma­ the northeast of the Spruce Pine district. The mica and tites near the center of the district. hornblende gneiss and schist have been domed near Similar cataclastic structures are common in the peg­ large granodiorite intrusives in the Spruce Pine district matites in the other districts of the Blue Ridge province (Olson, 1944, p. 32) and around large masses of White- but have not been studied in detail. In general, how­ side Granite in the Cashiers district (Keith, 1907b, p. 4). ever, deformed mica books are more abundant in Smaller scale folds, both open and isoclinal, are visible pegmatites throughout the Blue Ridge than they are in outcrops and roadcuts in many parts of the Blue in similar pegmatites in the Piedmont province (Jahns Ridge. Such folds in the Bryson City area are described and others, 1952-53, p. 50). by Cameron (1951, p. 17-18) as second-order folds, The age of the deformation is not well known. Some and are found both in the metasedimentary rocks of the deformation may have occurred during the formation Ocoee Series and in the basement complex. Similar of the pegmatites; some is clearly related to local second-generation folds in the basement complex are faulting; however, much of it may be related to the also described by Hadley and Goldsmith (1963, p. period of regional deformation that followed the main B74-B95) for the eastern Great Smoky Mountains; period of regional metamorphism as outlined by Hadley they were able to map and distinguish several ages of and Goldsmith (1963, p. B107). folding in the less metamorphosed rocks of the Ocoee Series. STBUCTUBB FAULTS The structural features of the Blue Ridge are com­ plex and only partly known. Detailed mapping along Large thrust faults have been mapped along the the western edge in the areas of Ocoee and younger western edge of the basement complex (Keith, 1907a; rocks has outlined numerous folds, thrust faults, and Hadley and Goldsmith, 1963; Oriel, 1950; Rodgers, windows (pi. 1). The rocks of the basement complex, 1953; King and Ferguson, 1960) and around the Grand­ however, have not been studied in as much detail. father Mountain window (Bryant and Reed, 1962), The gneisses and schists throughout much of the but none have been shown within the basement com­ basement have been deformed and metamorphosed plex. A shear zone in the Spruce Pine district extends several times. Keith (1904, p. 3) recognized two from Penland to a few miles east of Little Switzerland periods of deformation of these rocks: one produced the in Mitchell County, but the amount of movement, if foliation, and the other folded and crushed the earlier any, is unknown (Brobst, 1962, p. A13). Small faults structures. Hamilton (1960, p. 22) recognized three of diverse attitudes are reported in the Spruce Pine episodes of deformation and metamorphism in the district (Parker, 1952, p. 16) and the Franklin-Sylva granitic gneisses in the basement complex along the district (Olsen and others, 1946, p. 6-7). Mylonite that Watauga River in Watauga and Avery Counties and may represent large faults is present in several areas two episodes of metamorphism near Old Fort, McDowell west and south of Franklin in Macon County, and County (Hamilton, 1957). Bryant and Reed (1962, Hamilton (1960, p. 26) reports mylonite and phyl- p. 171) found evidence for four periods of metamorphism lonite along faults in the basement rocks in north­ in the rocks of the Grandfather Mountain area. A eastern Tennessee. The small, but widely distributed, similar complex history is described for the basement faults are of several ages; some are older and some rocks in the eastern part of the Great Smoky Mountains younger than the pegmatites. In the Franklin-Sylva (Hadley and Goldsmith, 1963, p. B107). area many pegmatites are discordant bodies emplaced GEOLOGY 15 in fractures and faults, and even in the Spruce Pine thrust faulting. Details of the metamorphic history of district, pegmatites in fault zones are probably common the basement complex in northeast Tennessee are de­ (Amos, 1959, p. 34). Pegmatites cut by small faults are scribed by Hamilton (1960), in the Grandfather Moun­ common hi all the districts of the Blue Ridge. tain area by Bryant (1962), Bryant and Reed (1962), The larger Greenbrier fault mapped hi parts of the and Reed (1964b), and in the eastern Great Smoky Great Smoky Mountains is earlier than the main Mountains by Hadley and Goldsmith (1963). A sum­ Paleozoic regional metamorphism (Hadley and Gold­ mary of the metamorphic history of the Spruce Pine smith, 1963, p. B96), but its relation to the structures district has been made by Kulp and Poldervaart (1956), and the pegmatites in the Blue Ridge belt is not known. and a chronology of the major metamorphic events of the Blue Ridge is given by Long, Kulp, and Eckelmann BLUE RIDGE THRUST SHEET (1959) and Kulp and Eckelmann (1964). The recent mapping of the Grandfather Mountain The oldest metamorphism recognized is a plutonic window (Bryant, 1962; Bryant and Reed, 1962; episode of Precambrian age during which a thick se­ Bryant, 1963; Reed, 1964 a, b; Reed and Bryant, 1964) quence of sedimentary rocks was metamorphosed to indicates that the basement complex in the Spruce gneiss and schist (Bryant, 1962. p. D20; Hadley and Pine district west of the window is part of an over- Goldsmith, 1963, p. B23). Along the northwestern edge thrust mass that has moved to the northwest at least and hi the deeper parts of the section these rocks were 30 miles (Bryant and Reed, 1962, p. 162). No large transformed progressively into a more nearly granitic structural break is known or apparent from Keith's rock forming a series of layered granitic gneisses intruded reconnaissance mapping of the basement complex be­ by bodies of nonlayered granite and granodiorite. Age tween the Spruce Pine and the Franklin-Sylva dis­ determinations on zircons from both the layered and tricts (Keith, 1904, 1905b, 1907b), and it is quite nonlayered granitic gneiss (table 1) give discordant iso- probable that all the basement complex in the Blue topic ages, and have been interpreted to mean that the Ridge of North Carolina west of the Brevard belt is plutonic episode took place about 1,000-1,100 million part of a large thrust sheet. The amount of movement years ago (Tilton and others, 1959, p. 175). Age de­ of this thrust sheet may not be the same everywhere terminations on micas from the layered granitic gneiss along it, and it is not known which, if any, of the and the mica gneiss units yield younger ages and indi­ thrust faults exposed along the western edge of the cate the effects of later metamorphic events. Blue Ridge is the principal fault along which move­ This Precambrian metamorphism was followed by ment took place. Depth to the fault below most of the the deposition of the late(?) Precambrian Ocoee Blue Ridge is unknown. In the area between the Grand­ Series and then a period of early Paleozoic folding and father Mountain window and the Mountain City faulting in the Great Smoky area (Hadley and Gold­ window, Bryant and Reed (1962, p. 167) estimate a smith, 1963, p. B107). A second period of dynamother- depth of 5,000 feet, and they suggest a depth of 10,000 mal metamorphism then took place, probably during feet or more in the Spruce Pine district. The major the early or middle Paleozoic. In the Great Smoky thrust movement is inferred to be late Paleozoic region, sedimentary rocks of the Ocoee Series were (Bryant and Reed, 1962, p. 167). If so, it is younger metamorphosed to the chlorite grade in the west and than the mica pegmatites, and part of the deformation to higher grades in the southeast. Along the western of the pegmatites may be related to this period of edge of the Blue Ridge belt the basement rocks were faulting. retrograded at this time where the grade of the new METAMORPHISM metamorphic environment was less than that of the The basement complex in the Blue Ridge has been Precambrian plutonic metamorphism (Hamilton, 1960, metamorphosed several times, and the effects of older p. 22; Hadley and Goldsmith, 1963, p. B96-B107). periods of metamorphism are partly obscured by later In the central part of the Blue Ridge belt, where events. The following metamorphic and structural metamorphism reached the kyanite-staurolite sub- events, however, are recorded hi the Blue Ridge belt: facies of the amphibolite facies, the basement rocks (1) a plutonic episode in Precambrian tune about 1,000- were recrystallized and the Ocoee rocks were altered 1,100 million years ago; (2) a period of folding and fault­ to coarse schist and feldspathic gneiss. During this ing in the early Paleozoic; (3) a second period of dynamo- period of early or middle Paleozoic metamorphism the thermal metamorphism reaching a thermal maximum mica pegmatites were intruded in areas that reached in the early or middle Paleozoic; (4) another period of kyanite grade. Age determinations on a variety of regional deformation accompanied by fewer thermal minerals from these pegmatites (table 1) yield mostly effects, probably in mid-Paleozoic time; and (5) a late discordant dates that range from 170 to 420 million Paleozoic deformation that culminated in large scale years. Because all the pegmatites contain evidence of 16 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA. some postcrystallization deformation, these ages are perfect basal cleavage and form crystals that can be probably minimal, and the true age of the Blue Ridge split into thin sheets having various degrees of trans­ pegmatites may be 400-450 million years. Micas from parency, toughness, flexibility, and elasticity. The gneiss near or in the pegmatite districts also give micas are common minerals, but only muscovite is of discordant K/Ar and Rb/Sr ages that range from 330 commercial importance in North Carolina. to 438 million years. Two types of mica are sold: sheet mica, which must be According to Hadley and Goldsmith (1963, p. relatively flat, free from most defects, and be large B106), a period of regional deformation followed the enough so that it can be cut into specified sizes; and thermal maximum of the Paleozoic metamorphism in scrap mica, which is all mica that does not meet sheet the Great Smoky area. They found evidence for the mica specifications and is generally ground to a powder. development of slip cleavage, second generation folds, Small sheets of untrimmed mica of poorer quality that and some shearing and recrystallization but no im­ can be punched or trimmed into disks 1 inch or larger in portant mineralogic changes. A broad region involving diameter are classified as punch mica and are included Paleozoic and older rocks in the Grandfather Mountain in the general term "sheet mica." Sheet muscovite is an window and parts of the Blue Ridge thrust block important insulating material in the electronic and elec­ northwest and north of the window was also meta­ trical industries. Built-up mica made from very thin morphosed to a rather uniform biotite-albite grade sheets and reconstituted mica made from scrap can be after the thermal maximum had been reached in the substituted for larger sheet mica for some uses (Skow, basement complex in the Spruce Pine district to the 1962, p. 11). Scrap mica is used in the roofing, wall­ southwest (Bryant and Reed, 1962, p. 174-175). paper, rubber, paint, and other industries. Because of the possible overlapping of metamorphic SHEET MICA zones due to the late Paleozoic thrust faulting, the age Sheet-quality muscovite is obtained from the large of this low-rank metamorphism is not fully established. crystals or books scattered throughout unzoned peg­ Some of the observed effects may be related to a late matites or concentrated in certain units of zoned stage of the main Paleozoic metamorphism, and some pegmatites. The value of sheet mica depends on the may be related to the period of thrusting. Deformation color, size, and quality of the natural crystals. The of the pegmatites in the Blue Ridge probably is related manner in which the crystals are obtained by mining to this late deformation and may be the metamorphic and the care and skill of preparation are also important episode of 350 million years ago, recognized by Kulp factors affecting the value. and Eckelmann (1964). About 30 percent of the deposits in the Blue Ridge Little metamorphism accompanied the last major contain reddish-brown (ruby) muscovite, 24 percent period of deformation that culminated in the late contain brown (rum), and 34 percent green; the Paleozoic faulting and formation of the Blue Ridge remainder contain both ruby and green varieties. The thrust sheet. In the Great Smoky area, faulting during green mica is more likely to be associated with quartz the late Paleozoic is characterized by unrecrystallized cores and the reddish brown or brown with plagioclase- gouge and no obvious metamorphism (Hadley and rich rock. Deposits near or in granitic bodies tend to Goldsmith, 1963, p. B107). A similar lack of recrystal­ have green or greenish-brown mica, and those that are lization is noted along faults and mylonite of this age farther away tend to have brown or reddish brown. in northeast Tennessee (Hamilton, 1960, p. 26). In the Areal distribution of mica according to color has been Grandfather Mountain area some recrystallization to shown by Olson (1944, pi. 2) for the Spruce Pine district. biotite-albite grade seems to be related to the period of Crude books of mica must be at least 2 inches across faulting (Bryant and Reed, 1962, p. 175). Some of the to yield trimmed sheet mica. The average commercial faulting seen in pegmatites throughout the Blue Ridge book is about 5 inches across and about one-fifth to may be related to the late Paleozoic deformation. one-half as thick as it is wide. Blocks measuring 8-12 As noted by Bryant and Reed (1962, p. 175), the inches across are common. A few larger blocks that retrogressive metamorphism of rocks along the Brevard weigh 50-300 pounds are found. The largest block of fault constitutes a later metamorphic episode that muscovite reported from the Spruce Pine district was a followed the thrusting and preceded the emplacement book of "A" mica weighing 4,320 pounds from the of diabase dikes of Triassic(?) age. Fannie Gouge mine in Yancey County. It was 36 by 42 ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF PEGMATITE MINERALS inches across and 32 inches thick (Urban, 1932, p. 4). Another large block of mica weighing more than 4,000 MICA pounds was found in 1907 at the lotla Bridge mine in The principal mica minerals are muscovite (white), Macon County. It measured 29 by 36 inches across and biotite (black), and phlogopite (amber). All have a 48 inches thick (Sterrett, 1923, p. 235). ECONOMIC ASPECTS OP PEGMATITE MINERALS 17

The quality of sheet mica is determined by the of reeves intersect at an angle of nearly 60°, the result­ amount and kind of staining and the degree of struc­ ing mica is said to have "A" structure. "Herringbone" tural imperfections. Quality of sheet mica varies widely structure, which resembles a feather or fish skeleton, is within and between mica districts and even within a formed by two sets of reeves intersecting at an angle of single deposit or mica-rich shoot. Detailed discussions about 120° and characteristically flanking a central fine of the quality and classification of mica have been of reeves that is perpendicular to the trace of clinopina­ written by Jahns and Lancaster (1950) and Skow coidal faces (Jahns and Lancaster, 1950, p. 9). Wedge (1962), and only a brief summary is given here. structure is caused by interlayering of sheets of unequal The best sheet mica is clear, flat, and free of gas size. Wedge structure is commonly associated with "A" bubbles and mineral inclusions. Mica that contains and "herringbone" structure. primary or secondary inclusions or impurities is called Some muscovite books do not split freely and are stained mica. The primary impurities include air termed "locky," "tangled," or "tacky" (Jahns and bubbles, mottling, and mineral intergrowths and in­ Lancaster, 1950, p. 7). Such books generally have dis­ clusions; the secondary impurities include air creep; continuous sheets, partial intergrowth of sheets, or in­ clay, iron, and manganese oxide inclusions; and or­ ternal distortions, and are largely of scrap value only. ganic or vegetable stain (Jahns and Lancaster, 1950, Secondary structural defects include bending, crack­ p. 12). Specks, spots, and streaks of magnetite, hematite, ing, twisting, and ruling, ah1 caused by deformation of and pyrite occur sparsely or in dense concentrations the mica during or after crystallization. Bending ranges between sheets of stained mica in unweathered de­ from slight waves to right angle or S-shaped bends. posits. Films of clay, limonite, or manganese oxides coat Ruling is a secondary cleavage that cuts the basal the sheets of mica in some weathered deposits. Various cleavage at an angle of nearly 67°. Deformation of the kinds of staining occur in each district, and some indi­ mica in pegmatities of the Blue Ridge is common and vidual deposits contain both stained and clear mica. widespread. At least 40 percent of the deposits have Green mica is more commonly stained than reddish- some bent mica, and a third or more contain some ruled brown mica. Pegmatites that contain biotite tend to mica. have reddish-brown or brown muscovite that is free of In profitably mined pegmatites the book mica gen­ stain. Mineral stain occurs in about half the mines in erally constitutes 2-6 percent of the rock mined. Lo­ the Blue Ridge. cally, rich shoots or pockets may have as much as 40 Some muscovite crystals contain small intergrowths percent muscovite, but large volumes of pegmatite have or inclusions of other minerals, such as biotite, quartz, 2 percent or less. The recovery of good sheet mica from plagioclase, garnet, apatite, thulite, zoisite, epidote, tour­ the crude book mica varies with the type and quality of maline, and kyanite. Muscovite and biotite are gen­ the mica and the standards of mining, preparation, and erally intergrown with then1 cleavages par ah1 el, and grading. Complete quantitative data are not available, about 15 percent of the deposits in the Blue Ridge con­ but estimates of recovery of good trimmed mica from tain such intergrowths. Quartz and plagioclase occur crude mica range from 2 to 8 percent for the average interlayered with muscovite, and garnet occurs as mine and are as much as 19 percent from good quality flattened crystals or, more rarely, as euhedral inclusions crude mica in a few mines. between sheets of mica. The other minerals are generally Prices of sheet mica depend on the size and quality flattened parallel to the mica cleavage, but they pene­ of the sheet. In 1963 they ranged from 7 cents a pound trate the mica. Ah1 such mineral inclusions make for sheets 1^ inches across to $8 a pound for sheets 8 splitting the mica into sheets difficult and produce inches or more across. During World War II the holes in the sheets. Mica that contains mineral inclu­ Government support prices for ah1 sheets 1^ inches by sions that make splitting difficult is generally said to be 2 inches and larger ranged from $1.10 to $8 a pound. "tied." From 1952 to 1962 the Government prices ranged Structural defects of the mica crystals are also of from $15 to $17.70 a pound for sheets 1-2 square inches primary and secondary origin. The most common pri­ of ruby mica classified as good stained or better. mary defects are reeves and wedge structure. Reeves Sheets 3-6 square inches brought $40 a pound, and sheets are lines, striations, or shallow corrugations that lie in 10 square inches and larger brought the top price of the plane of the cleavage. They represent the edges of $70 a pound. Similar sized sheets of stained mica discontinuous sheets of mica, wrinkles in other sheets ranged from $5 to $7.55, $8 to $18.25, and $18 to that are alongside them, and the edges of individuals in $31.90; heavy stained mica ranged from $3 to $4, twinned crystals. Reeves are oriented perpendicular to $6 to $6.85, and $13 to $14.80. Nonruby of equivalent the traces of the prismatic and clinopinacoidal faces on quality generally sold for less. The somewhat erratic the basal surfaces of the mica crystals. Where two sets nature and small size of most mica concentrations, 18 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE! BLUE RIDGEi IN NORTH CAROLINA the great range of quality of material, the expense of that pinch and swell, mica may be more abundant mining, and the large amount of hand labor needed for either near the constrictions or in the swells. preparation limit sheet-mica mining to periods of Mica is generally more abundant near sharp bends very high prices. Since the end of the Government or rolls in the wallrock or along the crests of pipe- purchasing program in June 1962, little sheet mica like or tonguelike bodies. Mica may also be has been mined in North Carolina. concentrated along the hanging wall or the under­ Reserves of sheet mica cannot be calculated from side of a wallrock inclusion. the data available for no development work has pre­ 4. The size of the pegmatite body is also an important ceded mining, and no mica-bearing rock is blocked out. factor. Unzoned pegmatites 3-10 feet thick and An appraisal of the probable amount of mica remaining 100-200 feet long have been mined successfully in the ground, based on the premise that the abundance by removing all the pegmatite, but where sheet of pegmatite bodies at depth is almost certain to be muscovite is sparsely scattered throughout an virtually the same as at the surface, indicates that at unzoned body more than 20 feet thick, so much least as much mica remains as has been mined. The barren rock has to be removed that mining for finding and mining of this mica will depend largely mica alone is unlikely to be profitable. In zoned on such economic factors as domestic market and deposits, mining can be restricted to the mica- prices, which influence the amount of prospecting. rich zones, and the rest of the pegmatite need not During the last period of Government mica buying, be mined. Thin tabular pegmatites less than 100 1952-62, most of the larger producing mines were feet long are commonly too small to justify the those that had been big producers in the past, and many expense of exploration. were worked out or left in a condition that will make 5. Determination of the mineralogy and zoning of the further mining difficult. The rate of new discoveries pegmatite is important. Sheet mica generally was small during both World War II and the 1950's, occurs in oligoclase- and quartz-rich rock and not even though exploration was encouraged by the Federal in perthite-rich rock. A perthite-rich pegmatite, Government through financial assistance. Deposits however, may have a wall zone of plagioclase- exposed at the surface have generally been prospected, quartz-mica that contains sheet mica. Pegmatite and the difficulty and cost of finding unexposed de­ with a quartz core may have sheet mica along the posits are great. Detailed geologic studies of structural core margin and also in the outer part of the wall control, country-rock alteration, and geochemistry zone. The presence of quartz float may indicate and geophysics may help locate areas of additional a zoned pegmatite. A lack of evidence for zoning pegmatite. in surface exposures, however, does not necessarily Pegmatites do, however, have characteristics that mean that the deposit is not zoned at depth. can be of aid in prospecting. Diamond drilling is an aid in determining the 1. Large mica-bearing pegmatites tend to occur in presence, size, and location of different zones. By groups; in the Spruce Pine district, for example, demonstrating the continuation of pegmatite several very large mines are clustered together in along the trend of a persistent shoot, such drilling the Bandana area. It is therefore logical to look can indirectly indicate size of mica deposits. for additional pegmatites near large mines. 6. The quality of mica at the surface may indicate the Careful geologic mapping will help establish in quality at depth. Mica that has clay or "vege­ many places a pattern in the localization of large table" stain may be clear below the depth of deposits, for some seem to occur en echelon or in a weathering. Pegmatites that contain mica with belt like a string of beads, and others are related to primary stain at the surface probably have stained the axes of folds in the country rock or to faults. mica at depth unless clear mica and stained mica 2. Pegmatites that are concordant or partly concordant form separate shoots. Pegmatites that contain to the foliation of the wallrock are apt to plunge some biotite probably have reddish-brown or parallel to the plunge of minor structures in the brown muscovite relatively free from stain, but wallrock. Elongate mica concentrations, generally where biotite is very common, there is generally called shoots or streaks, also tend to plunge not much sheet muscovite. In many deposits the parallel to the plunge of the pegmatite. A repetition quality and quantity of mica are better along the of structural features may have produced addi­ hanging wall than along the footwall. Mica along tional shoots or extensions of known deposits the margin of a quartz core tends to be reeved or down plunge. "A" and greener than mica in a wall zone. 3. The shape of the pegmatite body may influence the 7. Pegmatites that have been greatly sheared or faulted location of mica concentrations. In pegmatites contain deformed mica. If the deformed mica ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF PEGMATITE MINERALS 19 occurs in thick chubby books or in very large have the same chemical composition (KAlSi3O8) but books, some sheets may be produced with careful different crystal form. The sodium-calcium feldspars, trimming. called plagioclase, form a series of minerals that range 8. When a pegmatite body containing sheet mica has in all proportions from pure NaAlSi3O8 (albite) to pure been found, the only way to appraise the deposit CaAUSiaOg (anorthite). Natural orthoclase and micro­ is to expose it in surface trenches or underground cline generally contain 10-25 percent NaAlSi3O8, and workings. Diamond drilling will aid in determin­ plagioclase generally contains 5-15 percent KAlSi3O8. ing the presence or absence of pegmatite or of Intergrowths of orthoclase or microchne with albite are pegmatite zones but will supply little direct in­ called perthite. Perthitic microcline (potash spar), formation concerning the quantity or quality of albite (soda spar), and oligoclase (soda limespar) are the mica. the feldspars in the pegmatites of the Blue Ridge. SCRAP MICA Feldspar mining hi North Carolina began in Mitchell Many pegmatite deposits contain only scrap mica, County in 1911 (Watts, 1913, p. 100) and within a few and a large amount of scrap is produced during the years became an important industry. For many years mining, trimming, and fabricating of sheet mica. Most the State has produced half or more of the feldspar scrap mica, however, is produced from weathered produced in the United States, and since 1953 the granodiorite bodies and as a byproduct from the mining State production has averaged about 250,000 tons of feldspar and kaolin. From 1943 to 1962 North Caro­ annually. Until recently, much of the feldspar was lina produced more than 930,000 tons of scrap mica, perthite and oligoclase hand cobbed from large crystals or about 63 percent of the total United States produc­ in zoned pegmatites. Since 1951 finer grained pegmatite tion. The annual production in the State ranged from and granodiorite have been mined in bulk, and a mix­ 25,000 tons worth $516,367 in 1943 to nearly 62,000 ture of potassium and sodium feldspar has been re­ tons worth $1,384,280 in 1962. More than three-fourths covered by milling and flotation. In 1953 about 35 of the North Carolina production was from the Spruce percent of the feldspar produced in the State was Pine and Franklin-Sylva districts. The geology, mining, obtained by flotation (Gunsallus and Uswald, 1956, and milling of scrap-mica deposits in these and other p. 442); in 1962 about 90 percent was from flotation districts are described in detail by Broadhurst and Hash concentrates and 10 percent from hand sorting, (Beck (1953). They estimate that the reserves of scrap mica and others, 1963, p. 778). in weathered granodiorite of the Spruce Pine district, The Spruce Pine district is the principal source of exclusive of kaolin deposits, are in excess of 25 million feldspar recovered by flotation methods. In 1962 six tons of material containing 12-18 percent mica (Broad- operators produced feldspar in this manner from nine hurst and Hash, 1953, p. 15). In addition, reserves of mines in Mitchell County, and two operators produced scrap mica in kaolin deposits have been estimated to be it from two mines in Yancey County (Beck and others, 7.5 million tons, and the amount of scrap mica that can 1963, p. 790, 793). Some hand-cobbed feldspar was be recovered as a byproduct from feldspar flotation is produced in Mitchell, Swain, and Yancey Counties. in excess of 38 million tons (Brobst, 1962, p. A15-A16). The average price of crude feldspar was $10.31 per In 1962 scrap mica was produced from 2 mines in long ton in 1962 and $9.51 in 1960 (de Polo and Tucker, Avery County, 2 hi Macon County, 14 in Mitchell 1963, p. 537). The average price of ground feldspar County, and 8 in Yancy County. In the same year 11 was $12.71 per short ton in 1962 and $13.40 in 1960. grinding mills were active in the Blue Ridge (Beck and From 1956 to 1960 about 55 percent of the feldspar others, 1963). In 1963 scrap mica was valued at the mine sold in the United States was used in glass, 32 percent at $20-$30 per short ton. The price paid depends on the in pottery, 5 percent in enamel, and 8 percent in other color and the freedom from such impurities as clay and ceramic uses, scouring soaps, and abrasives. There is quartz. Mica that is very pale in color appears white an increasing shortage of high-grade potassium feldspar, when ground and is more desirable. Scrap mica pro­ but there is also an increase in the use of lower grade duced from the rifting and trimming of sheet mica is and finer grained materials recovered through milling high quality because of its relative freedom from quartz, and flotation. Reserves of feldspar in granodiorite feldspar, and clay. within 50 feet of the surface in the Spruce Pine district are estimated by Brobst (1962, p. A15) to be in excess FELDSPAR of 200 million tons. Feldspar is the general name for a group of aluminum silicate minerals that contain varying amounts of KAOLIN potassium, sodium, and calcium. The principal potas­ Modern mining of kaolin for high-quality ceramic sium feldspars are orthoclase and microcline, which products was started at Webster in Jackson County 20 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE, IN NORTH CAROLINA in 1888, but the Cherokees had apparently mined Total production of kaolin from the Blue Ridge is clay and sold it to English traders as early as the 17th not known, but annual production from 1921 to 1940 century (Kerr, 1880, p. 462; Watts, 1913, p. 9-10). ranged from 6,000 to 25,000 short tons and averaged In 1767, Josiah Wedgwood sent T. Griffiths to get clay 13,000 short tons. The amount of washed kaolin avail­ from the Cherokees at Cowee Town on the Little able in four groups of deposits near Spruce Pine was Tennessee River about 5 miles northwest of present- estimated by Parker (1946, p. 26-41) to range from 3 day Franklin in Macon County. Griffiths cleaned out to 7 million short tons. Hunter (1940, p. 102) estimated an old clay pit, mined 12-15 tons of clay, and trans­ reserves of crude kaolin in Avery, Mitchell, and Yancey ported about 5 tons to Charleston, S.C., for shipment Counties at 51 million tons from which about 4^ to England (Griffiths, 1929). Discovery of good quality million tons of finished kaolin might be recovered. clay in Cornwall in 1768 stopped further mining in North Carolina. QUARTZ The Webster deposits were the main center of pro­ Some high-grade quartz has been produced from duction in North Carolina for about 30 years, but clay pegmatites in the Blue Ridge. Many zoned pegmatites mines were opened in Mitchell County in 1904, in contain cores or large pods of massive gray, smoky, Macon County in 1905, and in Swain County shortly or white quartz. Quartz from the Chestnut Flat mine after that. The last to be developed were those in in Mitchell County was used for glass in the 200-inch Avery County in 1937. The deposits in Jackson, Macon, telescope for the Mount Palomar Observatory in and Swain Counties were exhausted in the early 1920's, California (Olson, 1944, p. 59). In recent years there and the only deposits that were being worked in 1963, has been a small production of white quartz for special were those of the Harris Clay Co. in Avery County. aggregate in prestressed concrete. Quartz that was The kaolin deposits in the Blue Ridge are residual clean and free from iron stain sold for $8.50 a ton at deposits formed by the weathering of feldspar in peg­ Spruce Pine in 1960. Byproduct quartz is recovered matite and granodiorite. Most of the pegmatitic de­ from the feldspar and clay flotation plants for use posits are described by Watts (1913), Ries and others as sand. (1922), Bayley (1925) and Hunter and Hash (1949). BERYL The larger deposits in granodiorite are described by Beryl is so rare a constituent of Blue Ridge pegmatites Hunter (1940) and Parker (1946). The clay is generally that no regular production of beryllium ore is possible. a mixture of two clay minerals: hydrated halloysite A total of a few tons of beryl may have been recovered and kaolinite. The ratio of halloysite to kaolinite ranges from pegmatites mined for mica in the Spruce Pine from 30:1 to 1:1 and averages 10:1 (Sand, 1956, p. 33). district, but no accurate production figures are available. Depth of weathering in individual deposits in the Gem beryl has been mined at several localities in Spruce Pine district ranges from 10 to 135 feet and Mitchell County and one in Yancey County. More averages about 40 feet (Parker, 1946, p. 22). According detailed information on gem occurrences is given by to Bayley (1925, p. 63), a deposit near Webster was Kunz (1907). worked to a depth of 125 feet. With depth the kaolin grades into partly weathered feldspar, and throughout NIOBIUM-TANTALUM MINERALS most deposits some unweathered feldspar remains. Columbite-tantalite and samarskite occur in small The recovery of clay from deposits in pegmatite is as quantities at a few mines in the Spruce Pine district. high as 40 percent, but the recovery of clay in deposits Several hundred pounds of both minerals have been in granodiorite ranges from 8 to 22 percent (Parker, produced as byproducts of feldspar or mica mining, 1946, p. 24). but resources appear to be small. The pegmatitic kaolin deposits consist of relatively URANIUM AND RARE-EARTH MINERALS pure clay that formed from feldspar-rich zones. Some of this clay is of high quality, free of impurities, but Uraninite, uranophane, gummite, autunite, clarkeite, of small volume. In the early days of mining, kaolin and torbernite occur in exceedingly small amounts in a few pegmatites generally in or near granodiorite in the from such deposits was mined, dried, and shipped Spruce Pine district and, more rarely, in pegmatites in directly. Less pure kaolin was washed to eliminate the other districts. The total amount in any one quartz and mica. The large deposits in granodiorite deposit is small, and only rarely are specimens found. are mined today by power equipment in large opencuts. Allanite, which contains cerium and other rare earths, The kaolin is separated from impurities by a complex is a common accessory mineral in the Spruce Pine process of grinding, washing, screening, settling, and district and less common in the other districts. Only a flotation (Parker, 1946, p. 25). few small crystals are found in any one deposit, and PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 21 there has been no commercial production. Many clase, quartz, perthite, and muscovite. Garnet, biotite, specimens of monazite, a rare-earth phosphate, have apatite, and beryl are common accessory minerals; been found in the Gusher Knob feldspar mines, Avery vermiculite, pyrite, magnetite, hematite, and uraninite County, in the Crabtree Creek area, Mitchell County, are rare. About one-third of the pegmatites have a and also near Mars Hill, Madison County, but the plagioclase-quartz-muscovite wall zone and a quartz total amount may be less than 100 pounds. core; a few have a perthite-quartz core and several have a perthite core. In general, the quality and quantity PEGMATITE DISTRICTS of the muscovite are only fair. The books tend to be The mica-bearing pegmatites of the Blue Eidge are small, many are deformed, and concentrations are grouped into districts for convenience in describing them small. Most of the muscovite is reddish brown or ruby; in this report. The mines and prospects in each district some is green. are listed alphabetically in table 4, starting at the north with the Jefferson-Boone district. The locations of the WILKES DISTRICT mines are shown on plates 2-6. The table and figures do The Wilkes district is along the Blue Ridge Front in not include the mica mines of the Cashiers district the western part of Wilkes County and the adjoining described by Olson (1952), nor the feldspar deposits of eastern edges of Ashe, Caldwell, and Watauga Counties the Bryson City district described by Cameron (1951). (pi. 2). Mining at 45 or more mines and prospects has been intermittent since 1895. During World War II JEFFERSON-BOONE DISTRICT about 30 deposits were mined or prospected, and pro­ The Jefferson-Boone district in Ashe and Watauga duction was about 5,000 pounds of sheet muscovite Counties contains more than 70 mica mines and worth $22,000. Between 1951 and 1962, production prospects (pi. 2). Mica mining probably began in Ashe from 15 mines was less than 3,000 pounds valued at County at the Hamilton and Tarkington mines as early less than $6,000. Total production for the district is as 1867 and at the Little Phoenix and North Hardin unknown, but it probably does not exceed 50,000 mines in 1880. Some prehistoric mining was apparently pounds of sheet muscovite. A few of the mines have done by Indians at the Little Phoenix and Walnut been operated for scrap mica. Knob mines (Sterrett, 1923, p. 172). More than 45 Because the pegmatites of the Wilkes district are mines and prospects were opened or reopened during generally weathered and poorly exposed, few of the World War II, when production from 27 mines deposits have been mapped in detail. In general, the amounted to 11,500 pounds of mica valued at $36,400. pegmatite bodies seem to be tabular or lenticular. About 20 mines were active at various times between Most are less than 5 feet thick, but a few are 25 feet or 1951 and 1962, and production for the district amounted more thick. Some of them are as much as 200 feet long. to nearly 80,000 pounds of sheet and punch worth More than half are probably concordant to the foliation about $315,000. Five mines were explored during this of the enclosing country rock, which is generally mica period with the aid of DMEA loans. None of the mines schist. The pegmatite is medium to coarse grained and were being worked in April 1962, and many of the older contains as the dominant minerals plagioclase, quartz, mines are difficult to find. The total production of the and muscovite. Perthite is found in a few deposits. district from 1867 to 1962 is estimated to be more than Garnet, biotite, magnetite, and tourmaline are reported 200,000 pounds of sheet and punch but probably less as accessory minerals from some of the mines. A few than 300,000 pounds. There are no detailed production pegmatites have a plagioclase-quartz-muscovite wall records before 1941 for this district, but few of the zone and a quartz core, but most seem to be poorly mines have produced much more than 10,000 pounds zoned. of full-trimmed sheet mica. Although none of the The muscovite is mostly green, yellowish green, or deposits is known to be mined out, many of the work­ brownish green. Some reddish-brown or ruby mica is ings are in such poor condition that mining could be found in the western part of the district. Much of the resumed only with difficulty. mica is bent or reeved. The average quality is only fair. The pegmatites in the Jefferson-Boone district are chiefly tabular or lenticular bodies. About two-thirds SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT are concordant to the foliation of the country rock. The Spruce Pine district covers about 300 square They range in thickness from 1 to 70 feet and average miles in Avery, McDowell, Mitchell, and Yancey less than 10 feet. In length they range from less than Counties, N.C. (pi. 3). The district has been active for 50 to more than 350 feet. many years and has consistently been the principal The pegmatites are medium to coarse grained. The producer of mica and feldspar in North Carolina. Mica principal minerals in order of abundance are plagio- was mined by the Indians in prehistoric times; traces 22 MICA DEPOSITS 'OF THE BLUE RIDGE! IN NORTH CAROLINA of their pits and trenches found by the first white settlers TABLE 2. Recorded production of sheet-and-punch mica from the Spruce Pine district, North Carolina were considered to be the workings of old Spanish silver mines (Kerr, 1875, 1881; Phillips, 1888; Simonds, Sheet and punch Percent (pounds) 1896). In 1868, T. L. Clingman prospected the Sinkhole mine, in Mitchell County, which had been the site of 1917-40: * extensive prehistoric diggings. Clingman sank shafts 20 largest mines______2, 482, 006 80 and drove tunnels showing an abundance of mica in 110 other mines and prospeets_____ 622, 211 20 an area where the Indians had dug a series of trenches Total (130)____. ______3, 104, 217 100 20 feet deep and 1,800 feet along strike (Phillips, 1888; 1942-45 : 2 Simonds, 1896). The prospect was abandoned, but the 20 largest mines. ______456, 456 58 following year work was begun at the mine by the firm 331, 639 42 of Heap and Clapp of Knoxville, Tenn. Shortly there­ Total (708)______788, 095 100 after the Ray mine was opened in Yancey County by 1953-62: 3 G. D. Ray (Sterrett, 1923, p. 168), and within a few 10 largest mines. ______< 946, 000 44 years there were more than a score of active mines, >200 other mines and prospects, __ 1, 209, 000 56 many of which were operated by Heap and Clapp. Total (>200)______._ 2, 155, 000 100 Some information is available concerning 714 mines 1 Data from Kesler and Olson (1942, table 2). and prospects in the Spruce Pine district (table 4), but 2 Data from Colonial Mica Corp. 3 Data from U.S. Bureau of Mines and Defense Minerals Exploration Administra­ probably there are as many more prospects and small tion. mines about which little is known. Production data for * Estimate. the district are poor for the period before World War I. Kesler and Olson (1942) gave incomplete production has added details concerning regional structure and records for 130 mines for the period 1917-40, and rec­ metamorphism (Bryant, 1962; Reed, 1964a, b). In ords were kept by the Colonial Mica Corp. for the pro­ table 4 the district has been divided arbitrarily into duction from 708 mines and prospects for the period areas for convenience in listing the mines and prospects. June 1942 through 1945. More than 100 mines had a Deposits in any one area are in general similar, but significant production during the period 1953 through there are minor differences between areas. 1962. Most mines operated for sheet mica only, however, Several thousand pegmatites are exposed in the were closed in June 1962 when the Government buying Spruce Pine district, but only a small fraction contain program ended. minable deposits of sheet mica. The known pegmatites Within the Spruce Pine district there are 67 mines are distributed unevenly throughout much of the that have a recorded individual production greater than district (Brobst, 1962, pi. 1), and there are some areas 10,000 pounds of sheet mica and 146 mines that have an containing few or no pegmatites, such as Simmons individual production greater than 500 pounds but less Knob northeast of Newdale, Yancey County, and Big than 10,000 pounds of sheet mica. Most of the produc­ Bald Mountain on the Avery-Mitchell County line. tion of the district has come from a few very large The pegmatites range from small pods and thin seams mines, as shown in table 2. to large masses hundreds of feet thick and thousands During the period 1951-62 the Spruce Pine district of feet long. Some of the largest bodies are mined for was actively explored, and much of this exploration feldspar and a few for both feldspar and mica. Some was aided by the Defense Minerals Exploration large deposits are mined only for sheet mica, and many Administration. A total of 322 applications for aid small bodies a few feet thick and less than 100 feet long were received on 269 different pegmatite bodies. Of the have been mined successfully. The large masses of 147 contracts granted, 22 were in Avery County, 80 in fine-grained pegmatite or granodiorite are mined for Mitchell County, and 45 in Yancey County. Thirty-five feldspar and scrap mica. The deeply weathered grano­ exploration projects were certified as discoveries, and diorite deposits are mined for clay and scrap mica. three of these, the Cattail, Sinkhole, and R. B. Phillips Wallrock for about half of the deposits is mica mines, were among the large producers of the 1950's. gneiss and for about one-fourth, interlayered mica The general geology of the Spruce Pine district has and hornblende gneiss. About 10 percent of the deposits recently been mapped and described by Olson (1944), are enclosed in hornblende gneiss and about 10 percent Parker (1952), Kulp and Brobst (1956), and Brobst cut the larger bodies of fine-grained pegmatite or (1962). The pegmatites are described by Sterrett granodiorite. Throughout the district about 70 percent (1923), Maurice (1940), Kesler and Olson (1942), of the deposits are concordant to the foliation of the Olson (1944), Parker (1952), and Brobst (1962). enclosing country rock. Some tabular bodies are con­ Recent mapping along the eastern edge of the district torted and follow folds. Discordant bodies follow joints PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 23

or faults. Many large pegmatites which appear con­ cent contain a little more plagiocalse than perthite; 20 cordant to the regional structure are discordant in percent contain a little more perthite than plagioclase; detail and probably are in shear zones. Elongate bodies 4 percent contain much more perthite than plagioclase; and minor bulges or rolls in the pegmatites plunge and only 1 percent contain perthite alone. obliquely downdip parallel to the plunge of minor Plagioclase is generally white; but some is clear and structures in the country rock. glassy, and some is light pink or green where altered Contacts between pegmatite and country rock are to thulite or epidote. Some clear and untwinned oligo- generally sharp. Mica gneiss and schist have been clase of gem quality is present in a few deposits. Grain little altered along contacts, but hornblende gneiss size ranges from less than an inch to masses several in contact with pegmatite has been altered to biotite feet across; dimensions of several inches are common. schist for a few inches to a foot or more. Contacts of Plagioclase is most abundant in wall zones and outer pegmatite and granodiorite are generally obscured by intermediate zones. Most of the muscovite of com­ similarity in grain size and mineralogy. mercial size and quantity is found in plagioclase-rich The pegmatites are tabular (57 percent), lenticular pegmatite. (29 percent) or irregular (14 percent). Many of the The plagioclase ranges from albite to calcic oligoclase. tabular bodies are probably elongate lenses that have Maurice (1940, p. 173-178) found that a belt of peg­ three unequal axes. Some tabular bodies pinch and matites with the more calcic plagioclase extends north­ swell either along strike or downdip, or both; where east from Micaville to Bakersville and is flanked by this characteristic is most pronounced, a series of lenses pegmatites containing the more sodic plagioclase. From follow a narrow zone in the metamorphic country Maurice's data, Olson (1944, p. 28) concluded that the rocks. Most lenticular bodies are discoidal with one more sodic plagioclase is in pegmatite in or near axis shorter than the other two; but some have one granodiorite, in migmatite related to granodiorite, or very long axis and two short ones, and they are best in very large pegmatites, The more calcic plagioclase is described as tonguelike or pipelike. in pegmatite farther from granodiorite. The sheet-mica-bearing pegmatites are generally Most of the pegmatites contain about 25 percent not large; few are thicker than 100 feet or longer than quartz as small- to medium-sized grains mixed with 1,000 feet. Half of the deposits are 10 feet or less thick, feldspar, as graphic intergrowths in feldspar, or as and only 20 percent are more than 20 feet thick. About massive cores in some zoned deposits. The quartz is 40 percent may be more than 200 feet long, but 45 generally gray, white or smoky; little is transparent. percent are probably less than 100 feet long. Some of Euhedral and even subhedral crystals are rare. the largest deposits have been mined downdip 300-^00 Microcline is widespread and abundant in many of feet, but many bodies pinch out in less than 100 feet the pegmatites. Practically all of it is perthitic, and in depth. much of it has a graphic texture. The microcline is The internal structure of Spruce Pine pegmatites is white to light-cream or pink. Grain size is medium to relatively simple (Cameron and others, 1949, p. 62-64). very coarse. Most of the microcline is in intermediate Nearly 75 percent of the deposits have no apparent zones or cores. internal zoning of contrasting mineral composition or Muscovite is present in all the pegmatites. It ranges texture. Of the 25 percent that are zoned, two-thirds from the fine-grained scaly form called sericite to large have a wall zone of feldspar, quartz, and mica and a books several feet across. Total muscovite content may core of massive quartz. The remainder have perthite- be as much as 15 percent in the granodiorite and peg­ plagioclase-quartz, perthite-plagioclase, perthite-quartz, matite (Brobst, 1962, p. AlO), but sheet muscovite or perthite cores. About 20 percent of the zoned bodies probably forms from 2 percent to no more than 8 have one or more intermediate zones of various propor­ percent of any one deposit. Much of the sericite formed tions of feldspar, quartz, and mica. A few deposits have late as an alteration product either from residual secondary units of fine-grained pegmatite or quartz solutions during crystallization or from metamorphic cutting the earlier zones, and some have small replace­ effects of subsequent deformation. ment units of fine-grained plagioclase replacing micro- The color, quality, and size of the sheet-mica crystals cline and quartz. vary widely in different parts of the district. Color Mineralogy of the pegmatites is also simple. The most ranges from light reddish brown (ruby) through light abundant minerals are plagioclase, quartz, perthitic brown (rum) to light brownish green, light green, and microcline, and muscovite. The type of feldspar was dark green. Some sheets are mottled by irregular color recorded for about 80 percent of the deposits. About variations, and some have alternating color bands 30 percent of them contain only plagioclase; 15 percent generally hexagonal or rhombic in plan. Reddish-brown have abundant plagioclase and minor perthite; 30 per­ mica is found in 23 percent of the deposits, brown in 20 24 MICA DEPOSITS 'OF THE BLUE RIDGE, EST NORTH CAROLINA percent, and various shade of green in 55 percent. The long in Buncombe, McDowell, Madison, and Yancey remaining 2 percent of the deposits have both green and Counties (pi. 4). Ninety mines and prospects are known, brown mica. In areas of gneiss, reddish-brown and but there may be many more small prospects that are brown mica predominate, and in areas in or near the lost and forgotten. Sterrett (1923, p. 184-188) describes granite masses brownish green and green mica predomi­ briefly 11 deposits in Buncombe County. According to nate. This areal distribution of mica according to color the Colonial Mica Corp. records, about 50 deposits had in the Spruce Pine district has been shown by Olson a total production from 1942 to 1945 of nearly 13,000 (1944, pi. 2). pounds of sheet and punch mica worth $39,000. At Much good quality mica has been mined in the least 20 mines were active at various times from 1952 to district, but large amounts of the sheet mica contain 1962, and 3 mines were explored with DMEA financial various defects. The principal defects are staining, assistance. Total production from 1952 through 1962 mineral inclusions and intergrowths, "A" structure and was 9,975 pounds of sheet and punch worth more than reeving, bending, cracking, and ruling. Some form of $59,000. Complete production records are not available, staining, such as specks, spots, and streaks of magnetite, but probably no mine has an individual production hematite, pyrite, limonite, and clay, is found in at least greater than 10,000 pounds of sheet-and-punch mica. occasional pieces of mica from 54 percent of the de­ Most of the mines have produced less than 500 pounds. posits, and intergrowths of muscovite with biotite or Total production for the district may be no more than other minerals are found in 15 percent of the deposits. 50,000 pounds. "A" structure and reeving are common defects in The pegmatites in the Buncombe district are similar deposits of green mica, especially where the green mica to those in adjacent areas. Most of the deposits are is associated with large masses of quartz. Deformation weathered, tabular (65 percent) or lenticular (27 per­ of the mica crystals after formation has produced cent) bodies in mica gneiss or schist. Three deposits are bending in 40 percent of the deposits and cracking and in hornblende gneiss and three cut dunite. Nearly three- ruling in 34 percent. The degree of deformation varies quarters of the deposits are less than 10 feet thick, and within the district. Near the center of the district only 5 percent are greater than 20 feet thick. About around Spruce Pine only 20 percent of the deposits 60 percent are concordant to the foliation of the country contain some bent mica, but to the northeast near rock. One-third of the pegmatites have a feldspar- Plumtree, 53 percent contain some bent mica and near quartz-mica wall zone and a quartz core; the remainder Black Mountain, 67 percent. have no apparent zoning. Three of the zoned deposits A more detailed discussion of the properties of mica have a perthite intermediate zone. Plagioclase is the and lists of some characteristics of the mica from principal feldspar, but perthite is present in some de­ many of the Spruce Pine deposits are given by Jahns posits. Biotite is present in at least 40 percent of the and Lancaster (1950). deposits and may be the principal mica in some. Garnet The Spruce Pine pegmatites contain less than 5 is common, and allanite, apatite, beryl, sulfide min­ percent accessory minerals. In 625 pegmatites for which erals, tourmaline, and vermiculite are rare accessory data are available the most common accessory minerals minerals. are garnet in 60 percent of the deposits and biotite The muscovite is reddish brown (75 percent), brown in 40 percent. Apatite (12 percent), pyrite (9 percent), (10 percent), and green (15 percent). In general, the vermiculite (7 percent), allanite and thulite (6 percent) quality and quantity are only fair. At least 30 percent are also widespread. Beryl has been reported in 28 of of the deposits have mica that is bent, cracked, ruled, the 625 deposits, epidote and tourmaline in 32, pyr- or stained. The average size of the sheet mica is small. rhotite in 12, and columbite in 10. The following minerals have been reported from less than 10 de­ WOODLAWN DISTRICT posits : autunite, calcite, chalcopyrite, chlorite, clarkeite, The Woodlawn district in McDowell County, con­ cleavelandite, covellite, cyrtolite, gahnite, gummite, tains at least 12 small mines and prospects in an area hyalite, kyanite, lepidolite, magetite, monazite, samar- about 10 miles long and several wide that is separated skite, siderite, sphalerite, spodumene, torbernite, urani- from the Spruce Pine district by an area 1-3 miles wide nite, uranophane, zircon, and zoisite. that contains few or no pegmatites (pi. 4). Very little is known about the deposits in McDowell County. BUNCOMBE DISTRICT Sterrett (1923, p. 224) mentions only two deposits, The Buncombe district is an area of widely scattered although the principal mining activity was apparently pegmatites between the Spruce Pine district to the from 1894 to 1918. According to records of the Colonial northeast and the Franklin-Sylva district to the south­ Mica Corp., production from 1942 to 1945 came from west. The district is about 24 miles wide and 30 miles 18 mines in McDowell County, at least some of which PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 25 were in the Woodlawn district, and amounted to less explored with DMEA financial assistance; in Jackson than 2,000 pounds of sheet-and-punch mica worth County, 13, and in Macon County, 46. Nineteen about $7,350. About 15 mines and prospects have deposits were certified as discoveries, and several of been worked since 1952 in McDowell County, but their those in Macon County became significant producers. locations are unrecorded. Total production was 600 Production records for the district are not complete. pounds of sheet mica valued at nearly $4,500. The available data are summarized in table 3. During The pegmatites are generally deeply weathered, each period of production about 10 percent of the mines small, tabular or lenticular bodies 1-10 feet thick in have produced 65-85 percent of the sheet-and-punch mica gneiss or schist. Plagioclase is the principal mica. feldspar, but perthite is present in some of the de­ TABLE 3. Recorded production of sheet-and-punch mica from the posits. Biotite and garnet are the principal accessory Franklin-Sylva district, North Carolina minerals. The mica is generally green or greenish brown. 1922-1942 i 1942-1945 2 1953-1962 « County Reddish-brown mica is present in at least two of the Num­ Pounds Num­ Pounds Num­ Pounds ber of sheet and ber of sheet and ber of sheet and deposits. The quality of the sheet mica is poor and the mines punch mines punch mines punch quantity is small. Much of the mica is stained. 1 1, 184, 672 1 85, 716 2 3,923 23 4,540 FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT TotaL...... 3 1, 188, 595 24 90, 256 5 1,118 The Franklin-Sylva district is second among southern 6 287,099 8 55,938 5 27,354 Appalachian mica districts in number of mines and in 48 149,960 181 30,289 49 19,838 total production. The district covers an area about 12 Total. .--- 54 437, 059 189 86,227 54 47, 192 7 532,283 15 117,330 7 267, 087 miles wide and 50 long in Haywood, Jackson, and 54 138, 757 142 30, 774 84 133,261 Macon Counties and extends a short distance into Clay Total- .--.. 61 671, 040 157 148,104 91 400,348 County (pis. 5, 6). Most of the mica mines are centered District total. 118 2, 296, 694 370 324, 587 150 448,658 about Franklin in Macon County and Sylva in Jackson 1 Data from Olson (1946) and records of Asheville Mica Co. County. Although the number of mines and pegmatites 2 Data from Colonial Mica Corp. decreases sharply away from the center of the district, 8 Data from U.S. Bureau of Mines. the largest single producer is the Big Ridge mine in Individual pegmatite bodies range from thin stringers Haywood County, well outside the center of the dis­ an inch or less thick to large masses 150-350 feet thick. trict. This mine was opened in 1867 and was one of the About 70 percent of the mica-bearing deposits are 10 first mica mines to be operated in North Carolina in feet or less thick. Most of the deposits are less than 200 modern times. As in the districts to the northeast, feet long, but some elongate bodies are 500-1,400 feet several of the large mines were originally worked by long. Although a few of them have been mined to depths Indians for mica (Smith, 1877, p. 441-443) and clay of 300 feet, most are not known to go deeper than 100 (Watts, 1913, p. 10; Griffiths, 1929). Modern clay feet. Nearly all the deposits are weathered to depths mining in the district was started in 1888 near Webster ranging from 10 to 100 feet. (Watts, 1913, p. 10), but little clay has been mined in More than half of the deposits are tabular, about 20 the district since the 1920's. Some feldspar has been percent are lenticular, and 22 percent are irregularly mined sporadically, generally as a byproduct of mica shaped. About 80 percent are discordant bodies. The mining. wallrock is mica gneiss (92 percent), interlayered mica Information has been assembled on 433 mica deposits and hornblende gneiss (6 percent), or hornblende gneiss in the district (table 4), but there are probably a total of (2 percent). Numerous thin dikes south and west of 500-700 mines and prospects. Sterrett (1923) described Franklin strike north or north-northeast and are ver­ more than 100 deposits in Haywood, Jackson, and tical. In the district as a whole, however, strike and dip Macon Counties. Some of these deposits are in the are not uniform. The crests, keels, rolls, and minor Cashiers district east of the Franklin-Sylva district and structures in the pegmatites generally plunge steeply are not included in the table. Records of the Colonial and may be parallel to the plunge of minor structures Mica Corp. show that from 1942 to 1945 some mining in the country rock. was done at 24 mines in Haywood County, 189 in The pegmatites have a simple internal structure. Jackson County, and 157 in Macon County. Olson and About two-thirds are zoned; 92 percent of these have others (1946) show the locations of 326 mines and de­ quartz cores, and the remainder have plagioclase- scribe in detail 20 mines worked during World War II. perthite-quartz, perthite-quartz, or perthite cores. Wall More than 150 mines were active in the district from zones are generally feldspar-quartz-muscovite in 60 1952 to 1962. In Haywood County, 8 deposits were percent of the deposits, plagioclase-quartz-muscovite in 26 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROUNIA 20 percent, or plagioclase-perthite-quartz-muscovite in of quartz, quartz-muscovite, or plagioclase-muscovite 20 percent. About 10 percent of the deposits have one that cut outer zones. Perthite is partly altered to or more intermediate zones of plagioclase-perthite- plagioclase and muscovite along shears in a few deposits. quartz, perthite-quartz, or perthite. A thin border zone The principal minerals are quartz, oligoclase, perthitic of feldspar-quartz-mica or quartz-mica pegmatite is microline, and muscovite. The chief accessory minerals present in some of the deposits. Late-stage fracture are biotite and garnet. Pyrite, pyrrhotite, and apatite fillings or replacement units are rare. A few deposits are present in a few deposits, and allanite, ankerite, contain cores that are sheared and have thin strips of beryl, chalcopyrite, epidote, hedenbergite, kyanite, and biotite along fractures. Some deposits have veinlets tourmaline are reported from less than 2 percent of the TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and Source of information: Unpublished data in files of CMC, Colonial Mica Corp. DMEA, Defense Minerals Exploration Administration OME, Omce of Minerals Exploration USGS, U.S. Geological Survey Also OF, U.S. Geological Survey open-file map, which may be examined at the U.S. Geological Survey Library, Washington, D.C.; at the office of the U.S. Geological Survey, Knoxville, Tenn.; and at the office of the State Geologist, Raleigh, N.C.

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 2 tion worked in feet)

JEFFERSON-BOONE DISTRICT Ashe County

20 CMC... WWII ... Small _ . _.. ___

12 USGS, CMC...... 1913, 1930, WWII__ Shaft 55, drift 80; shaft 60, Moderate sheet __ drift 10; shaft 20; cut 40, intergrowths, small concentrations near adit 40. walls and core. 25 CMC..... _ _. 1927, WWII, 1953- . 15 deep. small, bent, ruled. 21 CMC 1920, WWII . .do minor "A" structure, small.

7 CMC... _. ______WWII _____ - Reddish brown, hardly small ___ ..___ .do 19 Duncan (Harris) mine _____ USGS, Ster- 1885-88, 1906-7, Cut 115, 2 shafts 60 and Pinkish buff, moderately ruled, cracked, Moderage sheet rett (1923, p. 1918, WWII. 108, 2 adits and numer­ mineral inclusions, tied. (WWII). 176). ous stopes. 17 CMC 1930, WWII - 29 USGS_-.__ Cut 80___ -

22 CMC ______1892, WWII _____ ture, locky, bent, small. 1 1897; int. Moderate sheet- - 173), USGS. 15 1 QQfX-QA WWTT .__._ do _ - p. 176), CMC. bent, small. 13 i R7 f\ i soft- 1 onfl -do -. . 173), USGS. 1907-12, 1950's. partly destroyed by cut bent, ruled. 150. 18 Hardin (North Hardin) Sterrett (1923, p. 1880, WWI, 1931, Cuts, shafts, adits, stopes, Ruby, mottled, minor ruling, hair- Moderate sheet mine. 173), USGS. WWII, 1952-57. in area 600 long, 100 cracks, reeved, bent. (1943-57). deep. 16 Cut 75, shaft 30, adit- _ 175).

10 CMC.... ______WWII do Small sheet......

28 CMC. 1910, WWII Shaft 40, adit. . . do -_-_ do... 26 CMC.. _ WWII ... do 6 CMC WWII .do... . 17 CMC 1935, 1942 -do 32 DMEA. - 1952-56------_ Cut 260, shaft 40- _... _____ Reddish brown, clear; minor cracks, Moderate sheet. - ruling, biotite intergrowths, bent.

97 CMC. WWII-- --- Little prospects: 4 No. 1 USGS_____ WWI, WWII Greenish brown, flat "A" structure, Moderate sheet _ 140, drift 68. minor stain, ruling, biotite inter­ growths, tied. 4 No. 2_.-_ USGS ____ _ ... WWI, WWII. _ Cut 135--.-- - Small. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 27 deposits. Vermiculite, kaolinite, and limonite, are com­ biotite intergrowths. Deformation of mica is also wide­ mon secondary minerals in the weathered pegmatites. spread in the district, and at least 45 percent of the The muscovite in the Franklin-Sylva district is mines contain some mica that is bent, ruled, or cracked. generally reddish brown (36 percent) or brown (44 In a few mines much of the mica is deformed and is percent). About 30 of the 435 well-known deposits only scrap quality. Comparison of production data from contain both brown and green mica, and 55 deposits Franklin-Sylva (Olson and others, 1946, p. 18) with have only green mica. The mica ranges widely in quality. that of Spruce Pine (Kesler and Olson, 1942, p. 36) Nearly half of the deposits contain some mineral- suggests that the average size of recoverable sheet mica stained mica, and 12 percent contain muscovite with is slightly smaller in the Franklin-Sylva district. prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Principal periods worked: WWI, World War I; WWII, World War II; int, intermittent. Production: SmaU, <500 Ib; moderate, 500-10,000 Ib; large, > 10,000 Ib. Size of pegmatite: D, depth; L, length; T, thickness; avg, average. Internal structure: B, biotite; F, feldspar; M, muscovite; P, perthite; PI, plagioclase; Q, quartz.

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

JEFFERSON-BOONE DISTRICT Continued Ashe County Continued

NE... . SE ... . - tite and horn­ blende geniss. 6-10 T, >200L, NE..-.- Steep .do...... >60D. grained; accessory garnet, apatite; discontinuous Q core. 4-6 T NE...... Vertical gneiss. NE...... miculite, garnet, apatite, beryl. 2- 12-in. mica-rich zone along north­ west wall. NE.. .. SE .... - 1.5-8 T, avg 5, NE-. - SE...... 40° SW.-_. lens. 100 D. ant. ft). grained; accessory garnet, apatite, pyrite, sericite, yellow beryl. Lens _____ 3T, >80L ...... NE.. . . SE... __ ant. schist and horn­ blende gneiss. Pinch and 5-10 T, >100 L-. NE-_ - SE . _ .do ...... Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite; accessory bio­ swell. gneiss. tite, blue-green to yellow beryl, apatite, garnet. 12-18 T _. N. 55° E-. 50°SE._. gneiss; biotite alteration. Lens. ___ . NE...... SE .do accessory biotite, apatite, garnet; P-Q core. Poorly exposed. >6T N. 10° E.. . .do . ant. hornblende and grained; accessory garnet, apatite, mica gneiss. yellow to yellow-green beryl. Perthite concentrated in ulterior. 1.5-10 T, avg 5 NE ..... SE ...... >350 L, >100 ft). grained; accessory apatite, biotite, garnet, yellow beryl, sericite. Some graphic texture P-Q. NE...... SE .... .do ... -do...... grained; accessory yellow to blue- green beryl. Pods and platy masses of quartz near footwall. Muscovite associated with quartz. Sill 2T...... NW _ do ... . hornblende and biotite gneiss. 6 T...... NW...... Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, medium grained; accessory apatite, garnet. Tabular.. __ 3 T .do dium grained; Q core. 4-5 T...... grained; discontinuous Q core. 3-4 T, 40 L, NW. ... SW_._ ... S - largest lens. tite and horn­ (100ft). medium to coarse grained; acces­ blende gneiss. sory apatite; graphic texture common. quartz blocks. Tabular...... >45 T at N. NE... Vertical Kaolinized Pl-P-Q-M-B wall zone; end, >300 L, accessory yellow to yellow-green >60D. beryl; garnet; Q core...... do >20 T, >135 L- NE _ .... -.do . . .do ...... do Kaolinized F-Q.-M pegmatite. 28 MICA DEPOSITS 'OF THE BLUB RIDGE! IN NORTH CAROLINA

TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 2 tion worked in feet)

JEFFERSON-BOONE DISTRICT Continued Ashe County Continued

3 Sterrett (1923, p. 1880-90 3 shafts 70, drifts, cuts __ . 172-173). ruled.

14 CMC.. . . WWII-...... Cut 40--- _

24 CMC. 1932. ..-. 23 USGS- ...... 1929, WWII.,.. ... Cut, 75 cracked. 11 CMC...... 1903, WWII...... Pinkish buff-...- __ . ______6 CMC ._ 1892-1900- 8 CMC. ... WWII ...... Shaft 40, drift 50, adit 130 stain, small. 31 DMEA ...... Pre-1890, WWII, Cut 140 long, 25 deep; 3 1954-56. shafts 25-65 deep, drifts, bent, ruled, small. stope. 9 CMC...... 1942...... 17 CMC--.-...... 1900, int to 1942 ... ground workings. 2 Tarkington (Witherspoon) Sterrett (1923, 1890, int to WWII. Cuts, 2 shafts, trench in Reddish brown, moderate clay stain, Moderate sheet .... mine. p. 173),USQS. area 50 by 470. cracks, waviness, small. 30 CMC.-.-..-....-. 1942-43 .... . do ...... 5 CMC...... 1943.-.-.-...... 33 Sterrett (1923, 1895-1905,1950*8 p. 176-177). irregular stopes, older sheet. works partly destroyed by recent opencut.

Incline 30, southwest 300 Yellow brown, clear, small, "A" struc­ SmaU(?) sheet _ . of main mine. ture. Walnut Knob prospect: 34 No. 1...... Sterrett (1923 p. 177). 34 No. 2...... Sterrett (1923 p. 177).

Watauga County

61 USGS- ... 1930's(?) . .. Cut 30 long, 15 deep _ ...... Ruled, bent, soft, moderately stained ... Small sheet...... prospect. 38 USQS. ... 1951.-.-.- ...... Ruby, clear, hard, bent, ruled, cracked. - -..-.do...... 35 USGS_-_.._ __ 1Q43-44 -do

46 CMC. ... 1904 Pinkish buff, clear, small ...... --.-do .... . 45 Dobbins (Old Dobbin) Sterrett (1923, 1890, 1900, WWI, At southwest end 5 adits, Green, "A" structure, concentrated near Moderate sheet .... mine. p. 269), USGS. 1929. 2 shafts, pits. Northeast core; reddish brown, hard, bent, ruled, 750, 3 shafts, 2 adits, small moderately stained, concentrated in cuts. wall zone. 56 USGS, CMC...- 1915, WWII, Cut 100 long, 10 deep; adit- . Reddish brown, "A" structure, hard, Small sheet...... 1950'S(?). ruled, bent, cracked, stained.

54 USGS--...-...... 1890' s, WWII.. . near core. 55 USGS----...... 1950's(?).._ -- ... 47 CMC- ... IQIfi WWTT

Arney Foster mines: 51 East ...... Sterrett (1923, p. Pre-WWI...... 270), USGS. caved adits. stained. 51 T*ro_WWT Cut, adit . . - 270), USGS. 51 Wnst Pre-WWII Reddish brown, biotite intergrowths, 270), USGS. cline(?). ruled, bent. 4Q TTCJ I""1 Q 1950's __ .... 49 Sterrett (1923, p. "Pro WTWT p. 270). 58 CMC...... 1941 ...... Reddish-brown, hard, cracked, biotite --..do -- - intergrowths; small. 52 USGS IQR/VQ Ruby, biotite intergrowths, loeky, bent, ruled. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 29 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike 3 Dip Plunge

JEFFERSON-BOONE DISTRICT Continued Ashe County Continued

NE_ SE ...... and horn­ net, beryl. Q core. Muscovite gen­ blende gneiss. erally along core footwall. First mined by the Indians. 15-20 T _ _ . N coarse grained; accessory beryl; Q core. 8T....--______F-Q-M wall zone; discontinuous Q core. Muscovite along core margins. 1.5-2 T...... _... NE... . SE._ .. net. Lens ____ . 5T-_..-______NE SE...... do . do .. Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite. 6 T...... NE..._-. BE...... do. 2-17 T, >100 L, NE... BE.. sw . ... Mica gneiss.. __ .do _ ... Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium grained; >60D. accessory biotite, apatite, garnet, uraninite(?); P-Q core, coarse grained. NE...... SE...... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. NE...... SE...... blende and coarse grained; accessory garnet, mica gneiss. beryl. 3-8 T__...... NE...... SE...... - do _._. gneiss. coarse grained; accessory beryl; Q core. F-Q-M pegmatite. 8-10 T...... NE...... SE...... Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite. gneiss. NE..... SE...... ant. coarse grained; accessory beryl, garnet. 1-4 ft mica zone along footwall. Small stringers and pods of pegmatite and quartz flank main body. First worked by Indians in opencut. do...... N...... E . . Concordant (?).. do Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite. Muscovite concentration along walls. Mica gneiss inclusion near hanging wall. NE...... SE...... do...... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core.

Watauga County Continued

gneiss. grained; Q core, discontinuous. Poorly exposed. NE...... SE...... Mica gneiss _ _ . F-Q-M pegmatite. l-4T_-_. _ - NE...... SE...... Kaolinized Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite; swell. and hornblende accessory garnet. gneiss. No pegmatite exposed. NE...... SE.-...... ant. grained; Q core.

NW . NE...... do ...... Weathered... -_. Pl-Q-P-M wall zone, fine to coarse swell, >10 T, upper biotite and grained; accessory biotite; Q core. tabular. body 1-7 T. hornblende 2 similar pegmatites mined. gneiss. NE...... SE...... -..do ...... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core...... do...... >5 T...... NE...... do do...... F-Q-M-B wall zone; Q core. . ..do...... 6-8 T...... Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, medium to gneiss. coarse grained; accessory garnet, apatite. Gneiss altered to mica schist along contacts. NW...... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core?. Poorly exposed. NE...... NW .--.-. stringers. apatite, garnet, beryl. Poorly exposed. NW....--. NE...... -do ----- apatite, garnet, beryl. . .do. N...... E-...... do ...... do...... common...... do. . Vertical ... .do... . F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. tite and horn­ Sills and pods of pegmatite com­ blende gneiss. mon nearby. F-Q-M pegmatite. 1-5 T ...--.... N E...... Weathered (10 F-Q-M-B pegmatite, fine to medium swell. ft). grained. 269-720 67- 30 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN1 NORTH CAROLINA

TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 2 tion worked in feet)

JEFFERSON-BOONE DISTRICT Continued Watauga County Continued

58 CMC...... 1942...... Pit 60 P. A. Linney (Eich Sterrett (1923, p. Pre-WWI..--.--. Eeddish brown, hard, clear, mineral in­ do Mountain) mine. 270), TJSGS. clusions. 59 Sterrett (1923, p. 1900...... do...... 270), USGS. 36 DMEA...... WWII, 1952....--.. Euby, clear, hard, tied, ruled, cracked ... ..do.. 39 CMC ...... 1942 ..do...... 57 USGS ...... 1950's Cut 130 long, 15-20 deep; 2 Brown, clear, minor "A" structure, adits. biotite intergrowths; moderately bent, ruled. 50 USGS... 1955...... Cut 35... __. _ Euby, bent, biotite intergrowths, stained. 42 USGS...... 1905, 1929,1944. Cut 80, trench 150, adit 50- . Green, clear, hard, cracked; concen­ trated near hanging wall. (WWII). 48 USGS..-...... --. 1954-...... Cut 25...-. ... . ture, cracked, bent, small. 53 CMC...... 1942...... Eeddish brown, clear, small ______. do......

40 CMC. - 1935-40...... Clay stained...... feldspar. 37 CMC ...... 1943 62 CMC ...... WWII------. Shaft 25, drift ... ---do. - .. ... -do...... 44 Sterrett (1923, p. 1890 Pit ...... Eeddish and greenish brown ___ ...... 269). 43 CMC. 1903 WWII cuts. 62 CMC ...... WWII ... Pit Reddish brown, clear, small ______do.... 41 CMC. .... ----- WWII cracked, ruled, small.

WILKES DISTRICT Ashe County

66 USGS. .... 1956-57 Cut 80, adit 20, prospect Reddish brown, flat "A" structure, pits. ruled, stained, bent. 65 CMC ...... WWII ...... Reddish brown.. .- ______- do ...... 64 Luther (Joe Louis CMC ... 1900, WWII ... _ Cut...... do ...... Bomber) mine. 67 USGS 1956 ..- Cut 100 long, 15 deep.. _ ... Green, wedge "A" structure, ruled, bent, stained. Parsons prospects: 68 No. 1 USGS ...... 1966 ......

69 No. 2.... ._.- -. USGS ...... 1956 69 No. 3...... USGS ... ___ 1956 . 63 CMC- ...... 1943 12 small pits on 3 deposits... Clear, small __ _ ...

Caldwell County

95 Butler mine (Lower) ...... USGS, OF WWII...... 2 cuts 30-50, 3 adits 30-240... Yellowish green, bent, stained, mineral inclusions, reeved, ruled.

94 Butler mine (Upper) . . ... _ USGS...... WWH(?)...... 5 adits along line 200 ... Green, bent, ruled, small ...... 96 USGS ...... WWII . .... 9 cuts, pits, incline, adits, Yellowish to brownish green, some red­ Moderate sheet drifts, in area 100 by 350. dish brown, hard, clear, cracked. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 31 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

JEFFERSON-BOONE DISTRICT Continued Watauga County Continued

NE...-- SE Weathered.. ... - Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite. 5 T...... NE- NW. F-Q-M pegmatite, accessory apatite -....do...... Thin...... do Hornblende F-Q-M pegmatite. gneiss. .. do - a T win T NW _. SW ..do - .....do...... Q-P1-P-M-B pegmatite, medium to coarse grained. -do F-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained; accessory garnet, beryl. 10T _____ NE...... NW...... Weathered.-.. F-Q-M-B wall zone, medium to tite and horn­ (30ft). coarse grained; some graphic tex­ blende gneiss. ture; Q core, discontinuous. 2-4 T...... NW ._ NE_._ -do Hornblende Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite; accessory bio­ gneiss; biotite tite. alteration. 3-7 T...... NE...... SE...... do Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite; accessory gar­ net. do . 6-6 T...... NE...... SE ..... do ...... Hornblende Pl-Q-M wall zone; accessory garnet; gneiss. Q core, 3 ft thick. . .do...... 3-4T_ ... Interlayered bio­ Unweathered. . . F-Q-M pegmatite. tite and horn­ blende gneiss. 25T_ coarse grained. 2T...... NE...... Hornblende Unweathered... F-Q-M pegmatite; accessory garnet. gneiss. Poorly exposed. F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. F-Q-M pegmatite. Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite. 2-4 T...... NE..- SE...... grained; accessory garnet, beryl, apatite; Q core, discontinuous.

WILKES DISTRICT Continued Ashe County Continued

15-27 T, > 110 NW...... SW...... Saprolite (20 L. ft). ium to coarse grained; jointing and slickensides common. NE____.- SE._ .--, Tabular(?).__ 4-6 T...... NE..- 28 T ...... NE...... SE. ... ant. hornblende coarse grained, graphic texture; and biotite accessory tourmaline, garnet. gneiss. NE.___ ... SE...... do ...... do ...... P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, fine grained, lenses. graphic texture; accessory tourma­ line, garnet, biotite. Tabular... 8T __ ...... N ...... do...... do...... ture; accessory garnet, sericite...... do ... ..do...... F-Q-M pegmatite. NW ..

Caldwell County Continued

Irregular..... 15-25 T, > 100 NE...... SE...... SW-. Partly concord­ Hornblende Weathered Pl-Q-M border zone, fine to medium L. ant. gneiss. (10 ft). grained; Pl-Q wall zone, medium to coarse grained; graphic texture in part; Pl-Q-M outer intermedi­ ate zone, coarse grained, graphic texture; P-P1-Q-M inner interme­ diate zone, fine to coarse grained; Q core, discontinuous. Pegmatite sheared. Tabular...... >5T,200L..... NW...... SW...... __ .._ _ ._. ..do ...... Hornblende Weathered F-Q-M pegmatite, fine to coarse gneiss. (10 ft). grained; cut by faults. Pinch and 0.3-5 T, avg 1.5.. NE...... NW...... NE... - ... ..do...... Mica gneiss. . __ Weathered Pl-Q-M pegmatite; accessory tour­ swell. (30 ft). maline. 32 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUB RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLIN1A

TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 2 tion worked in feet)

WILKES DISTRICT Continued Watauga County

70 CMC. 1942. ______stained; west body, clear, "A" struc­ ture. 72 Sterrett (1923, p. Pre-WWI. ______269). cuts. 70 CMC.-.---. .. 1915__._. ...-.. Stained. ---__----______-____-_-. 71 USGS IQEn'af?"! 73 USQS- ______Pre-WWII 70 Sterrett (1923, p. 1895, 1905- Small sheet------269).

Wilkes County

85 Bam Hill mine __ .... USGS- WWII- ...

77 CMC-. .... - WWII. ... do 76 CMC. WWII, 1950's(?)-~ -do-. CMC WWII . do-- ... tion in doubt) . CMC_ _ WWII Clear-- -do.. cation in doubt) . 74 USGS- ... - 1950'S-_ ...... - North cut 200; south cut 100, adit. 82 CMC- - WWII Green. _ - _ _ - ______88 USGS 1942 Small sheet-- _____

93 USGS - 1920-30, 1950'S(?).. ley prospect. tite intergrowths. CO CMC.- ...... 1940 90 CMC- 1944 Cut, incline 25, drift 30 __ Green, clear, bent - ._ ------OQ CMC. 1944___ _ _ ... Yellowish green, clear, small----- _ _ . do-- - 03 Hodse prospect CMC. 1943 do do 01 CMC...... do. Clear.--- ___ . . __ _. _ ._ _ ___ do CMC.- ...... - 1942 Pit, adit 25 - do in doubt) . CMC. 1943 _ .do- do doubt) . "7Q CMC 1944 Small-..- _ -__---___- ___ _ _ - ______CMC._ ...... 1944 Small sheet.. .__ cation in doubt) . 91 W. A.Promttmme USGS- ... do (Upper). Q9 USGS- - 1Q1R 1Q9B WWTT do.. (Lower). strike length of 200. cracked, bent. 84 Zolly Shell (Creek) mine. . USGS, DMEA, 1932, WWII, 1950- Cut 200, incline 70, 3 irregu­ Yellowish to brownish green, clear, Moderate sheet __ OF. 52. lar drifts (caved OT re­ bent, cracked, ruled, tied, reeves. moved by cut) . on CMC- WWII, 1952...... OQ CMC-- ...... - WWII ...... pect. Ofi do 271). structure, small. CMC-- 1942 doubt). O*7 CMC.- .... WWII ..... Cut 200 long, 10-20 deep; 5 Stained, ruled, bent, cracked- _____ - Moderate sheet. . . adits. *7C CMC- - WWII ...... 75 CMC...... 1943 Green, stained, small. - ______Small sheet.. _ .. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 33 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

WILKES DISTRICT Continued Watauga County Continued

3 bodies 2-5 T._ _ NW - NE... . . Weathered (?)-.

F-Q-M pegmatite. 4-5 T ... . 5T ------NW... -. NE NW ._ Q-F-M pegmatite, sheared. (15ft). NE...... Pl-P-Q-M wall zone, Q core. Poorly exposed. ST.. ------NW . NE... . F-Q-M pegmatite; quartz streaks, 1 ft thick.

Wilkes County Continued

10T- NW NE. grained; accessory garnet. Poorly exposed. NE- SE_ . Do. Tabular... . F-Q-M pegmatite. 17 miles west of North Wilkesboro. Hendrix post office. 1-20 T---.. ... NE SE do. Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, fine to coarse ant. grained; several bodies exposed. of Mount Zion post office. Tabular.. __ NW NE Lower dike: Q-P1-M pegmatite; scat­ tered Q layers. Upper dike: 1-ft layers Q-M pegma­ tite, fine grained; in Pl-Q pegma­ tite, medium grained. -do-. . _ E 50° S_ core, 3 ft thick. F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. NE_ F-Q-M pegmatite. N . E _ Do. less than 5 T. Tabular.. ... 3-4 T- . Weathered (10 Do. ft). Do. F-Q-M pegmatite. 1.5 miles south­ west of Hendrix post office.

F-Q-M pegmatite. do.. F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. 10.5 miles west of North Wilkesboro. NE-.. . Tabular,. .. >200L.. NE._ 25° SE Q-P1-M pegmatite; local masses of Q pegmatite; accessory magnetite. do.. . 5T-_ E_ . S-. ... . do..- Pl-Q-M pegmatite; layers of Q peg­ matite 1 ft thick. No pegmatite exposed in last work in cut. Do. gneiss. ST.. ... NE_ SE post office. NE- NW. _ ...... torn of shaft. Vernon church. 1-lOT-. ... NW NE Weathered (20 F-Q-M pegmatite. ft). Do. Do. 34 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA

TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT PLUMTREE AREA Avery County

57 USGS-...... WWII?. .... Ridge). scrap, feldspar.

95 USGS, OF Pre-1920, 1934, WWII, 1957. underground workings in structure. area, 250 by 250 ft. 118 USGS--. Pre-WWII, WWII. and prospect pits. 26 USGS, CMC- 1900, WWII, 1955. incline 18. 89 USGS, CMC, Int. 1870-1929, A. mifo d. aHifa 9 cViaffQ Sterrett (1923, WWII. drifts and stopes. cracking. p. 179-180). 46 USGS, CMC, Pre-WWII, Small sheet, Bob Buchanan) mine. DMEA. WWII, 1955. bending, ruling, stain. scrap, feldspar.

81 USGS- Pro-WWTT ... -do...... several small cuts.

122 USGS---- Pre-WWII trated in core; brown, biotite inter- scrap, large growths, concentrated in wall zone. feldspar. 90 USGS- locricn 8 cuts, 50-200. - small. scrap, large feldspar. 109 USGS- 1955 Incline 55, drift 20

1 USGS-- Pre-WWIL-. mine. shafts (reported 160 deep). 97 Benfield (Tom Benfleld) USGS, CMC. 1895,1910, 1943-... 6 adits, one at least 120 ft Ruby, hard, minor stain. Some books Moderate sheet mine. long. All caved. have brown centers, green edges. 97 USGS-- Pre-WWII-. Cut __ . __

63 Byard Benfield mine __ . USGS, OF... 1885-95, 1903, 1925, 1943-45, area 100 by 150. elusions, biotite intergrowths, tied, large feldspar. 1950's. bent, ruled.

103 USGS, CMC.. Pre-WWII, Cut, adit 30 _ 1943-44. 12 USGS.--...... Pre-WWII Stained. post office). 40 Black (Vance) mine...... USGS------Pre-WWII, I960. Small sheet, small pits. stained. beryl.

8 Bluff mine..----.-.---... USGS, OF..... _ Int. 1890-1940, 1943-44. rooms. ing, ruling.

112 USGS- Pre-WWII . adits. sions. 111 Branch mine...... USGS----...... Pre-WWII Moderate sheet.. . . wall. 17 USGS-.-. .--.- Small sheet ......

80 Franklin Buchanan (Lee USGS- WWII.. _--_ _- .....do..-- . Cook) mine. ruled, hairlined.

129 Buck Hill mine. -.--_ _ USGS-. - Pre-WWII...... Moderate sheet, bent. feldspar.

124 Buck Hill Rock mine USGS-----.-.-. WWII(?)_ .. ------Moderate sheet?.-. pits in area 100 by 200. bent. 88 USGS- 1929..------.. Cut 80. . . . Moderate sheet.... mine.

77 Charlie Burleson USGS, DMEA. . 1900-10, 1920-25, Irregular cut 300, numerous Ruby, moderate stain, mineral inclu­ Moderate sheet, (Shuffle Vance) mine. WWII, 1950'S. adits, stopes in area 200 sions, biotite intergrowths, bending, feldspar. by 500. ruling. PEGMATITE DISTKICTS 35 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued PLUMTREE AREA Continued Avery County Continued

12 T. ... NE __ rtontlo T*JW hornblende ered. coarse grained; Q core. and biotite gneiss. 0-8 T...... NE_ __ Gentle NW. . do...... Pl-P-Q-M-B pegmatite, medium to ant. (20 ft). coarse grained; accessory garnet, pyrite. Lenses are in zone 10-15 ft thick. Late faults cut pegmatite. Tabular...... NW .... Pl-Q-M-B pegmatite, medium grained; accessory venniculite. . .do- 4-6 T__._ _ . _ NE...... SB...... ~ do_. ... Pl-Q-M-B pegmatite, medium gneiss. (10ft). grained; accessory garnet, sulflde minerals. Late fault cuts pegmatite. Irregular Several bodies NW...... sw ... . . SE...... -do-.. Intel-layered Weathered Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite; accessory gar­ lenses. 1-17 T. biotite and (70ft). net, uraninite?, vermiculite. hornblende gneiss. 50-65 T ...... NW NE...... Pl-P-Q-M-B wall zone, 7 ft thick, fine to medium grained; accessory garnet; P-P1-Q core, medium to coarse grained, accessory muscovite. -do . 12 T__ ...... NW SW...... Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, medium to biotite and coarse grained. Small lenses and hornblende stringers of pegmatite and quartz gneiss. abundant. ..do- 50 T, 225 L NE-.. . SE...... do...... Pl-P-Q-M wall zone, accessory biotite, vermiculite, garnet; P- Pl-Q-M core, coarse grained. NW- Gentle NE.... P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, fine to coarse 100-300 L. ant. biotite and ered. grained, accessory biotite, garnet hornblende gneiss. ..do- . NE...... SE...... Pl-P-Q pegmatite, graphic texture; 5-10 L. accessory biotite, muscovite, apa­ tite. Pl-P-Q pegmatite, medium grained; hornblende and accessory muscovite. biotite gneiss. 1-3 T NW . .. NE...... Concordant. .... Saprolite (15+ Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, medium to ft). coarse grained, accessory garnet. ST...... NE...... NW . -do_...... do.- .... Q-F-M pegmatite fine to medium grained. Prospect east of Benfleld mine. 40 T- ...... NW_ .... SW .. Pl-P-Q-M wall zone, fine to medium lens. grained; P-P1-Q-M outer inter­ mediate zone, medium to coarse grained; P-Q inner intermediate zone, medium to coarse grained; Q core; accessory biotite, garnet, pyrite, pyrrhotite, thulite. 1-2 T, 30 L.. _ . NE-...- SE...... Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory garnet, sericite. 5T- ..... NE...... SE.._ . .do. .. Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite; accessory bio­ hornblende and tite, apatite, allanite. biotite gneiss, 5-15 T, >100 L_. NE...... SE .... _ sw.. _ do.... _ . .... Saprolite (20 ft). F-Q-M wall zone, medium to coarse grained; accessory blue, green, and yellow beryl, garnet; Q core. Pros­ pects explored several parallel pegmatites. 3T...... _ NE...... SE...... do-...... Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, coarse grained; (10+ ft). accessory apatite, garnet, sericite. Larger lenses of fine grained Pl-P- Q pegmatite also present. Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite. gneiss. Tabular-­ 15 T...... _ .. N...... W..__ . F-Q-M pegmatite. 15 T, SOL. __ .. NE . SE...... do...... Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, medium to coarse grained; accessory biotite, garnet, sericite. 5-10 T, 200 L . NE...... Ht-pon MW NE... . Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained; pipe. ant. hornblende and accessory garnet. Pipelike mass biotite gneiss. consists of connected lenses in zone of contorted gneiss. Tabular...... >20T-..._ . NW ... P-P1-Q-M wall zone, medium to gneiss, biotite coarse grained; accessory biotite; Q schist altera­ core?. tion. - .do... 1-3 T...... NE. . SE...... -do...... Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory sericite, garnet. 15-30 T N ...... do-...... Pl-Q-P-M-B pegmatite, medium to coarse grained; accessory vermicu­ lite. Similar pegmatite worked in cut to northwest. Irregular, 1-25 T...... NE. . SE. _ ...... S...... do...... Weathered Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, medium to lenses. ant. (20 ft). coarse grained; accessory biotite, garnet, apatite. 36 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA

TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued PLUMTREE AREA Continued Avery County Continued

85 DMEA...... 1956-57-.-.--....

50 USGS-...... Cut 35...... _.. .do...... mineral inclusions. Light green, "A" structure, tied, cracked, ruled. 107 DMEA...... 1955-56. . . Cut 125, inclined shaft, 19 52 TJSGS, CMC.... WWII__._...... - do... of North Toe River). haircracks, bent, small. 14 USGS-...... 1956...... (north of Powdermilk shaft 18, drift. Creek). 132 TJSGS, CMC- WWII...... Cut 35, inclined shaft 20, .. do...... prospect pits. 128 Tom Carpenter (Old USGS...... Pre-WWII ... 3 adits, 2 are 100 ft long and Hennessey) mine. connected underground. ruling.

113 USGS ...... Pre-WWII.. .. Adit 50.. ... inclusions. 19 USGS...... WWII .... 2 cuts, each 20..- __ . ...

108 USGS, Sterrett Int. 1882-1936, also Reuben Green (1923, p. 182), WWII, 1950's. numerous stopes. Main minor ruling, bending, haircracks, mine) . OF. incline 750. mineral inclusions.

96 USGS _ 1959 ______3 cuts 100-150 long, 10-20 deep. 64 USGS- 1957-58... ______20 long, 15 high. 126 USGS- Pre-WWIL. ______Howard Smith mine. 42 Cliff mine. --_-._ . USGS, CMC.... WWII _ Shaft 20, drift 25, adit 30, pits. 41 USGS- Pre-WWII. along strike. 51 USGS, CMC 1920, WWII for 300 along strike. concentrated near core; brown, bent, cracked, stained, concentrated along hanging wall, footwall, and in footwall rolls. 4 USGS Pre-WWII, 1957. . Cut 100, 8 adits, drifts. bent. 5 Cow Camp South mine... USGS, DMEA.. Pre-WWII, 1951- Cut 350, 6 adits, in area 150 Ruby, minor bending, ruling, small ..... Moderate sheet, 57. by 350. large scrap. 74 Crab Orchard prospect .... DMEA. 1955 . Shaft 30, drifts 50- 91 USGS WWII Cut 25 ture, mineral inclusions, ruled, small. 79 Joe Davis Rock (Big USGS...... WWII, 1956 -do... Andy) mine. minor stain, small. 18 Deep Gap (Old Ben USGS WWII ... -do...... Aldridge) mine. 75 Doublehead mine (SE) USGS, Sterrett 1870, 1890's, 1920's, 10 cuts, 9 adits, drifts, Brown workings. (See (1923, p. 179), WWII, 1950'S. stopes, inclines, in area cracked, minor "A" structure, ruling, also Leaning Loucst DMEA. 200 by 500. bending, mineral inclusions, biotite mine.) intergrowths. 75 Doublehead mine (NW) USGS, Sterrett 1870, 1890'S, 1920'S, 4 cuts, adits, inclines, shaft- Brown, hard, clear, cracked, biotite in­ Small sheet; Cantrell workings. (1923, p. 179). WWII. tergrowths. feldspar.

76 South Doublehead mine... USGS. ______Pre-WWIL.. _____ Adit, cuts, pits ______Brown, hard, clear.. ______27 USGS, CMC 1905, 1933, WWII.. 600 along strike. cracked. feldspar. 121 Eli Rock mine __ . . USGS, CMC. 1905, WWII ___ cracked, bent, stained. 59 Elk mine------.-.. . Olson (1944, p. 65- 1883-1921, Int. 67), USGS, OF, 1922-44, 1952-59. stopes, in area 300 by mineral inclusions. DMEA. 1,050.

61 Emmons Knob mine.. ... USGS...... WWI, WWII, Cut 200, adits, drifts 1950'S(?). "A" structure, moderate bending, cracking. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 37 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued PLUMTREE AREA Continued Avery County Continued

Tabular... _ 0.5-3 T ...... NE...... SE...... Pl-Q-M wall zone, fine to medium biotite and grained; accessory biotite, garnet, hornblende apatite, sericite; P core, medium gneiss. grained. Tabular(?)-_. >20T.._ .... NE. ... SE...... -do..- . do- .. Pf-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory sericite, garnet, biotite. Tabular... _ 2-3 T...... NW ... . SW._ ...... do.- Saprolite (50ft). Eaolinized Pl-Q-M pegmatite; acces­ schist. sory sericite. -do.. N ...... Kaohnized Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite; ac­ cessory biotite. Pods, lenses- 0.5 T, 6 L. _ ... NE.. __ NW, SE. -do--- Kaolinized Pl-Q-M pegmatite, me­ hornblende and dium grained. biotite gneiss. Lens _____ IT, 15 L . NE...... SE...... do-.. . Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained; accessory sericite, garnet, biotite. Irregular 20 T, >100 L NW . NE., SW.-.- - do.. .. do.. -dO--. ... Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite; accessory bio- trough. tite-vermiculite (in strips 1-4 ft long, concentrated near footwall), allanite. Tabular.. __ 18 T-.- . _ , NE. . . SE . . do ...... do-- Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite; accessory pyr- gneiss. rhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, gar­ net. . .do...... 15 T, 100 L ... NE... . SE...... Concordant Hornblende Tin weathered _ . . Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium gneiss. grained; accessory sericite, biotite, garnet, allanite. 1-20 T, 100-650 NW SW...... SE ..... Weathered (15 PI (An22)-Q-M-P pegmatite, medium tongues. L, 15-40 ant. schist. ft). grained; accessory garnet, apatite, lateral width. epidote. Pegmatite foliated in part. Cut by faults. Main pegmatite split by gneiss inclusions. 1-3 T, 1-20 L... . NW SW.------Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, coarse grained; blende and accessory biotite. biotite gneiss. NW SW...... _. do... _- do ------P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, coarse grained; ant. accessory garnet. Other cuts in similar pegmatite to north. Pinch and 0.1-1.5 T...... NE...... NW ...... swell. gneiss. F-Q-M pegmatite, mostly in landslide masses. Lenses. _ ... (MT...... NE...... SE...... do...... Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained, some graphic texture. 0.5-8 T >300L. NW...... NE .do Pl-Q-M wall zone, fine to coarse swell. ant. grained; Q core. Platy structure and deformed mica common. Some kyanite in wallrock. 0-4 T...... NW ... NE. - . -do - Weathered (15 Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine grained. pinch and blende and ft). swell. biotite gneiss. 0.5-8 T, SOL... . NE-. . NW...... Saprolite (>30 Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite. Many ft). small lenses, some very rich in muscovite. - do...... 0-2 T Flat-.- do Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium to coarse grained; Q core. Weathered (20 Kaolinized F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. ft). 0-20T ... - N . E...... Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, medium to coarse grained; accessory biotite. 2-4 T--...... NE...... SE...... do.. . Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained. swell. NW. ... SW.- SE Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, medium to tabular, T 500 L; blende and ered. coarse grained; accessory iotite, lenses. lenses 1-10 T. biotite gneiss. garnet, apatite, tourmaline, pyrite. Numerous lenses of similar pegma­ tite have been prospected nearby. 15T,350L(?).._ NE--.. SE...... do... . Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, medium to tabular. ant. coarse grained, some graphic tex­ ture; accessory garnet, biotite, ver- miculite, allanite? Tabular 8-20 T.. NE...... Saprolite (30 ft).. Pl-Q-P-M-B pegmatite, medium and mica gneiss. grained; accessory vermiculite...... do 10 T...... NE.__. SE ...... _.-.do ...... Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, medium gneiss. grained; accessory biotite, sericite. 0.1-6 T, 5-60 L.. do... ----- Q-M wall zone, medium to coarse zone trends concordant. and hornblende grained; Pl(An 14)-Q-M core; NWand gneiss, kyanite- accessory garnet, apatite, pyr- dips NE. garnet gneiss. rhotite. Lenses in zone 8 ft thick in gneiss. Zone cut by faults and basalt dike. 1-7 T, 80 L -. NE...... PL-Q-M wall zone, fine to medium irregular ant. hornblende and (15 ft). grained; accessory garnet, epidote, bodies. biotite gneiss. thulite, sericite; Q core. Q-M peg­ matite (burr rock) present locally .a69-720 67- 38 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE; BLUE RIDGE, ESF NORTH CAROLIN1A TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued PLUMTREE AREA Continued Avery County Continued

44 TJSGS, CMC. Pre-WWII, WWII. bent, stained, cracked.

70 TJSGS . Pro WWTT

58 USGS Pro WWTT WWII, 1950's. 28 USGS . WWII. fnt 9^

83 USGS, CMC. 1925, WWII... mine. strike. 6 USGS, CMC. WWI, WWII, Callahan) mine. 1954(7).

123 DMEA, CMC.... WWII, 1954 .do... 37. 92 USGS Pre-WWII... _ feldspar. 108 USGS, OF 1890, WWII also Charlies Ridge caved works. minor ruling, bending, cracks, inclu­ mine). sions.

11 USGS - Pre-WWII-. .. 82 USGS Pre-WWII Adit... "A" structure, biotite intergrowths, feldspar. locky, small. 94 USGS Pre-WWII, 1954 moderately bent, small. 79 USGS 1913-14, 1923-24, Brown, moderately stained, biotite inter- Moderate sheet ... 1942. 45. growths, concentrated in wall zone; green "A" structure, in core. 86 USGS, CMC. WWII ...... Pnt A£\ Qfrnnp fiO growths, ruled. feldspar. 66 Hughes (A. A. Johnson) USGS, CMC. 1915, 1927, WWII . Cut 50, with adit 115 and Green, biotite intergrowths, stained, Small sheet mine. branching drifts 60 and small. (WWII). 35. Other caved cuts, shafts and adits. 13 USGS

131 USGS, CMC.. Int 1930's, WWII, 1950's. 136 USGS.CMC, WWII, 1954-57 DMEA. stained.

134 USGS..-...... 1890, WWII, 1954 . Cut 200, 2 adits, 150 and 100, several caved adits moderate cracks, bending, ruling. moderate scrap. and pits. 15 DMEA - 1954 ______. Cut 90, adit

93 USGS, Sterrett 1880, 1928-30, (1923, p. 181), WWII, 1957. pits, in area 200 by 450. large scrap. OF, CMC, DMEA. 65 USGS...... WWII...... 2 adits, 20 and 90, drift 45 ruled, cracked, mineral inclusions. 23 Will Jones mine (near CMC 1915, 1944...... Cut 30, adit 30... Rum, stained _ _ . do..- Lincoln Rock mine). 110 Sterrett (1923, p. 1874-76, Int 1906- 183), USGS. 36, WWII, bending, cracking, staining. 1953-57. 135 USGS...... 1890's. 1937, Cut 30, adit 105, drift 45; WWII. cut 30, adit 30. ing, staining. 84 USGS.... . "WWTT/^ "IQ^fi Cut 30, adit...... 75 DMEA ...... 1956-57 Cut 100, adit 130.... (just south of 1 Doubleheadmine). PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 39 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued PLUMTREE AREA Continued Avery County Continued

Tabular...... 20 T, 200 L NE._. _ SE. gneiss. (25 ft). accessory biotite, garnet, sericite; Pl-P-Q-M intermediate zone, coarse grained; discontinuous Q core. NE-... NW... hornblende and accessory garnet, epidote. biotite gneiss. 2-10 T..... NE...... NW...... do...... Saprolite (20 ft).. Irregular. .... 10 T? __ ...... NE__. Steep _ ...... do..... garnet; Q-M pegmatite, fine grained (burr rock), intermediate zone?; Q core. Tabular...... 6T, >300L.._.. NE... SE... do ...... do . Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, medium to coarse grained; accessory biotite, vermiculite, garnet...... do...... 30 T...... NW... SW-. . .do ...... Interlayered -do ...... P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medi­ biotite and um grained; accessory garnet, hornblende allanite, apatite, sericite. schist. 1-12 T...... NW--...._ NE.-. .do..-. . Saprolite (30 ft).. Kaolinized P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, swell. medium grained; accessory biotite. gneiss, biotite biotite. alterations. 0-5 T.. NW... sw...... SE- lenses. ant. accessory garnet. Pegmatite lay­ ered, contains streaks of fine grain­ ed muscovite and quartz. North­ east of Charlies Ridge mine. T1iif»1r NE...... NW ...... ed; P-PL-Q intermediate zone; accessory muscovite; Q core. Some graphic texture. 3-5 T...... NE_ Gentle NW-- Interlayered Unweathered-.. swell. hornblende and ed; accessory garnet; Q core, biotite gneiss. discontinuous. 3-10 T.- NE-. SE .do.. . coarse grained; accessory biotite, garnet, pyrite; Q-M core, discon­ tinuous. do.... 0.1-7 T, >90L.. NE... SE ...... do...... -dO.- ...... Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, medium grained; Some graphic texture; accessory biotite, garnet...... do.. A R T1 NE NW.-. do.. ... gneiss. grained; accessory biotite; numer­ ous gneiss inclusions in pegmatite. ft-1 <\ T NW.-_ SW...... do...... hornblende and biotite gneiss. Lens.. _ . 3-4 T, 40 L. NW...... SW...... do.... . Biotite gneiss ..... Weathered .. Kaolinized Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory garnet, sericite. 1_c np NW.._... SW... . .do.... Saprolite (30 ft) . medium grained; Q core, discon­ tinuous. Several other pegmatites prospected north of large cut. Tabular, 0.6-8 T, >150 L. N E...... Partly concord­ Biotite gneiss. . _ Partly weath­ PI-P-Q-M wall zone, medium to pinch and ant. ered. coarse grained; accessory garnet, swell. Q core, discontinuous. Tabular- 2-5 T... . NE... SE . Weathered Kaolinized P-P1-Q-M pegmatite; gneiss, biotite (30 ft). accessory biotite, garnet. alteration. 0.5-8 T, 10-100 Unweathered... Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, medium L. ant. hornblende and grained; accessory garnet, apatite, biotite gneiss, allanite?, pyrrhotite. biotite altera­ tion. Tabular... 5-7 T __ ...... NW.. SW.. Interlayered Weathered Pl-P-Q-M wall zone, medium hornblende and grained; Q core. biotite gneiss. -do... 1-3 T...... NE...... SE. .... do.... Unweatnered--- Pl-Q-M pegmatite. Lenses.. _ . 1-lOT..-. NW....- SW...... SE do..__ Weathered __ . Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium ant. grained; accessory garnet. 1-8 T NW...... SW _ do.. Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained. Tabular(?) ... ST...... NE. .. SE.. .. .do.... Weathered. __ F-Q-M pegmatite. 1-15 T,.._ ...... NE... SE . - do...... Partly weath­ P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, medium to ered (10 ft). coarse grained. 40 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE! EST NORTH CAROLINA

TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued PLUMTREE AREA Continued Avery County Continued

9 USGS.-- .. Pre-WWII - Cuts, adits, inclines, con­ Moderate sheet. -. necting stopes, area 100 by 400. 22 USGS, OF __-_ 1925, WWII 7 cuts, stopes, adit, in­ Reddish brown, clear, biotite inter- clines, in area 100 by 450. growths. 7 USGS .. -... 1916 - 19 shafts, adit, prospect pits Stained. ... in area 100 by 500. 54 Little Elk Ridge mine - USGS. . . 1926, 1928, 1931, Cut, adit 30, prospect pits Light brown, hard, moderate cracking, Moderate sheet. . . 1943. ruling, staining. 55 USGS ...... WWII-.---... _... Light brown, reeved, mineral inclusions, hair cracked. 45 USGS ...... Pre-WWII .... Brown, clear, biotite intergrowths, Small sheet, scrap, cracked, mineral inclusions; Green, feldspar. wedge "A" structure, stained.

56 USGS, CMC..... WWII...... Green, reeved, biotite intergrowths, bent, Small sheet .. haircracks. 48 Sterrett (1923, p. Cuts, pits, 6 adits, large Brown, large, stained, moderately bent, >200 tons sheet 177), Olson connected stopes 250 by cracked, ruled. Mica concentrated and punch. (1944, p. 56), 900. Work in 1950' s most­ near hanging wall and gneiss inclusions. USGS. ly surface cuts west of stoped area.

47 USGS --__-- Pre-WWII.. __--.- Small sheet - --

102 Moulton (Big Meadow) USGS; OF...... 1880-90, 1943-44, Cut 250 long, 50 deep; drifts, Green, soft, haircracks, ruled, clay Moderate sheet. . . mine. 195S. prospect pits. stained. 43 USGS, CMC...-. 1909, WWII ... Light brown, reeved, haircracked, small- Small sheet-.. 16 Oaks Knob (Burnt) mine- USGS - 1928-29, 1936-38 Moderate sheet. __ along strike. 49 USGS, CMC..... WWII. ------6 small cuts, 2 adits, 35 and Greenish brown, color banding, tied, Small sheet, feld­ 45. stained. spar. 105 USGS...... 1900, 1929, WWII, Cut 300, adits, cuts, drifts.. . Moderate sheet- . - 1955.

72 Penstock (Race?) mine USGS, CMC. .. WWI, WWII . Small sheet, feld­ spar. 10 USGS...... Pre-WWII- . Shaft, adit 100 Small sheet. _ ...

98 USGS ...... Pre-WWII Small sheet, feld­ spar.

71 USGS ... 1959 ------Small scrap, feld­ spar. 87 USGS ...... 1954 Small sheet......

73 Sterrett (1923, p. 1870-85, 1906, Several connecting adits Greenish brown, "A" structure, stained, Moderate sheet, 181), CMC, 1925, WWII. more than 300 long, small ruled, bent. scrap. USGS. stopes. 24 Powdermill (Big, Shaft, Sterrett (1923, p. 1906, 1924, WWII, Cuts, inclined shafts, Greenish brown, hard, biotite inter­ Moderate sheet, McKinney) mine. 183), USGS, 1952. stopes, 400 along strike, growths, stained, bent, cracked. feldspar. CMC, DMEA. 100 deep.

20 Powdermill Creek mine... USGS. .-...... Brown, minor "A" structure, commonly Small sheet..--. cracked, tied, stained, bent. 21 USGS, CMC..... WWII . ... - _ Reddish brown, mineral inclusions, do reeved, cracked, stained, bent. 3 Pritchard prospect ...... USGS ...... Small-. Small sheet, feldspar. 2 Puncheon Camp mine _ . USGS .. -. Cut 200--.-...... Feldspar..----. .

130 USGS, CMC..... 1915 ' WWII 3 shafts, 80 deep, drifts 200, stopes(?) PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 41 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued PLUMTREE AREA Continued Avery County Continued

3-7 T N E Concordant..- Biotite gneiss .._ Partly weath­ Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium to ered. coarse grained. Large lens to north has Pl-Q-M wall zone, Pl-Q inter­ mediate zone; P core. NE.. SE-_ ...... 8 .- . ... . _do.-- Interlayered Pl-Q-M-B pegmatite, medium to L. hornblende and coarse grained; accessory allanite, biotite gneiss. apatite, garnet. rPaVmlarf?'l NE_ NW-.. ... - Hornblende Weathered - No exposures, shafts less than 80 ft gneiss, deep. Heavy flow of water. All workings inaccessible. 4 T >80 L NE. ... SE ... do Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory garnet, sericite, biotite. 4T, 20L NE SE -do.. ... Mica gneiss.-.- ... Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory biotite, garnet, sericite. NW sw ...... -do .... . - Pl-Q-M wall zone, P intermediate zone; Q core; graphic texture com­ mon; accessory apatite, garnet, biotite, uraninite. Brown musco- vite in upper workings; green mus- covite in Iswer. NE SE do Unweathered Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory sericite, biotite, garnet. A KIA T1 \Qnft NW NE...... N ... do Pl-Q-M-P wall zone, fine to coarse tabular, L. ant. grained, Pl-Q-M intermediate anticlinal. zone, coarse grained, P-Q core, coarse grained. Numerous gneiss inclusions. Pegmatite cut by faults and joints. Accessory biotite, gar­ net, allanite, epidote, calcite- thulite. Gneissic texture common in wall zone. NE ... BE ...... Mica gneiss. __ - Pl-Q-M pegmatite; accessory gar­ net. Several discordant pegmatite bodies exposed near mine. 1 0 rp -1 of\ T NW NE., SW..... __do ...... Saprolite (60ft)- Kaolinized F-Q-M- pegmatite. Min­ branching. ant. ing hampered by large flow of water in cut. NE SE do Unweathered -_ Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite. 2 4T_- ... NW ... SW ...... do ... Hornblende Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite. Numerous gneiss. lenses in one zone. NW NE...... Discordant. Mica gneiss.--. _ Unweathered _ P-P1-Q-M wall zone, fine to coarse grained; accessory garnet, apatite; Q core. NE ..... SE._...... do ~ Saprolite (30 ft).. Lower pegmatite: Pl-Q-M wall zone, tite 1-3 T; medium grained; Q core. Upper upper pegma­ body: Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, me­ tite 3-6 T. dium to coarse grained. NW . SW...... do . Unweathered P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, coarse grained accessory allanite. NE--. - Interlayered bio­ F-Q-M pegmatite. Another deposit tite and horn­ 300 ft southwest contains pegma­ blende gneiss. tite cut by basalt dike. P-P1-Q-B-M pegmatite, coarse grained; biotite and vermiculite in strips 2 ft long, graphic texture common; accessory pyrite. Kfi rnf>\ Mica gneiss..- Partly weath­ P-P1-Q-M-B pegmatite, coarse ered. grained; accessory garnet. I 15 T ..----. Flat...... Biotite gneiss.- - P-P1-Q-B-M pegmatite, medium to swell. coarse grained; graphic texture common; accessory sulfldes. Biotite in strips 1.6 ft. long. Tabular(?)_- 4-lOT--. .... NW-NE- Gentle NE-SE. Partly concord­ Mica gneiss, ------Weathered Pl-Q-M pegmatite, epidote veinlets ant. (16ft?). cut pegmatite. 4-30 T E. . SteepS...... do... ----- Hornblende Weathered Pl-Q-M-B wall zone, medium tabular. gneiss. (36 ft). grained; accessory apatite, allanite. P-P1-Q core, medium to coarse grained; accessory muscovite, bio­ tite. Lens. ----- 3T - --- NW - SW_...... Concordant- _ . Interlayered Partly weath­ Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium to hornblende and ered. coarse grained; accessory sericite, biotite gneiss, tourmaline. NE--.... SE..-. ._.._... ..do . . do... ------Un weathered- .. Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, medium swell. grained; accessory sericite, biotite, tourmaline, allanite?. 6T-- .- .- Partly weath­ F-Q-M wall zone, medium grained; ered. Q core. oe rr\ Flat-..,-..-... P-P1-Q-M pegmatite; accessory hornblende and epidote, vermiculite. Pegmatite biotite gneiss. cut by basalt dikes and epidote veinlets. 6T------NW...... SW.-_ Concordant(?)_- Biotite gneiss. Weathered F-Q-M pegmatite. Lenses pinched (50 ft). out in deep workings. 42 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE KIDGB BST NORTH CAROLINA

TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued PLUMTREE AREA Continued Avery County Continued

100 USQS, CMC..... 1890's, WWII.-.- Cut 80, pit. 35 125 USQS, CMC..... WWH _.._ 127 USQS, CMC . 1900, WWI, 1935, WWII, other cuts, adits to NW. stain, bending, ruling. Pyrrhotite 1950' s. Workings extend 500. inclusions.

106 USQS WWII...... Cut 40-..-..-

53 USGS ...... 1930's WWII 25 USQS ...... Pre-WWII, WWII. incline 60 at southeast end. 104 USQS ...... 1900(7), WWII, (See also Pancake 1956. 2 adits. scrap. mine.) 68 USQS, CMC, WWII, 1953-60 OF. area 300 by 450. tied. feldspar.

126 DMEA...... 1955-66 Cut 120, incline 40, drifts Small sheet...... 64. 69 USGS, CMC WWII 2 cuts with adits, 1 >70._ Camina) mine. feldspar. 101 USQS, Sterrett 1890, 1907-10, (1923, p. 183). WWII, 1957. adits in area 200 by 800. 60 USGS- ... Pre-WWII-. Adit.. - Ruby, clear __ . __ . .... Small sheet......

62 USQS ...... 1957 . do......

67 USQS ... . WWI(?), int Cut 200, numerous pros­ Green, "A" structure, bent, stained ... Feldspar...... 1950's. pect pits or shafts (caved). 119 DMEA - 1951-52 Green, "A" structure, hard, cracked .... Small sheet...... 120 USGS 1950's__.._ Cut 140..-- . Green, bent, cracked, stained... _ - 133 USGS 1922, 1929-31. Cut, adits, shafts, area of Brown, "A" structure, biotite inter- Moderate sheet.. . mine. 1939-40, 1950's. several acres. Workings growths, stained, bent, clay stained. shallow. 114 Wolf Ridge mine...... USGS 1924, 1926, 1930, Cut 100, incline 100, other Pinkish buff, "A" structure, reeved, Moderate sheet, 1937-38, WWII. caved or filled inclines. tied, bent, cracked, ruled, minor bio­ feldspar. tite intergrowths. 99 USQS ...... 1936, WWII Ruby, "A" structure, hard, clear. .... Small sheet, feldspar (?).

MitcheU County

36 Birch (Steven Qreene) USQS, OF... _ .. 1900, 1914-20, 1925, Incline and stope >500; Brownish green, clear, moderately ruled, Large sheet, mine. 1929, 1942-47, several adits, shafts. bent, tied. scrap. 1955-59.

31 USQS, CMC, 1928-34, WWII, Cut 150 long, 40 deep, adits Moderate sheet... DMEA. 1956. 40, incline 55, drift 70. 37 USQS...... WWII

30 USQS ...... WWII Cut 40, 2 adits 65 Light brown, "A" structure, ruled. .. Small sheet...... 115 Falls (Arnold Rock USQS . WWII, 1950'S.. _ Greenish brown, reeved, tied, bent, Feldspar ...... Charlie Hole) mine. cracked, small.

38 Happy Hill (Jeff USGS ...... 1895, 1910, 1930, 6 cuts, 4 adits in area 100 by Green, hard, ruled, stained- ...... Moderate sheet, Burleson) mine. WWII. 250. scrap. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 43 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock, structure Strike Dip Plunge

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued PLUMTREE AREA Continued Avery County Continued

NW...... SW...... Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. 0-4 T...... NW...... SW...... Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained. 5-22 T...... NW _ SW_...... do...... P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, medium to lenses. coarse grained; accessory sericite, biotite, garnet, vermieulite. Mus­ covite in rich pockets. Fine grained pegmatite to west. Pegmatite faulted. Tabular...... 10 T...... NE-.-.. SE...... do. Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory garnet, biotite, vermiculite. Tabular...... 1-8 T...... NW...... SW...... ant. hornblende and vermiculite; P-P1-Q core. biotite gneiss. Tabular (?).._ 3-5 T...... Weathered Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained. (20ft). Pegmatite sheared, faulted. Poor exposures. 1-10 T-...... VariaVilo branching, hornblende and grained; P-Q core, coarse grained, pinch and biotite gneiss, discontinuous; accessory garnet, swell. biotite allanite, pyrite, thulite. Cut by alteration. numerous joints and faults and a diabase dike. 1-15 T...___ ..... NE..-. . NW...... Saprolite Pl-Q-M wall zone, fine to medium ant. (40ft). grained; accessory sericite, biotite; P-P1 core, fine grained. Pinch and 5-15 T-...._._ ... NE--.~_ . NW...... -do. ... Interlayered horn­ Un weathered ... Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium grained; swell. blende and bio­ accessory garnet; P-P1-Q-M core, tite gneiss. fine to coarse grained. NW ... NE.. -do- ... Weathered ...... Kaolinized F-Q-M wall zone; Q gneiss. core, discontinuous. 1-4 T, 6-16 L . NE...... SE-...... Unweathered _ Pl-Q-M-P pegmatite, fine to medi­ hornblende and um grained; accessory garnet. biotite gneiss. 20-40 T, >200 L. NW .... NE... .do ...... do Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite fine to coarse ant. grained; Q fracture fillings. Most of lens is fine grained, locally coarse grained near hanging wall. Lens(?) ______15 T...... NW ... SW.. .do Weathered P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, fine to coarse (>15ft). grained; accessory biotite. Lenses... _ 1-5 T, 15-20 L NE...... BE... ____ NE... do .. Mica schist ...... Pl-Q-M pegmatite, coarse grained. Tabular...... 10-20 T._ NE... . SE. __ ...... do Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite. Saprolite (+30 Kaolinized P-P1-Q-M-B pegmatite. ft). Schist inclusions common. Expo­ sures poor. 10-20 T...... _ NW - SW. ... S ... Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, medium to lenses. ant. coarse grained; accessory biotite, garnet, sericite, apatite. Other peg­ matite to east mined for feldspar. 8-10 T.... _ .... NE...... Weathered ___ F-Q-M pegmatite, Poor exposures.

Mitchell County Continued

Irregular, 1-25 T, >500 L_. NE SE .... SW. Partly concord­ Hornblende Partly weath­ Irregularly zoned: Pl-P-Q-M peg­ tabular. ant. gneiss, biotite ered (100 ft) matite, fine to coarse grained in alteration. upper workings; PI pegmatite, coarse grained; accessory quartz, muscovite, garnet, in lower work­ ings with Pl-M pegmatite along footwall, center, or hanging wall; Q-P1 pegmatite, fine to medium grained, locally. Muscovite concen­ trated in areas of low dip. Pods.. _ . ... 1-1.5 T...... NE... _ - SE ...... sw.... _ tite and horn­ of muscovite are in the gneiss ad­ blende gneiss. jacent to pegmatite pods. Lens...... 12T,25L .... NE.. SE...... do Biotite gneiss ..... Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, fine to coarse grained; accessory garnet, biotite, sericite. Tabular...... 3-4 T, 75 L NE 90°- ...... do Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory garnet, sericite. Tabular...... 25-30 T, 250 L E...... 0-45° S Unweathered- .. P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, medium to coarse grained; graphic texture common; accessory biotite, garnet, apatite. Ellipsoidal ... 7-15 T...... NE.... SE...... NE.. ant. accessory garnet, sericite. 44 MICA DEPOSITS OF TUB BLUE, RIDGE) IN NORTH CAROIjINlA

TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued PLUMTREE AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

33 USGS...... Pre-WWII mine. 35 Bill Hughes mine ...... USGS .._ _ .. WWII.. .._...... do ...... 117 USGS...... WWII ...... - Cut 20...... do ...... sions, cracked, stained, small. 39 USGS--...... 1900, 1935, 1944. .

29 Little Hawk Bidge USGS, DMEA... 1920, 1924, WWII, (3 ohn) mine. 1950's. 50, 6 adits, large stopes bending. Some "A" structure, tied, 400 long, 10-100 deep. mineral inclusions.

116 USGS _ Pre-WWII-. ...

34 USGS WWII...... Cut 18, adit 15.... 32 Bob Wise (Hawk Ruby) USGS, DMEA 1900, 1932, WWII, Cut 125, several adits, shaft Euby, hard, clear, mineral inclusions .... Moderate sheet mine. 1955-56. 27, prospect pits.

GLEN AYRE AREA Mitchell County

141 USGS...... Pre-WWII

140 USGS ...... WWII......

137 USGS ...... Pre-WWII-.- _ Pnf ^fl 143 USGS...... 1934, WWII Cut 53--...... inclusions, bent. 142 USGS...... 1956 . _ ...... Cut 150... . _ .... -do ...... haircracks. 139 USGS. .. .. Pre-WWII feldspar. 138 USGS, DMEA... WWH, 1954 Cut 70, drift 20- ___ ...... Queen) mine.

HAWK-BAKERVILLE AREA Mitchell County

166 DMEA 1954-55...-.. .. Cut 25, adit 85

188 USGS.. - WWII--...-..... pits 400 along strike. 194 USGS ...... WWI, WWII, Small sheet(?) .. 1955. growths, small. 155 Bardon (Bordon) mine- ... USGS, DMEA... Pre-WWII, Cut 50, shaft 60 drifts 94-... Euby, ruled, bent ______.__. _--.. Moderate sheet, 1954. feldspar. 160 USGS. 1957- . .. Cut 50---......

149 USGS...... Pre-WWII.-.. . Cut 75...... commonly ruled, mineral inclusions, stained. 197 USGS 1900, WWII...... Small sheet(?)_ - cut 70, adit 80. 159 USGS . 1905 1933 mine. W'WII/1955- growths. sheet(?). 56.

183 USGS...... WWII, 1954 .... PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 45 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued PLUMTREE AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

Tabular ...... 3 T, >100 L, NW _ NE...... Hornblende Pl-Q-M pegmatite; accessory biotite, >50D. gneiss. vermiculite, garnet. ..do NE...____ SE ...... do Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite; acces­ sory biotite, garnet, sericite. Tabular(?) NE SE ...... do .... Hornblende Un weathered- .- Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite; accessory seri­ gneiss. cite, garnet, biotite. Pinch and 1-7 T ...... NE_ . - SE ...... - .do Hornblende Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite; accessory gar­ swell. gneiss, biotite net. alteration. Pinch and NE SE E ... . Partly concord­ Interlayered Weathered Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium grained; swell, ant. biotite and (25-50 ft). Pl-Q-P intermediate zone, medi­ elongate hornblende um to coarse grained, Q-P core, lens. gneiss. in southwestern part; northeastern part unzoned Pl-P-Q-M pegma­ tite; accessory biotite, sericite, garnet pyrite. 6T - NE-. - NW - Hornblende Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite; accessory bio­ gneiss, biotite tite, vermiculite, garnet. alteration. 0.5-3 T NW SW.. - do ...... - _ Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory garnet, sericite. Lens, pods... 1-20 T _____ . NE...... NW., SE SW Partly concord­ Interlayered do Pl-P-Q-M-B pegmatite, medium ant. hornblende and grained; accessory garnet. biotite gneiss.

GLEN AYRE AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

40 T N E...... Partly concord­ Hornblende Kaolinized Pl-P-Q pegmatite; acces­ ant. gneiss. sory biotite, vermiculite, garnet, muscovite. 10T NW... . SW.. Pl-Q-M-B pegmatite, fine to medi­ um grained; accessory garnet, sericite. 5-10 T - NW NE...... do Hornblende Kaolinized Pl-P-Q pegmatite; acces­ gneiss. sory vermiculite. Tabular.. ... 10-12 T...... NE... _ SE ...... Q-P1-M pegmatite, medium to coarse grained; accessory sericite, garnet. 1-2 T, 2-20 L- NE NW...... - do .. - Pl-Q-M pegmatite; accessory bio­ tite. Tabular(?) 4 and 7 T... NW NE __ Partly concord­ Hornblende P-P1-Q-M-B pegmatite, medium to ant. gneiss. coarse grained; accessory vermicu­ lite. Branching, 1.5-7 T, 100 L-- E Vertical NE Interlayered Un weathered- .. Pl-P-Q-M-B pegmatite, medium to pinch and hornblende and coarse grained; accessory garnet. swell. biotite gneiss.

HAWK-BAKERVILLE AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

Tabular...... 15-25 T __ . NE Steep _____ NE Discordant ... . Hornblende Un weathered... Pl-Q-P-M wall zone?, medium to gneiss. coarse grained, discontinuous; P- Q-P1-B core? medium grained, gneissic. Pinch and 0.5-3 T. _ . __ . E . S ...... Concordant- F-Q-M pegmatite. swell. Pinch and 1-6 T ______NE. _ ... SE Partly concord­ Mica gneiss- Weathered ... . Pl-Q-P-M-B wall zone, medium to swell, ant. schist. coarse grained; P core, coarse lenses. grained. 1-8 T ...... NE SE...... - SW.. __ Pl-Q-P-M wall zone, medium grained; accessory pyrite, Q core. 1-5 T, 20 L NE SE NE Coneordant(?) Interlayered Partly weath­ Pl-Q-B-M pegmatite, medium biotite and ered. grained. hornblende gneiss. Tabular ...... 5-10 T . _ NE SE ...... - -do . Pl-Q-M pegmatite; fine to medium grained; accessory garnet. 0-11 T . _ ... NE SE NE -do Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained. Several mica-poor peg­ matite bodies in adit. Anticlinal Several bodies NE-. NW., SE.__- SW ..do . Interlayered Partly weat'i- Pl-P-Q-M-B wall zone, medium lenses. 1-40 T, ID- biotite and ered. to coarse grained; accessory garnet, 120 L. hornblende epidote, allanite?. Q core, acces­ gneiss. sory pyrite. Small lenses to south­ west. 0-3 T .. __ NW ... - SW - .do Biotite gneiss. .... Unweathered- - . Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory garnet. 46 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGEl EST NORTH GAROEUCNiA.

TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued HAWK-BAKERVILLE AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

150 USGS.... Pre-WWII...... Small sheet, feldspar.

171 USGS.. WWII...... Small sheet (?) _. inclusions, cracks. 151 USGS...... Pro WWTT Buchanan mine. shaft 30. 178 USGS...... Small sheet(?), and thin. feldspar.

176 USGS...... WWII(?)...... Cut 60-... -- .. -

185 J. K. Buchanan (Milt USGS, DMEA, 1936-45, 1954-55 __ 3 shafts, incline 250, cuts Cinnamon brown, moderate "A" struc­ Large sheet, Wilson) mine. Dahners and prospect pits. ture, mineral inclusions, ruled, scrap. Mclntosh, cracked. (1948), OF. 184 USGS...... 1911, WWII, Light green, minor "A" structure, 1954-56. stope, shaft 25 to NE. reeves, stain, cracks, ruling.

148 USGS...... WWII...... Light brown, greenish edges, ruled, prospect pits. haircracked, stained. 1QQ USGS, DMEA.., T*rp WWTT 1QP.fi Small sheet. _ drifts 78, 2d incline 34, stain, cracks. near road. 175 USGS, DMEA... Reddish brown Oianging wall), brown­ Stevenson) mine. 1939-45, 1952, 150, shaft 65 with incline ish green (footwall), minor stain, 1956. 25, and drifts 85, inclined mineral inclusions, ruling, bending, shaft 49. cracking.

196 Jeff Byrd (Sheep USGS, DMEA... 1904, WWII, 4 shafts, deepest 95, adit 75, Ruby, minor cracks, bending, clay stain- Moderate sheet. _. McKinney) mine. 1952-58. drifts, stopes, cut 200.

170 1869, int to WW­ Ruby, hard, minor stain, bending, (1923, p. 245- II, 1952, 1958- 30 deep, 14 shafts 60-350 ruling. Mica concentrated in 3 steeply 247). 60. deep, stoped area 200 plunging shoots. long, 300-350 deep.

180 Cloudland (Fizzle) mine__ USGS, Sterrett 1870-1900, int Cut 250 long, 75 deep, shaft, Ruby, hard, stained, moderate ruling, Large sheet, some (1923,p. 247- 1900-39, WWII, adits, drifts, stopes, 320 bending, cracking. feldspar. 248), DMEA. 1958-59. along strike, 200 deep. OF.

182 USGS...... 1935-37, WWII- ... Ruby, biotite intergrowths, stained, Moderate sheet, ported). haircracks. feldspar.

172 USGS---.-...... 1956...... Green, clear, small. _ ... .- ...... Small sheet...... 191 USGS- _ ...... Pro-WWTT 1QAQ Green "A" structure, ruled, haircracks, ....do...... shaft 50, drifts 40. biotite intergrowths, stained.

181 USGS...... WWII-..-.-..... Cut 90- - Light brown, hard, reeved, tied, ruled, small. 181 USGS. _ ...... Pm WWTT Light brown, clear, hard, ruled, bent over strike distance 250. 177 DMEA...... 1QKC Cut 100-. . Ruby, biotite intergrowths, stained, Small sheet...... cracked, small. 117 USGS-- IQCfl do.. 144 USGS-...... Pre-WWII. . Dark greenish brown, biotite inter­ Small sheet (?)-... pits. growths. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 47 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Coatinued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued HAWK-BAKERVILLE AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

Tabular(?).__ >20 T___ ...... NE.. - texture common; accessory ver- miculite, garnet, hyalite. Pegma­ tite walls not exposed. poorly exposed. Tabular(?).._ >600L__..._ . NE . SE...... Pl-P-Q pegmatite, medium grained; gneiss. accessory muscovite, garnet. P-P1-Q-M-B pegmatite, coarse grained, graphic texture common; accessory vermiculite, garnet apa­ tite. Tabular ...... NE...... SE ...... Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory biotite, garnet, sericite. 1-20 T, avg 12... NE SE. SW. ..do ...... do...... (30ft). coarse grained; accessory sericite, garnet, apatite, kyanite; Q-P core, discontinuous. Lenses, 0-7 T...... NE... . SE., SW SW . .do.. Hornblende Unweathered. - . Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium grained, pinch and gneiss, biotite discontinuous, P-P1-Q-M inter­ swell. alteration. mediate zone, fine to medium grained; Q core. Accessory garnet, sericite. Lenses in zone of drag- folded gneiss. NE SE...... biotite, sericite. Tabular, 1-6 T, >120L NE...... SE...... Weathered Pl-Q-P-M wall zone, medium to pinch and hornblende and (20ft). coarse grained; accessory biotite, swell. biotite gneiss. serioite, tourmaline; P core, dis­ continuous. Some graphic texture. 3-15T,>165L_. NE...... Variable SE... SW., NE. Pl-Q border zone, fine grained, dis­ tabular. ant. hornblende and continuous; accessory muscovite, biotite gneiss; garnet; Pl-Q-M wall zone, coarse biotite altera­ grained, discontinuous; Pl-P-Q-M tion. intermediate zone, coarse grained. P-Q inner intermediate zone, graphic texture; Q core. Accessory biotite, apatite, sericite, garnet, pyrite, hyalite. NE . ... SE NE Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite; accessory gar­ tabular. 1-1 T, one biotite and (60ft). net, sericite, Large body is mica 20 T. hornblende poor and contains gneiss inclusions. gneiss. 1-11T,>500L, NE ... SE do...... do...... Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to coarse swell, tab­ >350D. hornblende and grained; accessory sericite, garnet, ular, biotite gneiss. biotite, apatite, sulflde minerals. lenses. Some sheet muscovite in gniss adjacent to pegmatite. First worked by Indians. 1-35 T...... NE...... SE...... SW--.--. F-Q border zone, fine grained; Q-M lenses, ant. schist. wall zone, fine to medium grained; pinch and Pl-Q intermediate zone, medium swell. to coarse grained; Q-M-P1-P core, medium to coarse grained; acces­ sory garnet, apatite. Smaller lenses Pl-Q-M pegmatite. >20T...... NE...... SE...... P-P1-Q-M wall zone, coarse grained; accessory biotite, vermiculite, apa­ tite, garnet; Q core. Gneiss inclu­ sions and quartz layers form lay­ ered structure. Graphic texture common. 1-10 T, 6 to NE...... NW. _ ...... -....do...... do.. - Kaolinized Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, >45L. (30ft). coarse grained. Tabular _ ... 18 T...... NE...... SE...... do..- Weathered. Pl-Q-M wall zone, fine to medium gneiss, biotite grained; accessory zoisite, biotite, alteration. garnet, layered structure; P core, coarse grained. Pegmatite sheared and cut by faults. Tabular(?)... 8T.._ ...... NW...... SW...... do.. do Kaolinized Pl-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed...... do...... ^-.fi T N...... w...... Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, medium to gneiss, biotite coarse grained; accessory biotite. alteration. 30T...... NE...... SE...... P-Q-P1-M-B pegmatite, medium grained, graphic texture common. 1-12T, >90L... NE...... NW.--. SW.. .. --...do...... do. . .do.- - Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, fine to coarse lens(?). grained; accessory biotite. 4 T...... NE-. . SE...... ----.do-...... P-P1-Q-M pegmatite; accessory biotite and biotite, vermiculite. hornblende gneiss. 48 MICA DEPOSITS' OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROON1A

TABLE 4.- Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued HAWK-BAKEBVILLE AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

152 TISGS (Sterrett, 1870-95, 1920, 1923, p. 245) 1929-30, 1939-44, 600. Stopes, inclines, drifts tending. Olson (1944, p. 1953-59. above and to 200 below 60-63, pis. 8-10). adit level.

146 USGS- Pre-WWII.. ... Hawk Creek). sions. feldspar. 179 USGS-... 1930-WWIIint. stope 40 long. spar.

165 USGS.-...... 1930(?)_ ...... Shaft 15, drifts 20.. _ ... 154 USGS.. .. 1933, 1943...... do... cracked, stained. 162 USGS- 1944, 1954-58. 90 long, adit 80. biotite intergrowths.

163 USGS, DMEA... 1 SQO/^ "WWTT ... -do...... tain Top) mine. 1954-55. drift 70, prospect pits.

157 USGS _ ...... 1955 None.. _ __ pect. 164 USGS...... WWI, WWII .. mine. adit 160. stain, small. 190 DMEA 1957-58 pect. drift 52. stained. 156 DMEA 1957 - ruled, minor "A" structure. 168 USGS WWII.._. _ ..._ Adit 85(?), shaft 18 inclusions, cracked, ruled. 145 USGS-...... 1890-1901, 1937 Moderate sheet(?), clined shaft 104. feldspar. USGS--. _ Pre-WWII ..... along strike, several adits. 161 USGS-. WWII Cut 50.. pect. 169 USGS- . Pre-WWII- 158 Roby (Tim Twiggs) mine. USGS, DMEA . 1910, 1920, WWII, Cut 65, inclined shaft 100, Greenish brown, biotite intergrowths, Moderate sheet, 1956-57. drifts 90. moderate bending, ruling, minor "A" large scrap. structure.

174 USGS...... WWII-.-. ... . Cut45 193 USGS... _.-_ . . 1958 Cut 90

167 USGS...... Pre-WWII...... Cut 60...

147 USGS, DMEA... WWII, 1956-58.... drift 93. stained. 186 USGS ...... IQflK 1Q4.Q trated near quartz vein; light brown, cracked, bent, stained, sparsely dis­ tributed. 1527 DMEA . ..- Pre-WWII - do ...... 76, drifts 104, caved pits and adits 200 along strike. 163 USGS...... WWII-. ______do (200 ft south of Mc- Kinney Cove mine). 1QK USGS ...... Pro "WWT 1Qf\7 Cut 100, shaft SO--....-...... do. ------58. 192 USGS ...... Small sheet(?) mines. short drifts, adits, strike growths, moderate ruling, reeving, distance 400. cracking. 198 Woody Hill (Woody) USGS, DMEA--. 1885, 1910, 1930, 5 shafts, 30-125 deep, 3 adits, Ruby, moderately cracked, ruled, tied._- Moderate sheet- -. mine. WWII, 1955. trenches, pits 300 along strike. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 49 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued HAWK-BAKERVILLE AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

Lenses, pinch 1-12 T-- NE... SB..,...... S .... Saprolite (100 Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, medium to and swell. blende and bio- ft). coarse grained; accessory biotite, tite gneiss; bio- spessartite, tourmaline, apatite, tite alteration. thulite, pyrite, pyrrhotite. Thicker lenses tend to have Pl-Q-M wall zone and P core. NE .... SE...._ ...... P-P1-Q-M pegmatite; accessory gar­ and hornblende net, sulfldes. gneiss. NE SE... . --- P-P1-Q-M-B pegmatite, coarse grained, graphic texture common; accessory vermiculite, garnet, apa­ tite. Biotite in large strips in fractures. 0.5 T...... NE __. SE _ 6-8T, 45L NE...... SE...... do-. . - biotite, sericite. do-- 10-15 T, 280 L NE...... SE...... Pl-Q-P-M-B pegmatite, coarse ant. gneiss. grained; accessory garnet, pyrite, apatite, allanite, thulite. Pegmatite has gneissic structure along hanging wall. 1-9 T...... NE...... SE._ ----- SW Pl-Q-M wall zone; accessory biotite, pinch and gneiss, biotite ft). garnet; Q-P core, discontinuous. swell. alternation. Pegmatite cut by faults; wall con­ tacts have sliekensides. 0-4 T, 60 L NE SE ...... do . do--.- ---- Pl-P-Q-B-M pegmatite, graphic texture common. NE... biotite, serieite. Pegmatite poorly exposed. Tabular...... 3-6T- ..... NE. SE Weathered (20 Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, medium to ant. tite and horn­ ft). coarse grained; accessory garnet, blende gneiss. sericite, epidote. 18 T_ _ ...---.- NE SE ...... NE do-. P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, fine to coarse blende and bio­ grained; accessory biotite. Pegma­ tite gneiss. tite cut by quartz vein. ly exposed. Tabular...... 2-12 T, 250 L NE--. SE... P-P1-Q-M pegmatite; some graphic hornblende and texture; accessory biotite, garnet, biotite gneiss. pyrite. 0-4 T, 200-300 NE SE...... do-.... Pl-Q-M pegmatite; accessory biotite. swell. L?. Poorly exposed. 10T...... NE NW. _ ...... swell. ant. tite and horn­ exposed. blende gneiss. accessory garnet, sericite, biotite. 1-33T...... NE ... NW NE. Weathered (10 Pl-Q-M-B wall zone, medium to tite and horn­ ft). coarse grained; accessory chlorite, blende gneiss; epidote, pyrite; Q core. biotite altera­ tion. Tabular ...... NE--. SE ... Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory serieite, garnet. . -do ... - 3-6 T _ NE--. - Steep NW---. .do - Weathered (15 Pl-Q-M wall zone, fine to medium tite and horn­ ft). grained; accessory garnet, Q core. blende gneiss. do do ... P-P1-Q-B pegmatite; accessory mus- covite, vermieulite, garnet, tour­ maline. Tabular, 0.1-3 T, 200 L, NE- SE ... NE-..-- -do Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium pinch and 150 D. grained; accessory garnet, pyrite, swell. chlorite, epidote, biotite. 12 T, >100 L .... NE.- _ .. SE... . . -do grained; accessory sericite, garnet, biotite. Crosscutting quartz vein reported. ..do - 1-3 T .... __ NE SE ...... do Weathered (80 Kaolinized F-Q-M wall zone, me­ ft). dium to coarse grained; Q core. - do 10 T ...... NE--. SE .do

1-4 T, >45 L. .. NE SE ..do Weathered (30 hornblende and ft). biotite gneiss. Tabular.. ... 2-6 T. ___ ... NE-.. . SE.. SW ... .--do - Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite; ac­ cessory biotite, garnet. 1-12 T __ ... NE-.. SE - do - . do . Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite; accessory biotite, garnet. 50 MICA DEPOSITS OF THEl BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROtLODA TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued INGALIS AREA Avery County

214 USGS-- ... ISftH 1Q99 IQOft 1930, 1938, adits, shafts. WWII. 215 Brushy Creek mine ...... USGS 1927...... Green, clear, "A" structure, mineral Small sheet(?) _ .. inclusions, bent. 213 USGS...... Pro.WWTT Small sheet (?), feldspar. 218 USGS, CMC..... WWII...... Green, "A" structure, cracked, tied _ .. Small sheet, large pits. scrap, feldspar.

201 USGS, DMEA-- WWII, 1956-57 3 adits 20 to 150 long. stain.

202 Doe Hill (north) mine USGS, DMEA.- 1955-59 .. __ ... Green, hard, moderate bending, crack Moderate sheet ... ing, minor stain.

203 USGS... .. 1QKC Small sheet, by 200. scrap. 223 East Side mine . _ ... USGS, CMC. .... WWII...... Pit 25 diameter, 100 deep(?). Green, "A" structure, bent, tied, Small sheet, feld­ cracked, stained. spar.

221 USGS 1QKC Cut30. None.. . _ ... 204 USGS Pr6-"WWTI Moderate sheet, mine. WWII. ' deep, stopes, adits, drifts. minor clear, flat "A" structure. scrap, feldspar.

207 USGS-. Green, "A" structure, tied, bent, small - Small sheet (?), 30. scrap, feldspar. 209 USGS.-. .... Pro WWTT 1Q*7 Small sheet (?) Creek) mine. 58.

224 USGS, CMC. IQQQ ioaa_4K Brown, moderatly cracked, ruled, tied, Small sheet. stained. 216 USGS, CMC. . WWII. _ ...... Cut 60, inclines, 13 and 35 .....do...... 208 USGS, OF WWII 1950's Green, hard, haircracked, moderately Large sheet(?) ..... Main incline reported 300. bent, stained.

222 USGS, CMC, OF. IS?'! IQIfi 1Q97 Large sheet, feld­ WWII, 1950's. 100 by 400. cracks, ruling, minor "A" structure, spar. bending.

211 Million Rill mine...... USGS, CMC. 2 shafts 70, adit 200, drifts- .. Small sheet ------40, 1943. inclusions, small. 219 USGS... . P re- WWII Small sheet, feldspar(?).

210 USGS ...... Pra-WWTT 1Q1Q Small sheet(?).._- west) mine.

205 USGS... Pro-WWTT Cut 80, 2 shafts 70, 4 adits... Feldspar. ~

217 Old Eock mine . ___ .. USGS, CMC.. 1876, int to 1944... Moderate sheet... pits. cracks, ruled, mineral inclusions.

200 USGS ...... 1880, 1900-44, Green, hard, mottled, stained, cracked, int. and cuts in area 75 by ruled. 100. 220 USGS . 1956 __ . __ . .None . 206 USGS.... WWII(?)...... pits. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 51 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued Pegmatite Extent of Kemarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Eelation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued INGALIS AREA Continued Avery County Continued

50 T_ ...... NW .... sw... Weathered (50 P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, fine grained. ant. ft). Sheet mica reported concentrated in shoots in coarse grained pegma­ tite near foot wall. .do . SO T ._ ...... do ...... --.do . _ ... Saprolite(50ft)_ P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, fine grained; accessory garnet. Some coarse grained P-Q pegmatite. An rr\ro\ NE_ BE ...... do .... .do...... Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, fine to coarse grained; accessory garnet, allanite. Gneissic texture near footwall...... do...... Weathered (40 ft). dium to coarse grained; Q core. Coarse-grained pegmatite near gneiss inclusion in larger body of fine-grained pegmatite (alaskite) . Tabular ___ >20 T _ NW...... sw... NW dium grained; accessory sericite, biotite. Local concentration quartz-muscovite pegmatite. Lenses(?) __ 5-20 T_... _..__ NW SW...... Partly concord­ Interlayered bio­ Weathered (45 Pl-Q-M-B wall zone, fine to med­ ant. tite and horn­ ft). ium grained; Pl-Q-M intermedi­ blende gneiss. ate zone, medium to coarse grained; accessory garnet; Q core. NE pegmatite has Pl-P-Q-M core, coarse grained. Gneissic texture common. 10-20 T_ ... NW NE.. -do...... Weathered (40 ft). dium grained. 25 T(?).. _ ... NE... SB ...... - coarse grained; accessory sericite, garnet. Body is coarse grained unit in larger mass of fine-grained pegmatite or granite (alaskite). 1 T, 3L ...... Tabular(?) _ >100 T(?)____ ... NW SW...... gneiss. grained; P intermediate zone, coarse grained; Q core, irregular; branching. Pegmatite near western edge of large intrusive of fine­ grained pegmatite or pegmatitic granite (alaskite). Inclusions of mica gneiss common. Tabular (?)_._ 20 T...... NE... . NW gneiss. coarse grained; accessory garnet. Several pegmatite bodies exposed. Lenses 4-10 T...... NW __. . SW...... ant. tite and horn­ ft). coarse grained; Q core, discon­ blende gneiss. tinuous. Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine grained; exposed in floor of cut. Tabular...... 1-2 T...... NE... NW gneiss. accessory garnet, sericite. NW SW...-...... do ...... do. accessory biotite, garnet, sericite. Pinch and 1-6 T...... NE...... NW...... do...... do swell, tab­ ture common; accessory pyrite, ular, epidote. lenses. Tabular...... 20 T...... NW SW...... Granite, mica ant. schist. ft). grained; Pl-Q-M wall zone; Pl-P-Q-M intermediate zone coarse grained; Q core, discon­ tinuous. Gneissic texture promi­ nent in both granite (alaskite) and pegmatite. -do 3-5 T...... NE SB ... .- VtTaafrliorArl fJiO ft). accessory garnet. Tabular 12 T...... _ .... N E... - ered. net. Feldspar kaolinized. Quartz in pods and crosscutting veins. 2-12 T.... _ . ... NW...... SW...... do_ hornblende and (50ft). fine to medium grained. biotite gneiss. biotite and tact between gneiss to west and fine hornblende grained pegmatite or granite (alas­ gneiss, granite. kite) to east. Irregular, NW lens. ant. gneiss. accessory garnet, sericite; P-Q intermediate zone, coarse grained; Q core(?) , not seen but large masses of quartz on dump. Tabular ...... 6 T, 100 L...... NE-. SB ...... plagioclase kaolinized. Pegmatite poorly exposed; 2 sills reported. 10-12 T(?).._. ... hill slope. 100 T(?).._-.-.__ NW SW...... fine to medium grained, graphic texture common. 52 MICA DEPOiSH'TS OF THE BLUB EIDGEi IN" NORTH CAROOUENIA

TABLE 4s Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued INGALIS AREA Continued McDowell County

212 USGS-....- 1890's, WWII.-.- Green, bent, ruled, stained, locky, min­ eral inclusions.

SPRUCE PINE AREA Mitchell County

330 USGS ...... Pre-WWII

263 USGS .. .-.. WWII.. 2 shafts 40 and adits in Green, moderate clay and iron stain, area 50 by 100. cracked, small. 333 USGS.....-.-. . 1937-38 Adit 60 . Green, "A" structure, stained, ruled, Moderate sheet... small.

296 USGS...... Prospect pits Green, clear, small.. ______. __

226 USGS ..... Pre-WWII Maze of irregular workings.. Light brown, clear, concentration near footwall. 227 Cole Bartlett prospect __ USGS . 1895, 1948, 1956. 239 USGS - ...... Pre-WWII do.

282 USGS ... Pre-WWII Cut and caved underground . .do...... workings in area 35 by 100. 305 Biggerstaff Branch mine _ USGS Pre-WWII Several adits form caved area 40 by 80. 242 Bird Eye (Phillips) mine- USGS ...... - 1900, 1935, WWII_ Pit 20 diameter, 25 deep; Light green, reeved, bent, haircracked, Small sheet (?)- _ cut 115 long, 15 deep to small. east. 332 USGS ...... - P ro WWFT 304 USGS..... 1880, int to 1940 Shafts, cuts, pits in area Greenish brown "A" structure, stained, 100 by 400. cracked, ruled.

311 USGS -- . Pre-WWII- --.

261 Buchanan (Waterhole) USGS ...... Pro WWTT mine. 225 Adam Buchanan mine- .. - USGS .... 1925-26, 1929-30, 2 cuts leads into stopes Large sheet, 1937, 1939-41. 70 long, 45 wide. feldspar. 289 Boone Buchanan (Bart­ USGS, CMC 1920, WWII 12 pits, several shafts, adit Brown to green, some color banded, hard, Small sheet lett No. 2) mine. for 150 along strike. moderate ruled, bent, tied, cracked, (WWII). reeved. 248 Bull Ridge mine ...... USGS, CMC..... 1930, WWII Cut 80 long, 35 deep, drift, Light yellowish green, "A" structure, Small sheet, adit 3f>. ruled, cracked, stained. feldspar. 262 Bunker Hill mine-...... USGS ...... 1895, WWII Cut 60, 2 shafts, drifts, and Light green, "A" structure, hard, bent, Moderate sheet stopes to 100 depth. ruled, haircracked. (WWII).

306 USGS ...... Pre-WWII-. .

303 USGS, CMC. .... 1900 int to 1943. Adits, 4 shafts, drifts, stopes to depth of 60, for 300 on strike. 336 USGS, CMC 1885, WWII 5 shafts, drifts in area 20 None during by 80, 55 deep. WWII. 273 Case Cut mine.- _____ USGS ...... _ 1880-97 Cut 100 long, 5-20 deep ...... 326 Chalk Mountain mine- _ USGS, Sterrett Pre-1910, 1930, 20 cuts and shallow shafts Green, "A" structure, moderate stain. Small sheet (1923. p. 257- WWII. for 600 along strike. (1930), feldspar. 258).

325 USGS Pre-WWII _- PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 53 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued INGALIS AREA Continued McDowell County Continued

Tabular...... 2.5 T NE - BE Pl-Q-M pegmatite; accessory seri- cite, garnet.

SPRUCE PINE AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

Tabular (?)... NW-... SW...... Pl-Q-P-B-M pegmatite, fine hornblende and grained. Workings followed 2 biotite gneiss. quartz veins 10 ft apart. NW SW ...... ant. Tabular(?)___ NE . .... Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite. Body along margin of mica gneiss inclusion in large mass of fine-grained pegmatite or granite (alaskite). NW.. -.do P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, coarse grained in fine-grained pegmatite or gran­ ite. Tabular...... 12 T,..._ . NE--.. SE...... Pl-Q-P-M-B pegmatite, medium gneiss biotite grained. alteration. P-P1-Q-B-M pegmatite, fine to gneiss. medium grained. Poorly exposed. NE(?)..._ SE(?)._...... net. Workings along footwall of gneiss inclusion. um grained; accessory garnet, biotite. Poorly exposed. Tabular(?) 8T_...... NE ... SE...... Q-F-M pegmatite, accessory beryl. gneiss; biotite Poorly exposed. alteration. do 5T._ _ .... NW . Vertical do- cite, garnet, biotite. Cut entirely in kaolinized F-Q pegmatite. Tabular ­ NE . NW SW F-Q-M pegmatite. blende gneiss. Lenses...... NE...... Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, graphic tex­ ture common. Pegmatite forms lenses in pegmatitic granite (alas- kite). Tabular, 15 T. ___ ... N 45° E ..... P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, medium to lenses. biotite and coarse grained, graphic texture hornblende common; some quartz pods. Many gneiss. lenses present, 2 mined. 10 T...... NE...... NW ...... do Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium grained; accessory garnet; Q core. Q-M pegmatite (burr rock) on dump. 30 T __ NE ... 45° SE...... P-Q-P1-M pegmatite; graphic tex­ gneiss. ture common; accessory sericite, garnet. do 2-4 T ...... NE_ 75° SE Kaolinized F-Q-M wall zone; acces­ sory garnet; Q core, discontinuous. 6-8 T(7)...... NW ... -do Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite. Con­ tacts not exposed. 1-10 T __ ... layered horn­ (100ft). um to coarse grained; accessory blende and garnet, sericite; Q core. Pegmatite biotite gneiss. in pegmatitic granite near gneiss inclusions. Pegmatite-granite con­ tact gradational. 4 T. ...-. _ .. E blende and bio­ coarse grained; accessory garnet. tite gneiss. Feldspar kaolinized. Lens...... 5 T, >250L..._._ NW ... - SW Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite, as mica gneiss. (60 ft). sociated with gneiss inclusion in larger mass of fine-grained pegma­ tite or granite (alaskite). Tabular(?)_ NE...... SE Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite. (55 ft). Tabular...... 1-10 T . __ - NE__ __ . NW ...... Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained; accessory garnet. NE ture common, accessory garnet Several bodies in fine-grained pegmatite or granite (alaskite) associated with gneiss inclusions NE .... NW(?)-. ... do - Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, medium to coarse grained; associated with fine grained-pegmatite or granite (alaskite). MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE, RIDGE! EST NORTH CAROLINA

TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 2 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued SPRUCE PINE AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

317 Cherry Tree group of lisas ...... Pre-WWII- ...... Numerous shallow work­ mines. ings, cuts, adits, inclines.

234 USGS, Olson 1915-45(7), int Large inclined stope 180 Green, "A" structure, wedged, bent, Large tonnage (1944, p. 58-60). 1950's. wide, 30-75 high, 750 stained, concentrated near quartz feldspar, quartz, long. core. scrap.

323 Childers (Boone, Chalk USGS DMEA-- 1900, 1951, 1957- Several adits, shafts stopes, Dark green, clear, moderately cracked, Moderate sheet Mountain, Mason, 58. cuts for 1,500 along bent. (1957). Phillips) mine. strike, mined to 40 depth.

324 USGS ...... 1958-- _ ...... 292 DMEA...... 1900, 1953-55. Cut 180 'ong, 25 deep, Ruby, moderately cracked, bent, ruled, Moderate, sheet, shaft 80, drifts 120. minor stained. feldspar.

286 USGS, OF...... iQftn KMR Cut 240--. Brownish green to green, moderate "A" ..... do .... structure, fractured, ruled. 298 USGS, OF..... _ 1882-1928, WWII.. 2 opencuts, 6 shafts, 2 adits, Green to brownish green, "A" structure, Large sheet, large inclined stopes in clear, ruled. Concentrated along foot- feldspar. area 200 by 450. wall and core.

293 Sterrett (1923, 1911 39, 1942-45, No. 1, 2 cuts, total 110; Green to greenish brown, fiat and wedge Large sheet, p. 252-254), 1954. No. 2, cut 265, incline 110; "A" structure. scrap, feldspar. Olson (1944, No. 3, cut 80, incline 110; p. 51-54), OF. adit 110; No. 4, cut 55, incline 180; No. 5, 2 cuts 120 and 150, 3 shafts, one 470 deep, stopes 600.

243 Dogwood Flats mine. __ USGS...... 3 cuts, trenches, prospect pits. 249 Lower Dogwood Flats USGS...... Pre-WWII .....do...... mine. 315 USGS...... 1926, 1929, 1934. Adit and cuts for 200 along Light greenish brown, clear, moderate Moderate sheet. ... strike. "A" structure, bent. 265 USGS, CMC....- 1895, 1925, 1943 Cut and inclined stope 40 Greenish brown, moderate "A" struc­ long and 35 deep. ture, cracked, clay stain.

231 John Duncan (Florence USGS, CMC 1900,1937,1944- Adit 110; 4 shafts, 50 deep; Green, clay stained Small sheet (1944); Young) mine. drifts, prospect pits, 200 along strike. 241 Eagle Nest (Spread USGS ...... Pre-WWII...... Feldspar ...... Eagle) mine.

232 Hesby Edwards mine-. DMEA...... Pre-WWI, 1953, Cut 60, incline 50, drifts 60.. Ruby, hard, biotite intergrowths, bent, Small sheet (1956). 1956. ruled.

237 Emily Knob mine _ ...... USGS...... Pre-WWII...... Cut and stope 60 long, 50 Green, "A" structure, stained, concen­ downdip. trated near quartz pods. 238 Upper Emily Knob USGS ...... WWII(?) ...... Light brown, minor "A" structure, Small sheet(?)._. prospect. bent, small. 276 English Knob mine USGS, Sterrett 1904, 1924, 1934- 2 cuts 100-150 long, 40-60 Green, wedge and flat "A" structure, Moderate sheet(?), North. (1923, p. 260- 35, 1937. deep, and large stope. stained. feldspar. 261). 277 English Knob mine USGS, Sterrett 1904, 1924, 1930's, Cut 150, stope; other cuts Light green, "A" structure, moderately ... ..do ...... South. (1923, p. 261). WWII. to west and east. stained.

322 Estatoe mine USGS ...... Pre-WWII..... Green, "A" structure, stained, garnet Small sheet(?), inclusions. feldspar(?). PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 55 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued SPRUCE PINE AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

NE-- pods, coarse grained; several bodies as­ lenses. sociated with fine-grained peg­ matite or granite (alaskite) and biotite gneiss inclusions. 25-8 T, <180 NE SE SE Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium to wide, <750 ant. biotite and coarse grained; P-Q-M inter­ long. hornblende mediate zone, coarse grained; Q gneiss. core, 1-20 ft thick. Several parallel bodies above and below main mass. 4-10 T, one 150 NE NW-...... Pl-Q-P-M wall zone, medium to lenses. L. (35 ft). coarse grained, Q core. Several dikes present near west margin of large fine-grained pegmatite or granite body. 7 T-...... NE...... NW-... Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine grained. 4-20 T, 300 L NE ... NW-... P-P1-Q-M wall zone, coarse grained; ant. biotite and (40ft). accessory biotite, apatite, garnet, hornblende tourmaline: P core, coarse grained. gneiss. i-Kn(f\ T NE SE . sw P-P1-Q-M wall zone; accessory mica gneiss. beryl; Q core. 4-20 T, <360L_. N E do. . Pl-Q-P-M wall zone, medium interlayered (15ft). grained; accessory garnet, biotite, hornblende and columbite, vermiculite, allanite, biotite gneiss. apatite, uranium minerals; Q core with minor perthite crystals. Main pegmatite cut by late P-Q- Pl-M pegmatite. No. 1, 8-10 T; NE...... SB.. SW ___ do ~ No. 1: F-Q-M pegmatite. No. 2: lenses. No. 2, 1-40 T; interlayered Pl-P-Q-M wall zone; Q core, No. 3, 1ST; biotite and discontinuous. No. 3: Q-F-M No. 5, 120 T, hornblende pegmatite. No. 4: F-Q-M pegma­ <600L. gneiss. tite. No. 5: Pl-P-Q-M wall zone, medium to coarse grained; acces­ sory sulfides, uranium minerals; P core. Muscovite in discontinuous Q-M zone, near center of body. Contacts with granite (alaskite) gradational. in fine-grained pegmatite or peg- matitic granite (alaskite). 10 T...... _ NE . SE . F-Q-M pegmatite. 9 T1 NE- SE.-.. . Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, coarse grained bodies. in fine-grained pegmatite or peg- matitic granite (alaskite). 4-5 T...... NE...... SE.. Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium to blende gneiss. coarse grained; Q core. Pregmatite poorly exposed but associated with gneiss inclusion in granite (alas­ kite). Tabular(?) NE...... SE...... Weathered Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite. Large adit), fr-8 T (50ft). body in adit contains scrap mica; (in shafts). sheet mica recovered from shafts. P-P1-Q-B-M pegmatite; accessory gneiss. vermiculite, epidote, thulite, cal- cite. Pegmatite jointed and frac­ tured. 4-10T, 75L _ NE...... SE Pl-Q-M-B pegmatite; accessory tabular. ant. biotite and garnet, pyrite. hornblende gneiss. 19 m NE...... SE P-Q-P1-M pegmatite; accessory gar­ hornblende and net, pyrite, vermiculite, zoisite. biotite gneiss. do.. 8 T...... NE...... SE...... do... Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, fine to medi­ um grained. NW...... NE...... Granite and P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, coarse grained; interlayered accessory garnet, magnetite. Peg­ hornblende and matites in fine-grained pegmatite biotite gneiss. or granite (alaskite). l-4T(?).-....._ NE...... P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, coarse grained, ant. biotite and may be zoned; accessory garnet. hornblende gneiss and granite. F-Q-M pegmatite, coarse grained, gneiss. graphic texture; grades at depth into fine-grained pegmatite or granite. 56 MICA DEPOSHTS OF THE BLUE EIDGEI EST NORTH CAROLINIA TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued SPRUCE PINE AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

257 1872-1904, 1933-34.. Cut 150, shafts, adits, (1923, p. 250- stopes in area 100 by 150. hard, moderate "A" structure, garnet feldspar. 251), OF. inclusions locky.

228 USGS Pre-WWII workings. (1929). 247 USDS... .. Pre-WWII..----.

OAK USGS - 1922-27, 1930, 1936, 1939, tunnels. stained. WWII. 007 ford, Wiseman, (1907). and adits. American Gem Co.) mine. OAQ USGS- Pre-WWII ground workings.

OCO USGS, OF 1895, 1925, WWII, Moderate sheet 1950's. drifts, prospect pits 250 flat" A" structure, moderately cracked. (WWII). along strike. 313 USGS- 1926-28, 1931 Moderate sheet. 50. 266 USGS.-. 1882-89, 1917, 1923- ..do 26, 1930. pect pits. Large cuts to commonly stained. south for feldspar.

9ft1 USGS- 1922-23 Green, "A" structure, concentrated near ..do-. quartz core; greenish brown in wall zone. 9Q4 USGS, CMC.. ... 1920, 1940, 1943- Small sheet (1943), 44. feldspar.

244 USGS- Small sheet (?), caved. feldspar. Hoppus mines: QOA USGS ... Pre-WWII Light green to light brown wedge "A" .do. - workings in belt 200 long. structure, ruled, cracked, small. 001 USGS-- Pre-WWII-. Feldspar, by­ long. cracked, stained. product mica.

OCR USGS- Pre-WWII cuts 600 long, deepest 75(7). 284 USGS, CMC-____ 1939, WWII-.

256 USGS, CMC, 1905, 1930, 1943- 2 pits, 2 shafts, 3 adits, Brown, clear, minor ruling and cracks. - Moderate sheet OF. 44. drifts, prospect pits in (1944). area 150 by 250. Deepest workings 120. 268 USGS- WWII_. Light green to brownish green, moderate Small sheet.------reeves, cracks, ruling, bending. Bio- tite intergrowths. 271 USGS, OF ] 915-ig 19^1 WWII. 1950's. opens into stope 160 deep. small. 334 USGS, CMC _ Small sheet 90. 290 USGS- Pre-WWII °, r»ntQ Feldspar., USGS ...... 1902 - . workings. 314 USGS...... Pre-WWII

DMEA Brownish green, reeved, locky, cracked, Small sheet.--- stained. TTQf~* Q Pre-WWII wide. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 57 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued SPRUCE PINE AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

2-15 T_ ...... NE...... SE Pl-Q-M wall zone, fine to coarse tabular. ant. gneiss. grained; P-Q-M intermediate zone; Q core. Accessory garnet, biotite, apatite, beryl, thulite, uraninite. Pegmatite contacts with granite gradational. NW_. SW-.. P-P1-Q-M-B pegmatite, coarse swell. gneiss. grained. P-Q-M pegmatite in fine-grained gneiss. pegmatite or granite. Gneiss in­ clusions in granite. Prominent northeast joints. P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, coarse grained; accessory garnet, thulite, uranium minerals. Plagioclase kaolinized. ....do ...... F-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained; accessory blue and yellow beryl. Some beryl reported in wallrock. F-Q-M pegmatite, coarse grained, gradational contacts with large mass of fine-grained pegmatite or granite. Mica gneiss inclusions. NE...... SE...... SW...... do--.. Pl-Q wall zone, Pl-P-Q-M inter­ mediate zone, coarse grained; Q core. Flat "A" muscovite along core margins. NE...... do...... Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite; accessory garnet. 0.5-4 T._ ...... NW--..__ SW. . Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medi­ um grained; accessory garnet, apa­ tite. Large pegmatites in granite to south mined for feldspar. NE...... NW. --._...__ P-Q-P1-M wall zone; Q core discon­ gneiss. tinuous. Pegmatite contacts with granite partly gradational. Tabular(?)._. 20 T...... NE...... SE...... P-Q-P1-M pegmatite, coarse grained; graphic texture common; accessory garnet, uranmite, gummite, au- tunite. P-P1-Q-M pegmatite; accessory gar­ net, thulite, uranium minerals. Tabular...... NE...... SE...... Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medi­ um grained. -.-do...... 30 T--_. . . . N ._ Vertical...... do...... Pl-Q-M-P wall zone, medium grained; P-P1-Q intermediate zone, coarse grained; P-Q core, coarse grained; accessory beryl, apatite, spessartite, tourmaline, columbite- tantalite, smarskite(?), urano- phane(?), sericite. Tabular(?)._. NE...... Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, coarse grained accessory garnet. 4T(avg)._...__ NE...... SE...... do._...... F-Q-M pegmatite bodies along in­ gneiss. clusions of gneiss in granite or alaskite. 10-30 T, 250 L. NE... .. SE.. _ SW...... Weathered (25 Pl-Q-P-M wall zone, medium to pipe. ft). coarse grained; accessory garnet, thulite, sulfldes; Q core. Gneiss in­ clusions common. Pinch and 3-5 T, >90 L_.__ NE...... NW...... Granite...... Unweathered... Pl-Q-P wall zone, fine grained; Pl- swell. Q-P-M core, coarse grained; ac­ cessory garnet, allanite, biotite. 1-10 T...... NE...... NW...... do...... do .... Pl-Q-M-P pegmatite; accessory gar­ tabular. net. Plagioclase ranges from Ans to Anis. 2-4 T._ ...... NW.-_.__ NE...... -...do...... Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite. Tabular (?) _ NE... SE.. . Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, medium grained, accessory garnet. 25 T-... ___ .._ NE...... SE...... F-Q-M pegmatite, fine to coarse grained. F-Q-M pegmatite, coarse grained in granite or fine grained pegma­ tite. Pegmatite near mica gneiss inclusion. 6-15 T, 100 L... N-- W ...._ SW. Pl-Q-M wall zone fine to coarse tabular. ant. tite and horn­ grained; P core, coarse grained; blende gneiss. accessory garnet, apatite. P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, coarse elongate, grained; accessory garnet, allanite, masses. thulite. 58 MICA DEPOSITS O-F THE BLUE RIDGE1 BST NORTH CAROLINA

TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued SPRUCE PINE AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

287 USGS, CMC, OF. 1895,1925,1944.... stope SO. cracked, ruled. (1944).

USGS.... Pre-WWII deep. 254 USGS, CMC. - Small sheet (1944) . 20. sions, cracked, stained. 329 USGS, Sterrett Pre-WWII-. Small sheet (?)... (1923, p. 258). along strike. 328 USGS...... Pre-WWII.. 250 USGS...... 1900, WWII- Small sheet (WW­ II).

327 USGS...... 1910, 1946, 1955-57- 50 by 180. (1950's). 258 USGS...... 1880, 1921, 1936- land). 37, 1943^4. store 50 wide, 75 deep, monly stained. drifts, adit, shaft. 312 USGS...... 1895-1900, 1934, .....do ...... Spruce Pine). 1943^4. 100, with inclined stope. structure, locky, minor bent. USG- ...... Pre-WWII..

233 usas...... WWII ___ small. 291 usas...... 1900,1937,1940---. 2 opencuts. structure, moderate stain. feldspar. 259 usas...... 1939-40. _ ...... do ...... extensive underground workings. ono usas...... 1 Q9f*_^Q 1 Q'tfVc 25 deep. Several shafts, stained. spar. inclines, adit 290. 253 USGS...... 1927, 1935, 1937, Cut 220 long, 100 wide, 80 1945. deep. Other cuts, shafts, tied, stained. large scrap, feld­ stopes, adits, in belt 1,600 spar. long.

278 usas...... 1929,1934-39. . long, 40 wide. feldspar.

274 usas...... 1955..... ,- . cracked, small. 264 USGS...... IQO'L.O? wide, in belt 900 long. stained. feldspar.

310 USaS, DMEA... 1 Q1 4 1 Q1 7 9O 1 Q^fl mine. 1939, 1955. 200.

318 USGS...... 1932-33, 1942, 1944-45. drifts, stopes, prospect structure near core, stained, mineral feldspar. pits. inclusions, locky, cracked, ruled.

255 USGS, OF...... _ 1920, 1923, 1935-39, WWII. prospect pits in. area 200 and stained. feldspar. by 300; Phillips Cut 90, stope 100 by 100, small cuts and pits in area 100 by 250. 335 USGS...... Pre-WWII-.. .. by 500. 275 USGS...... WWII...... ate ruling, cracks, stain, small. 309 USGS...... Pre-WWII --.-. deep. 310 Renfro prospect _ __ .... USGS...... 1939 Cut. stone, winze 15. ._ Green. ______. -.... __ ... . Sheet, feldspar PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 59 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued SPRUCE PINE AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

Tabular- _ . 1-10 T, 300 L____ NE...... grained; accessory garnet, apatite; Q core, discontinuous. Pegmatite cuts banding in granite. .-do...... Weathered . in granite or fine grained pegma­ tite. 10 T...... NW...... Vertical .. Mica gneiss...... Un weathered... Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained; accessory biotite, garnet, apatite, sericite. 1T_ NE...... NW...... Weathered ...... beryl, spodumene. F-Q-M pegmatite. Tabular(?) 91 T NE... . SE do .. pods and stringers of coarse­ grained pegmatite in the fine grained; accessory garnet. Tabular...... 15T(?),200L... NE-.. . NW...... ered (10ft). grained; P-P1-Q-M core. TaVmlflrf ?^ 45 T...... NE- SE Mica gneiss Pl-P-Q-M wall zone, medium to ant. (hanging wall) , coarse grained; accessory garnet; granite (foot- Q core. wall). 3-8 T...... NE... . BE.. ... Pl-Q-P-M wall zone, coarse grained; accessory garnet; P-Q core discon­ tinuous. NE...... SE...... - do...... graphic texture, in granite with mica gneiss inclusions. rpoKiiloT* 2-3 T _ _ . .... NW ... SW.. __ ..... Partly weath­ Pl-Q-M pegmatite. ered. NE... _ . SE...... Granite.. . _ .. P-Q-P1-M pegmatite, fine to coarse grained. .do...... Q-F-M pegmatite.

Tal"nilar^?^ NE.. __ . SE...... -do ...... Weathered...... accessory garnet, thulite. Only small bodies exposed in walls of cut. NE... _ . BE... SW... _ . tabular. layered biotite graphic texture common; acces­ and hornblende sory garnet, granite, torbernite, gneiss. autunite, allanite; Q core, discon­ tinuous. Numerous coarse-grained pegmatites in granite, many near granite-gneiss contact. NE...... SE...... P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, coarse grained; accessory garnet, thulite, allanite, samarskite, columbite-tantalite, sulfldes. 1 1 K rn OKA T N...... Gentle E...... garnet; Q core, discontinuous. do. .. v. in m nnfi T c>\ NW...... SW...... Granite--.--..-.-. F-Q-M pegmatite, coarse grained, grades into granite or fine grained pegmatite on hanging wall. Foot- wall not exposed. Muscovite in rosette concentrations. 12 T...... N...... W.__ ... Granite and mica Weathered P-Q-P1-M pegmatite, coarsegrained; bodies. gneiss. (65 ft). accessory garnet. Several pegma­ tites present, some near granite- gneiss contact. 'Pa "Kn 1 a r 20 T, 300 L NE...... Pl-Q-P-M wall zone, medium grained; P-P1-Q-M intermediate zone, coarse grained, discontinuous; Q core, discontinuous, accessory sericite, garnet. do.. K-2ft T N...... w...... do...... do. - Pl-Q-P-M wall zone, coarse grained; P-P1-Q intermediate zone, coarse grained, graphic texture common; Q core; accessory biotite, garnet, thulite. Zones generally discontinu­ ous. Pegmatite locally concordant to mica gneiss inclusions in granite...... do...... do...... Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, coarse grained. masses. 0.5-4 T...... NE...... SE...... Un weathered ... Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory garnet, biotite, sericite. TTTftCrnlor F-Q-M pegmatite, coarse grained. masses...... do...... Do. 60 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA

TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued SPRUCE PINE AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

269 Riddle mine group (Miller, USGS _- WWII.-_ 6 large cuts. One (Miller) Moderate sheet Roy Wiseman mine) 100 long, 60 deep. (Miller cut), east of Sullins Creek. feldspar. 251 Riddle mine (near USGS- ...... Pre-WWII.. . . 4 cuts, 30 diameter, in line Howston Gap). 300 long. 316 USGS 1918, 1920 Cuts, caved shallow stopes, Moderate sheet, adit 90. feldspar. 299 Jasper Smith prospect... DMEA...... 1955.__-__._. .. Cuts in area 80 by 150, shaft 10. 301 Lissie Smith (E. K. USGS, DMEA... 1895, 1924-39, 10 shafts 40 to 84 deep, 4 Dark green, "A" structure, stained, Large sheet, Sparks) mine. 1955. adits, stopes. cracked. feldspar. 246 USGS . Pre-WWII-.- . 3 cuts, one 70 long, 45 deep, 3 adits. 300 USGS, CMC-... 1925-30, WWII . Cut 60, inclined shaft 40, 2 Green, "A" structure, cracked, tied, clay Small sheet adits 60 in area 75 by 150. stain. (WWII). 295 Rube Sparks (Cook) mine- USGS, DMEA-.. 1900 int to 1925, Cut 40, 3 adits, shaft 145, Green, flat and wedge "A" structure, Moderate sheet WWII, 1955. large stopes 150. garnet inclusions. (WWII), feldspar.

229 Sugar Tree Cove mine .. USGS...... 1925-26. __ Cut, with inclined stope Green, wedge "A" structure, stained, Moderate sheet, 180; 2 cuts about 500 east. ruled, garnet inclusions. Feldspar. 230 Lower Sugar Tree Cove USGS...... Pre-WWII Feldspar mine. 272 Sullins Rock mine (Irby USGS, CMC..... 1880-97, 1930, Cut 75 long, 50 deep, 2 Large sheet (re­ Out). WWII. smaller cuts to north. ported). Mod­ erate sheet (1930, WWII). 307 Sterrett (1923, p. 1876 int to 1914. -__ Cut 50, shaft, stope, adit 257), USGS. 297 Sterrett (1923, p. 1906, WWII...... Brown, minor stain; green, "A" struc­ Small sheet 256), USGS. ture, garnet inclusions. (WWII). 279 W. W. Wiseman mine _. Sterrett (1923, p. 1875 int to 1936, Cut 300 long, 10-130 deep; Green to brownish green, commonly Large sheet, feld­ 258-260), USGS, WWII. adit and stopes below. stained. spar. OF.

280 USGS ------WWII, 1955------Adit and stope 90, shaft 65, Green, "A" structure, moderate ruling, Moderate sheet _ - - drift 60. cracking, bending. 240 USGS Pre-WWII 270 USGS ------1916-18 - Cut 160, adit 100. ------Scrap do ... 331 USGS, CMC..... 1910, 1917-18, Cut and pits 200, 2 adits 40 Green, "A" structure, mineral inclu­ Moderate sheet 1943-44. and 60. sions, cracked, stained. (WWII). 235 USGS, CMC, 1895 int to 1943, Series of shafts and con­ Green, "A" structure, bent, mineral in­ Small sheet DMEA. 1952. nected works 175 along clusions. (WWII). strike. Deepest 95.

KONA-LEDGER AREA Mitchell County

354 DMEA - 1957-58 Shaft 54, drift 11 .... Greenish brown, commonly stained, minor bending, ruling. 387 USGS 1890, WWII . ... Cut 50 long, 20 deep, shaft ... Light brown, reeved, moderately Small sheet (?)- . stained, small. 403 DMEA- ... 1957-58 . Inclined shaft 52, drift 58 Light greenish brown, minor reeves, stain, bending. 356 DMEA 1956-57 Trench 50, cut 30, shaft 50, Green, stained, cracked, bent, small. drift 57. 349 USGS . 1956------...... Ruby, biotite intergrowths, stained, do small. 393 Black (Old Dave Silvers) USGS 1867 int to 1925, Shaft 30, shaft 60, drift; Green, clear; brown, stained, moderate Moderate sheet- mine. 1939-40. several pits and caved "A" structure. workings. 371 Black mine (on Rebels USGS Pre-WWII Smoky brown, "A" structure, stained, Moderate scrap. - - Creek). ruled. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 61 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Kemarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Kelation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued SPRUCE PINE AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

NE...... SE......

posed. Hyalite coats irregular frac­ tures and northeast-trending joints. PI -Q-P-M pegmatite; accessory beryl, samarskite, pink mica. 2-8 T, >100L... NE. .._._. Vertical . Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, medium (40ft). grained. Tabular(?).__ 15 T (avg), 1,000 NE...... 20° SE...... do.. Pl-Q-M wall zone(?); P-Q core(?), L(?). hornblende and graphic texture, discontinuous; biotite gneiss. accessory garnet. garnet. 10-15 T, 150 L... NE...... SE...... Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory biotite, sericite, garnet. 11-45 T ..... N...... Vertical __ . S .. Pl-P-Q-M wall zone, medium to lens. layered horn­ coarse grained; accessory garnet; blende and Q-P core; Pl-Q-M-P pegmatite biotite gneiss. fine grained, fracture fillings. Some graphic texture. Gneiss inclusions common in granite nearby. Tabular(?) SOT, 850 L(?) E__...... S...... blende and grained. biotite gneiss. NE_...... 8E_...... P-Q-M pegmatite with large masses of perthite, graphic granite, and quartz. T1 a lrn 1 a T f ?^ 1-10 T . __ ... NE...... NW ...... grained; accessory garnet.

i P; T NW ... SW- _. ... tite and horn­ grained; Q core. Poorly exposed. blende gneiss. ST. NW_ ..... SW-. -- . SE. ______Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium grained; P intermediate zone, coarse grained; Q core. 10-60 T ...... NE_ NW -...... do- Pl-P-Q-M wall zone, medium to branching. coarse grained; P-P1-Q-M inter­ mediate zone, coarse grained; Q core, discontinuous. Accessory cleavlandite, garnet, samarskite, uranium minerals. Epidote, zoisite and thulite in fracture fillings. 5-15 T...... NE...... NW.,8E..... NE...... anticlinal. coarse grained; accessory garnet, apatite. 35 T...... NE...... NW F-Q-M pegmatite, graphic texture common. Pl-P-Q pegmatite; accessory musco- vite. T'a'Knlar >16T . ... . NW SW_ .... . Weathered (15 Pl-O-P-M wall zone, fine to medium ft). grained; accessory garnet, zoisite, thulite; Q core, discontinuous. .do . 1-2T NE...... do ...... do .... - Saprolite (93 Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite, fine ft). to medium grained.

KONA-LEDGER AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

0-3 T, 100 L NE...... SE...... SW- Weathered (25 Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, fine to medi­ tabular. ft). um grained; accessory biotite, sericite. rTa'Knlav 8T (avg)_ ... NW - SW- ... .do Pl-Q pegmatite; accessory musco- vite, biotite, garnet. 0.1-4 T__ .- . NE...... SE...... SW_ .do ... . Weathered (15 Pl-Q-M wall zone; accessory garnet; tabular. ant. ft). Q core, discontinuous. 0.5-7 T .... NE__._... SE...... P-Q-P1-M pegmatites; accessory pinch and garnet. Locally, quartz in thin swell. parallel layers. 4T . NW SW- ...... do_ ...... do - ... Unweathered P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medi­ um grained; accessory biotite. 4T .... . NE...... SE...... P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, jpoorly ex­ blende and bio­ posed. tite gneiss. 3 bodies 10-12 NE...... SE. .. . P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, graphic tex­ T. ant. ture common; accessory garnet, biotite, vermiculite; Q-M core pres­ ent in lower cut. 269-720 67- 62 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE, IN NORTH CAROLINA

TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued KONA-LEDGER AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

OKI DMEA-..._ ... 1955......

4.HQ U8G8...... 340 Sterrett (1923, p. 1875,1923 249),USGS. several adits, shaft 25.

373 DMEA . - 1955-57. inclined shafts 60, drifts common bending, ruling, reeving. 100.

402 USGS...... 1957 reeving; small. 001 USGS 1956. do...... 361 USGS- Pre-WWII stained, small. 405 USGS . Pre-WWII Feldspar (?)...... 350 DMEA 1955-56, 1960 Inclined shaft 50, drift 85 _ - Green, "A" structure, moderately bent, ruled. 365 DMEA 1908,1942,1957.-- 370 DMEA 1956------Euby, clear, moderate staining, bend­ Small sheet...... clined shaft 60, drifts 83. ing; small. 392 USGS 1937, 1943 ...... Light brown, reeved, stained, small..-. . Small sheet (1943). 25, drift. 400 USGS ...... Pre-WWII

379 USGS..-.-.... . 1956 Cut SO----- . - ... 352 USGS ...... 1956.--.------391 DMEA...... 1QCK Kfi prospect pits.

OCQ DME\ 1QCQ do . . . 367 USGS . . Pre-WWII Feldspar __

408 USGS ...... 1906, int to 1944..-. Small sheet area 100 by 400. (1944). 378 DMEA--...-..-. 1956 Green, flat and wedge "A" structure, prospect pits. stained. QC7 DMEA 1955 .- cline 16. 401 DMEA - -- 1956 ..-do -- .

366 USGS ...... 1905,1956. ...- Rum, hard, commonly stained, small_ .

362 DMEA-...... 1Q5*L-^7 inclines 35-65, small stope, drifts 80. 34« DMEA.------.-. 1956--. ------

077 USGS ...... 1956.-. ------bent, small. 376 USGS, OF...... 1875 int to 1917, Brownish green, moderate bending, >35,000 Ib sheet 1925, 1937-38, drifts, inclines and stopes minor "A" structure, stain. Con­ and punch. 1943-45, 1954-55. in area 200 by 400 and centrated in rolls and near gneiss Feldspar. 200 deep. inclusions.

384 USGS...... 1957 - Green, bent, cracked, small, stained None __ -.....--. prospect. 388 USGS- ---- 1880's, WWII, Small sheet-..-.-. Jobe Willis) mine. 1955-57. drift 10. ture, minor bending, ruling, tied. oo o USGS...... 1955------QSQ DMEA - deep. Caved shaft, adit, pits. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 63 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued KONA-LEDGER AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

Tabular 1-3T, >65L__... NE...... SE...... - Interlayered bio- Unweathered . Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium to tite and horn­ coarse grained; accessory sericite. blende gneiss. NE SE -do - beryl, apatite, garnet, monazite, uranium minerals (reported); fraphic texture common; Q core, everal similar bodies present. First mined by the Indians. NE_ . SE Saporlite (25 ft).. Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, medium to 1-7 T. ant. biotite and coarse grained; accessory apatite, hornblende garnet, sericite, biotite, epidote. gneiss. Southeastern body has Pl-Q-M wall zone, P-Q core. jLsnsss 1.5 T, 5L_ NE - SE 5T, 30L- NE SE Unweathered Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, fine grained. NE SE . grained; graphic texture common. 30 T(?), >275 NE... SE do... do - L(7). grained. 1-4 T, >90L NE SE.._ . Interlayered bio­ Unweathered - Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, coarse swell. tite and horn­ grained; accessory garnet, pyrite. blende gneiss. 1ST, >65L NE SE - ---do. _ ---,_ Saprolite. _ _ P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, medium to tabular. ant. coarse grained. 3-6 T .... N E Weathered Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite; ac­ cessory biotite, sericite. 6-8 T ...... NE SE. .do . Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite. ant. Thin...... NE-. SE NE.- Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite. "A" mica tite and horn­ obtained from another body in adit blende gneiss. to northwest of shafts. -do.. ... 3-4T . NE. SE do. -. do NE do Weathered _ Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite. Near and 2 T. Susie mine. 4-6 T, >110L_- NE SE.. - ... ..do -do ... Kaolinized Pl-P-Q-M-B pegmatite. tite and horn­ Muscovite along hanging wall, blende gneiss. biotite along footwall. Graphic texture common. NE...... SE . do .. - do ..... lenses. P-Q core, medium grained. 20 T ..... NE SE .do Biotite gneiss. __ P-Q-P1-B-M pegmatite, fine to coarse grained; accessory garnet, vermiculite. 3 T, 20 L (avg).. NE SE-- ... .do... tite and horn­ grained. blende gneiss. 10- 1ST ...... NE SE -do... _do - tabular. grained; accessory garnet. 0-2 T, 10 D ... NE SE .... . -do- Hornblende Unweathered _ Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained; gneiss. accessory garnet. 10T- NE-.- SE SW -do Weathered _ Kaolinized Pl-P-Q-M-B pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory sericite. do 28 T ...... N E--- - do - - ant. discontinuous; P-Q core, graphic texture common. . do 1-5 T, 160 L NE. - SE biotite gneiss. P core, medium to coarse grained. 20-30 T, >100 L. NE-.. . SE Weathered _ P-P1-Q-M-B pegmatite, some graph­ ic texture, crude foliation parallel to walls. .do ..... 1.6-9T, 120 L... NE - SE-.. -do ...... Pl-Q-M wall zone; P-Q-M core, some graphic texture. 2-15 T ...... NE-. . SE - Interlayered Weathered Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, medium to tabular. ant. hornblende and (100ft). coarse grained; accessory biotite, biotite gneiss. garnet, apatite, sericite. Locally gneissic texture and fine grained. Numerous gneiss inclusions. Cuts to north in P-Q-P1-M-B pegma­ tite, medium grained, worked for feldspar. 1-4 T - NE.... SE. .do Mica gneiss and Unweathered- - Pl-Q-M pegmatite, discontinuous. granite. do 1-6 T NE. - SE ...... do...... Weathered (50ft). grained; Q core, discontinuous. Tabular ... 3-4 T, >50 L.... NW .... NE.... ------Discordant ...... Hornblende Weathered - Pl-Q-M wall zone; P-Q core. gneiss. IT, 10L. NE.. _ - SE do ... Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite, me­ biotite and dium to coarse grained. hornblende gneiss. 64 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGEi IN NORTH CAROLINA

TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued KONA-LEDGER AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

395 DMEA._. __ 1905- - 4 shafts, drifts, trenches, Green, "A" structure, bent, cracked, prospect pits in area 80 small. by 200, 40 deep. 394 USGS- ...... Pre-WWII 3 cuts, 60 long, 10 deep, 3 adits, caved stopes or drifts(?). 374 Ralph Jarrett prospect _. DMEA...... Pre-WWII, 1955 2 caved shafts and 2 adits, 2 Green, minor "A" structure, commonly trenches 150-170 long, cracked, moderately stained, bent; 10-16 deep, inclined shaft small. 50, drift 80. 359 USQS...... Pre-WWII.- - Scrap, feldspar.

339 USGS....--.-..-. 1954(7)......

338 George Ledford prospect.. USGS ------1QC4. Grayish green, "A" structure, ruled, bent. 364 USGS ...... Pre-WWII, 1957 360 DMEA...... 1956-57 Cut 18 with inclined shaft Ruby, biotite intergrowths, moderate Small sheet...... 60, drifts 100. Inclined bending, ruling, stain. shaft 64, drifts 50 just east of cut. 396 McKinney mine (on USGS ------Pre-WWII Feldspar(?) ...... Rebels Creek). 382 DMEA...... -. Pre-WWII, 1956 Cut 100 long, 15-20 deep, Small sheet...... adit 25, drift 31, caved incline.

380 USGS...... - Pre-WWII Pits, small cuts in area 150 Feldspar(?)____ by 500. 406 Murphy Rock mine (on USGS- ...... 1938 2 cuts 10-20 Moderate sheet. Rebels Creek). 404 USGS ...... 1956 Flat and wedge "A" structure, biotite None __ --- -- intergrowths. 363 USGS-.--....-. Pre-WWII... Series of caved pits 200 along strike. 375 PGSSV prospect USGS ...... Pre-WWII 537 CMC, USGS--. .. 1915, 1943 Greenish brown, bent, cracked, stained-

407 Pepper Pot (Perrin) mine. USGS- ...... 1885, 1910, 1930, 2 large cuts, 5 small cuts, Cinnamon brown, stained, minor ruling, Small sheet WWII. shaft 80, several adits in reeving, haircracks. (WWII). area 150 by 250. 346 R.B. Phillips mine- DMEA, Amos 1954-59 3 shafts, large stope 380 Green, clear, minor "A" structure, bend­ >100,000 Ib sheet (1959). long, 80 high. ing, ruling. Mica concentrated in rolls. and punch. 353 Old Susie Phillips (Robert USGS ...... 1868 int to WWII, Cut 100 diameter, 50 deep, Greenish brown, stained, moderate rul­ Small sheet Phillips) mine. 1950's. caved underground ing, "A" structure, haircracks. (1950's). works.

341 DMEA ...... 1900, 1957 Inclined shaft 70, drifts 34 .. _ Green, moderately reeved, cracked, bent- None _ ------342 USGS . . iQnn Green, clear, "A" structure, small, minor bending, ruling. 399 USGS ...... - Pre-WWII Feldspar ____ ... 372 USGS...... WWII Green, "A" structure, tied, bent, small- Small sheet.. - ... 397 USGS.. - Pro WWTT

385 Snow Creek prospect ___ TTOri Q 1955 Cut Brownish green, reeved, biotite inter­ growths, stained, small 347 DMEA...... - 1955 2 parallel trenches 75 long, None _____ ..-- 2 deep; small prospect pits. 368 USGS ...... T>rp WWTT Scrap, feldspar..

369 Clyde Sparks South mine. USGS . 1920 Cut 75 long, 10 deep, adit - 355 USGS ...... 1956 Cut 50.-...... Greenish brown, moderate "A" struc­ ture, clear, commonly bent, cracked. 343 Vera Stapleton prospect USGS 1954(?)...... Prospect pits, 5-10 deep ..... Small sheet... _ PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 65 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continuad

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued KONA-LEDGER AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

40 T, 500L(?) N_ - ... E-- . SE ^VticSi schist Kaolinized Pl-P-Q-M wall zone, fine ant. to coarse grained, graphic texture common; Pl-Q-M intermediate zone, coarse grained; Q core. .do ... NE- ... SE - -do ...... do P-Q-P1-M pegmatite; accessory bio­ 25 T. biotite and tite, verniiculite. hornblende gneiss. Pinch and 2.6-3.5 T...... NE... - SE...... NE-.. _ __ do.... _ Weathered Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium to swell. (50ft). coarse grained; accessory garnet. Gneiss inclusions. Several small pegmatites exposed to south. 50 T _____ ... .. NE- _ SE- -do . ... - Pl-Q-P-M wall zone, medium to gneiss. coarse grained; accessory garnet, pyrite; P-Q core, coarse grained, discontinuous graphic texture common. .do . 8T(?) - NE-- - SE...... NE... . -.do ...... Q-P1-M wall zone, medium grained; accessory garnet, beryl; P-M intermediate zone; Q core. 1-4.6 T, 2-20 L.. NE-.. . SE ... -do- ...... _ ..do Weathered Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, larger lenses (10ft). have Q core. 6 T(?) -.- _ N...... E __ do ... - . .do P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. 1-10 T ..... __ NE SE _do Un weathered .. Pl-Q-M wall zone, discontinuous; biotite and P-P1-Q-M-B core. 2 separate peg­ hornblende matites explored, similar in com­ gneiss. position. Tabular.. >30T... . NE- SE - - do ...... - P-P1-Q-M-B pegmatite; accessory gneiss. garnet, pyrite; cut by late quartz vein. .do...... 20-25 T NE SE do Weathered Pl-P-Q pegmatite, fine grained, biotite and (20ft). graphic texture. Along hanging hornblende wall there is Pl-Q-M pegmatite, gneiss. coarse grained, separated from main mass by discontinuous zone of massive quartz. P-Q-P1-M pegmatite, medium grained; accessory biotite, vermic- ulite. NE - SE ... Q-P1-M pegmatite; accessory biotite, garnet, uranium minerals.

vite in soil. do . F-Q-M pegmatite fine grained, on dump. No exposures. -do ... No exposures. Dumps weathered and overgrown. 3-4T NE - SE...... Weathered (30 Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite. ft). -do ... NE...... SE ... SW- _ do . Q-P1-M pegmatite, medium grained; accessory garnet, apatite, serlcite. Several similar pegmatites exposed to southeast. NE-- - SE SW_ ... -.do Unweathered Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, medium to tabular. 400L,>140D. tite and horn­ coarse grained; accessory garnet, blende gneiss, apatite, sericite. 2-20 T- ... NE SE SW(?)..__ do . P-P1-Q-M wall zone, medium to ant. coarse grained; accessory garnet, beryl, columbite-tantalite, uranium minerals (?), pyrite; Q core reported. 1-6 T, 50 L _ NE- SE E...... __do ..... Weathered (15 Pl-P-Q-M wall zone, fine to medium ft). grained; Q core. 2 T...... NE. ... SE .do. Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained; accessory beryl, biotite, sericite. >20T(?) ..... NE - SE P-Q-P1-M pegmatite, fine to coarse grained. 8 T ..... NE SE -- P-Q-M-B pegmatite. NE-- SE ... P-Q-P1-M-B pegmatite; graphic gneiss. texture common; accessory vermic- ulite. 3T, 18L.,___.__ NE--. - SE Weathered -. .. F-Q-M pegmatite. 0.5-2 T NE . . SE -.do - Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained. gneiss. --.do flat Q-P-M-P1 pegmatite, graphic tex­ hornblende and ture common. biotite gneiss...... do 20 T...... XTT31 Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium grained; Q core. 2-10 T...... NE-.. SE - do _ Weathered-.. -- P-Q-P1-M pegmatite. rPaHn1ar 1 T NE-.. SE Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium grained, Q core. 66 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE, BLUE KIDGEt EST NORTH CAROLINA

TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued KONA-LEDGEB AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

386 Turbyfill mine ------__ USGS, DMEA... 1895, 1909, 1940, Shallow pits, 4 shafts 35-80 WWII, 1956. deep, 3 trenches 5-10 deep, in area 50 bv 250. 390 DMEA .... Cut 120 long, 10 deep, in­ Euby, "A" structure, locky, stained, Small sheet, clined shaft 75, drifts 75. ruled, cracked. scrap. 398 Sugar Dave Willis mine . DMEA, USGS-- Pre-WWII, 1955, Cut 100 long, 10-20 deep, Brownish green, mineral inclusions, Moderate sheet, 1958. several adits, shaft 50, stained, bent, cracked. large scrap. drifts. 345 DMEA-...... 1957-58 Shaft 85, stope (extension Small sheet--.. of R. B. Phillips mine). 344 Arnold Young prospect .... DMEA...... 1953-55

BANDANA AREA Mitchell County

432 USGS, OF...... 1880-1903, 1931, 2 large partly open stopes, Ruby, minor "A" structure, moderate 1933, 1938-40, old cuts, shafts, stopes, ruling, cracking. Common biotite 1942-44, 1953-62. adit, winzes, drifts in intergrowths. area 200 by 500, 200 deep. 425 USGS, DMEA, 1884-1900, 1945, 2 shafts 150; large stope 200 Ruby, minor ruling, cracking, bending, do--- ... OF. 1958-60. long, 100 deep, drifts. air stain.

410 DMEA...... 1956...... Adit 80......

417 Jess Buchanan (Mack USGS.-- WWII, 1954 2 shafts 25-40 deep, pits, Moderate sheet Thomas) mine. drifts in area 300 long. (WWII). 420 USGS ...... IQ^R

419 Devils Looking Glass USGS, CMC 1925, 1943 . Small sheet-. __ . mine. 436 Dog Pond (Chestnut USGS, DMEA.. . 1943, 1954, 1957 - Cut 20 diameter, 15 deep, Ruby, ruled, cracked, moderate "A" -do.- ..... Branch) mine. with incline 60. structure. 413 Flukens Hill mine .... _. USGS-- 1928, 1935-39, Large cut, shaft 90, stopes Moderate sheet, WWII, 1950's. feldspar, clay. 430 Joe Fouts mine..-- _ ... USGS, CMC, 1910, WWII, Cut 50, inclined shaft 50, Ruby, moderate bending, locky, biotite Moderate sheet . . . OF. 1953-55. stope. intergrowths, mineral inclusions.

415 USGS.-- .... . 1955-...... None.. __ ... 426 USGS.- ...... 1933, 1943, 1950's... 2 cuts, each 200 long, 20-40 Brown, "A" structure, locky, bent, deep; several shafts 50-80 stained. deep.

433 Half Moon mine- ._ __ .. DMEA...... 1953...... Cut 80 long, 30 deep, shaft Ruby, moderately bent, ruled, stained, ..... do...... 80, drifts 180. small. 418 Dave Hall (Bryants Hill) USGS, CMC- 1930,1941,1944-.. do-.. mine. 414 George Howell (Water- USGS, DMEA-.. 1936-37, 1940, Cut 75 long, 40 deep, hole) mine. 1944, 1954-57. stopes, 100 and 200 long, deepest 150. Drift extends 400 southwest of cut. 414 George Howell No. 2 DMEA- ... 1955-56 Shaft 154, drifts 300 at 100 mine. and 154 levels.

411 Jane prospect __ __ .. USGS-...... 1956 Trench 150 long, 5 deep..-.. Ruby, bent, stained, small 431 DMEA 1955-58 Cuts, 2 inclined shafts 40, Ruby, commonly bent, ruled, locky- Small sheet..--. - drifts 87, in area 100 by 300. 429 Ernest Johnson mine ...... USGS, OF-.- 1910, WWII Cuts, stope, shaft 35, shaft Ruby, minor stain, bending, locky. Moderate sheet- ... 60, drift 84 in area 50 by 150. 434 Lester Putnam (Marsh USGS, DMEA... WWII, 1953-55. Shaft 85, drifts 120, numer­ Ruby, biotite intergrowths, moderate do .- Putnam) mine. ous shallow shafts, cut 250 bending, ruling, cracking, stain. long, 5-20 deep. 435 Marsh (Morris) Putnam USGS 1908, 1944, 1953- Adit, 2 shafts, drifts, stope Ruby, minor "A" structure, moderate -do. . mine. 56. in area 100 long, 40 deep. cracks, biotite intergrowths, mineral inclusions. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 67 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued KONA-LEDGER AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

0.5-4 T NE . tite and horn­ coarse grained; accessory biotite, blende gneiss. garnet, sericite. Pinch and 1-8 T, avg3_ NE.._ . SE...... ______do Pl-Q-P-M wall zone, medium to swell. gneiss; biotite ft). coarse grained; accessory garnet, alteration. apatite; Q core, discontinuous. Tabular _ 1-6 T, avg 3 NE- - SE Partly concord­ Interlayered Weathered Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite; accessory ant. hornblende and (30ft). garnet, apatite, sericite. Muscovite biotite gneiss. is locally abundant. do... 1-4 T______. NE - SE Concordant - Interlayered bio­ Tinweathered- -. Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite. Several thin tite and horn­ bodies in area. blende gneiss. - do... . 1-4 T.-.- __ . NE SE do... hornblende and um grained; accessory garnet. biotite gneiss.

BANDANA AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

Tabular 10-25 T, >300 L NE _ SE NE Pl-Q-M-B wall zone, medium to tite and horn­ coarse grained; P-Q core; accessory blende gneiss. garnet, apatite, allanite, sulfldes. Several large parallel bodies mined and prospected. Irregular, 5-25 T, >300 L. NE SE - SW ..do.. - Weathered Pl-Q-M wall zone; P-P1-Q-M core, tabular. ant. (60ft). coarse grained; accessory biotite, garnet, sericite, sulfldes. Rare beryl, tourmaline. Several parallel peg­ matite bodies prospected. Tabular. . 0.1-4T, 100 L... NE - - SE P -Pl-Q-M-B pegmatite, fine to me­ dium grained, graphic texture common. 0.5-4 T NE SE -do. ... P-P1-Q-M pegmatite; accessory bio­ swell. (40ft). tite. At least 2 pegmatites present. NE SE. -do.. Mica neiss line. Little pegmatite exposed, mostly removed. Tabular-­ 4.5 T. NE-- SE dO-.-. - do.. Tin weathered Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory biotite, garnet. Irregular, 4-8 T at crest, NE- ~ SE. - SW do.. - - do.-. . .do- Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, medium anticlinal. 1-2 Tonflanks. grained; accessory apatite, sericite. NE.. SE P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, coarse grained. gneiss. Irregular, 6-25T.-- - NE SE - NE Pl-P-Q-M-B pegmatite, coarse tabular. ant. grained; accessory garnet, beryl. Possibly southwestern part of pegmatite at Ernest Johnson mine. Tabular NE-. SE ..do-- . - P-Q-M-B pegmatite. -do.. . 8-15 T-. xri? SE. - . .do-. Pl-P-Q-B-M pegmatite, medium tite and horn­ (40ft). grained. Several pegmatites ex­ blende gneiss. plored. At least one has Pl-P-Q-M wall zone and quartz core. Poorly exposed. -.do... . l-4T.-_ NE. . SE .do.-. Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium to (30ft). coarse grained, 4 parallel pegma­ tites explored in southeast crosscut. . .do. ... ft *v_ft T1 NW.._ SW - -.do.- - tite. Tabular, 3-8 T.. . NE SE SW -do. Interlayered bio­ -do. P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, coarse grained; pinch and tite and horn­ some graphic texture; accessory swell. blende gneiss. biotite, garnet, pyrrhotite, pyrite. Tabular...... 2-15 T ... , __ NE SE ______Interlayered bio­ Weathered- __ P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, 4 pegmatites tite and horn­ intersected by prospect drilling. blende gneiss. Prospect 500 ft. Southwest of George Howell mine. 1-10 T, 100 L NE...... SB.. _ .... do do . . F-Q-M wall zone, fine to medium grained, Q core, discontinuous. Irregular- ... _ 1-11 T ... _ .. NE.-.. SE _. ... .do... do . Weathered Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium to (30ft). coarse grained; P-Q core, discon­ tinuous; accessory garnet, pyrite. 2-40 T----.. . NE.-. - SE NE tabular. ant. accessory garnet, sulfldes. Tabular 3-5 T, 500 L(?).. NE. SE do...... Weathered Pl-Q-M wall zone, fine grained; (80ft). P-Q-M core, coarse grained; ac­ cessory biotite, garnet, sericite. do 3-10 T ...... NE...... SE ...... do ...... Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, medium to ant. coarse grained; accessory biotite, garnet, apatite, tourmaline, chal- copyrite, sericite. 68 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE: BLUE RIDGE. EST NORTH CAROLUSTA TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued BANDANA AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

412 Randolph (Randall) Sterrett (1923, p. 1875, int to 1944, Numerous adits, shafts and Moderate sheet mine. 259), USGS, 1954-55. stopes partly destroyed (WWII), feld­ DMEA. by later cuts. Shaft 60, spar. drift 80. 427 Ed Robinson (Ancient; USGS, OME...... Pre-WWII, 1944, Adit 250, small cuts, shaft Ruby, ruled, bent, moderate stain, min­ Small sheet.-. .... Willis) mine. 1959. 100, drift 100, in area 100 eral inclusions. by 300. 428 USGS, DMEA 1915, 1944, 1955 Several pits, shaft 25, trench Greenish brown, stained, bent, mineral .do - . - 85 long, 15 deep. inclusions. 424 USGS, DMEA, 1868-79, 1906-10, Numerous shafts, adits, Ruby, clear, hard, minor bending, Large sheet, scrap, OF.... 1914-20, 1940- drifts in area 300 by ruling. Books 0.2-2.0 ft in diameter. feldspar. >200,- 45, 1952-62. 1,000. Stoped out to 000 Ibs of sheet depth of 300. Opencut (1952-62). 300 long, 30 deep des­ troyed part of old works.

421 USGS WWII ... -.- Cut 150 long, 5 wide, >25 Small sheet-..-. - deep, adit, prospect pit. 416 Thomas (Black Bull) USGS, DMEA WWII, 1955, 1959- Cut 120 long, 10-20 deep; mine. shaft 64, drifts 60. 423 D. M. Thomas (Oven- USGS WWII Shaft 60, adit, several pits ... lifter) mine. 422 DMEA 1900, WWII, 1954- Several small cuts, 3 adits -do - 55. 2 shafts 75-115 deep, drifts, in area 50 by 250.

BRUSH CREEK AREA Yancey County

443 USGS--.--- . 1956(?)......

447 Chestnut Branch mine.... USGS-- 1880, int to 1938, Open stope 250 long, 30-50 1950'S. deep. 446 Coletta prospect _____ USGS--...... 1959 ...... Small sheet- ___ 444 Jim Curl (Deck »rind- USGS, CMC. 1935-36, 1953 .... Cut 50, numerous caved Brown, moderate stain, locky, ruling, Moderate sheet- -. staff, Charles Garland) shafts 35-60 deep, adit 40 bending. mine. in area 300 long. 437 Carroll Deyton mine -.---. USGS--...... 1937-38 ...... _ Moderate sheet, feldspar. 440 Jake Farney mine -.---. USGS, CMC 1905, 1944. .. Shaft 40, drift 25, 2 adits, Ruby, cracked, ruled, bent, mineral in­ Small sheet ... .. several pits. clusions, stained. 452 Fox mine (upper Brush USGS, DMEA WWI, WWII, Cut 80 with open stope 50 Greenish to reddish brown, moderately Moderate sheet, Creek). 1954-58. long and 30 deep; caved cracked, stained, bent, ruled. Con­ feldspar. adit, inclined shaft 65, centrated in southeast plunging rolls. southeast of cut. 449 Andy Hall mine __ _ .. USGS- Pre-WWII Cut 45, adit 20-.. . Reddish brown, moderate "A" struc­ Feldspar, sheet. ture, near quartz masses. 438 USGS - Pre-WWII . -_ Cut, adit 250 . Green, "A" structure, garnet inclusions, small.

448 Hughes and Gouge pros­ USGS ...... 1956---...... Small sheet...... pect. 445 William (Jim) Hughes USGS--...... Pre-WWII. .-. Series of adits and shafts Small sheet (1931). mine. 600 along strike, 50 deep. 439 USGS- ...... WWI, 1952 Cut 50 long, 20 deep, shaft Greenish brown, hard, bent, cracked, 20, adit 35. ruled. 442 Flem and Cas Thomas USGS--. ... 1904, 1943- 11 pits, 4 adits, 4 shafts, Moderate sheet (Dan Jarrett) mines. drifts in area 200 by 600. 451 Tommy Thomas mine USGS- ... 1943 .. Shaft 80, drifts 45, inclined Light brown to green, reeved, hair- Small sheet shaft 45. cracks, quartz inclusions, small. 450 USGS--.-...... 1943 Cut 60, 2 prospect pits.--... Light brown, "A" structure, stained, do.- --..- small. 441 Nelson Woody prospect-. . USGS--...... Pre-WWII (?), Adit 50, pit 15 deep. 1955. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 69 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued BANDANA AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

Tabular NE SE._ ...... Weathered P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, medium to 1-20 T. (40ft). coarse grained, some graphic tex­ ture; accessory biotite, garnet, sulfides, autunite. ..do ..... 5-20 T ..... NE...... SE._._...... _. Weathered Pl-P-Q-M wall zone, medium ant. tite and horn­ (20ft). grained; P-P1-Q-B core, medium blende gneiss. coarse grained; accessory garnet, pyrite. -.do... NE...... SE Weathered P-P1-Q-M pegmatite; accessory 1-5 T. biotite, garnet. Tabular, Several bodies NE...... SE._ _ Partly concord­ Interlayered bio- Weathered Pl-Q-P-M wall zone, medium to lenses. 1-25 T. ant. tite and horn­ (100ft). coarse grained; P-Q-M core, coarse blende gneiss. grained; accessory biotite, garnet, apatite, tourmaline (rare). Numer­ ous connected lenses with tabular gneiss inclusions in main zone 1,200 ft. long. Several parallel tabular bodies to the northwest. 5 T NE...... SE...... do Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium marble. grained; accessory sericite, garnet, biotite. Tabular, NE...... SE-...-...... do ...... Pl-Q-P-M wall zone, medium lenticular. another 1-4 T. (20ft). grained; P-Q core, discontinuous; accessory biotite. NE...... Vertical Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite, (60ft). poorly exposed. Tabular, 1-14 T- .... NE...... SE._ ... Weathered Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite; accessory lenticular. (110ft). biotite, garnet. Pods of massive quartz in surface cut may be core. Pegmatite thins with depth.

BRUSH CREEK AREA Continued Yancey County Continued

2-4T- . NE...... SE...... tite and horn­ blende gneiss. Tabular, 0.1-6 T NE _ .... BE...... do_ ...... Interlayered horn­ Unweathered . Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, medium pinch and blende and bio­ grained; accessory garnet, apatite. swell. tite gneiss. Pinch and 1-2 T _ ...... NE SE...... do .. Pl-Q-M pegmatite; accessory garnet, swell. 2-4 T (?)-. ... NE...... SE...... Weathered...... Kaolinized Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite; tite and horn­ accessory garnet; poorly exposed. blende gneiss. Tabular...... 15 T--...... NE..---. SE ...... Concordant(?).. Interlayered horn­ Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, medium blende and bio­ grained; accessory garnet. tite gneiss. do... 6-8 T. -.. . NE.-. SE .do. . Weathered (30 Kaolinized F-Q-M-B wall zone, ft). medium to coarse grained; Q core. do.. 3-8 T __ .... NW.- . sw...... SE . Discordant... Interlayered Weathered (20 Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium to coarse hornblende and ft). grained, discontinuous; P-Q-P1-M biotite gneiss. core, medium grained; accessory garnte, biotite, allanite, tourmaline. NE...... SE ... .. P-P1-Q-M wall zone; Q core, discon­ tinuous. 35 T __ -. -.- NE...... SE...... do.-... Pl-Q-M wall zone; P-Q intermediate hornblende and zone, graphic texture common; Q biotite gneiss. core, discontinuous; accessory gar­ net, uraninite, secondary uranium minerals. 1-4 T, 50 D- NE SE ...... do Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, medium to coarse grained; accessory garnet, biotite, sulfldes. NE...... SE ...... do.- .... Pl-P-Q-M-B pegmatite, accessory hornblende and vermiculite. biotite gneiss. 0.5-3 T ...... NE...- SE...... do. . Pl-Q-M-B pegmatite, medium swell. gneiss. grained, sheared. 1-6 T.- ...... NE...... SE...... SW..-. do. . Pl-Q-M pegmatite; accessory garnet. swell lenses. tite and horn­ Several similar pegmatite bodies blende gneiss. mined and prospected. 4-T,>45L--._- NE...... SE do- Pl-Q-P-M-B pegmatite. --...do- ... 12T-- ...... NE...... SE ...... do...... - do- Weathered ...... Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite, medi­ um grained...... do 8T.-- ..... - NE...... SE ...... do...... Pl-Q-B-M pegmatite. gneiss.

269-720 67- 70 MICA DEPOSffiTS OF THE BLUE RIDGEi KST NORTH CAROLINA TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued GREEN MOUNTAIN AREA Yancey County

457 USGS Pre-WWII ... growths, ruled. 485 USGS, OF 1880, WWII ... _ bent, ruled. 488 USGS, OF 1880, 1935, WWII. adits. (1935), small sheet (WWII), feldspar. 489 Cilley (Silly, Celia) USGS, OF ... 1879, WWII, Cut 250 long, 100 deep, Green, minor "A" structure, moderate Moderate sheet mine. 1950's. shafts, adits, stope. cracks, ruling, locky, mineral inclu­ (WWII). sions.

464 USGS. 1943-44 Cut80...... moderately bent, cracked. 465 USGS 1928, WWII 60 long, 80 deep. growths.

470 USGS 1943.- _ Small sheet...... cracked, locky. 479 USGS 1885, 1930-32, WWII. drifts. 470 Green Mountain mine __ USGS Ruby to rum, hard,"A" structure, mod­ Large sheet. .- .... WWII, 1950's. inclines, pits, 850 along erate ruling, minor stain, biotite inter- strike, stopes 10-130 deep. growths. 469 Sterrett (1923, icon lonfi low mine. p. 276), D ME A. 2 adits in area 50 by 200. (WWIIK?). 476 Harding (Charlie Young) USGS, OF 1925-30, 1935-36, Cut 110, shaft, incline 200, Ruby, reeved, ruled, cracked, bent, mine. WWII. drifts, stope. biotite, intergrowths, locky.

459 USGS .- .. 1936-37, 1952-58 Large sheet, eral adits, 180-225 long, bent, ruled, stained. scrap. drifts and stopes. 460 USGS .... PrA WWTT 462 Sam TTnsldns mine DMEA...... 1952-54 Cut 200 long, 30 deep; Ruby, hard, biotite intergrowths, Small sheet, mod­ shaft 50, drift, 30. cracked, bent. erate scrap.

463 USGS.-...- ... Pre-WWII.. ... near core margins. 468 Laws (Walt Laws) USGS ...... 1936-37, 1939-40 . 2 cuts 20-60 long, 30 deep, Reddish brown, moderately ruled, Moderate sheet ... mine. adit, prospect pits. minor stain

467 DMEA... .. 195° 54 shaft 65, drifts at 40 and 60 levels. 454 USGS ...... Pre-WWII mine. caved shallow stopes. concentrated on hanging wall of core(?). 455 John Lettennan (South) USGS- .... Pro WWTT \Q*.Q mine. 458 Sterrett (1923, 1905-06 p. 278), USGS. adit 50, irregular pits. 484 Locust Rough (B. T. USGS ...... Pre-1900, WWII Brownish green, common biotite inter­ Small sheet Snopp) mines. pits, adits, small cuts in growths, stained, ruled, reeved. (WWII). belt 1500 long. 481 Mitchell Branch DMEA 1953-54, 1956-57 Reddish brown, moderate reeves, crack­ Moderate sheet. .. prospect. adit 60, shaft 60, drift 35. ing, bending, ruling, stain. 478 Moody Rock mine - __ . DMEA...... 1956-58 Cut 380 long, 10-25 deep; Light green, commonly bent, ruled Moderate sheet, shaft 63, drifts 225, moderate stain. Mica concentrated in large scrap. several shallow shafts, northeast plunging shoots. drifts and small stopes. 466 Peterson mine (on Mine USQS ...... 1944 Small sheet------Fork). 453 Peterson mine (on Toe USGS ...... Pre-WWII Cut ... Feldspar ____ .. River).

480 USGS cracked, bent. 456 Polly Randolph mine. .... USGS ...... - Pre-WWII Green, "A" structure, ruled, bent, Sheet--. - belt 350 long. moderate stain. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 71 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallroek weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike j Dip Plunge I SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued GREEN MOUNTAIN AREA Continued Yancey County Continued

Tabular NE-- SE .. - Mica gneiss Pl-Q-M wall zone; P-Q core, coarse 1-6 T. grained. Pegmatites deformed and cut by horizontal faults. NE. SE ..do ...... Pl-Q-M Pegmatite; accessory bio­ tite, garnet. Tabular.. __ 80 T- . NE - SE do Pl-Q-P-M-B pegmatite.

-do 40 T ..... NE_-. . SE.. NE do . tite and um grained; Q-M pegmatite (bun- hornblende rock) abundant locally. Accessory gneiss; biotite, garnet, biotite. alteration. ..do ..-. 8T, 80 L NE.-.. SE ___ .... .do Kaolinized F-Q-M wall zone; acces­ sory biotite, garnet; Q core. Poorly exposed. ..do ... NE-- SE ___ NE... -do .... P-P1-Q-M pegmatite; accessory bodies). gneiss. cleavelandite, garnet, blue, green, and yellow beryl, tourmaline, lepidolite, gahnite, columbite. do 1.5-2 T NW . SW_ Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite, me­ dium grained; accessory biotite. . do 6-7 T _ - NE ..do ..do F-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained. Pinch and 0.1-4 T-.. NE SE...... do . Pl-Q-M-P pegmatite, medium to swell. coarse grained; accessory garnet, pyrrhotite, apatite. 3-8 T .- NW -do -do . .... Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite. 1953 (80ft). shaft abandoned because of heavy dangerous ground. Irregular, 10-30 T ._ NE. SE Partly concord­ Pl-Q wall zone, medium grained; tabular. ant. Pl-Q-M intermediate zone, coarse grained; B-M-P1-Q intermediate zone, medium grained, on the hanging wall side only; Pl-P-Q core, coarse grained. Tabular, 4-10 T, avg 6 NE SE -do Weathered P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, coarse pinch and T, >155 L. (90ft). grained, some graphic texture; swell. accessory garnet. Pegmatite sheared and crushed. 1-12 T .... NE... . F-Q-M wall zone; Q-M core, dis­ swell. continuous. 12-18 T NE SE. . -.do Pl-P-Q-M-B pegmatite. hornblende (40ft). and biotite gneiss, .do 6T ... NE. SE . -do do . __ . .... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. ..do...... 10-12 T NE SE _do Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, medium to gneiss, biotite coarse grained; accessory biotite, alteration. garnet. Numerous prospects on similar bodies in area 1,500 by 3,000 ft. .do...... 4-8 T N . E- . do -do ...... Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium to coarse grained. Tabular...... 10 T...... _ NE..... SE... Concordant. _ - Pl-P-Q-M wall zone; accessory gneiss. garnet; Q core. Pegmatite and gneiss cut by small faults. NE. SE...... P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, fine to coarse grained; accessory garnet. 8-12 T.....-. . NW Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite; accessory gar­ swell. net, pyrite. Irregular, 1-20 T (several N...... do . Weathered _ ... Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, fine to med­ sinuous. bodies). biotite and ium grained; accessory biotite. hornblende gneiss. Irregular, 3-8 T, >160L NE...--. Steep- ..... NE,...... do . Weathered Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, medium tabular. (20ft). grained; accessory biotite, garnet apatite...... do. .... 3-20 T, >300 L_. NE. NE... Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, medium to- ant. biotite and (10ft). coarse grained, some graphic hornblende texture; accessory garnet, biotite, gneiss. tourmaline, apatite, beryl. NE__.- Weathered- _ .. Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. NE..... , Pl-P-Q-M wall zone(?), coarse grained; Q-P core(7), poorly exposed. Accessory columbite(?), samarskite, uranium minerals. Pinch and 3-8 T, MOO L NE...... NW...... Un weathered- . Pl-Q-M pegmatite, accessory garnet. swell. NE SE ...... do - Interlayered Weathered ...... Pl-Q-P-M wall zone; accessory biotite and garnet, vermiculite, columbite, hornblende uraninite, autunite; Q core. Several 72 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE EST NORTH CAROLINA TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued GREEN MOUNTAIN AREA-Ontinned Yancey County Continued

461 USGS .... Pre-WWII . _ . Small sheet. ___ 471 DMEA .... 1956 5-10 deep. cracked, bent, stained. 473 Ruby (Shaft) mine. ___ DMEA. .... 1953-58 Cut 80, inclined shaft 45 ..... Light brown, bent, ruled, locky, biotite Small sheet, intergrowths. moderate scrap.

487 USGS - 1930(7), 1951 underground workings reported beryl reported. production. 486 USGS...... _ 1953 .- 475 USGS. . - 1944. . Ruby...... Small sheet. ___

490 Three Quarters Creek USGS . 1879, 1944, Moderate sheet. .. mine. 1950's(?). adits, shaft, drifts. 483 USGS 1938-39 Moderate sheet, ruled. feldspar. 474 USGS ...... Pre-WWII, 1943 Small sheet (1943). ruled, bent, stained. 482 Wolf mine _ ----- _____ USGS .. 1943.------.. Small sheet...... growths, stained. 477 USGS...... WWII--. Small sheet(?) - tite intergrowths.

BLACK MOUNT AIN-BOWLENS CREEK AREA Yancey County

493 USGS, DMEA, 1(W^ 1Qi3~4.^ IQ^I OF. 53. 155, drifts 185, 2 stoped ruling, bending, locky, stain. (WWII), small inclines >100. sheet (1953).

511 USGS, DMEA... 1900, WWI, 1928, Large sheet 1936, 1943-45, several small trenches and elusions, ruled. (WWII). 1953. cuts.

517 DMEA. 1963-54 Cut 100, shaft 35, drifts 115.. Small sheet.. _ .. biotite intergrowths. 494 USGS -- ... 1944 pif OK flpp-n Ruby...... do. ----- 521 Cattail (Cattail Branch, Sterrett (1923, p. 1904, 1924, 1929- Open inclined stope 350 Ruby, moderate bending, ruling, crack­ Large sheet and Cattail Creek, Isom) 277), USGS, 32, 1934, 1943- deep, adit 440, stope and ing, reeving. scrap. Produc­ mine. DMEA, OF. 45, 1949, 1951-55. drifts. tion of sheet >200,000 Ib.

498 USGS ..... 1937 1943-44 stained, ruled, bent. 503 USGS...... 1900, 1910-13, 1939, 1952. bent, moderately stained, biotite in­ tergrowths. 518 USGS, CMC.. 1943-44 Pit 25 long, 20 deep

519 Grassy Knob prospect _ .. DMEA . 1952-53.-.. ------2 shallow trenches 200-300 Ruby, hard, stained, biotite inter­ .do ----- long, 10 deep, shaft 50, growths, ruled, bent. drifts 50. 526 USGS.DMEA... WWII 1958 .do... 16. 520 USGS 1QCO 500 Dolph Hensley mine. USGS

529 Jass mine _ ...... USGS.-. _..__ (T).- ...... Adit 15 - -. 504 Johnson's Cove mine...... USQS ...... Pre-WWII.. - Cut 300.. ------Green, "A" structure. ------__ .. ... Small sheet, feldspar. 496 Lawhern mine ______. USGS...... 1955------. Small sheet...... inclined shaft 39, drifts 42. growths, stained. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 73 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued GREEN MOUNTAIN AREA Continued Yancey County Continued

1-4T-...... NE...... SB ...... swell. grained; accessory garnet. Pinch and 1-12 T, 20-60. . .. NW . SW .... . _---do ------Weathered ... P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, poorly ex­ swell, hornblende and posed. lenses. biotite gneiss. Tabular _ ... 8-12.5 T...... NE...... SE . .. - Pl-P-Q-M-B wall zone, medium to ant. biotite and ered. coarse grained; Q core. hornblende gneiss. 6-12 T...... NE-...... Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite; acces­ gneiss. sory beryl. -.... do ...... F-Q-M pegmatite, several smal bodies, poorly exposed. 1-8 T...... NE--.... NW...-..-... . do. biotite and sory garnet. hornblende gneiss. Tabular, 8 bodies 1-40 T.. NE .... SE...... do...... do Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, medium to lenses. coarse grained; accessory garnet, biotite. Pegmatite faulted locally. 90 T(?) ...... NE--__- . . .do ..... - P-P1-Q-M wall zone; accessory ant. gneiss. garnet; Q core(?) discontinuous...... do... .. NE-.. . do core. Poorly exposed. -do - NE _ SE...... do ... . Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite; ac­ cessory biotite, garnet. .do 12 T NE.._. ... - -do.. ... _.do - -do Pl-Q-M-B pegmatite, medium grained; accessory garnet.

BLACK MOUNTAIN-BOWLENS CREEK AREA-Continued Yancey County Continued

Tabular _ - 4-7 T, >200 L, NE SW- Weathered (150 >150 D. ant. terlayered bio­ ft). grained; Pl-M-B intermediate tite and horn­ zone, coarse grained, discontinu­ blende gneiss. ous; Q, core, discontinuous. Zoning not well developed and generally asymmetric. Pegmatite cut by faults locally. 1-7 T, >400D.-- NE. NW W .do Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, fine to me­ pipe. dium grained; accessory garnet. Pipelike body formed where 2 thin tabular pegmatites coalesce along center of incline. 1-15 T - NW NE. ft). coarse grained; Q core. Q-P1 wall zone, medium grained; Pl-Q-M core(?), coarse grained. 5-35 T ... NE NW SW ant. discontinuous; Pl-P-Q-M inter­ mediate zone, fine to medium grained; P-Q intermediate zone, discontinuous; Q core, discon­ tinuous; accessory pyrite, gar­ net, biotite, pyrrhotite, tourma­ line. 1-8 T - NE dium to coarse grained; accessory garnet, biotite, allanite; Q core. Tabular ­ 1-4 T .. NE. SE SW Q-P1-M pegmatite; accessory bio­ tite, garnet, kyanite, pyrite, pyr­ rhotite, apatite. 0.5-4 T, >30 L- . NE.- SE Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory sericite, garnet, biotite, allanite. Tabular, 1-4 T ... NE. SE do Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to coarse lenses. grained; accessory garnet, pyrite. Pegmatites sheared. 1-2 T NW NE do Weathered (20 PI- Q-M-P pegmatite, co arse grained. ft). do 1-1.5 T ... NE - NW do grained. Tabular- _ 4-6 T - NW do .. Pl-Q-M-B pegmatite, medium to tite and horn­ coarse grained. blende gneiss. do 0.5-1.5 T-_ . NE... NW... F-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained do 40T NE-- NW -- NE do. __ .do _ _ __ ... Pl-P-Q-M-B pegmatite, graphi. texture common; accessory tour­ maline, garnet, thulite. Tabular 1-4 T .. NE-. NW do do... Un weathered- . Pl-Q-M-B pegmatite, fine to me­ pinch and dium grained; accessory garnet, swell. kyanite. Similar pegmatite pros­ pected 500 ft northeast. 74 MICA DEPOSITS 'OF THE' BLUE RIDGE, IN NORTH CAROLINA

TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued BLACK MOUNT AIN-BOWLENS CREEK AREA Continued Yancey County Continued

497 USGS...... 1952...... 4 prospect pits, average 8 deep. 515 USGS...... 1943-44_...... Light brown, "A" structure, ruled, bent, cracked, green mottled, small.

516 USGS...... WWII(?)__._ . . . Cut 18.-...... Light brown, ruled, cracked, moderately ... .do ...... locky. 491 USGS, CMC..... 1943-44...... 2 cuts 30 and 70, adit 12, ....do...... shaft 20, prospect pits. 531 DMEA..-...... Pre-WWII(?) Cut 150 long, 15 deep; in­ ....do ...... 1952-54. clined shaft 26, drift 40. 514 USGS...... Pre-WWII.. ._ Reddish brown, moderately stained, bent, locky, tangled. 528 USGS, CMC..... 1943...... Cut 25...... --. Ruby, ruled, cracked, bent, green, mot­ Cut 25 long, 5-30 deep; shaft tled, small. 522 DMEA...... 1880, WWII, 60, drifts 81. 1956-57.

523 USGS, CMC..... 1942-43. ... . do

530 DMEA...... 1956-57 ...... Cut 20 long, 10 deep; shaft 35...... do .... 499 USGS...... PreWWII, 1943 Light green, hard, cracked, clay stained. . Small sheet (1943). 512 S. W. Presley (Presnell) USGS, DMEA... 1938-39, 1953 2 adits, cut 60, inclined Large sheet mine. stope 100 long, 18 high; in­ (1938-39). clined shat 62, drifts 90. 510 USGS...... (?)...... 2 shallow trenches 76, Reddish brown, moderate "A" struc­ incline 12. ture, bending, cracking. 525 Rathbone (John House USGS...... Pre-WWII, 1944 8 pits and cuts, largest 50 Small sheet (1944). Cove) mine. long, 25 deep. 506 Sterrett (1923, p. 1869-85, 1914-20, Cuts, shafts, stopes, 20-200 Ruby, moderate "A" structure, ruling, 279), USGS, 1931-32, 1942-44. deep for 650 along strike. bending. OF. 507 Little Ray (Pat) mine.- ... DMEA- . 1955-57. _ - Cuts, 3 shafts, stopes, Greenish brown, moderate "A" struc­ Moderate sheet drifts 60-130 deep, 660 ture, bending, ruling. Concentrated in along strike. south plunging rolls. 501 USGS, CMC..... 1905, 1943 ...... Cut 42 long, 12 deep; pros­ Greenish brown, biotite intergrowths, Small sheet ...... pect pit. bent, cracked, small. 524 USGS, DMEA... 1885, 1940, WWII, Cut 100 long, 10-50 deep, Greenish brown and pale ruby, moder­ Moderate sheet 1955. adit 150. ate "A" structure, ruling, stain, min­ eral inclusions. 495 USGS.. - ... 1963...... ~Pif 1 % rtcmn 509 USGS, DMEA- 1935, WWII, Narrow inclined stopes, 3 Reddish brown, stained, minor ruling Moderate sheet 1955-56. shafts, adit, drifts for 250 along strike, 105 deep. 513 USGS...... 1890, 1938-40, 2 cuts 40 to 80 long, 30 deep, Greenish brown, bent, ruled, mineral .do...... 1943-44, 1950's. incline 30, prospect pits. inclusions.

527 USGS.....-..-. 1943, 1953-54 4 cuts 20-40 long, 460 along Ruby, hard, moderate ruling, bending, ... ..do ... strike, 2 short adits. stain.

492 USGS, OF Pre-WWII, 3 shafts, 45-90 deep, adit Reddish brown, moderate biotite inter- Moderate sheet 1943-44. 35, cut, drifts 190. growths, minor stain. Concentrated in (WWII). southwest plunging shoots.

508 USGS...... 1940 Cut 30 long, 10 deep; adit 15 505 Westall mine (West of USGS...... WWII...... Bench cut and prospect Brownish green, concentrated along Bowlens Creek). pits. Several hundred footwall. feet along strike. 502 USGS 1880, 1920-25, Cut 110 long, inclined stope Light brown, cracked, bent, small.. 1943-44, 1957. 40, prospect pits. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 75 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued BLACK MOUNTAIN-BOWLENS CREEK AREA Continued Yancey County Continued

1-4 T, 30 L _ Tabular. __ 10 T__ ... NE...._._ Vertical. . - do PI-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory biotite, sericite, garnet. Pegmatite has 4 ft gneiss inclusion. . .do ...... 1T,>18L ... NE...... NW...... do ... -do...... Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory sericite, garnet. ..do. . 0.5-1 T...... NW._._.._ SW. . .. . do do dium grained. do. 1-3 T, >100 L, NE...... SE...... do. ... 12 D. (20 ft). accessory garnet; Q core, discon­ tinuous. .-do 1-4 T... .. NE...... NW...... do ...... tite and horn­ net, sulfldes. blende gneiss. . .do...... 8T(?)_ _ NE...... Vertical .... - do . grained; accessory garnet, kyanite. . .do...... 3-5 T, >100 L.._ NE...... SE...... do...... Pl-Q-M wall zone, fine to medium grained; accessory garnet, tour­ maline, sericite, sulfldes; Q core, discontinuous. Pegmatite cut by several faults. do_.__ 3-5 T....- . NE.. .. SE...... do...... gneiss. accessory garnet, allanite; Q core, discontinuous. Lens.. ___ 0-3 T...... NE...... SE...... do...... Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained; accessory sericite. Tabular...... 6T,45L. .. NE...... SE. .do...... dium grained. 3-12 T...... NE-. _ . NW...... SW.. ... -do... . do...... (30ft). coarse grained; accessory apatite, garnet, tourmaline, beryl, biotite. 1-8 T...... NE- NW-... _. do Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory sericite, biotite. Tabular.. __ NW...... 0.5-2 T. ant. grained. Irregular, 0.5-60 T._ .... NE... _ . NW...... sw...... do...... do ... Weathered Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, coarse grained; tabular. (20ft). accessory biotite, tourmaline, garnet, beryl, autunite, thulite, columbite-tantalite. 2-5 T...... NE...... SE.. _ ...... S ..... Weathered (15 Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, medium to tabular. ant. ft). coarse grained; accessory garnet, tourmaline, apatite, beryl. 2 peg­ matites mined or prospected. Tabular...... 4 T, 100 L- _ .. NE. - SE .do .... Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory garnet, biotite, allanite. 2-6 T NW _ ... Variable ...... do Weathered (20 tabular. ft). grained; accessory biotite, garnet, allanite; Q core discontinuous. 6-10 T .. ... NE ...... NW...... Pinch and 0.1-5 T.. ... NE _ NW SW...... do Weathered (20 swell. ft). coarse grained; accessory garnet, kyanite. Pinch and 1-11 T...... NW....._. SW.. . SW.. Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium to swell, ant. coarse grained; accessory garnet. irregular. Several similar pegmatites mined or prospected. 1-4 T...... NE...... SE...... grained; accessory sericite, apatite, garnet, sulfldes. Several pegmatites mined or prospected along fault. 3-6T NE...... NW ... _ .. SW-...... gneiss; biotite coarse grained; accessory biotite, alteration. allanite, garnet, apatite; Q core, discontinuous. Numerous gneiss inclusions. 1-3 T NW...... SW...... ft). grained. Poorly exposed. 0.1-3 T... .. NW SW swell. 8-10 T(?) - NE ...... Vertical ...... grained, accessory garnet, biotite, sericite, columbite. 76 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGEi EST NORTH CARO-LINA TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued MICAVILLE AREA Yancey County

669 USGS. . - 1934, WWII...... elusions, small. (WWII). 552 USGS 1910, int to 1925, 1936. large stopes, in line 350. stained, concentrated along quartz core. 577 Olson (1944, p. 1935-38, 1940, >150,000 Ib sheet- mine. 63-65). 1944. ruling, stain, biotite intergrowths.

575 Ayles Creek (Allis Creek, USGS . 1890, int to 1944.... Cut 600 long, 30 deep; shafts Ruby, ruled, bent, reeved, minor stain. Moderate sheet... . Aley) mine. inclines, drifts, partly de­ Brownish green, "A" structure, con­ stroyed by cut, 80-90 centrated near quartz core. deep. 571 USGS.. - WWTT 1QW1 mine. several caved adits and shafts. 546 Barger (Spruce Pine Mica Urban (1932), 1925-31, 1941-44, Stoped incline 525, drifts, Green to brownish green, minor bend­ >200,000 Ib sheet. . Co. No. 21) mine. USGS, OF. 1956-62. stopes, inclines, shafts, in ing, stain, locky; small. area 150 by 500. 544 USGS, OF...... 1 QfWI 1 Q4.3 4.4, drifts, crosscuts. (WWII). 543 Bee Ridge mine (North) _ USGS...... 1928, int to 1943; Ruby, biotite intergrowths, moderate 1952-56. drifts 80. bending, ruling. 532 USGS - . Pro WWTT IQWl'o (South). roomlike stopes. mica(?).

556 Lower Bee Spar mine.. _ USGS...... Pre-WWII Ruby, bent, ruled .. _____ ...... Scrap mica, feldspar. 557 USGS . Pre-WWII do ----- 563 Nelson Boone mine...... USGS...... 1931-32, 1942-43 . Small sheet deep, adit, shaft, stope. inclusions, ruled, cracked. (WWII).

578 Bowditch mine... . ___ USGS Pre-WWII feldspar. 542 Branch mine __ ...... USGS...... 1880-90, 1925, Cut 60 long, 50 deep(?) 1933-36. "A" structure mica associated with quartz pods. 547 Branch Ridge mine ____ USGS ...... 1940 . 12 adits, drifts in belt Light brown, small______... Moderate sheet(?)_ several hundred feet long. 543 Buckeye mine ...... USGS.-...... _ 1895, int to Brown, ruled, bent, stained; green, WWII. and adit in line 150. wedge "A" structure, concentrated near quartz pods. 554 Carrollmine __ __ . USGS .... Pre-WWII Feldspar __ .... 553 USGS, CMC.. 1928,1938,1943.... Small sheet (1943). deep, drifts, stopes, stained. incline. 559 Cedarcliff mine ______USGS...... Pre-WWII feldspar.

574 Clinchfleld mine _____ USGS...... Pre-WWII-.-. .... Scrap. _____ ... ______. Feldspar __ .. ... 545 Coy prospect ______USGS Shaft 60(7), cut...... 566 USGS, DMEA, 1Q19 14 IQIfi OF. 1923-24, 1927-40, 220-420 long, 40-160 deep, monly locky. (1925-39), 1944, 1955-56. incline 405, drifts 40. feldspar.

573 USGS., Pre-WWII

562 Mills Griffith (Griffin) USGS ..... 1935, 1943-45 . Cut 55 diameter, 55 deep, Ruby, ruled, concentrated in wall zone; Moderate sheet, mine. several shafts, small cuts, green, "A" structure, stained, concen­ feldspar, quartz, stope in area 100 by 600. trated along core margin. beryl (minor).

570 Smart Griffith mine...... USGS ...... 1944. Small sheet(?) - area 50 by 100. 1 PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 77 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude WaUrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued MICAVILLE AREA Continued Yancey County Continued

Weathered ___ Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite; ac­ cessory biotite, garnet. Poorly exposed. Tabular(?)._. 6T ..... NE...... SE _ ... _ ... Discordant(?) _ .... .do... Weathered (140 Kaolinized F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. ft). Poorly exposed. NE...... NW... - SW.-. - - do . Unweathered. ... Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to coarse flattened ant. grained; accessory garnet, biotite, pipe. venniculite, apatite, pyrite, chal- copyrite, pyrrhotite, kyanite. Peg­ matite faulted locally. 20-25 T _ . NE... SE...... NE... .do Weathered. . Pl-Q-P-M wall zone, fine to coarse tabular. hornblende and grained; Q core. biotite gneiss.

19 T1 NE...... NW... ..do ...... Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite; accessory gar­ net; schist inclusions. 4T, >300L. NE...... SE...... SW- Weathered Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, medium tongues. ant. (30ft). grained; accessory garnet, columbite, epidote. Q-M pegmatite (burr rock) locally abundant. NE.... SE ...... do Weathered Pl-Q-M pegmatite; accessory garnet. (50ft). Most of pegmatite mined away. 2-6 T, >255 L.- NE...... SW.. .do ...... Unweathered... Pl-P-Q-M wall zone, medium to tabular. ant. coarse grained; accessory biotite, garnet, apatite, beryl; Q core. NE...... _do .... .do...... Pl-P-Q-B-M wall zone, medium to hornblende coarse grained; accessory garnet; and biotite P-Q core, some graphic texture. gneiss. P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, fine to me­ gneiss. dium grained, graphic texture; ac­ cessory biotite, venniculite, garnet. NE... SE...... Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, graphic tex­ ture; accessory garnet. 20 T...... NE___ . SE Hornblende Pl-Q-M wall zone, fine grained; ant. gneiss; biotite Pl-P-Q-M core, medium to coarse alterations. grained; accessory sericite, biotite, garnet. NE Hornblende P-P1-Q-M pegmatite; accessory gar­ gneiss. net. Poorly exposed. 6-10 T...... NE SE Mica gneiss...... Pl-Q-M pegmatite; accessory biotite, venniculite, garnet. Lenses...-- _ 0.1-6 T, avg4... NE. __ . SE. .-___...... do...... _ .do...... _ F-Q-M pegmatite. in_io T* NE...... SE do ... Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite; accessory ver- tabular ant. miculite, epidote, garnet. bodies. NW_ F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. gneiss. TWhnlar 3-4 T NE...... _ SE...._ .... Concordant __ Mica gneiss.. __ Weathered _ . F-Q-M pegmatite.

50 T...... NE. ...__. Interlay ered Q-P1-P wall zone(?); P intermediate branching. ant. hornblende zone(?); Q core, discontinuous; and biotite accessory muscovite, venniculite, gneiss. rr*o'Knlar 50T NE...... SE _ do Hornblende P-P1-Q-M pegmatite. gneiss. Weathered Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite. (60ft). 5-35 T. 400 L, NE.. .. SE-... .. SW... Mica schist ...... Unweathered... Pl-P-Q-M-B wall zone, medium to 140 D. coarse grained; accessory thulite, calcite, garnet; Q core, discontin­ uous. 2 parallel lenses, sinuous in cross section. N W . ---.-do ----- Interlayered bio­ P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, accessory gar­ tite and horn­ net, pyrite. blende gneiss, 3-40 T, >600 L._ N...... E...... N__._...__ do Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium to coarse arcuate. ant. grained; Pl-Q-P outer intermediate zone, medium grained; accessory garnet, muscovite, biotite; P-Q-P1 middle intermediate zone, coarse grained; P-M inner intermediate zone, coarse grained, discontinuous; Q core, discontinuous; accessory beryl, pyrrhotite, pyrite, tourma­ line. NW-...... Weathered...... Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. 78 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE EST NORTH CAROLINA TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued MICAVILLE AREA Continued Yancey County Continued

541 USGS, DMEA... 1890's, 1953-60. .... Cut 200 long, 20-30 deep, Green, "A" structure, moderately Moderate sheet several shafts (southwest), stained, bent, ruled. (1950's). open stope 200 and incline 100 (northeast). Workings about 600 along strike. 560 Hensley Laurel (Charley USGS ..... - Pre-WWII, 1944.- Cut 120, inclined stope 100- . Brown-brownish green, reeved, ruled, Young) mine. cracked, minor stain. 555 USGS Pre-WWII- Many slumped pits, sev­ Green, "A" structure, concentrated eral adits, in line 400. along core margin. 561 USGS 1943.- Light green, cracked, bent, concentrated along quartz core. 576 DMEA - WWI, 1955 Adit and stope 95 long, 30-40 Small sheet (1955). high; shaft 15, drift 80.

564 USGS 1943 Shaft 15, numerous pits, Brown, hard, biotite intergrowths, bent, cuts, trenches in area 100 cracked. by 200. 568 Shurb McKinney (Water- USGS, DMEA--. 1941, 1955 .-- _ - Cut with open inclined Green, moderately ruled, stained, Moderate sheet hole) mine. stope 60 long, 40 deep; cracked. (WWII), small shaft 65, drift 63. sheet (1955).

535 DMEA...... 1957. . _ - 3 shallow cuts in line 140, Small sheet-..-- - incline 60, drift 80. 550 Presnell (Presley) mine USGS, DMEA, 1872, 1917 int to Narrow cuts and open Ruby, hard, moderate biotite inter- Dahners and 1940, WWII, stopes, 500 long, 110 deep. growths, tied, Jocky, ruled. Mclntosh 1952. Shaft 55, drift 50 to NE. (1948), OF.

539 Amos Presnell Flukens USGS, DMEA... Pre-1920, 1953-54 . . 4 adits, several shafts, Brown, "A" structure, stained, bent, Small sheet (1953). (Clear) mine. stopes, shallow cuts in ruled. line 400. 549 John Nelse Presnell mine- USGS ...... 1943... ------Cut 20.-...... - .. Light brown, ruled, cracked, biotite in­ clusions, locky. 548 Charles Robinson mine USGS, DMEA, 1900, int to 1925, Cuts, several shafts, large Large sheet , OF. 1942-44, 1953-58. stopes, drifts in area 700 scrap. long, 180 deep. 567 John Shehan (Gouge, USGS .. 1905, 1907, 1941- Numerous cuts, inclines, Brownish green, moderate stain, mineral Large sheet Ollis Statton) mine. 44, 1956. stopes, shafts in area 150 inclusions, reeved, cracked. (WWII). by 300 and 90 deep 572 USGS...... 1QOQ 565 South Toe River mine USGS...... WWII. .. Cut85 - - Light brown, "A" structure, locky, cracked, small. 533 USGS...... Per-WWII ..... Sheet (?) feldspar..

541 Sparks mine (200 ft south­ USGS...... Pre-WWII.. Small cuts, caved shafts and west of the Hector mine). underground workings. 540 Ed Sparks (Cox) mine DMEA...... 1957-58 Cut 100 long, 15 deep; in­ Green, "A" structure, stained ___ . ... Small sheet ...... clined shaft 57, drifts 92. 558 USGS ...... Pre-WWII Numerous pits 25 deep in line 200. 538 USGS, OF...... 1880, 1917-20, Several shafts, pits and Green to brown, color zoned, hard, tied, 1925-26, 1942-43, stopes 350 along strike, cracked, bent. 1955-57. 100 down dip.

536 USGS ...... Pre-WWII Stained, scrap ...... __ ... _ ... Scrap .. ____ 551 Tom Woody (Edge) mine. USGS ...... 1943.-...... Cut 60 long, 20 deep; shaft Light brown, ruled, stained, tied, small- 27.

CELO AREA Yancey County

631 USGS...... Pre-WWII _. Series of narrow cuts 800 Brown, moderately stained, bent, long 15 deep, drifts, shafts, cracked. adits. 593 USGS...... 1920, int to 1944. .. Brown, hard, green mottled,bent, stain­ ed. Brownish green, "A" structure, hard. 655 USGS...... 1941, 1944 2 cuts 50-801ong, 15-25 deep, Light brown, moderately ruled, shallow shafts, drifts. cracked, bent. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 79 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued MICAVILLE AREA Continued Yancey County Continued

5-14 T, >500 L- NE--.. SE...... Weathered (40 Pl-P-Q-M wall zone, medium to ft). coarse grained; accessory biotite; Q core.

do >10T...... NE-.. . SE - - ....do ... - do tite, garnet. . .do - 8-10T .. NE...... NW ...... Weathered ...... Kaolinized P-Q-M wall zone, medi­ blende and bio- um to coarse grained; Q core. tite gneiss. NE...... SB . do . Kaolinized Pl-Q-M wall zone, medi­ um to coarse grained; Q core. 1-5 T . ... N ...... W . N...... Biotite gneiss..... Weathered (10 Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, coarsegrained; ft). accessory biotite, garnet. Pegma­ tite pinches out in lower drift level. NE...... Concordant(?)-- Mica gneiss. ------Weathered _ ... Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite; ac­ cessory biotite. 3-4 T NE...... QF ing wall; granite um grained; accessory sericite, foot wall. biotite, garnet, apatite. Quartz on dump may be part of Q core. Pegmatite grades into granite on foot wall. . do .. 3-8 T ...... NW NE...... do. ... Hornblende Weathered (20 Pl-P-Q-M-B pegmatite. gneiss, biotite ft). alteration. 3-15 T ..... NE. SE...... SW...... Pl-P-Q-M wall zone, medium to swell, ant. coarse grained; P-Q intermediate irregular. zone, graphic texture common; accessory biotite; Q core, discon­ tinuous; accessory sericite, garnet, apatite, sulfldes. Three partly con­ nected pegmatites mined, others prospected. 10-15 T .... NE...... do...... Interlayered bio­ Weathered (60 Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite. tite and horn­ ft). blende gneiss. NE... - Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained; accessory biotite, garnet, sericite. 1-10 T ...... NE SW ... ..do...... Weathered (60 Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, medium to lenses. ant. ft). coarse grained; accessory apatite, garnet, beryl, allanite, uranium minerals. 1-40 T . NE SE. - SW. do -do Weathered (40 Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium ft). grained; accessory biotite, vennic- ulite, sericite, garnet. N...... do-. .... Weathered Pl-Q-M pegmatite; accessory seri­ cite, garnet, biotite. Poorly exposed. 6-7 T NE Vertical gneiss. grained; accessory garnet, biotite, apatite, sericite. do do .... - ulite, garnet; P-Q core, graphic texture. Large gneiss inclusion. NE SE Mica gneiss __ ... F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. 5 T, >65 L, 50 NE... . SE Weathered (50 Pl-P-Q-M wall zone, medium to D. ant. ft). coarse grained; Q core. do 30 T . Hornblende P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, coarse gneiss. grained. 1 1 1? T1 XTTfl OT31 a tite and horn­ grained; accessory garnet, biotite, blende gneiss, apatite, pyrite, allanite, thulite, biotite altera­ chalcopyrite, epidote, sericite. tion. Weathered- ... P-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. 3-4 T . . NE-. SE...... Concordant(?)_. Mica gneiss...... do Pl-Q-M pegmatite; accessory seri­ cite, garnet, biotite. Poorly exposed.

CELO AREA Continued Yancey County Continued

Lenses. NE SE SW...... Weathered P-Q-M pegmatite.

3-5 T . NW ... . SW Concordant .... . Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained; accessory garnet, apatite, biotite. Irregular ..... 1-6 T NE NW . .... Partly concord­ Hornblende Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium to ant. gneiss. coarse grained. 80 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA

TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued CELO AREA Continued Yancey County Continued

632 USGS...... 1014 17 1

582 Blackjack Ridge mine.--.. USGS...... Pre-WWII...... -. 2 cuts, each 300, adits, pits, Brown, mostly scrap...... _ Scrap-.-. in line 1,000.

589 USGS...... WWII...... _ 12. structure, small. 583 USGS, OF...... 1870, 1900, 1923- Young) mine. 25, 1930, 1942- clines, stopes in area 400 stained, minor "A" structure, ruling. 47. by 500.

645 USGS_-..-....-. 1890, WWII Cut 125, pit 25...... Small sheet (WWII). 592 USGS-. 1905, 1943-44...... Cut 160, shaft 25, adit 80. Green, "A" structure, moderately Moderate sheet. . locky, cracked, quartz inclusions, common green mottled. 585 USGS. WWII... Green, "A" structure, concentrated Small sheet...... near quartz core. 636 USGS..- .... do.- 626 USGS...... 1933, WWII ..do.-_ ...... 35, drift. stained, minor locky, clay stain.

651 USGS..-_- 1QOK 1CW9 614 USGS,...... 1890, WWI, 1942.. Shaft 30, incline 70...... Moderate sheet. . . small. 627 USGS-.-. . _ . WWII..... ___ incline to northeast. tied, cracked, small. 599 USGS-.- WWII Small sheet. _ . inclusions, ruled, reeved, bent, cracked. 629 Creson mine. ______USGS- ...... 1885, 1944. Cut 90, 5 shafts 10-45 deep. Ruby, hard, biotite intergrowths, tied, Small sheet cracked , minor reeved, ruled. (1944).

643 USGS.._ ...... 1890, WWI Greenish brown, stained. ______Moderate sheet (1917). 615 USGS.-.. .. Pro WWTT Mountain). short adits, pits. small. 653 USGS--. -_-..- Pre-1900, 1940-- Scrap, sheet (?), Harvard School). line 125. feldspar. 652 USGS, OF, 1931, 1943-44..-. ... 2 inclines 65-120 ...... Green "A" structure, minor stained ..... Small sheet CMC. (1943-44). 612 USGS, CMC..... 1Q9fl_ 95 1Q43 Young) mine. pits and cuts in area 50 cracked, small. by 100. 598 USGS, CMC_ 1925-°6 19^9-31 Butler Gap). 1937-38, 1940, drifts. 1943. 633 USGS, CMC.- Small sheet 1936, 1943. 50 deep. (1943). 609 USGS, OF, Pre-1906, 1922 int 2 inclines; Big Gibbs in­ Greenish brown, moderately stained, Large sheet .. . Sterrett (1923, to 1939, 1943-44. cline 500, Little Gibbs cracked, ruled, locky. p. 273). incline 425. 607 USGS . Pro WWTT Scrap, feldspar. cuts in line 250. 648 USGS, OF 1BQH 1Q33 1Q^7 38, 1943-44. clines, stopes in area 100 by 350.

649 Old Gibbs (Washout, USGS 1924-26, 1933-35 . Reddish brown, minor stain, biotite in­ Moderate sheet, Bland, Gibbs Clay) eral adits. tergrowths, cracked. clay, scrap. mine. 625 USGS, CMC...- 1885, 1943-.. .. Small sheet (1943). clinel!5(?). C'TQ USGS- Pre-WWII Sheet, feldspar.... underground workings. 630 USGS.... Pre-WWII PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 81 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued CELO AREA Continued Yancey County Continued

1-20 T NE... - SB SW... - Unweathered ... Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained; accessory biotite, vermiculite, gar­ net, allanite, epidote, sericite. Pegmatite cut by aplite dike. NW - Granite, inter- Weathered ___ Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, medium layered horn­ grained; accessory biotite, vermic­ blende and ulite. Irregular masses in fine­ biotite gneiss. grained pegmatite or granite. rpQ K11 l Qr 6 T...... NE SE Pl-Q-M pegmatite; accessory garnet, apatite, sericite. Irregular, 5-30 T...... NE. . SB...... S - Granite and Weathered Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium grained; tabular. interlayere d (25ft). Pl-Q-B core, coarse grained. Sev­ biotite and eral pegmatites present both in hornblende granite and gneiss. gneiss. 6T, 150L NE.- Concordant- __ Mica gneiss.. _ > P-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory sericite, garnet. 5-20 T...... NE SE _ SW... do.. Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium grained; Q core, discontinuous. Tabular(?) >8T.-_ ... NW.- . Weathered __ Pl-Q-M wall zone; Q core. >! TY?t NE... .do.- P-Q-P1-M wall zone; accessory garnet; Q core. Lens. ____ 1 c rr\ NW._ SW.. . Concordant. _ . Hornblende do.-- Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium grained; gneiss. accessory tourmaline; Q core, dis­ continuous. Other workings on similar pegmatite, southeast and southwest. N Vertical .do... Biotite gneiss. ... -do.- F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Poorly exposed. - .do.-..-. 4T...... NW_- SW .do..- Mica gneiss.. __ Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory sericite, garnet. NE...... SE .. do ...... Horneblende Unweathered _ Pl-Q-M pegmatite; accessory, seri­ gneiss. cite, garnet, allanite, epidote. Irregular, 4-6T.-...... NE NW.-- SW... . -do.- Mica gneiss.. _ _ do.. - Pl-Q-M-B pegmatite, medium lens. grained; accessory sericite, garnet, tourmaline. Tabular ... 12-15T.- N...... W.-. --- - -do... . Hornblende Pl-Q-M-B wall zone, medium gneiss.. grained; accessory garnet, seri­ cite; Q-P1 core, medium to coarse grained. Tabular, 1 20 T NE NW-- SW...- -do.- . Interlayered Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, medium lens. hornblende and grained, graphic texture common; biotite gneiss. accessory garnet, epidote. 100 T(?) NE-. - SE ------do.- .. Mica gneiss.-. __ Weathered ___ F-Q-M pegmatite, contains gneiss inclusions. . .do.-- 8-15T.__ .... SW.. ... -do.-. - -do.- Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained; NW.- . accessory vermiculite. Irregular, 2-4 T...... NW--..- SW..---- Partly concord­ -do.. Unweathered. _ Pl-Q-M-P pegmatite, medium to lenses. ant. coarse grained; accessory garnet, thulite. 5-6T.--...... - NW.- - SW Mica gneiss, Weathered ___ Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite; ac­ granite. cessory biotite, sericite, garnet. Tabular(?)_- NE-. - do.. Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, medium to NW.-. coarse grained; accessory garnet, vermiculite. 20-25 T-_-...... NE NW.-- SW... Concordant (?).. ..do,.. . Weathered Pl-Q-M pegmatite. (40ft). Irregular __ 6-15T--.. NE - Partly concord­ .do.. Pl-Q-M pegmatite, coarse grained; NW.-. SW... accessory garnet, apatite, epidote, ant. thulite. Contains numerous gneiss pendants. 60 T __ ...... NE..- Steep. ------Concordant Interlayered Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite; accessory gar­ hornblende and net. biotite gneiss. Irregular, 2-20 T.--.. N W - - SW-- - Discordant Interlayered bio­ Weathered (60 Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite; accessory gar­ pinch and tite and horn­ ft.) net, epidote. Most mining followed swell. blende gneiss; long pipelike bodies of pegmatite. biotote altera­ tion. Tabular. -. en T1 NW SW-. .. - Partly concord­ Weathered.-- Pl-P-Q-M-B pegmatite; accessory ant. vermiculite, garnet. do__ fi_1 9 T1 NE QT? -do Kaolinized F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Pinch and 15T(avg)__. _ NW Concordant- - Hornblende P-P1-Q-M-B pegmatite, fine to swell. gneiss, coarse grained. 30 T. _ .- ... --do ------do .-.- - P-P1-Q-M wall zone, medium to Tabular..-- NW SW-_ coarse grained, graphic texture; accessory garnet; Q core, discon­ tinuous. 82 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued CELO AREA Continued Yancey County Continued

603 Fannie Gouge (Spruce Urban, 1932; 1903, 1912, 1925- Incline 800, irregular Green, "A" structure, moderate biotite >200,000 lb sheet Pine Mica Co. No. 10) USGS. 32, 1938, 1943. stopes. intergrowths, ruled, stained. mine

Henry Grindstaff mines: 622 No. 1 ...... USGS - Pre-WWII scrap. 646 No. 2 _ USGS ...... Pre-WWII ____ long and 300 apart. 644 No. 3 ...... USGS- ...... 1905, 1937..... _ - shaft 25 for 200 along strike. 647 No. 4...... USGS ...... 1940 __ . __ ..... Pit, incline, drift. small, scrap.

597 USGS ...... Pre-WWII 619 USGS...... Pre-WWII ___ . area 100 by 200. 590 USGS 1900, 1914, 1918, 1938, 1940, 1944. for 500 along strike. (1944). 595 USGS ...... 1943 . .. small. 602 USGS ...... 1QOQ 1QJ.Q Cut 60--- ruled, stained, mottled.

606 Hilliard mine ...... USGS 1905, 1918, 1925, 1930-31. area 60 by 200. 581 USGS ...... 1943-44 do. 25. cracked. 634 USGS- ...... 1880, 1943-...... stopes in area 100 by 250.

613 USGS, CMC 1 QO ^ 1 Q9 % 1 Q J.9 43 shaft 30 deep. bent. (1942-43). 654 USGS...... 1940 pits. 640 USGS ... ions by 300, adit 150. bone, garnet inclusions. 584 USGS..-...... 1943 ...... 587 W. A. McKinney (Sport USGS,DMEA... 1943-44, 1954-55 . Moderate sheet Heaton) mine. moderately stained, bent, ruled, (1954-55). cracked. 588 USGS ... 1938-39 scrap. 586 Negro Bob mine ___ ... USGS ...... 1944 ...... Small sheet _ .... 580 USGS. ... Pre-WWII area 1,500 by 5,000. 605 Poll Hill mine.--. ___ Sterrett (1923, p. 1900, 1905, 1917 >460,000 lb sheet.. 274), USGS, int to 1939, adits, 3 inclines 356-800 OF. 1943-44, 1958. long, in area 500 by 900.

608 USGS, DMEA... Pre-WWII, 1953-54. 20 in line 350. ture, stained, bent, ruled. (1953-54).

624 Robinson Jr. prospect. .... USGS..-...... WWII(7)...... Pit 12 604 Corb Robinson (Old USGS ... Flukens) mine. 1944. inclined stope in area inclusions, cracked. (1944). 200 by 200. 600 USGS, DMEA, 1 QOQ 1 Q4.^l_44 OF. 1954-56. on 3 levels. locky, cracked, moderaley stained. 650 Sally Knob mine. ____ USGS...... 1910, 1930-31, 1936. .do

635 USGS ...... Pre-WWII -. workings. 642 Shuford (Wiley Blevins) USGS, DMEA--. 1Q9R 1Q49 4

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued CELO AREA Continued Yancey County Continued

4-20 T NE-. .. NW.. 8W._ - Pl-Q-M wall zone, coarse grained; swell. ant. perthite intermediate zone, coarse grained, discontinuous; Q core. Accessory biotite, sericite, epidote thulite, garnet, apatite, monazite cyrtolite, uranmite, clarkeite, gum- mite, uranophane, autunite, tor- bernite, calcite. Tabular(?) 50 T...- ...... NE-_ - .do...... Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, graphic texture common; accessory thulite, epi­ dote. -do 15 T.... NE-. - -do.. -do Pl-Q-M pegmatite, 2 parallel bodies mined. 5-12 T - NE- NW SW..- -do Pl-Q-M wall zone; Q core.

NE.... NW . - -do - .do M-P1-Q border zone, fine grained; Q-P1 wall zone medium to coarse grained; Q core, discontinuous. Pegmatite cut by aplite dike. NE.. - NW - do.... Tabular(?) 5T . - NE-. - NW - -do - __ do __ . __ -_do ... - Pl-Q-M pegmatite, several bodies worked. Pods 2-4T NE.... NW do... Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium to ant. coarsegrained; accessory garnet, thulite. '"PaVnilar n f\ i T NW.._ SW- - .do..... -_do.. 6T_ . NE..- Vertical . .do... -do - Pl-Q-M wall zone; accessory sericite, garnet, biotite; Q core(?), some "burr rock" present. Poorly ex­ posed. NE--. SE Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite; acces­ hornblende and sory biotite; poorly exposed. 2 peg­ biotite gneiss. matites reported. T o n<3^?^ 20 T, >40L - - NE-. SE ----- Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory biotite, sericite, garnet. 1-20 T.. - - NE- SE - SW.. - -do... - - - Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained; ant. accessory biotite, vermiculite, gar­ net, allanite, epidote, sericite. Cut by aplite dike. 40 T(?)...... NE...... SE. Weathered Pl-Q-M pegmatite; accessory garnet, (20ft). biotite. , , 4-7 T NW. ... SW...... Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, coarse grained; ant. hornblende and accessory biotite, beryl, tourma­ biotite gneiss. line, garnet. NE...-- SE Weathered ___ F-Q-M pegmatite, cut by aplite dikes...... do - F-Q-M pegmatite masses in granite. >45T...... NE.. SE - SW ..... do .... Pl-P-Q-M-B wall zone, coarse pipe. grained; P-Q intermediate zone, coarse grained; Q core. Accessory garnet, thulite, epidote. Granite, mica Weathered .... F-Q-M pegmatite in granite. Poorly schist, exposed. 5T...... NW.. . . .do -do F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed...... do...... Numerous bodies of kaolinized gneiss. F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. 4-7 T...... NE...... SE SW.. Pl-Q-M-P pegmatite, medium to lenses, ant. coarse grained; accessory garnet, pinch and biotite, apatite, epidote, calcite. swell. Mining followed discontinuous lenses in 3 parallel zones. Tabular... _ 35-50 T, 3,500 NE. .. NW SW-_ - Concordant _ Biotite schist ... Weathered P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, medium to L(T>. (10ft). coarse grained; graphic texture common in interior part; accessory biotite, vermiculite, garnet, apatite, pyrite. NE. Weathered.. _ . Kaolinized F-Q-M wall zone; Q core(?), poorly exposed. 6T...... NW _ SW.. SW.. - .do Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to coarse lens. ant. grained; accessory biotite, sericite, garnet, apatite, allanite. 1-20T...... NE.. NW. SW.. ..do ...... Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium to lenses. coarse grained; accessory garnet, apatite, biotite, torumaline. 10T . . NW ... . SW.. _ do .... - Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite; accessory al­ biotite and lanite, garnet, samarskite, thulite. hornblende gneiss. NE Mica gneiss. . - Weathered ___ Pl-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. Locally cut by aplite. 1-2 T N_ .... W...... do. . F-Q-M pegmatite, medium to gneiss. coarsegrained. 84 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued CELO AREA Continued Yancey County Continued

628 USGS ...... Pra-WWTT along strike. 637 Sleepy Hollow mine _ ... USGS 1880, 1930, 1943-44. Brownish green, "A" structure, herring Small sheet ground works. bone, garnet inclusions. (1943-44). 601 Speck mine ______USGS_ _ 1915-20 Sheet, feldspar. .... tite intergrowths. 611 Spider mine...... USGS ...... 1 Q1 9U1 4 1

SOUTH TOE RIVER AREA Yancey County

664 Bill Autrey mine _.... USGS, OF Pre-WWII monly bent, cracked, ruled, clay stain. 672 Carson Rock mine ____ USGS, DMEA... 1870-75, 1896-97, 1922, 1932 int stopes, drifts in area 100 by stained, bent, ruled, biotite inter- 1939, 1942-45, 250. growths, sulflde inclusions. 1952-55.

670 Clear Creek mine ...... USGS ...... Pre-WWII along strike. 668 Clear Creek Ridge mine _ USGS Pre-WWII . do Sheet, feldspar.

666 Colberts Creek (Woodley USGS ... . 1943 . Small sheet. ... Knob) mine. reeved, bent. 663 Colbert Ridge mine...... USGS Pre-WWII 8 adits in belt 150

674 Rob Deyton mine ...... USGS ... . 1CU3-44 Small sheet(?)~ tergrowths, small; yellowish green, "A" structure, mottled, stained. 657 House Rock prospect ...... USGS ...... 1895-...... Adit 50, pit- . ... Small sheet. _.

660 Klondike prospect ... USGS ...... 1890,1910,1944-... Small sheet (1944).

661 Locust Ridge (Sid USGS .... 1890, 1935, 1938, Small sheet (1945). Critts) mine. 1945. incline 35. stained, concentrated along hanging wall. Brown cracked, small, concen­ trated along footwall. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 85 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Eemarks (Internal structure, tex Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Eelation to wall rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued CELO AREA Continued Yancey County Continued

Irregular, 1-6 T__ __ ...... NE __ ... NW...... P-Q-P1-M pegmatite. Several bodies pinch and ant. gneiss; biotite present. swell. alteration. NE... _ . SE ..do. F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. Irregular, NE...... NW - .do...... Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite; accessory bio­ lenses. tite, vermiculite, garnet, epidote, allanite. 1-30 T...... NE. __ .. SE ...... Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite; accessory epi­ ant. dote, garnet, allanite. Tabular .. 3 T...... NE... _ . SE...... Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. 1-14 T __ .. __ NE... _ . Vertical _ . SW Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite, fine (40 ft). to medium grained; accessory bio­ tite, sericite, garnet. 6 T...... NE...... SE...... do. . .do . Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite. do 3-7 T N W...... Pl-Q-M wall zone, coarse grained, discontinuous; P-P1-Q-M core(?), course grained; accessory garnet NE - NW.... _ . NE.... SE .do ._ .... .do ...... do...... Do. 1-5 T E - S. . _ ._ P-Q-P1-M pegmatite, coarse grained; (20ft). accessory biotite, garnet. Tabular. __ 10 T NE.... SE .do...... Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory garnet. .do. 35 T NW SW do...... P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, coarse grained; gneiss; biotite accessory pyrite, thulite. alteration. do NE NW -do P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, coarse grained; accessory vermiculite, allanite garnet, epidote, thulite. Tabular(?) 10 T..... _ ..... NW SW.. do do Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained, accessory garnet, apatite, biotite, sericite. do 100 T(?) _ NE SE... -do .do...... do - Kaolmized F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. Tabular, 1-12 T..... __ .. NE... SW-.. .do .do.. Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite, medium pinch and grained; accessory garnet, apatite, swell. thulite, sericite. 2 large pegmatite bodies probably joined. 3-8 T NW SW... _ . _ . SW -do Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium to coarse pinch and ant. grained; accessory garnet, sericite; swell. Q core, discontinuous.

SOUTH TOE RIVER AREA Continued Yancey County Continued

NW SW Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium grained; ant. accessory garnet, biotite; Q core. . do. .... 2-13 T . __ . NE SE... . _ .. SW . . do Pl-M border zone, fine grained; Pl-Q-M wall zone, coarse grained; Q core. Accessory biotite, sulfides, tourmaline, kyanite, garnet. Sev­ eral pegmatites present, 2 western ones mined. do 8T ... __ ... NE SE -do .do P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained; accessory garnet. do 10T ...... N _._ E .....do. . Q-P-P1-M pegmatite, some graphic texture; accessory biotite, vermic­ ulite, sulfides. 3 pegmatites present. .do. _ . 1-6 T... . NE NW -do ._ .do Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained; accessory biotite, sericite, garnet. N P-Q-P1-M pegmatite, graphic tex­ tabular. ant. ture common; accessory vermic­ ulite, sulfides, 15 T .... NE SE ...... SW Pl-Q-M wall zone, coarse grained; pipe. accessory tourmaline, biotite, seri­ cite, pyrrhotite, apatite, garnet; Q core. 4T NE...... NW Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained. biotite and hornblende gneiss...... do 1-4 T ... NW . SW. -do Interlayered Pl-P-Q-M-B pegmatite, medium hornblende and grained. biotite gneiss. . -do... 1-6 T . NW SW.. _ ..do P-P1-Q-M pegmatite; accessory bio­ tite, garnet. 86 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued SOUTH TOE RIVER AREA Continued Yancey County Continued

671 USGS . 1905, WWI, 1943. - Small sheet (1943). deep. green, "A" structure, stained.

673 USGS 1943...... _ ...... small, concentrated near footwall. 675 DMEA- 1936, 1957 Small sheet (1957). stained. Ruby, hard, biotite inter- growths. 669 USQS Pre-WWII . adit 60. 665 WfistaM mine USQS, DMEA, 1890, 1917 int to Large sheet ___ OP. 1943, 1952-53. adits, drifts, stopes, in structure, biotite intergrowths. area 100 by 450. 662 R. D. Westallmine. ... DMEA 1940, 1954-55 . Adit 100, incline 50, Small sheet (1954). drift 56. 667 USGS ...... Pre-WWII.. ... irregular underground works. 659 USGS 44. 658 USGS ...... 1041 Pit 10 deep do

CRABTREE CREEK AREA Yancey County

683 USGS ...... 1923, WWII Cut 100, adit 60.-- _ concentrated in wall and intermediate feldspar. zones; green, wedge "A" structure, concentrated near core.

679 USGS -. . Feldspar(?)_ ___

683 USGS 1915, 1922, 1936, Cut 580 long, 20-110 deep.... Large sheet, No. 20 mine. WWII. concentrated in wall and intermediate scrap, feldspar. zones; green, wedge "A" structure concentrated near core.

677 USGS...... WWII- ... bent, biotite intergrowths. 684 Eagle Bluff mine.. ___ .. USGS...... WWII...... spar. 682 Fairview Spar mine.. __ USGS...... Cut 20 ...... __ . _ . _ 676 USGS ...... 1954...... _ .. ately stained, ruled. Small. 681 USQS, OP...... 1870-80, 1941-43 drifts, shafts in area 150 stained. (WWII), scrap. by 500. 680 USGS...... 1

678 Josh Young mine ...... USGS...... Pre-WWII adits in area 75 by 100. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 87 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- 1 rock structure Strike j Dip Plunge i SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued SOUTH TOE RIVER AREA Continued Yancey County Continued

3-10 T..__ _ NE...... SE...... SW... flat pipe. grained; accessory tourmaline, gar­ net, apatite, biotite, sericite. Quartz muscovite "burr rock" abundant locally. Tabular- ..... 2-6 T-...... NE...... SE...... do . Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory biotite, garnet, sericite. 5-10 T NE... . NW...... SW. ... .do...... pipe. biotite and biotite; Q core. hornblende gneiss. Tabular ... 4 T...... NE . .dO. . . Qcore(?). Irregular, 10-35 T... .. NE NW...... SW...... do ..... - Pl-Q-M wall zone, fine to medium pipe. grained; Pl-Q-P intermediate zone, fine to medium grained; Q core. Accessory biotite, beryl. Tabular 2-4 T ...... NW ... sw. _ Pl-Q-M wall zone; Q core. . .do .... 6T ...... NE. .. SE...... do..... - .....do Kaolinized F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. do 2-4 T...... NW SW- Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory biotite, garnet, sericite, tourmaline. -do . 1-3 T ...... NW ... SW...... - dO .. Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite.

CRABTREE CREEK AREA Continued Yancey County Continued

NE...... SE _ . ... S .... Pl-Q-P border zone, fine grained; tabular. ant. accessory biotite, muscovite, gar­ net; P-Q-P1-M wall zone, fine to coarse grained; Q-P core or fracture filling. Mine is in same large peg­ matite as Carolina Mineral Co. No. 20. do P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, medium to coarse grained; graphic texture common; accessory vermiculite, garnet, thulite. >100 T, >600 L. NE...... SE s...... do...... Weathered Pl-Q-P border zone, fine grained; tabular. ant. (10ft). accessory biotite, muscovite, gar­ net; P-Q-P1-M wall zone fine to coarse grained; P-Q-P1-M inter­ mediate zone, coarse grained; Q-P core or fracture fillings. Accessory garnet, sericite, zoisite, allanite, siderite, samarskite, uranium min­ erals, hyalite, copper sulfides. Cut by aph'te dikes. Contains gneiss septa. Tabiilar(?).-. NW Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory sericite, biotite. Tabular-. _ 50 T, >100L.___ NW_ _ NE...... Weathered (10 Pl-Q-P-M wall zone, fine to medium ant. ft). grained; Q-P core, coarse grained, may be fracture fillings. ..do...... 15T...... NE..____ NW Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, coarse grained graphic texture common...... do... .. 16-20 T E__ .. N ...... do . . Weathered (10 Pl-Q-M-B pegmatite, medium ft). grained; accessory garnet. ._do__._- .. 3-15 T...... NE.. . SE...... Granite, mica Weathered...... Pl-P-Q-M wall zone; accessory gneiss. garnet, thulite, uranophane; Q core, discontinuous. . .do...... 10 T...... NE...... SE...... Pl-Q-M border zone, fine grained, discontinuous; Pl-P-Q-M wall zone, medium grained; accessory garnet, sericite; Q core. Tabular(?).__ 3T_...... NE...... SE...... do .... . P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, fine to me­ tite and horn­ dium grained; graphic texture blende gneiss. common; accessory garnet. 88 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA

TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 3 tion worked in feet)

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued CRABTREE CREEK AREA Continued Mitchell County

697 USGS -. ... . Pre-WWII . 7114 USGS .... Pre-WWII Cut 100...... - Murphy Falls) mine. WWII. ' (WWII).

Carolina Mineral Co. mine: 701 No. 3 ...... USGS . ... Pre-WWII bent. 700 No. 6 ...... USGS __ 1937 Cut 150--- Small sheet, feld­ stained. spar. 693 No. 29...... USGS...... 1935-37. Cut 150 long, 20-40 deep __ minor stained. feldspar.

688 USGS 1920 int to 1940. clines 40-50 deep. 685 USGS.. . .. 1929-30, 1933-35, - do -- WWII. 80. 691 USGS...... 1894, 1906 ...... Beryl....-.-.- .... erald mine. 703 Crabtree No. 1 (Wildcat) USGS...... 1921 int to 1944.... mine. stope 90. ruled. feldspar.

686 USGS ...... Pre-WWII...... Cut 125 long, 25 deep __

706 USGS. ....-.. Pre-WWII..

689 USGS...... 1884, 1918, 1939, 1943-44. 500, incline 160. (1943-44). 702 Hall and Boone mine ...... USGS...... 1940...... Cut 150 long, 30 deep ____

698 Harlan mine ..... USGS Pre-WWII...... 100 long, 25 deep. quartz masses and gneiss inclusions.

696 Hollifleldmine... . __ .. USGS...... Pre-WWII, WWII. strike. small sheet (WWII). 687 Olson (1944, p. 1937-39, WWII 56-58, map, fig. 250 wide, 150 deep. concentrated near gneiss inclusions. feldspar. 3, p. 57).

705 McKinney mine...... USGS; map in 1924 int to 1962 _ ... 4 large cuts 300-650 long, Green, "A" structure, stained, garnet Scrap, feldspar, Cameron and 175 deep, with open inclusions. samarskite. others (1949, stopes. P. 72).

707 USGS...... 1890-95, WWI, 1930 int to 1940. long connected stopes, in­ ture, bent. 1942-43. cline in area 100 by 580. 695 Phillips mine.. __ ...... DMEA. . 1938, 1954......

692 DMEA ...... 1955.. _ ...... 690 USGS 1936-38...... pits. 694 Silvers Ridge mine. __ . USGS...... Pre-WWII_ stained. 699 USGS . . 1938-40 . feldspar. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 89 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation, to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

SPRUCE PINE DISTRICT Continued CRABTREE CREEK AREA Continued Mitchell County Continued

Tabular(?). .. Q core. Poorly exposed. 50 T...... E-.__ _ ... coarse grained; graphic texture common; accessory garnet, thu- lite. Pegmatite and granite cut by quartz veins. Tabular(?) _ coarse grained. .. do...... P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, graphic texture common; accessory garnet thulite, vermiculite. NE...... SE...... coarse grained; graphic texture common; accessory garnet, thulite, epidote. Thin inclusions of biotite schist. 4-8 T...... NE...... SE...... swell. ant. coarse grained; accessory garnet, beryl. 3 bodies mined. 35 T...... _ ... NE...... NW gneiss; biotite net; gneiss inclusions. alteration. Tabular(?) ... 8T ...... NE...... SE _. .do...... Biotite schist __ . F-Q-B pegmatite, fine grained; accessory tourmaline, beryl, gar­ net, pyrite. Tabular 15-30 T ...... N _ ... W_ ...... S . tite gneiss. accessory garnet, copper sulfldes, uranium minerals(?); Q core, discontinuous. do NE tite and horn­ accessory garnet, samarskite, ura- blende gneiss. ninite, autunite, torbernite, gum- mite; P-Q core, coarse grained. ..do.... . NE. NW.-...... pyrite, thulite, sphalerite; P-Q core, coarse grained; graphic tex­ ture. Cut by quartz veins. -... .do. 8-10 T NE. NW. __ _ -, NW -do F-Q-M pegmatite. ant. NE. graphic texture; accessory garnet, thulite. N W-... hornblende and coarse grained; accessory garnet; biotite gneiss. P-Q core, coarse grained. Contains gneiss inclusions. Several similar bodies nearby. -do NE. graphic texture. NE. - NW . .- --- P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, medium to hornblende and coarse grained; graphic texture; biotite gneiss. several quartz veins cut pegma­ Biotite altera­ tite. tion. N ...... Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium grained; ant. Pl-Q-P intermediate zone, coarse grained; P-Q core, coarse grained; accessory samarskite, garnet, beryl, sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, columbite, allanite, thulite, epidote, apatite, covellite. Numer­ ous quartz veins. S i. T NE. NW..... pinch and dium grained; several bodies swell. present. Irregular...... 7 T- NE. SE SE Partly concord­ Granite, biotite Unweathered... . P- Pl-Q-M pegmatite, accessory gar­ ant. gneiss. net. Pegmatite near contact of granite and gneiss. NE... P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, fine to me­ dium grained; accessory garnet. Tabular. 1-2 T...... NW NE... Concordant. .... Interlayered Unweathered _ . Pl-Q-M pegmatite; accessory tour­ hornblende and maline, garnet. biotite gneiss. Tabular(?)._- NE_ - SE do-. P-Q-P1-M wall zone; accessory gar­ net, thulite; Q core. P-Q-P1-M pegmatite; accessory gar­ net, thulite. 90 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA

TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 4 tion worked in feet)

BUNCOMBE DISTRICT Buncombe County

79 USGS ... 1945 850. 44 1917-18, 1943-46, (1949, p. 23-27). 1948. shafts, drifts. 26 CMC...... 1943 bent. 73 CMC. 1942... ._ . 95 USGS, OF 1915-23, 1932 int to 1943, 1952. stopes, in area 100 by 500. 66 DMEA 1956-58 _ . . . Cut 50, adit 45, shaft 70, drifts 100. stained. 43 CMC . 1938 47 CMC 1943. 36 CMC...... 1900, WWII Adit, shaft 25. ______quartz core. 63 CMC. ... 1943. . ... 71 USGS, CMC... .. 1890, 1942-44 Small sheet shaft 36, drifts. (1942-44). 80 CMC... . 94 CMC. quartz. 62 CMC...... 1942-43 .. 57 CMC, USGS. Pre-WWII, 1943 Small sheet (1943). 35, drifts, caved adit. 9Q USGS- . .. mine. 59 USGS, CMC..... 1918,1943. Cut 60 long, 10-20 deep, 2 Small sheet (1944). shafts, adit. concentrated near quartz core. 32 USGS...... WWII. - Cut 250 long, 30-40 deep-

30 Corner Spar (Arrowood) Hunter and Hash 1934 int to 1941, Several cuts 40-60 diameter, Greenish brown, "A" structure, bent, Scrap, halloysite, mine. (1949, p. 20-23), 1947 int to 1962. 40 deep, shaft 40. ruled. feldspar. USGS. 89 CMC. 1942 Pit . . 52 CMC...... 1943 Cut _ _ ----- or CMC ..... Pre-WWII 88 USGS ...... for 300 along strike. bent, locky at southeast end; ruby, hard, clear, small at northwest end. fU CMC...... _ Pre-WWII 42 CMC . Cut . quartz core. 69 CMC...... 27 CMC...... 1943. _ ... Cut. __ foot wall. 48 CMC, USGS. 1943 ...... bent. 79 CMC 1943 Cut 92 Montie O. Kelly CMC . 1942-43 prospect. quartz core. 70 CMC Pre-WWII.- _ Ruby with light green borders, "A" structure, cracked, concentrated near quartz core. H3 CMC Pre-WWII.. prospect. 65 CMC. 1943 . _ Small sheet. _ ... tain College) mine. core. QO CMC ... 1943 .do .... prospect. 55 CMC ...... 56 CMC ...... 1943 _____ . Cut - _ - .. QA CMC. _ ...... Pre-WWII Ruby ... prospect. 68 CMC. Pre-WWII, Small sheet WWII. (WWII). 75 CMC 1942.. __ . prospect. 83 CMC 1943 Cut 78 CMC 1942. 25 Mitzes (C. C. Ledford) CMC, USGS 1910-11, 1928-29, Cut 100 long, 30 deep; 2 Ruby, moderately stained, cracked, Moderate sheet mine. 1943-45. drifts. bent, locky, biotite intergrowths. (1943-45). 77 CMC Pre-WWII Moser) prospect. core. 51 CMC 1942-43 Gary) prospect. centrated near core; ruby, small in wall zone. 86 CMC - Pre-WWII.. 87 USGS . Small ______. _ . . Scrap __ . _ .... PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 91 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina- -Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

BUNCOMBE DISTRICT Continued Buncombe County Continued

Pods Pl-Q-M pegmatite. Schist mostly muscovite or sericite and quartz. 60T,380L NE. SE...... (45 ft). zone, discontinuous; Q core, dis­ continuous. Mica schist inclusions. 2-5 T NE NW do. F-Q-M pegmatite. F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. 1-35 T NE_. SE Weathered.. F-Q-M wall zone; accessory garnet; ant. Q core, discontinuous. Gneiss in­ clusions common. 10-20 T NW .... SW- .do...... Weathered Pl-Q-P-M wall zone, medium to tabular. (20ft). coarse grained; accessory biotite, garnet; Q core. F-Q-M pegmatite. -do 10 T ..... - Unweathered... Do. do. &-8T . Concordant (?).. Weathered __ ._ F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. rPahiilarf?^ NE.. - -do ...... Unweathered _. F-Q-M pegmatite. Numerous schist inclusions. 1-8 T.... NE._._ - SE...... Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium to coarse grained. F-Q-M pegmatite. Thick NE.... __ Biotite gniess .... Weathered _ . F-Q-M wall zone; Q core, discon­ tinuous. Tabular(?)_- NE.. . . NW Mica gneiss. _ do ...... Pl-Q-M-B wall zone; Q core. ST...... NW...... SW...... do...... Biotite schist __ Pl-Q-P-M wall zone; accessory gar­ net, biotite; Q core, discontinuous. S - Dunite ______Weathered P-P1-Q-M-B wall zone; accessory (30ft). garnet; Q core, discontinuous. Poorly exposed. 10 T...... NW.... . Discordant ___ Biotite gneiss .... Weathered __ F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. rPa.Vvnlftr 10-30 T NE...... NW...... Weathered Kaolinized Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, ant. (20ft). medium to coarse grained; acces­ sory sericite, garnet, biotite, apatite. do. 40 T, 390 L N-NW E-NE...... Dunite- _ . .... Pl-Q-P-M wall zone, medium grain­ (40ft). ed; accessory biotite, garnet; P in­ termediate zone, coarse grained; Q core, discontinuous. F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. ST. .. NW NE...... F-Q-M pegmatite. NW . SW... Abundant quartz float mayfctbe from quartz core. NE.__ do...... do F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. .do ­ Do. 4-5T-. . F-Q-M pegmatite. Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite; accessory gar­ net. Prospect owned by E. O. Donald in 1943. 6-8 T.. NE. _ ... NW ...... Weathered F-Q-M wall zone; Q core(?). do... - .do...... F-Q-M pegmatite. Weathered F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Tabular(?).- 1-3 T...... NE do...... Do.

T^aVvnlar Thin NE...... NW...... F-Q-M pegmatite. Weathered F-Q-M wall zone; Q core.

Ta.Vvnla.r N ... . Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained; accessory biotite, garnet...... do 2T ... NE ...... Diorite(?) . .... F-Q-M pegmatite...... do ..... NE Mica schist ...... Weathered .... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. do .. __ . Float fragments of muscovite. No pegmatite exposed. F-Q-M pegmatite. NE...... SE Pl-Q-M pegmatite. NE... . NW...... do . do F-Q-M pegmatite. NE...... do...... Do. Tabular. .. . 20 T .. ___ .. NE...... SE . Concordant. .... Hornblende Weathered Q-P1-M-B pegmatite. Many gneiss gneiss. inclusions. NE ..... do...... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. 5 T(?) ...... E ... Concordant(?)._ .do.. - _ ..... do ...... Do.

. do...... do...... do. ... F-Q-M pegmatite. NW .do. Q-F-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. Quartz-muscovite (burr rock) peg­ matite abundant on dumps. 92 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA

TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 4 tion worked in feet)

BUNCOMBE DISTRICT Continued Buncombe County Continued

34 New Balsam Gap (Aber- Sterrett (1923, 1895, 1943-44 . Cut 60, adit and stope 95 .... Small sheet nathy Watershed) p. 184-186), locky, cracked. (1943-44). mine. CMC. 37 CMC 74 Patton Cove (C. P. CMC 1942-44 Cut 40 long, 12 deep ._. . Ruby, "A" structure, minor stain. . Grimes) mine. 40 CMC, USGS. 1870, 1943. Cut 20, adit 20... cracked. 28 J. P. Profflt prospect...... CMC.-. .... Pit 12 deep. _ . __ ..... Small ______._ 41 CMC , ... 50 CMC...... 90 USGS ...... 1953...... Cut ___ . __ . ... Ruby, bent, cracked, stained, in hang­ ing wall zone; green, wedge "A" structure, stained concentrated along core. 49 Riverview (Fox) prospect . CMC- ...... 1944...... __ . Prospect pit ____ _ .... Ruby, small.. _ ___ ...... 35 USGS, CMC..... 1915, 1944-45 .... Ruby, moderately stained, small ......

91 W. T. Sharp mine...... CMC ...... WWI, WWH _ Adit 75, cut, shaft ...... Ruby, clear, bent, cracked, small. ... Small sheet (WWII). 54 CMC...... 1943 81 CMC...... 1942...... 45 USGS . .... WWI, 1943-44 .. Cut 45, 2 shafts 40-50, old Small sheet (1943- stopes. 44). 93 Kenneth Smathers CMC...... 3 small cuts.. ____ _ .. Stained,. . ______...... prospect. 60 CMC...... 1043 short drift. 31 Stocksville (J. M. CMC, USGS..... 1920, 1943 ...... Cut...... Ruby, biotite intergrowths, bent, Buckner) mine. stained. 67 Sunset Drive prospect. .... CMC...... 1942_...... Adit...... Ruby, small . ______. .... 61 Swannanoa (Beede USGS, OF, 1900, 1910-15, Cut 100 long, 60 deep, adit Ruby, moderate "A" structure, minor Moderate sheet, Smith) mine. DMEA. 1925, 1942-44, 300, winze 40, drifts 80, stained. scrap, feldspar. 1952 int to 1957. stopes.

58 USGS, CMC.-... 1890, 1931, 1943-44, Cut 140 long, 30 deep; Ruby, "A" structure, cracked, stained, Moderate sheet 1950's(?). incline 46, adit 76. bent. (1943-44). 82 Hattie Bell Underwood CMC...... Pre-WWII prospect. 38 CMC, ...... 1943-...... Cut ...... 46 USGS ...... 96 CMC...... 1938-40 .-._. .... Ruby _ . _ ------. __ ----- .... Small sheet..-. .. 76 CMC Pre-WWH ____ 39 CMC- Pre-WWII . Cut

McDowell County

17 CMC ...... 1943-44- ...... 14 Old Mill Creek mine... _ CMC...... 1939 19 Pinnacle Ridge mine. . . . CMC...... 1938, 1943 Cut 60, short adit. ___ .- Ruby, ruled. .. -

13 CMC ...... 1919, 1934, 1941, 1944. 15 CMC ... .. iQin 18 Thomas mine.... _____ CMC 1943. - 16 USGS adits.

Madison County

100 CMC ...... Pre-WWII..

98 USGS...... and stope to northeast. 97 USGS ...... Cut 100. Feldspar...... 101 Dallas L. Riddle (J. F. CMC 1942 Pit Teague) prospect. concentrated along core margin. 99 USGS ...... 1930-40

102 CMC ...... 1928, 1942 Feldspar, scrap _ mine. growths. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 93 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude WaUrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

BUNCOMBE DISTRICT Continued Buncombe County Continued

1-8 T...... - NE. NW.. SW_ - Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite; accessory tongue. biotite, garnet. NE _ .... NW...... do - F-Q-M pegmatite. swell. o_i n T1 NE... SE...... do...... net, biotite. Tabular ...... 10 T...... ___ . N... -.. . W...... do Weathered _ F-Q-M pegmatite, medium to coarse grained; accessory biotite. do... 6T__._ ...... NE. . ..do.... Pl-Q-M pegmatite; accessory garnet, biotite. NE.... NW...... _ .. do.. Do. Tabular...... MOT.. . NE .. _ . SE...... do. . F-Q-M wall zone; Q core.

Tabular(?) ... NE-_. _ . Vertical . do...... Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite. Lenses. ___ 1-5 T...... NE...... NW...... sw...... do - Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium to schist. coarse grained; accessory garnet, biotite, allanite. 3 lenses present. ST...... NE...... SE.... __ . ... F-Q-M pegmatite. Tabular ...... 2-3 T...... NE ... .. Vertical F-Q-M wall zone; Q core, 2 more bodies to west. -do. NE...... SE... __ . ... biotite. ..do...... 4-6 T...... _ N _ Vertical .do ...... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core, discon­ tinuous. NE...... F-Q-M pegmatite. gneiss. 4-5 T...... NE...... SE...... Lens_ ._._.... 1-5 T...... NE...... SE...... do ...... do ...... Unweathered . F-Q-B-M pegmatite, medium grained. Adit intersected sheared zone in pegmatite and schist. 3-25 T, 100 L . NW-W_._ SW-S S Pl-Q-P-B-M wall zone, medium to biotite altera­ coarse grained; P-Q-P1 inter­ tion. mediate zone, coarse grained; Q core. Accessory apatite, garnet, tourmaline, beryl. Pinch and 1-12 T...... NE...... NW...... do __ .. do ...... swell. schist. vermiculite; Q core. . .do - NE F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Tabular...... 15 T, >200 L. ... NW NE...... do...... do ... - P-Q-B-M wall zone, coarse grained; ant. Q core, discontinuous. Tabular. NE .... SE _ Weathered ..... F-Q-M pegmatite. NE...... NW...... do ......

McDowell County Continued Lenses.. __ 1-5 T..-.._-._.__ F-Q-M pegmatite. Several bodies prospected. F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. Lenses.. _ . 0.1-2 T...... NE-- F-Q-M pegmatite. Series of lenses. tite and horn­ blende gneiss. Tabular...... NE...... SE...... do...... Pl-Q-M pegmatite. ..do...... Thin...... do...... F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. net. Tabular ...... 4-8 T-...... NE. SE...... Pl-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium tite and horn­ grained; accessory biotite, sericite blende gneiss.

Madison County Continued

18 T...... NE--._ - Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite. A nearby pegmatite contains mica that is bent, stained and cracked. Tabular ...... >15T ... NE...... F-Q-B-wall zone, coarse grained; Q core. ..do...... NE P-Q-M wall zone; Q core. ft). NE ...... Lenses.- ..... 200 L_ -.....-. NE...... NW ...... F-Q-B wall zone, medium to coarse ant. grained; Q core. Biotite partly altered to vermiculite. 4-6 T ...... NE. F-Q-M-B pegmatite.

269-720 67- 94 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 4 tion worked in feet)

BUNCOMBE DISTRICT Continued Yancey County

22 usas..... 1943-44. _ . __ .. Light brown, cracked, bent; light green, "A" structure, cracked. 24 lisas...... Pit ...... 21 Hillbilly (Hillville) mine.. usas.. 2 adits, stope 35 long, 12-16 Reddish brown, "A" structure, biotite high. intergrowths, bent. 20 usas, CMC. in AC lQio_-i'> Cut 40 long, 20 deep; in­ Pale green to light brown, "A" structure, Small sheet cline 32. locky, cracked, stained. (1942-43). 23 lisas...... 1915, 1920'S, 1944... Medium brown, hard, reeved, bent, Small sheet (1944). cracked, stained.

WOODLAWN DISTRICT McDowell County

7 Black Oak mine. CMC . 1913, 1942-43 __ - Cut, adit _ Ruby. . .. Small sheet (1942-43). 8 J. D. Denney prospect- CMC - 1943 Cut Ruby, clear, small. _. __ 9 Oood Brothers prospect _ CMC - 1943 Cut .do-.. 6 usas, CMC.. 1914, 1943-... __ - Oreenish brown, moderately stained, Small sheet haircracked. (1943). 1 CMC __ Pre-WWII Pits. Clear, small. 4 CMC Pre-WWII - -.do.. 5 CMC - 6 Middle prospect _ CMC. _____ - WWII 11 Old Tom Creek prospect- . CMC Clear... 3 Rock mine.-.. CMC .... 1902, 1940.... Cut Flat "A" structure, concentrated near core. 10 CMC .... 1QQ4. SATTOi-al PTits 9 QrHta 3H 12 Wildacres prospect-. CMC. ... Pre-WWIL -

2 usas.. 1QCQ Cut 150 long, 50 deep, incline 75.

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 5 tion worked in feet)

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Haywood County

13 USGS...... 1952-53 Trench 100, shaft 50, Ruby, clear, moderate "A" structure, Moderate scrap prospect pits. ruling, small. 15 Sterrett (1923, 1867-1945, 1950's. - Adits, drifts, and stopes in Ruby to greenish brown, common min­ >621 tons sheet p. 194), Olson area 300 by 650, 200 ver­ eral inclusions, bent, stained, cracked, and punch. (1946, p. 28-32). tical. ruled, minor biotite intergrowths. OF. 15 Upper Big Ridge USGS.. ... - 1944. 2 adits, 6 pits and cuts. (Buchanan) mine. 10 USGS__ 1944.- 3 Champion Fibre Co. usos.-. . .. WWII(?)- Shaft 35, short drifts_ Light ruby, "A" structure, bent, Small sheet ------prospect. reeved, ruled, clay stained. 19 usas...... Cut 25 long, 15 deep, with Light ruby, "A" structure, mostly small caved stope. scrap, concentrated along footwall. 21 Grassy Knob (Revis) DMEA __ .... 1952-53-. Adit 100 _ - - Ruby, hard, clear, tied, bent, small . None... . prospect. 12 usas. _ 1953 __ - Adit and drifts 150 - Ruby, biotite intergrowths, bent, stained. 22 Little East Fork usas, OF, WWI, WWII, 4 cuts, 3 adits, 2 prospect Ruby, "A" structure, biotite inter­ Large scrap, (Arrowood) mine. DMEA. 1952. pits in area 150 by 200. growths, cracked, bent. small sheet. 4 Charles B. Medford usas ____ . 1916, 1957 Cut 45, adit 15 __ Ruby, bent, cracked, ruled, stained Moderate scrap prospect. (1957). 1 Frank Medford prospect. . USGS...... Rum, moderate "A" structure, com­ monly stained, small.

11 Roy Medford (Nicks USGS, OF...... 1942-44..... __ .. Cut 40 diameter, 10 deep, 2 Small sheet...... Creek) mine. short adits. 5 Fred Nicols prospect...... USGS ...... 1938 Small, mostly scrap. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 95 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

BUNCOMBE DISTRICT Continued Yancey County Continued

2-4.5 T NE-_ - SE...... Discordant ...... Hornblende Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained; gneiss. accessory biotite, sericite, garnet. Tabular.. __ 2-3 T _ _ . _ - do...... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Pipe.-. 16 T. __ . ... NE_ SE...... SW_ Concordant- .... Q-P1-M pegmatite; accessory gar­ net, biotite, sulfides. Tabular. __ . &-12 T...... NE-- .....do-...... do.-...... Unweathered .... Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium grained; accessory garnet, biotite, sericite, apatite; Q core. . .do...... 7T...... NW - SW...... do.... - Hornblende Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium to gneiss. coarse grained; accessory sericite, garnet, biotite.

WOODLAWN DISTRICT Continued McDowell County Continued

2-3 T._ . F-Q-M pegmatite. Pl-Q-M pegmatite; accessory bio­ tite, garnet. NE-- NW. __ - Concordant(?)_. F-Q-M pegmatite. 0.3-1 T. NE-- SE.. _ - __ - Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite; accessory garnet, biotite. IT.. __ __ F-Q-M pegmatite, 2 bodies exposed. F-Q-M pegmatite. Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite. F-Q-M pegmatite. Do. F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. NE Concordant. F-Q-M pegmatite. 3 quartz-tourmaline veins; 2 F-Q-M pegmatites; Q-F-M pegmatite; accessory graphite, chalcopyrite. 1-lOT---. NW--- SW.. Concordant- Weathered Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite, medium to (70ft). coarse grained, gneissic texture; accessory garnet, epidote.

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Continued Hay wood County Continued

3-10 T, 100 L, E._ - S_ 45 D. ered (30 ft). accessory garnet; Q core. dome. 500 by 700 of dome locally granite, accessory apatite, ankerite, heden- area. strikes footwall. bergite, microcline, pyrrhotite. Lo­ N. 55° cally cut by granite dikes. E. Tabular.. 5 T, 200 by 300 NE.- - NW.- ...... -do-. Biotite gneiss. __ Partly weath­ F-Q-M-B wall zone, coarse grained, area. ered. granite core. Mine Is 250 ft north of main Big Ridge mine.

JVElC3> ETQCiSS Tabular. 10 Tin cut NE-_ - SE- _____ - Concordant..--- .do.. . Unweathered- .- F-Q-M border zone, fine grained, thin; P-P1-Q-M-B wall zone, coarse grained; Q core. 1-5 T, 20 L NE-. ..do. -do... - (largest). accessory biotite, garnet, pyrlte. Lens. -- 2-8 T_-- - NE-. SE __ - _ Partly concord­ -do-. -do.. P-P1-Q-M-B pegmatite, finegrained; ant. accessory allanite, sericite. Tabular _ 6-25 T, >160L, NE NW.-...... -do--.. do... Partly weath­ F-Q-M-B wall zone, coarse grained; >70D. ered. P-Q-M-B core, coarse grained; quartz fracture fillings. Lens. . 4-7 T, 45 L, NE SE Discordant ..do.. . Weathered (20 Kaolinized Pl-Q-M pegmatite; acces­ ft), saprolite. sory beryl, biotite. NE Vertical quartz float ant. gneiss. Qcore. 200 along strike. Tabular ...... 1-3 T,>60 L __ . NW .... SW...... ------Discordant .... Biotite gneiss.. ... Partly weath­ Pl-Q-M wall zone; accessory pyrite; ered. Q core, discontinuous...... do...... 2T, several NE...... SE ...... do . Unweathered-.- bodies. F-Q core, medium grained. 96 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA

TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local- Description of muscovite Production ity.No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 5 tion worked in feet)

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Continued Haywood County Continued

8 Poston East prospect __ _ DMEA. ____ 1953 Trench 65. ______Ruby, mineral inclusions, hard, bent, Small scrap...... moderate stained. 7 Poston West prospect- .... DMEA. 1953 Ruby, hard, clear, biotite intergrowths, None _ ...... bent. 16 USGS, OF...... 1917, 1920's Cut 150, 5 caved adits, pros­ Ruby, hard, biotite intergrowths, tied, Moderate sheet WWII, 1950's. pect pits. bent, ruled, stained. (WWII).

16 Upper Putnam prospect USGS ...... WWII_ _ ...... Rum, mineral inclusions, ruled... __ . Small sheet..-. ...

9 Old Sharp mine ____ DMEA...... 1953-54. _ ...... Cut 40, shaft 30, 4 drifts 50- Ruby, moderate "A" structure, hard, .....do ...... bent, stained. 20 Sterrett (1923, p. 1900, 1953-54 Cut 40, shaft 40, drift 54. _ . Ruby ,"A" structure, hard, bent, ruled. ..do ...... 196), DMEA. 18 Sterrett (1923, p. 1900, 1912-13- _ .. Cut 250, stopes 25-50 deep ... Large sheet, 195), USGS. scrap (?). 17 Sterrett (1923, p. 1905 .-. _ . 50 cuts 25 deep, in area 350 Ruby, clear, moderately ruled, stained, Moderate sheet (?). 195), USGS. by 500. small. 23 Oslon (1952, p. 31). Cut 20, drift 50.. __ . __ . Brown, minor "A" structure, commonly bent, stained. 2 Truelove Mountain mine. USGS ...... Rum, moderate "A" structure, ruled. ... Moderate sheet (?). 6 Sterrett (9123, p. 1900'S, 1930'S...... Cut 30, several prospect Light green, "A" structure, ruled, Small sheet 195; USGS). pits. stained. 14 W. T. Wilson prospect .. USGS-...... WWII-. .-. . . Rum, reeved, ruled, clay stain, concen­ .....do ...... trated near hanging wall.

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 5 tion worked in feet) or 6

Jackson County

Kn USGS-...... 1938 ...... Light brown, "A" structure, clear, ruled. 49 USGS- . _ .... 40 USGS ...... 1ftH Ruby, stained, small ______Small sheet-...- - 83 USGS ...... 1943 ... _ ...... Shaft 25, drift 30 . _ . Light brown, bent, cracked, small .... Small scrap...... 125 USGS ...... 1943 "A" structure. _ . ______Small sheet...... 110 USGS ...... 1942, 1944 ...... Small cut, drift 30- ____ . Ruby, clear, small...... ______... ..do

164 USGS ...... 1941 Small pits and adits for 150 Greenish brown, garnet intergrowths, along strike. stained, bent, ruled. 46 USGS ...... Light brown, cracked, stained _.____ 134 USGS ...... Pre-WWII Light brown, ruled, clay stained ... 150. 1 39 TTOOQ AT? 1942-45 1954-60 int. several other adits in area (WWII). 50 by 100. 1 3*\ TTan Q WWII(?), 1953 55. incline 50, drifts 80. 1iQ USGS, OF ..... 1900, WWI, 1939- Shallow cut 200, adit and Light brown to greenish brown, bent, Moderate sheet... 40, 1944. stope 100, 4 shafts and moderate "A" structure, quartz in­ (1944). stopes 30 to 150(?) deep. clusions, stained. 97 1932 44 Moderate sheet mine. 26-28), OF. drifts, stopes in area 250 (WWII); large by 350. scrap (1932-44). 29 USGS ...... Iftll Light brown, biotite intergrowths, bent, pits in line 300 long. ruled. 33 USGS- 1942. _____ .. Light brown, biotite intergrowths, small- Small sheet...... 161 Olson (1946, p. 1899 int to 1945, Cut 150, inclines, stopes in Ruby, cracked, bent, minor "A" struc­ Moderate sheet 32-33), OF. 1958. area 100 by 150, 140 deep. ture, locky, biotite intergrowths, con­ (WWII). centrated in rolls on hanging wall. 130 USGS 1934, 1942-44... 3 cuts, incline, drift. ... - Ruby, moderate "A" structure, com­ Small sheet ___ monly cracked, ruled. 78 Sterrett (1923, p. "PT&WWTL 207), USGS. pect pits. 1 1C USGS - _ 1910, int to 1941 Light brown, clear, small, bent, ruled. Bryson) mine. Green, "A" structure, stained. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 97 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Continued Haywood County Continued

Tabular...... 1-4 T, >65 L..._ NE...... SE...... Concordant. _ Biotite gneiss_ .... Unweathered- Q-P-P1-M pegmatite; accessory ap­ atite, biotite, pyrite. Lens ...... 1-8 T-.-.______NW .... NE...... do ...... do ...... F-Q-M pegmatite; accessory biotite. Anticlinal, Main body >12 NE...... SE . .... SW...... Discordant ...... do Partly weath­ F-Q wall zone, fine grained; accessory tabular. T, 150 L; ered. muscovite, biotite; P-Q-P1-B-M north body 8 core, medium to coarse grained; cut T, 100 L. by granite dikes. Tabular...... 25T...... NW...... NE...... do ...... do .....do...... _ Kaolinized F-Q pegmatite, medium to coarse grained; accessory musco­ vite mostly along footwall. Pros­ pect 500 ft north of Putnam mine. Lens. __ . 1-10 T, 100 L, NW...... NE...... do...... do...... Unweathered-.- P-Q-P1-M wall zone, medium SOD. grained; accessory apatite, biotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite; Q core. Irregular __ 3-8 T, 100 L, 40 NW .... SW...... -do ...... Interlayered bio- Partly weath­ Kaolinized Pl-Q-P-M wall zone, me­ D. tite, and horn­ ered (40 ft) dium grained; Q core. blende gneiss. Pinch and 2-6 T, >280 L, N...... _ W Concordant. .... Un weathered. .. P-P1-Q-M pegnatite, medium to swell. >50D. coarse grained; accessory garnet, pyrrhotite. Irregular.. .. Possibly several NW...... do...... Partly weath­ F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed; bodies, size ered. associated with fine-grained granite. unknown. Quartz float suggests Q core. Lenses ...... 1-5 T. . _ .... NE...... NW...... do...... F-Q-M-B wall zone, fine grained; Q core. Several en echelon lenses. Tabular.... . 8-10 T, >175 L.. NE...... SE...... do ...... do ...... Weathered .... F-Q-M pegmatite; massive quartz on dump suggests Q core. Tabular(?). . 5 T ...... NE...... NW...... do -...... do ...... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Wallrock contains kyanite...... do...... 5 T (only partly NE...... SE...... do...... Weathered. ..._ Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite. Wall- exposed) . rock contains kyanite.

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

Jackson County Continued

Tabular.. ... 30 T...... NE...... Vertical. ... P-P1-Q-M-B wall zone, Q core. Gneiss inclusions. Thin- . ... NE...... F-Q-M pegmatite. Tabular...... 7T ...... NE...... fractures. F-Q-M pegmatite. Tabular...... 13 T...... 2 other pegmatites, 1 with Q core, prospected to north. _. do ..... 3-5 T ...... NW...... SW-...... Weathered _ . P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained; accessory garnet. Tabular-... 25 T . NE...... NW...... do ... Partly weath­ P-P1-Q-M wall zone; accessory[bio- ered. tite, garnet; Q core. Lens, 8-20 T...... NW...... Vertical F-Q-M wall zone; accessory garnet; branching ant. blende and bio­ Q core, discontinuous. (?). tite ngeiss. Branching, 2-10 T NW ... SW.. SE .do ...... P-P1-Q-M wall zone; Q core, dis­ irregular. blende and bio­ continuous. tite gneiss. ..do...... 2-4 T ...... NW SW NW - ..-..do ­ ant. Tabular.... . 3-8 T, 500 L, NW . SW NW .do P-P1-Q-M wall zone, accessory gar­ 300 D. net, pyrrhotite; Q core, accessory biotite. Irregular, 350 T, >375 L NE. . NW - do...... -do... Partly weath­ F-Q-M-B wall zone, fine to coarse tabular (?). ered. grained; Q core. Many gneiss in­ clusions near walls. Tabular 1-20 T... NW... SW F-Q-B-M wall zone; Q core. Large bodies. ant. gneiss inclusions In main pegmatite. Irregular. .... 8T ...... NW ... NE.. -do ...... do Weathered __ F-Q-B-M wall zone, medium grained; accessory garnet; Q core. Irregular, 2-30 T ...... NW SW W Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium to coarse lens. grained; accessory garnet, pyrite, pyrrhotite, biotite; Q core with minor perthite. Irregular ..... 4-15 T ...... NW NE .do ... . .do. P-P1-Q-B-M wall zone; Q core. Tabular. .. 5-6 T...... _ NE.. Vertical. Discordant (?).- F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Several pegmatites prospected. Poorly ex­ posed. Tabular, 3-7 T, 500 L NE... NW .... .do...... do. ... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core, discon­ branching. ant. tinuous. 98 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 5 tion worked in feet) or 6

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Continued Jackson County Continued

37 USGS..-.. . . 1900 Cuts, 3 adits in area 500 long. 155 Buchanan (Dream) mine.. USGS, OF, 1944-45, 1955-56 Cut 200, 3 adits, stopes, Ruby to greenish-brown, bent, ruled, Moderate sheet DMEA. shaft 74, drifts 100. minor stain. (WWII). 39 USGS Pre-WWII- 124 B. C. Buchanan prospects. USGS Pre-WWII .... Brown, moderate "A" structure, com­ monly stained. 93 Henry Buchanan USGS . Pre-WWII Several crosscuts, prospect Light brown, ruled, cracked, clay prospects. pits. stained. 94 Marsden Buchanan USGS 1942 ...... Brown, "A" structure, ruled, cracked, prospect. concentrated along footwall of core. 96 USGS 1942 Pits, crosscuts, drifts, Small sheet, trenches, 200 long, 50 deep. mostly scrap. 159 Ramsey Buchanan mine ... USGS 1942 -. 2 cuts and adit in line 150 along strike. 95 V. O. Buchanan prospect.. USGS 1952 76 Sterrett (1923, p. Pre-1910, 1940. Cut 80, shallow pits, adits, Small sheet 207), USGS. WWII. shaft for 250 along strike. (WWII). 60 USGS ... Pre-WWII 165 USGS Pre-WWII, 1943- 2 cuts 20-40, pit, crosscut, Small sheet 44. stopes. (WWII). 63 USGS . 1895, 1900, 1814, Dark brown, -minor stained, locky, ruled. Small sheet (1944) - 1944. 151 "C" (Puncheon Camp) USGS .. 1938, 1940, 1942, Cut 25, 2 adits, stope, drift Ruby to drak brown, commonly stained- mine. 1944. in area 50 by 100. 103 USGS 1900, 1942 ...... Cut 12 deep, 3 shafts, drifts Light brown, clear, ruled, bent, small ...... do ...... for 100 along strike. 81 Casey (Ashebrook) mine _ USGS ..-.._.. 1942-44, 1955 ... 3 cuts 12-35 long, 6-20 deep.. Ruby to light greenish brown, ruled, .....do ... bent, minor stained. 31 USGS ..... 1930... . 68 Cedar Cliff mine-... Sterrett (1923, p. Pre-1910, WWII Small sheet.... _ 210), USGS. 45 Choga (Chogey) mine. .... USGS ...... Pre-WWII...... 2 cuts 25-35 long, 4-6 deep, Light brown, ruled, stained, small _ ... 2 adits, drifts. 143 Hardy Clark No. 1 USGS. .... 1943 ___ . Green to greenish brown, cracked, bent, prospect. ruled. 143 Hardy Clark No. 2 USGS, DMEA-.- 1942-44, 1956 . Cut 140 long, 15 deep; adit Small sheet __ ... prospect. 29. 100 USGS ... Pre WWII, Cut 50 long, 15 deep; stope Ruby, wedge "A" structure, stained .... Small sheet WWII. 20, pit 15. (WWII). 145 USGS ...... WWII-. ... Cut 100, drift 75, shaft 30, Green and ruby, ruled, cracked, mineral __ .do ______- stope. inclusions, soft. 138 Olson (1946, p. 34, 1934-37, 1943-45, Cuts, shafts, incline, adit, Light brown, green mottling, minor "A" Large sheet 36), DMEA, 1953-56. stopes, drifts for 500 along structure, commonly bent, ruled, soft, (WWII), mod- OF. strike, 100 deep. concentrated along hanging wall and ate sheet (1953- foot wall 55). 176 Corbin Knob prospect ..... USGS .__. _ Pre-WWII_. . Cut 15, several prospect pits. Ruby, small. ... .______...... 111 Coward mine ___ USQS, DMEA.-. 1895, int to 1945, 4 cuts 10-80 long for 200 Ruby to greenish brown, ruled, bent, Small sheet 1955-56. along strike. Adit 125, moderately stained. (WWII). stope, winze 35, drift 10.

120 Cox (Cox and Davies) Olson (1946, p. 1868, 1896, 1916 int Many shallow pits and Ruby, minor biotite intergrowths, com­ Moderate sheet mine. 33-35), DMEA, to 1944, 1953-54. cuts, 800 along strike, 2 monly bent, ruled, cracked, stained. (WWII, 1954). OF. cuts 80-100, stopes, shaft 35, drifts. 84 USGS- . . Pre-WWII-__ . . 2 trenches, pit, 60 on strike.. 150 Dead Timber Ridge mine.. USGS .... . Pre-WWII, 1952... Series of trenches, pits, Light brown, "A" structure, bent, adits for 1,300 along ruled, cracked, stained. strike. 107 USGS ...... Pre-WWII, 1942 Several small cuts, 2 adits, Light brown, clay stained, cracked, shaft 18, extend 150. bent, ruled. 105 Dietz (Candler-Keener) USGS ...... 1943-44 Cut, 3 adits, shaft 35, and Brown, minor stained, concentrated Small sheet mine. shallow trench in area 400 near core. long. 90 Jeannie Dietz (Deets) USGS, OF...... Pre-WWII, 1942- 4 cuts, adit 160, in area 60 mine. 43. by 200. 81 Jeannie Dietz prospect.... USGS ...... Pre-WWII.. . Shallow pits and adits in Light brown, "A" structure, scrap...... Clay, sheet(?) .. line 175. 36 W. Q. Dillard (Black USGS ...... 1900, int to 1942.... Several cuts, crosscuts, Light brown, reeved, biotite inter- Large scrap, small Rock Stock Farm) shafts, small stopes in growths. sheet (1942). mine. area 150 by 300. 35 W. G. Dillard prospects. - USGS...... Pre-WWII..... _ Numerous small cuts and prospect pits. 101 USGS...... Pra-WWTT 2 cuts, 2 shafts 15-25, adit Greenish brown, stained, wedge "A" struc­ 25, drifts. ture, on footwall side of core; brown moderately stained, on hanging-wall side of core. 157 USGS...... 1944 . _ . _ .. Small sheet.--- _ 148 USQS...... WWII...... Shallow cuts, 2 crosscuts Brown, stained, ruled, bent, clay 50-85, extend 250 along stained. strike. PEGMATITE DISTRICT® 99 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Continued Jackson County Continued

Tabular __ 1-4 T...... _ - NW NW ...... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core, discon­ tinuous. ..do ..... 7-10 T NW 8W...... NW Partly concord­ .do ...... Weathered Pl-P-Q-M wall zone, medium to ant. (50ft). coarse grained; Q core. Pinch and 5 T . ..._- . NW F-Q-M-B wall zone; Q core. swell. 6-7 T ..___ .... NW ... ..do - F-Q-M wall zone: Q core. Tabular. _ . 10 T...... NE___ _ F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. 2 other prospects on similar bodies nearby. do - 10 T...... NE ... SE.._.______..do . ..do ... -do... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Irregular..... 4 T _...... NW . SW ...... do ... -do... Do. ant. Tabular, 1-8 T...... NW 8W.__ - _. do Pl-Q-M wall zone; Q core. lens. Tabular(?) ... 2 T...... NE. .__.__ NW...... do Tabular_ .. 4-5 T _ NE Vertical . do...... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. .do 6 T.. - .... NW do... .._._ - do Do. . do... 8 T ...... NE___ . SE _ do . _ do...... __ F-Q-M pegmatite; locally gnelssic ant. texture. .. do ..... NE... __ NW _ do- - P-Q-M-B wall zone; Q core. do...... 4-6 T ...... NW .. NE. _...... M-F-Q wall zone; P-Q-P1-B-M intermediate zone; Q core. Pinch and 1-4 T ..._-. ... NE...... SE-. .__._____. F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. swell. ant. Tabular, 2-7 T, several NE...... NW. . ... Q-garnet-sericite border zone; B-Q-F branching. bodies. wall zone; M-F-Q intermediate zone; Q core, discontinuous. 6-8 T ______do... ___ F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. Pinch and 2-4 T . _._.. NE.. _ .. NW ...... do ...... Q-F-M wall zone; accessory biotite; swell. Q core discontinuous. Thick-...... _ NW (?).._. ..do ____ P-P1-Q-M-B wall zone; Q core. Poorly exposed. Lens. ____ 3 T ___ _ , __ NW...... NE. ..___._._. Weathered ______Q-F-M wall zone; Q core. Pinch and 2-6 T ...... __ NW __ ._._. do ______.....do ...... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. swell. ant. Tabular.. ... 17 T . _ ... _ NE. ..__._ SE __ do ... F-Q-M wall zone, fine to medium grained; accessory biotite; Q core. .. do... .. 3-5 T...... ___ NW ___ NE... . . _ Biotite gneiss.. Weathered _ . Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium grained; accessory sericite, garnet, sulfides, allanite; Q core. Irregular, 2-15 T, 1,000 NE...... NW ._.____ .. .do ...... Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium to coarse tabular, ! (?) ant. grained, accessory sericite, garnet, pinch and pyrrhotite; Q core, discontinuous. swell. Irregular. __ 5 T ______... NE-.. Vertical __.._.. do .....__ Q-P-M pegmatite, medium grained. Tabular, 2-5T, >185 L, NW- . SW.. ._.___.__ do -...do ...... Weathered (30 Pl-P-Q-M wall zone, medium to pinch and >110D. ft). coarse grained; accessory biotite, swell, garnet, pyrite, pyrrhotite, apatite, branching. allanite; Q core, discontinuous. Pegmatite emplaced in fault zone. Anticlinal, 7-12T..___. ... NE_._ ____ SE SW _ Weathered (20 Pl-P-Q-M wall zone; accessory tabular. ant. ft). apatite, garnet, biotite; P-Q inter­ mediate zone, coarse grained; Q core (north body); Pl-P-Q-M peg­ matite (south body). Tabular.. .. 3-5 T . _ _ ... NE______. do ...... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Branching, 2-8 T .... - NW .... SW...... do Biotite gneiss. _ . ....do ...... P-P1-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Pos­ tabular. sibly several bodies prospected. Poorly exposed. Several feet T. . E... _ ... N.(?) ...... do ...... do Lens. ______1-6 T..__ . . _. NW __ Vertical.. _ ._ .....do ...... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. ant. ft). Pinch and 0.5-7 T..... __ . NE...... SE...... __.___ do do .._. swell. accessory garnet; Pl-Q-M core, fine to medium grained. Tabular(?) _ >5T _ _ ... NW...... Vertical...... ___..do .___...... do ...... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Irregular to Small bodies NW .. NE... . . do...... do ...... P-P1-Q-M wall zone, accessory bio­ tabular. 1-4 T, main tite; Q core. Several small unzoned body larger. pegmatites prospected...... do- . ... NW..___._ NE-.. __ .... ant. small poorly exposed pegmatites prospected. Tabular...... 25 T _ NE...... SE.______do . do ...... do ...

... .-do...... Thick...... Pinch and 3-10 T _ ._ . N ____ .. W .... swell. ant. 100 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 5 tion worked in feet) or 6

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Continued Jackson County Continued

117 USGS - ...... Pre-WWII, Small sheet wwn. 35 apart for 250 on strike. (WWII). 166 USGS ...... Pre-WWII . 01ay(T) ...... adits, for 250. 51 USGS...... Fay mines: 140 No. 1 USGS...... 1885, 1944...... Small sheet 15. stained. (1944).

140 No. 2 USGS...... 1944...... Light brown, biotite intergrowths, bent, Scrap. .. _ . _ ... small, ruled, cracked. 140 No. 3.-... - USGS 1044-4?; bent, commonly cracked, ruled. 140 No. 4. . ... - USGS ...... 1944-45 ..... do .... intergrowths, commonly bent, cracked. 146 Sterrett (1923, p. Pre-1906, 1944..... Small sheet 205, 206), adits 225, winze 55, (1944). USGS, OF. drifts, stopes. Mined to depth of 100(?). 92 USGS, OF . 1885, int to 1945. .. shafts, cuts, pits in area cracked, concentrated along footwall 100 by 500. more than hanging wall.

163 USGS, Sterrett Pre-1910, 1935 .- Buchanan's Old) mine. (1923, p. 204- adits, small pits in area 205). 200 by 600. 114 USGS...... 1Q9fl 1044 160 Sterrett (1923, p. Pre-1910, 1925, 203-204), USGS, 1943-44. stope in area 50 by 180. bent, tied, concentrated along foot- (1943-44). OF. wall; brown, concentrated along hang­ ing wall. 147 DMEA_...... tQKC_Efl Cut 50, adit 30..... __ .

104 USGS ... . "PrA-'W WTT 1 04.9 shafts, small pits, adit 20 in area 60 by 200. 129 DMEA...... 1955-56, 1960 .... Small sheet, caved drift, 82. moderate scrap. 128 Holland No. 2 mine-- .... DMEA_ ...... _ 1955-56- . Ruby, cracked, bent, ruled, stained, Moderate scrap, adits, shaft 30, drift 70. concentrated near walls. Green, con­ small sheet. centrated near core. 56 USGS... WWI -. ... centrated near hanging wall and gneiss inclusions. 64 L. E. Hooper (Duke USGS Pro WWTT 1011 Stephens) mine. short drifts; shaft 30. ruled. 43 USGS 1044 Cut 55.. _ 34 USGS ...... 1QCR .... -do .... 153 USGS, OF ..... 1905, 1943-45 75, 3 crosscuts, stope. growths, quartz inclusions, mod­ (1943-45). erately bent, ruled, cracked, reeved. 154 Jesse mine ______USGS, OF... 1943-44 ______- Cut 40, shaft 15, drift 70.. ... Small sheet.. _ .. common bent, cracked. 156 USGS 1944...... Small sheet, clay . underground workings in growths. area 400 long. 127 USGS.-...... 1956 _ ...... locky, stained. 25 Judaculla Field prospect- - USGS...... Pre-WWII __ 141 USGS, OF, 1928, 1943-44, 1957- DMEA. 50, drift 80, stopes.

30 W. T. Lee prospect ____ USGS...... 1930's ...... Cut 25-. ____ - Small sheet

152 USGS "Prft-WWTT 1

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Continued Jackson County Continued

Irregular. .... 18 T NE-..- NW ...... Partly concord­ Biotite gneiss Weathered . M-Q-F waU zone; F-Q-B-M inter­ ant mediate zone; Q core, discontin­ uous. 20 T...... NE...... NW ..... do do. F-Q-M-B pegmatite. 2 T ...... - . __ do...... do.. F-Q-M pegmatite; accessory garnet. 8-15 T.. __ - NE- - Vertical. ..do...... do.. F-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained; quartz veins common; gneiss in­ clusions common. Pegmatite cut by faults. Tabular, 2-8 T __ , ...... NW...... BW...... do ...... do do F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Several lenses(?). parallel bodies present. Pinch and 4-9 T...... NW...... NE.. do ...... do...... - Pl-Q-M wall zone; Q core. swell. Tabular, 6T_.__ ...... NW...... NE...... -do ...... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Gneiss branching. inclusions. Tabular ...... 12 T.. ___ .... NE.. VorHr>al __ .do .... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core, discon­ tinuous.

. .do...... Main body 6-9 NW Vertical. do . . do...... Pl-M-Q wall zone, coarse grained; T, >500 L, accessory garnet; P-P1-Q-M inter­ >140 D; mediate zone, coarse grained; Q northeast core; accessory biotite altered to body 7 T. vermiculite. Cut by many faults. 65 T (main NW .. Weathered ___ Pl-Q-M-B wall zone; Q core. branching. mass). ant. F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. Tabular, 5-20 T ______NW._ SW...... _ .. NW ... Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium grained; lens. hornblende M-F-Q intermediate zone, coarse and biotite grained; Q core, discontinuous; gneiss. accessory garnet, apatite, pyrite. Lens, 1-2.5 T...... NE...... SE __ ...... Un weathered. . Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium grained; branching. accessory biotite, garnet, sericite, pyrite; Q core. Tabular(?)___ >20 T...... NE...... SB...... P-Q-M wall zone, fine grained; ant. P-Q-M intermediate zone, coarse grained; Q core, discontinuous (?). 5-20 T...... NW...... NE...... do ...... -do ...... Weathered ...... Pl-Q-M wall zone; Q core, discon­ tinuous. Tabular ...... 3-5 T...... NW .... .do...... do ... -do P-Q-M- wall zone; Q core. Cut by low angle faults. 20 T...... NE..... - SE... ____ .. SW(?)--_- Biotite gneiss...-. P-P1-Q-M-B wall zone, medium to coarse grained; Q core. Large gneiss inclusions. Tabular...... 10 T...... NE. ... SE ____ ...... do ...... Pl-B-M-Q pegmatitie. Pinch and 5T...... NE...... Vertical. _ ... Mica gneiss...... F-Q-M pegmatite; accessory garnet. swell. Tabular, 1-3 T...... N . W...... Pl-Q-M pegmatitie. Q-M pegmatite branching. ant. (burr rock), fine grained, common. Tabular. __ . 6T... _ . __ .. NE._ NW...._ ... NE--.. do...... Pl-P-Q-M-B pegmatite; accessory pyrrhotite, garnet. Mica-rich pipe- like mass plunges north. 1-6 T...... NW...... SW...... do...... Pl-Q-M wall zone; Q core. branching. ant. 25 T... __ . _ . NE...... SE...... do ...... F-Q-M-B pegamtite.

..do...... 5-10 T..... __ . NW ... Vertical...... do F-Q-M wall zone; Q core discon- ant. tinous. do...... F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. 1-15 T.... __ .. NW...... Variable...... SE(?)~ Pl-Q-M-P wall zone, medium to lens. biotite and coarse grained; accessory garnet, hornblende sericite, pyrrhotite; Q core, dis­ gneiss. continuous. 8 T, >70 L.. . NW__ NE...... do ...... __ do Q-P1-M-B wall zone; Q-P inter­ tabular. mediate zone, coarse grained; Q core. Tabular ...... 12-14 T _ . ... NW...... SW...... - do.. __ ...... do...... Weathered ___ Q-F-M wall zone, medium grained; Q core.

4-12 T, avg 6 . NW...... SW._ _ ... NW . Weathered Pl-Q-M-P wall zone, medium lens. ant. (70 ft). grained; accessory garnet, pyr­ rhotite; Q core, discontinuous. 2-4 T...... NE_ Weathered F-Q-M wall zone; Q core, discon­ tabular. (90 ft). tinuous. 1-14 T-... __ .. NE...... NW. _ _ .do ...... M-F-Q wall zone; Pl-Q core; ac­ cessory pyrrhotite, biotite. ST..... ____ .. NE-_ .. NW...... do. . . do F-Q-M wall zone; Q core, discon­ tinuous. l-15TandO-6T. NE... . NW. .... do ...... do... Pl-Q-P-M-B wall zone; Q core, south body; F-Q-M wall zone; Q core, discontinuous, north body. Cut by faults. 260-720 67- 102 MICA DEPOSITS OP THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 5 tion worked in feet) or 6

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Continued Jackson County Continued

77 USGS--. Short adit, 2 pits 123 USGS-. . Prft-"W\VTT Series of drifts and adits for 350 along strike. 109 Charles Morgan prospects- USGS- Pre-WWH, 1944.- Small sheet (1944). 66 USGS-- Adit 35, 2 cuts. _ - __ Dark greenish brown, biotite inter- growths, stained, concentrated near core. 85 Sterrett (1923, p. 1917, 1942-43. ___ Series of narrow cuts 1,100 Ruby, minor stained, cracked, bent, Small sheet (1942- 201-203), TJSGS. long, with short drifts and clay stained. 43). stopes, 40 deep. 136 Murray Mountain USGS, DMEA... Pre-WWII, 1942, Many shallow cuts, pits, Light brown to greenish brown, clay Small sheet (1954). (Murray Cove) mine. 1954. adits, crosscuts in area stained, bent, ruled. 200 by 650. 108 TJSGS, OF.. 1905, 1917, 1943- Cuts, adits, shafts, stopes, Brown to greenish brown, ruled, bent, Small sheet 45. drifts in area 300 by 500, locky, biotite intergrowths, minor (WWII). 120 deep. "A" structure, concentrated in wall zone and near core. 59 Andy Nicholson mine Sterrett (1923, p. Pro WWTT 2 cuts, 3 crosscuts, pits in 211), USGS. belt 125 long. 119 USGS- 1925- _ - __ 6 slumped pits.. Ruby, small- _ 79 USGS-. Pre-WWII, 1944. . Brown to greenish brown, bent, cracked, "SmaUshe'e't "(1944)1 small, concentrated near core. 82 USGS--.. .. 1905, 1910-12, 1915, Extensive bulldozing and Light brown to green, "A" structure, Moderate sheet 18, 1941-44, 1952. slump conceals old shafts, stained, ruled, cracked, bent, clay (1941-44), small adits, stopes in area 200 by stained. sheet (1952). 600. 71 USGS- 1935,1940,1944 _ - Shaft 22, pit. _ Small sheet (1944). 158 USGS--.. 1904-05, 1941, Small sheet 1944-45. (1944-45). 72 USGS-- Pre-WWII - Cut 35 long, 10 deep, pits Brown, moderate" A" structure, stained- for 150 along strike. 98 USGS- ..... 1Q44 Small pit, 2 adits 30-35- Small sheet

47 Piney Mountain Creek USGS--. 1907, 1935-36 Cut 150 long, 25 deep, drift- Ruby, biotite intergrowths, locky, (Bearwallow Fork) stained, concentrated along core and mine. hanging wall. 74 Potato (Tater) Cove mine USGS-.-. Pre-WWII, 1944. . Cut 100 long, 10 deep, 4 Small sheet (1944). caved adits, pits in area 150 by 200. 88 Power Line propsects USGS--.. .

171 USGS- 1917. Brown, clear, small, green, stained, locky. 167 USGS.--.. . 1943-44...... Series of small pits, cuts, Light brown, "A" structure, minor Small sheet...... adits, crosscuts for 375. stained, small, concentrated near quartz pods. 58 Sterrett (1923, p. Pre-1910 Cut 40, shaft 35, 2 adits, Grayish brown, "A" structure, cracked, 211-212), USGS. connecting stope, trench. bent, stained. 57 J. S. Prince (Ben Queen) USGS--- 1Q97 prospect. 54 Sterrett (1923, p. Pre-1910. Adit 212). 56 USGS--- 1939.... ___ ... Cut 100 long, 15 deep, 2 Brown, wedge "A" structure, stained, Scrap _ shafts, drifts. scrap. 106 USGS.-- 1942, 1944...... Adit 140, drift and stopes Ruby, moderately bent, ruled, stained. Moderate sheet- .- 125, shaft 30. 99 USGS--- ... 1941. 3 cuts 15-90 long, 5-15 deep in area 80 by 100. 38 USGS.-- Pre-WWII, 1942 . Cut 50 long, 30 deep; pits Brown, moderate "A" structure, biotite Feldspar, sheet (?). and trenches for 530. intergrowths, small.

116 USGS--- 1914-18, 1942...... Cut 240 long, 10-30 deep; Greenish brown, moderately "A" struc­ Clay, sheet . .... cut 100 long, 20 deep. ture, commonly stained, small. Several shafts 60-70 deep, adits. 26 Richland Balsam NW USGS.-- .. Pre-WWII...... Light brown, "A" structure, bent, prospect. stained. 24 Eichland Balsam prospect USGS--- ... Pre-WWII Dark brown, biotite intergrowths, small 53 USGS--- 1938-39...... Cut 30 long, 10 deep, shaft Light brown, "A" structure, clear, con­ 20, drifts 30. centrated near core. 173 Roarenhole (Sheep Knob) USGS---- 1QAA Shaft 22, 3 cuts 15-35 long. - Small sheet-.. . mine. 174 TTQf1 C! 1QC>1 1QKQ Cut 65 long, 25 deep; small do.-. stope 26. 168 Arthur Robinson prospect USGS.-- .... . 1931, 1944...... Light brown, cracked, warped .... Small sheet (1944). 75 USGS-- Cut 30.-. ___ . - Light brown, minor "A" structure, clear 28 Rocky Branch (McKay) USGS.- 1 049-44 2 cuts 30-40 long, 15-25 deep mine. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 103 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Continued Jackson County Continued

NE_ SE...... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Several pegmatites, poorly exposed. Pinch and 1-6 T-__ _ NE_ . NE(?). .do. F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. swell. .do. - F-Q-M pegmatite. 3 pegmatites prospected. 1-4 T- __ ...... NE NW- .do. F-Q-M wall zone; accessory biotite; Q core. Pinch and 1-7 T. __ ...... NW- - NE...... -do.- .do - Q-P1-M wall zone; F-Q-M-B core, swell. ant. very fine grained (granite). Core cut by quartz veins. Pinch and 2-8 T._ ...... NW.- SW...... - do- -do-- - ..do-. F-Q-M wall zone; Q core; several swell, lenses. pegmatites explored. Generally cut by small faults. Tabular. 4-7 T...... NW. _ ._ SW_ ...... NW.-- -do...... do .do. Pl-Q-M wall zone; accessory biotite; Q core. 3 similar parallel bodies mined. Lenses (?)- _ NE ... .. SE .do.. F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Poorly exposed. ..do. F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. Lens 0.5-4 T...... NE... .. NW __ . _ - -do- - F-Q-M wall zone, medium grained; Q core. Pinch and 2-15 T. _ ...... NW-.._- SW...._ __ . -.do.. do-- P-P1-Q-M wall zone; accessory bio­ swell. ant. tite, garnet, tourmaline, pyrite; Q core. F-Q-M pegmatite. Tabular___ 5-6 T, >90 L NW-- NE.... - F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Tabular, sills. 5to8T. _ ..... NE NW.-...... do- F-Q-M wall zone; Q core, discontin­ uous. Several bodies present. Tabular. __ . 1-2 T __ ...... NW...... Vertical.. __ do- F-Q-M wall zone, medium grained; accessory garnet; Q-F core, coarse grained. do- 20 T. _ ...... NE SE Pl-P-Q-M wall zone, fine to medium grained; Q core. do- 10-12 T...... NE SE...... -do- F-Q-M-B wall zone; Q core, discon­ tinuous. . do-... - 10 T...... NE...... SE...... -do-- do- .do. F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Several pegmatites prospected for clay or mica. do- - 15 T-. __ ...... NE...... NW.-.. ... -do...... do.. P-P1-Q-B-M wall zone; Q core. Tabular.. _ 25-50 T... __ . NE.. __ . SE...... __ .. -do...... do .... P-P1-Q-B-M pegmatite, coarse grained; many quartz pods. 2-20 T...... NE...... SE ...... do...... do...... F-Q-M pegmatite, contains quartz ant. pods and tabular gneiss inclusions. Lenses ...... 2-4 T, 10 L NW...... NE...... __ do.. __ ... P-Q-M pegmatite. F-Q-M pegmatite. Large quartz masses may be discontinuous core. Branching _. 8-T...... E...... N...... Q-F-M wall zone; Q core. Tabular .. 25-35 T...... NW...... NE...... do-_ ...... apatite, pyrite, pyrrhotite; Q core. East body 5-18 NW...... NE...... do.-. .... T, west body tains Q core. 1-15 T. Irregular- 20 T. ______N ..... do...... Weathered ___ Pl-P-Q-M-B wall zone, some graphic tabular. texture; Q core, discontinuous. Cut by granite dikes. Several bodies prospected. Lens _ .. 150 T...... NE . Vertical ..... do.. . . F-Q-M wall zone, fine grained; Q ant. core.

Tabular...... 3-5 T...... NE...... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core, discontinu­ ous. Poorly exposed. do-. 2-3 T...... NE...... do-.- -do.. garnet; Q core. Lens 1-4 T... ____ . NE...... SE.. _ .. _ .. NW.. ... SW...... do-...... very fine grained pegmatite or granite present in pegmatite. 1-8 T...... NW. ... SW-...... NW ... -do.-. .... -do.- branching. fracture fillings. 200 L-__.__ ...... NB...... SE...... Irregular. __ 10T-._ _ ... NW... NE... .. biotite granite. pyrrhotite. __ .do...... 4-5 T...... NE- NW..-.. .. - do-- F-Q-M pegmatite; accessory biotite. 104 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 5 tion worked in feet) or 6

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Continued Jackson County Continued

121 USGS--- ...... 1935-36, 1941-42, 1944. 87 USGS--- Clay, sheet (?). ... shaft, crosscut. 65 1915-18 Sheet. _...... 47-49), OF. 65 long, adit 65. 67 DMEA .... Pre-WWII mine. 1953-54. 10 deep; shaft 86, drifts. 175 Shell Ridge (Shell USGS--- Pre-WWII, 1944. Large cut 350 long, 200 wide, Ruby, commonly tied, bent, ruled, Large scrap, Branch) mine. 1952-56. 60 deep, shafts, adits, moderately stained. moderate sheet. drifts. 162 USGS...... Pre-WWII- , Ruby, moderately stained... __ . __ . 15. 70 D. H. Stephens No. 1 USGS 1939, 1944, 1952-54. . Light brown, biotite intergrowths, bent, Small sheet mine. trenches. cracked, green mottling. (1944). 69 D. H. Stephens No. 2 USGS 1939 1944 mine. 62 USGS.. 1 0^9 89 Stillwell mine... Olson (1946, p. 1875-85, 1915-18, 8 adits, 2 shafts, pits, cuts, Ruby, minor "A" structure, commonly Moderate sheet 50, 52-53), OF. 1943-44. stopes in area 200 by 500, bent, ruled. (1943-44). 130 deep. 32 USGS...... 1932-34... _ ...... 44 USGS Adit, pits... ___ ...... prospects. 86 USGS . 1910,1944 . Shaft 36, drift __ ...... Light brown, cracked, small _ . ._...... 172 Olson (1946, p. 1935,1944 Brown to greenish brown, hard, quartz Large sheet...... 53-54), OF. 200 long, 50 wide. and sulflde inclusions, cracked.

41 Toy (Tustin, Moody) Sterrett (1923, p. Pre-1905, 1928-40, Series of adits, cuts, Light brown, minor stain, common "A" Moderate sheet mine. 200-201), USGS. 1944. trenches for 1,000 across structure, ruled, clay stain tosoutheast. (1944), large a ridge. Concentrated near margin of core. sheet (1928-40). 42 Tustin mine _____ USGS...... Pre-WWII ..... Cut 15-20 deep, shaft 30, Light brown, small. .. _ .... Sheet(?)clay(?)_-_ Small cut. 133 USGS...... Pre-WWII Light brown, cracked, ruled. Green, mine. inclines for 100. wedge "A" structure, cracked, ruled. 139 USGS...... 1943. prospect. 150. scrap. 52 USGS-.-.-.-. 1Q1Q prospect. 144 USGS.-...... Light brown, moderately stained . . area 25 by 40. 73 Wayehutta Clay (Weary Sterrett (1923, p. Pre-1910, 1944...... 5 caved drifts and cut in Ruby, biotite intergrowths, ruled, Small sheet Hut, Worry Hut) mine. 207-208), USGS. area 75 by 150. cracked. (1944), clay. 80 Molly Watson (George USGS...... - .. 1895,1944.. Cut 120 long, 35 deep, cross­ Light brown, clear, concentrated near Small sheet Watson) mine. cut, stope, shaft. core. (1944). 1^1 USGS...... low shafts and pits. 102 USGS-.....-..,-. 1942...... Light brown to green, "A" structure, Small sheet ...... bent, stained. 97 USGS...... 1943 2 cuts 35-50 long, 15-20 deep, Brown, reeved, stained, light green, Scrap. _ .. . 2 crosscuts, drifts, stopes stained. in area 60 by 120. 115 USGS-...... 1942 2 cuts, 65 long, 20 deep and Brown, hard, ruled, bent, stained. ___ 80 long, 30 deep. Pits and trenches. 137 DMEA-...... 1956-57 Cut 100, shaft 50, drift 73 Ruby, bent, cracked, small Small sheet-...... 170 USGS ..... 1Q97 3 cuts, shaft 20, drift 50.. _ . Ruby, minor stain, concentrated near core. 169 USGS, Of ...... 1929 int to 1945- ... Cut, 3 adits, raises, stopes Light brown, hard, clear, bent, ruled.. Large sheet, large in area 100 by 400, 130 scrap, feldspar. deep. 61 USGS (Sterrett, Pre-WWII Mountain) mine. 1923, p. 211). ture, stained. 144 Tylpr ^Voodarfl mine USGS WWII- ..... Adit and drift 130, cuts, adits Brown, stained, bent, cracked ...... Moderate sheet... and crosscut in area 70 by 200. 48 USGS ...... Pre-WWII, 1943- Cut 150 long, 10-20 deep, 2 Greenish brown, hard, biotite inter­ Small sheet (1944). Frady Creek) mine. 44. adits, pits. growths, minor stained. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 105 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Continued Jackson County Continued

5-6T-... _ ... NE ...... SE...... Q core. Several pegmatite, some cut by faults. >250L(?)__ NW .. .do.-.. ... -do. pegmatites prospected for clay, one for mica. Poorly exposed. 3-20 T, >170 L, NE_ ... Variable SW . _ tabular. >120 D. ant. Q core, discontinuous. 20 T. __ _ ... NW.- NE. .. . . do.-... 8-30 T...... NE...... NE(?)__._ ]M!ica gneiss P-P1-Q-B-M pegmatite, poorly ex­ tabular. ant. (100ft). posed. 2 bodies mined. 4-8 T...... NW. SW.__ _ . ... . Partly weath­ F-Q-M-B « all zone; Q core. Biotite ered. mostly along footwall; muscovite along hanging wall. 2-5 T.-.. ___ .. NW NE SE ... - - do ... - -do. .. . branching. accessory garnet, biotite, pyrite. 5 T..... NW SW S ...... _ _ .do... ^Vlica gneiss coarse grained. . .do...... 1-2T. , NE..- .. SE.... Weathered ___ F-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained. -do.... 1-6 T...._ _ _ .. NW . Vertical ... -do...... ant. tinuous. 2 fine to medium-grained pegmatites to east. ..do .. 1-2 T... NW NE -do __ Q-F-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory biotite. -do. N .. Vprtinnl -do ..... - do faults. Several pegmatites pros­ pected nearby. Tabular ..... 4-T average ..... N. __ .. W. Discordant ...... Biotite gneiss.. . Unweathered ... Q-P1-M-B pegmatite, fine to medium grained; accessory garnet, pyrrhotite, apatite. Granite pods found in pegmatite. ..do 1-4 T, thickens NW...... SW... , . - do..... do...... Weathered to northwest lei bodies prospected. to 5-14 T. 30 T ...... NW SW -do...... Mica gneiss .do ...... _ Pl-P-Q-M-B wall zone; Q core. Tabular- _ . 2-4 T..... NW... . SW. F-Q-M pegmatite. Larger pegma­ tite contains brown mica, and a parallel one contains green mica. ..do 6.5T. _ NW...... Discordant ..... Biotite gneiss .... Weathered __ . NW...... do...... - do...... Do. 60 T...... NE...... VpT"tipal Biotite gneiss.. .do ...... P-P1-Q-M-B wall zone; Q core. ant. Several parallel pegmatites to northwest. .do . 7 T...... NW...... do . exposed. 6-8 T...... NE . . SE.. - do . F-Q-M pegmatite; accessory bio­ blende and tite, garnet. Poorly exposed. biotite gneiss. Tabular(?) 0.5-4 T...... NE...... NW...... do ­ P-P1-Q-M pegmatite. tite and horn­ blende gneiss. Tabular...... 8-15 T_...... NE . SE ___ , F-Q-M wall zone; accessory garnet, sulfides; Q core.

50T...._ . NE...... do ...... P-P1-Q-M-B pegmatite. branching. tite and horn­ blende gneiss. 1-4.5 T. N . W...... __ Weathered (20 and swell. ant. ft). Tabular __ - 10 T....- ... _ NE SE. .do...... Weathered (30 P-P1-Q-B-M wall zone; Q core. ft). i K-fin T1 NW. _ Vor final ant. tite and horn­ Q-P core; accessory biotite, apa­ blende gneiss. tite. Cut by many small faults. 35 T. __ NE Vertical.. .do Q-P-P1-M-B wall zone; Q core. Tabular.. . 3-5 T __ - __ - NW. _ NE-- -do .do Weathered -- F-Q-M wall zone; Q core.

-do 8T - NE SE ...... Concordant. do.... _do.._. . Q-F border zone, fine grained; M-F-Q wall zone, coarse grained; Q-P core. 106 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 5 tion worked in feet) or 6

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Continued Macon County

233 Olson (1946, fig. 1868, 1900, 1936-44, Small sheet 5), TJSGS. 1952-53. 5 adits 50-250 long, shafts, structure, hard, bent, ruled, stained. (WWII, 1953). winzes, stopes in area 150 by 250. 306 Olson (1946, p. 1870, 1904, 1918, Ruby, moderately to commonly ruled, Large sheet, scrap. 20-21), DMEA, 1925-41, 1943^4, 18 shafts 15-210 deep; bent; moderate stain. OF. 1953-62. stopes, drifts, crosscuts.

279 TJSGS...... 1920's-.-- _ .. ... 301 TJSGS, DMEA... 1920's, WWII, 2 cuts 100-170 long 15-35 Moderate sheet (?), 1951-52. deep, 9 shafts, 40-70 deep, large scrap. adit 155, drifts. 405 USQ8...... 1953

OQQ USGS...... Pro-i onn W WT QorioQ rtf rail~Q ^^Ift Moore; Burleson Elver) small. mine. |>90 1049 Sm^ll shftfit' (1946, p. 47). 14. 265 USGS, DMEA... 1890 int to 1945, Ruby, stained, cracked, bent, moderate Small sheet 1955-56. along strike, 20-50 deep. "A" structure. (WWII, 1956). rycA USGS...... 1942 . Ruby, stained, small.. ______...... Small sheet __ ... 175, 20 deep, crosscut. USGS...... 1 Q9ft 1 04.4. 550ft. ruled, small. 070 USGS...... WWI, 1943-45..... Ruby to greenish brown, mineral inclu­ Moderate sheet deep. sions, cracked, bent, ruled. Concen­ (1943-45). trated along core. 414 USGS, OF .. 1920, 1943-44...... Cut 100 long, 20 deep, Green, "A" structure, minor bent, Small sheet ...... shaft 18, adit 30. cracked, ruled, mineral inclusions.

244 USGS...... Pre-WWII ___ .. Clay(?)...... 243 USGS...... Pro WWTT Cut 75.... - _ small scrap. Baird mines: 314 USGS, OF.... . 1870, 1905-06, 10 shafts, 2 crosscuts, Ruby, bent, tied, biotite intergrowths, Moderate sheet 1943-44, 1958-59. drifts, stopes in area 100 ruled, stained. Some green. (WWII). by 350, 80 deep. Q1 O USGS, OF...... 1870, 1905-06. 10 shafts, drifts, stopes in Green to greenish brown, "A" structure, Small sheet 1943, 1952-54, area 100 by 200, 70 deep. tied, bent, ruled, concentrated near (WWII). 1959-60. core. Ruby, biotite intergrowths, con­ centrated in outer wall zone. O1 A No. 5 (Clay No. 2). USGS, OF.. Pre-WWII Clay.... . __ . area 100 by 200, 60 deep. clay stained.

^19 USGS- 1951. Ruby, hard, bent, cracked, biotite Small sheet... - intergrowths. USGS 1950... __ ...... Shaft 24. incline 10..... USGS 1

254 DMEA 1953 ...... Shaft 45, drift 50, several Brown to greenish brown, bent, cracked, Small sheet...... prospect pits. stained. 246 USGS 1941-44 ...... Cut 525 long, 60 deep; Light brown to light green, biotite inter- Small sheet, shaft 35, drift 20. growths, cracked, tied, bent, ruled. scrap, clay. USGS... 1900, 1944...... 10 shafts, 30 deep in belt, Light brown, small concentrated near Small sheet (1944). 300 long; adit 100. core. USGS, Olson (1946, p. 41). O*7Q USGS Pre-WWII...... USGS . Pre-WWII Adit 20 PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 107 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex- Attitude Wallrock weathering tuze, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Continued Macon County Continued

16-60 T. _ NW-... SW-_ F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Cut by many faults. Small gneiss inclu­ sions common. 1-20 T E.-. S...... Weathered (70 P-P1-Q-M pegmatite, medium to branching. ant. ft). coarse grained; accessory biotite, garnet, apatite, pyrite, allanite; Q-M pegmatite, fine grained (burr rock) common. 3-10 T.... - NE.. SE Pl-Q-M wall zone; accessory biotite; Q core, discontinuous. K OK rp NE_. - - SE __ do. F-Q-M wall zone; accessory biotite; branching. Q core. Probably several pegma­ tites explored. Workings backfilled 1961. Lenses.. _ 0.5-2 T - NE... - NW ----- ....do...... Biotite gneiss. . .do Pl-Q-M pegmatite fine grained. Another pegmatite with Q core prospected to northwest. 4T.._ - NW ... - Vertical- _ .do - -do. - P-Q-M wall zone, coarse grained tabular. Q core, discontinuous. A H T1 NW - -do ... - -do. - Pl-Q-M pegmatite; accessory garnet, branching. biotite, epidote, apatite. 2-20 T __ NW - Vertical .do - F-Q-M wall zone; Q core, discon­ tabular. tinuous. Similar body mined to southwest, few hundred feet. 3 fi T1 NW - Vortipfll F-Q-M wall zone, coarse grained; Q core. Parallel body cut by cross­ cut north of main works. 1-4 T - NW - Vertical- .do ... do .. F-Q-M wall zone fine grained; Q core. Poorly exposed. Several small bodies prospected. 2-5 T, 155 L. . NW. _ NE-. N...... Pl-P-Q-M wall zone, medium to coarse grained; Q core. Accessory biotite, garnet, pyrite. 6-8 T N_ ..... VflrtiPfll ... .do ... Pl-Q-M pegmatite; accessory garnet. Locally, Q-M zones, fine grained (burr rock). Several bodies pros­ pected. NE_. _ .. .do...... Biotite gneiss Weathered- ..... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Poorly exposed. 6 T NW ... . Vertical .... Q-M pegmatite, fine grained. No feldspar observed. 6-9 T - NW. __ .. SW SE. . Pl-Q-M wall zone; accessory biotite, lenses. ant. (80ft). garnet, apatite; Q core, discon­ tinuous. 20-50 T. - NW. . SW-. _ . do ...... do ... . Pl-Q-M-B wall zone; Q core. Heavy ground makes mining difficult.

1-15 T...... NE...... SE .do Q-F-M pegmatite; accessory biotite. swell, Pegmatite sheared and faulted. branch- ing(?). Tabular- . 3-4 T. NW NE--...... -do...... -do... - do P-Q-M-B pegmatite, medium to coarse grained. 3-4 T...... N E.. ... -do do F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. .do . Do. 3-6 T NE.._. _ SE.. do . F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. hornblende and biotite gneiss. E.._ S, __ ...... SE do - Main body: Pl-Q-M wall zone; Q 12 T, main core. West body; Pl-B-Q-M wall body 1-15 T. zone; Pl-M-Q intermediate zone; Q core, discontinuous. Tabular 2-12 T, 370 L.... NW SW. - SE._ _ __ do.. __ do __ Weathered Q-F border zone, medium grained; (60ft). M-F-Q wall zone, coarse grained; Pl-P outer intermediate zone, coarse grained; M-B inner inter­ mediate zone, medium to coarse grained; Q core. Accessory garnet, sulfldes. do. . 4-6 T...... NW Vertical. . .do.... - do...... Weathered F-Q-M wall zone, medium to coarse grained; Q core. Gneiss inclusions common. Irregular, 60 T, 525 L, NE.... Vertical_ SW do... - do...... do .... P-P1-Q-M-B wall zone; Q-M-B branching. 105 D. intermediate zone, fine grained; Q core. Cut by granite dike. 8-12 T... _ .... NW SW _ - do do F-Q-M-B wall zone; Q core. 2-5 T _ .... N _ . do-...... Biotite gneiss- ... Unweathered-. P-P1-Q-M pegmatite. Cut by fault. arcuate. 0.3-3 T...... NE._. SE - NE_ - do ... . F-Q-M pegmatite. swell. Tabular 4-T.._ NE . SE Partly concord­ ..do Weathered-- _ F-Q-M wall zone; Q core, discon­ ant. tinuous. 108 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE EIDGE IN NOETH CAEOLINA

TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 5 tion worked in feet) or 6

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Continued Macon County Continued

201 DMEA. . 1953-54 . shaft 45, drifts 78.

369 USGS _ ...... 1910, 1943-44...... Small sheet (1943- along hanging wall. 44). 179 USGS ., Pre-WWII...... Pit 25...... 200 Carr Bryson prospect ...... USGS...... Pre-WWII.. . . 6 shafts, short adit ...... _ _ .do.. ______.. _ ... 216 Terrell Bryson (Neal USGS, DMEA... Pre-1900, 1940, Cut 250 long, 30 deep. Shaft Ruby, hard, stained, bent, cracked, Moderate sheet, Bryson, Old Bryson) 1942, 1953-62. 105, drifts and stopes. ruled. large scrap. mine. Old works included adits and shafts, now caved. 215 USGS...... WWII...... 2 pits, adit 50 ______.. Green, soft, ruby, small ...... Buoy mines: 257 No. 1 (Rock Cut). .. USGS...... 1870, 1934, 1942- 44, 1953 int to 10-15 deep. stained. 1962.

258 No. 2...... USGS, OF...... 1895, 1922, 1931, Cut 200 long. 10-30 deep, 2 Brown to greenish brown, color banding, .... .do... 1941, 194&45. shafts, 3 adits, stopes, hard, stained, ruled. drifts in area 75 by 500, 160 deep. 407 Burch prospect-. _____ USGS . 1944...... Series of 3 pits for 120 ...... Light brown, hard, clear, small _ _ .. Small sheet __ ... 396 USGS...... Pre-WWII- __ . stained, small. 329 Burke-John (N. L. USGS, DMEA... 1905-06,1952-54... Series of shallow pits, Light brown, ruled, cracked, small, Small sheet Barnard) mine. shafts, adits for 1,000. concentrated near core. (1952-54). Southeast adit 315. 298 USGS ...... 1 QPO 1 QOQ 1

413 Coil Carpenter prospect ... USGS-... 1943 Short adit, caved ._..._... Green, small _ ...... 334 Carson Cove mine ____ USGS...... 1944-45 ...... 2 shafts 34-47 deep, drifts, Ruby, tied, bent, small...... stopes. 335 Carson Cove prospect. . ... USGS ., 1953(7)...... Ruby, bent, cracked.. ______338 Chalk Hill mine...... USGS, DMEA, 1909-14, 1940-44, Cuts, shafts, adits, drifts, OF. 1951-61. stopes in area 500 by 1,500. ruled, concentrated near core margins. scrap.

189 USGS...... WWTT 1QW stained. 204 USGS...... wwn(7)...... 366 Mathew Cole prospect- . . _ USGS...... 1944 Pit 10 long, 8 deep____ ... Pale greenish brown, "A" structure, stained, small, concentrated near core.

235 USGS __ ...... Pre-WWIL 300 up slope. 271 r,nrbin TTrmh minA USGS...... 1917...... Pits and cuts for 75____ . Ruby, moderate" A" structure, stained, small. 394 Corpening prospect ____ USGS...... WWII......

316 Crawford prospect... _ ... USGS...... 1954...... Cut 100 long, 5 deep; adit 20. Ruby, cracked, ruled, small; green, "A" structure. 318 Crawford Branch prospect. USGS...... Pre-WWIL Shaft 35, adit, pit. ____ . Brown to greenish brown, moderately tied, stained, small. 239 USGS...... wwn...... Adit 46, cut...... 348 Lester Crawford prospect.. USGS...... Pre-WWII _ . _ . Adit 35... - - PEGMATITE DISTRICT'S 109 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex- Attitude Wallrock weathering tuze, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Continued Maeon County Continued

Tabular _ ... 7-12 T...... NE.. NW...... Weathered __ - Pl-P-Q-M-B wall zone; medium grained; P intermediate zone, coarse grained; Q core, discon­ tinuous. Pegmatite faulted. do. .. 3-T...... NE... SB...... F-Q-M pegmatite. ._ do.. .. . 10 T ___ . __ NW . SW...... F-Q-B-M pegmatite...... do...... 2-7 T...... NW . Weathered Pl-P-Q-M wall zone, medium to ant. (90 ft). coarse grained; accessory garnet, apatite, sulfldes; Q core. 2-6 T NE...... SE .. fine grained, occurs locally. >32 T. ______NE...... NW. _____ NE...... Pl-Q-M-B wall zone, medium gneiss. grained; Pl-B-Q-M outer inter­ mediate zone, medium grained; Q-M Intermediate zone, fine grained (burr rock); Q core. Ac­ cessory allanite, pyrrhotite, heden- bergite(?), apatite. 1-7 T, >300 L, NW...... NE...... NW .... Weathered .... . Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium to >150 D. ant. coarse grained; P intermediate zone, discontinuous; Q core. Ac­ cessory garnet, sericite, pyrite. 1 T.. ___ NE...... NW..... ___ do...... do. _ .... F-Q-M-B pegmatite. 6 T...... NE...... Vertical do. F-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained. .do 15-20 T.... __ . NW...... SW...... do ...... do Pl-P-Q-M wall zone, accessory ant. garnet; Q core. 2-15 T...... NW Vortical do ­ F-Q-M-B wall zone; Q core. Similar body to south prospected by shaft 18 ft deep. F-Q-M pegmatite. 1-60 T..... _ ... N...... Weathered ..... F-Q-M pegmatite; accessory bio- branching. ant. tite; Q masses on dump may be from core. Several bodies present in the various workings. 1-7 T __ . .... NW...... NE. -do .... . _.do_ _._ Kaolinized F-Q-M pegmatite. 6-10 T...... NE...... SE.. SW.. .. do...... do...... F-Q-M pegmatite. branching. 1.5 T ...... E._. __ . Vertical . .do .... . Do. Tabular. __ . 4-15 T NW.. __ . NE.. ... SE .... .do ... Q-F-M border zone, fine grained; M-Q-F wall zone, coarse grained; PI intermediate zone, coarse grained; Q core. Accessory garnet, biotite. Large cuts oversteepened and sliding...... do ...... _ F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. 1-4 T ...... NW SW...... F-Q-M wall zone, Q core. swell. -do... . 4-10 T .... NW .... SW __ Biotite gneiss. Weathered ... . P-Q-B-M pegmatite. Irregular, 1-40 T, 100- E...... S...... SW . -do . ..do...... do ... Pl-Q-M wall zone, fine to coarse tabular, 1,000 L. grained; P-Q intermediate zone, lenses. coarse grained, discontinuous; Q core, discontinuous; 6 or more large bodies mined or prospected. 5.5 T . NE...... SE ..do...... F-Q-M pegmatite. do ._ 1 T. ..do.. .. .do F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. do 4-6 T NE.. SE...... Q-F-M wall zone, medium grained; Q core, discontinuous. Gneiss inclusions parallel tabular quartz masses. NW .. do...... Weathered .. F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. Branching, 2-15 T . NE._ SE. ... __ . .do ...... Unweathered .... P-P1-Q-M-B wall zone, medium irregular. ant. grained; Q core, discontinuous. Gneiss inclusions common. Interlayered bio- Weathered ... Kaolinized F-Q-M wall zone; Q tite and horn­ core, poorly exposed. blende gneiss. 1.5-2.5 T.. NW.. __ SW. ..do. Pl-Q-P-M pegmatite. Sheared. 4-10 T ____ NE... . SE...... - .do Q-P1-P-M-B pegmatite; accessory garnet. do ... 6 T. __ .. ____ NE ...... Vertical. _ Weathered ..... F-Q-M pegmatite. do. >5T NE. ... SE ...... Discordant Mica gneiss _ .do M-Q border zone, fine grained; F-Q-B-M wall zone, medium to coarse grained; Q core. 110 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect f Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, 'on pi. 5 tion worked in feet) or 6

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Continued Macon County Continued

337 USGS, OF., 1880 int to 1944 Moderate sheet deep, 250 along strike. ruled, cracked, bent, minor stained. (WWII). Adit 170, drifts, stopes.

221 DMEA. WWII, 1956... deep; adit 105. 220 USGS__ _ WWTT 1Q44 Small sheet (1944). area 50 by 100. 255 USGS...... 270 Deerlick Knob (Berry) USGS __ _ 1930-32, WWII(?). Small sheet mine. shaft. locky, stained. Biotite intergrowths. (WWII). 217 USGS.. 1944 Shaft 25 - _ 406 USGS____. WWII. Pit, incline.... 407 USGS. 398 USGS ...... 1905,1944 Cut, adit Stained.. __ - ______- OQ1 USGS, Sterrett Pre-1900, 1950's (1923, p. 243-44). shafts, short adits in line 200. 919 USGS. _ ...... Pre-WWII - 262 USGS...... IQiO 360 USGS... 1Q4.4 pect. tied, minor stain. 267 USGS, DMEA... 1900, 1944-45, Moderate sheet 1954-55. drifts, adits in belt 450 cracked, moderately stained. (1944-45), small long. sheet (1955).

268 Elmore Branch prospect ... USGS Pre-WWII.. . Adit 75, pit ____ -..-....-- 376 Enloemine ____ .. . USGS _ 1951...... Kuby "A" structure, cracked, broken, Small scrap...... small. 283 Sterrett (1923, p. Pre-WWII Hill) mine. 227), USGS. 150, several adits. 288 Ferguson mine. ______DMEA WWII(?), 1955-56.. Cut 100 long, 10 deep; shaft Ruby, biotite intergrowths, bent, ruled, Moderate sheet. . 60, drifts 80. stained, small. 242 USGS .... . Pre-WWII in area 75 by 270. 284 George Frady prospect .... USGS ..... Pre-WWII _ . .. Medium brown, moderately stained..... 180 USGS . WWII.. ._ _ .. 377 Garden Branch mine ___ USGS . . .. 1952. 260 Gibsonmine. ______USGS, OF 1943-44 ...... Brown to greenish brown; bent, reeved, Moderate sheet. .. cuts and pits in area 50 cracked. by 220. 191 USGS 1 041 1 QAA 32. biotite intergrowths, bent, moderately cracked, ruled, stained. 188 USGS...... Pre-WWII...... Light brown, bent, cracked, stained, drifts, stopes. mottled. 188 USGS 185 Gum Knob mine USGS . 1944...... Small sheet.. __ 324 USGS, Watts Clay, scrap... - . (1913, p. 133-35), 1942. deep. Small prospect pits, Hies and others old shafts 100(?) deep. (1922, p. 41-42). 209 USGS, OME, Moderate sheet OF. 1942-45, 1952-55, shafts, drifts and stopes tite intergrowths, commonly bent, (WWII). 1959. 60-100 deep. ruled, cracked.

384 USGS .__ 208 Hall-Burra mine ...... USGS, OF 1943-44, 1951-54 Olive brown to light brown, "A" struc­ Small sheet 150, drifts in area 150 by ture, bent, cracked, ruled, stained. (WWII). 200. 322 USGS, DMEA... 1 Of Q 99 1 Q4.J. 1954-58. deep, drifts and stopes, in 1954-58. area 100 by 280.

320 USGS .... 1920 1944 Shaft 280 Sterrett (1923, p. "Pro IQIfi 1QJ.9 Henry; Rocky Face) 226), USGS. growths. mine. 241 USGS...... 1Q4.3 44 Small sheet.. __ drifts. 285 USGS "Prfl WWTT o oHit

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Continued Macon County Continued

6-10 T NW - ... SW...... coarse grained; P intermediate zone, coarse grained, discontinu­ ous; Q core; accessory biotite, muscovite. do 6-12 T...... NW .... SW..._. ... do ... do -do ..... F-Q-M wall zone, medium grained; Q core. Pegmatite in shear zone, cut by late faults. 0.6-4 T.. . NW...... SW...... do M-F-Q wall zone, medium grained; swell, ant. F-Q intermediate zone, medium branching. grained; Q core. Cut by faults. Thin ...... NW . Vertical - do... .do F-Q-M pegmatite. ..do . 3-5 T .. N...... W...... -do P-Q-M-B wall zone; Q core. Poorly exposed. -do... - 3T ...... NE_ F-Q-M pegmatite; central gneiss septum. do 2.5 T NE...... SB...... ant. tite. garnet.

fNE _ . ... do Do. JSTE. ... do- F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Poorly ant. exposed. 1-5 T. ___ ... INW. ... do . ..do F-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained^ . do F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. 5T NW...... do F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. 2 similar bodies 200 ft apart. - do 4-9 T ... NE.- - SE do. . do.. M-Q-F border zone, fine grained; Q- ant. Pl-M wall zone, medium grained; Pl-Q-M intermediate zone, fine to coarse grained; P-Q core, coarse grained, accessory garnet, pyrite. NW. ... do F-Q-M wall zone(?); Q core. Poorly exposed. 1-6 T, 120L . do F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. 6-12 T...... NE...... SE...... do F-Q-M pegmatite. do 5-6 T ..... NE...... NW...... Weathered (40 F-Q-M wall zone; Q core, accessory ant. ft). biotite, sericite. do 1 ^ T NE... SE- __ ...... do ... -do ..... 1 T ...... NE.- Steep...... F-Q-M pegmatite. . do- 4-5 T ...... NE-- NW...... 1-4 T ...... do F-Q-M pegmatite. pods. gneiss. 4-12 T NW. ... .-do ..... P-P1-Q-M wall zone, medium grain­ tabular. ed; Pl-P-Q-M intermediate zone, fine grained; accessory biotite, gar­ net; Q core, discontinuous. 2-4 T __ . _ . ... NW Vertical...... do do F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Gneiss septa cross pegmatite. 11 T __ - ___ NW Vertical do . do -- do.... . F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. lens. Tabular- _ . 3 T ... NE-- - SE...... do F-Q-M pegmatite. 2-4 T ...... do ...... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core, discon­ gneiss. tinuous. May be several bodies. 200 T ...... NE-- -do ... Weathered (100 Q-F-M-B wall zone, fine grained; Q ft). core, discontinuous.

15-50 T...... NW . SW...... SE _._ .do Weathered (60 Pl-Q-M wall zone, coarse grained; ft). Pl-P-Q-M-B intermediate zone, medium grained; Q core. Accessory garnet. Several smaller bodies pros­ pected to north. 1-2 T ...... F-Q-M pegmatite. 2 small bodies, poorly exposed. 1-15 T ... _ E-- S ...... SE...... Weathered (40 Pl-P-Q-M wall zone, coarse grained; ft). Q core, discontinuous; accessory garnet. Gneiss inclusions common. 5-20T . ... NW do Weathered (60 Pl-P-Q-M wall zone, coarse grained; tabular. ant. ft). accessory garnet; Q core; Q-M peg­ matite, fine grained (burr rock) locally along walls. Several parallel dikes prospected at surface. F-Q-M pegmatite. 3-15 T NE-- - SE ...... F-Q-M-B wall zone; Q core, discon­ ant. tinuous. NE...... Steep-. . F-Q-M pegmatite. >5 T E.. F-Q-M wall zone; Q core; accessory biotite. 112 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA

TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 5 tion worked in feet)

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Continued Macon County Continued

409 USGS 1943-44 Small sheet ___ trated along core; brownish green, stained, ruled, cracked, in wall zone.

409 Hodgins prospect _____ USGS 1944. Small ______.-- - - - __ 282 USGS 1951 __ . 183 TJSGS ...... several pits. 190 USGS...... 1953... ____ . .... clay stained. 192 A. T. Hurst (H.H. USGS 1951 Cut 30, drift 30 _____ . Scrap ...... Plemmons?) mine. stained. 293 USGS I960... ___ . __ 327 USGS, DMEA, 1868, 1890 mt to OF. 1930, 1944-45, winzes, stopes in area 150 stained. scrap (1952-55). 1952-55. by 700. Workings 200 deep. 249 Olson (1946, p. 1905-15, 1935-47, Bridge) mine. 37-38), Broad- 1950's. Large books concentrated near core. sheet (WWII). hurst and Hash (1953, p. 54-55), OF. 240 USGS ...... Pre-WWII, 1942... Small sheet (1942). growths. 240 USGS.. ____ ... Pre-WWII 2 adits 15-25 long 319 DMEA... _ ..... 1954-55. ____ Cut 40, shaft 60, drifts. Small sheet __._ . cracked. 374 USGS ...... Pre-WWII 382 DMEA 1951 ... .. 1961). 291 Kasson (Holbrook) mine. . USGS, DMEA, 1900-1910, 1938, Cut 200 long, 10-30 deep; 7 Ruby, hard, minor stained, bent, Small sheet; large Sterrett (1923, 1944, 1952-54. shafts 25-80 deep, drifts, cracked. scrap (1952-54). p. 225). stopes, adit 65, in area 100 by 600. 386 USGS 1950(7). . ... 395 USGS...... Pro IQW prospect. adit(?), prospect pit. 276 Lassie Kelley (Pine Knob) USGS, DMEA... 1900, 1942, 1952 _ . Cut 200, shaft 25, drift 90, Ruby, moderately reeved, bent, cracked- Small sheet (1952). mine. caved adits and pits. 269 USGS 1932.. ______380 1 Q4.9 AR 38-40), OF. brown, hard, clear, rare. 253 USGS - 1091 1CKS 1043-14 Moody) mine. in area 100 by 350. bent, cracked, ruled. 214 USGS...... WWII- ...... do .--.. . prospect. 404 J.H. Ledbetter prospect - USGS._...... WWII, 1951...... 3 adits 50-170, shaft 25, -.-do,---...... cut 25. 289 USGS, OF . IKS'1! "W"WT 1 QQ ^ 1943-44. irregular stope in area sions. (WWII). 100 by 300. 400 USGS...... 1041; bent, stained. 381 USGS, OF . WWII I960 stained, biotite intergrowths. 263 USGS...... Shaft 20...... 389 USGS...... Shaft 29, drift 22. -- .

379 USGS...... WWII-.... .-.. Shaft 18, drift.. ... 353 USGS Pre-WWIL .

231 Little Rock (Spreadout) USGS--- 1942-45...... mine. 229 Little Springs mine...... Olson (1946, p. 47), 1938, 1942 .. USGS. adits. 230 Littlefield (Houston) USGS, Olson 1942,1944,1954.... Cut 60, 3 short adits, 3 Ruby, ruled, cracked, bent, mineral Small sheet, mine. (1946, p. 47). shafts in area 50 by 240. inclusions, small. moderate scrap. 358 USGS, OF...... 1944 shaft 24.

390 Long prospect ______USGS, OF 1944...... Cut 25. _ ...... 296 Doc Lucas mine. __ __ . USGS, OF...... 1900, 1943-44 _ .... cut in area 50 by 460, ture, ruled, bent, mineral inter- 75 deep. growths, concentrated in wall zone, green, "A" structure, bent, soft, con­ centrated near core. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 113 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Continued Macon County Continued

Wedge...... 0.5-18 T NE...... Vertical.. ._.._ NE_...... Q-M border zone, fine grained; M-Q-F wall zone, coarse grained, F-Q-M intermediate zone, me­ dium grained, contains pods ol Q-M pegmatite fine grained, burr rock; Q co re. Tabular...... NE...... SE. _ ...... do .. ..do ... - do Q-P1-M pegmatite, cut by veinlets of Pl-M pegmatite, fine grained. Lens _ ..... 1 T ...... NE...... Vertical F-Q-M pegmatite. NW .... Interlayered bio- Weathered ___ F-Q-B-M pegmatite, poorly tite and horn­ exposed. blende gneiss. Tabular...... 6 T...... E S ...... do F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Pinch and 6-10 T ...... NW SW ... _ - Biotite gneiss.. ... Weathered F-Q-M pegmatite. swell. (10ft). Tabular. ... 1-2 T ... _ NW ... NE.. Weathered. ... F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. - do- 4-10 T ... _ .. NW ___. SW_. .... - SE Pl-Q-M wall zone; Q core; accessory ant. (60ft). sulfldes, garnet. Several parallel bodies prospected. 200 T, 1,000 L... NE...... Vertical SW.- -do Weathered __ - F-Q-M-B wall zone, medium grained; crescent. Q core. Numerous gneiss inclusions.

Tabular...... 10 T ...... NW NE. .______.. do -do _____ ... P-Q-M-B wall zone; Q core. ant...... do...... 20 T ...... NW-.--.. SW.- ._.,.. _... .do ... ..do ... Pl-Q-M wall zone, coarse grained; P-P1-Q-M-B core...... do ..... 6T ...... NE...... NW Mica schist... __ do - F-Q-M-B pegmatite; cut by many ant. small faults. .. __do F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. 1-5 T ______NE... SE__ __ do __ __ -do F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. 2 lenses prospected. 1-8T- _ . . NE__ SE . P-P1-Q-M wall zone; accessory bio­ lenses. (100ft). tite, garnet, pyrite; Q core, dis­ continuous. Several bodies pros­ pected. Small.. _ __ Weathered. .... F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. .. -do Do. Pinch and 1-4 T...... NE. ____,. SE Biotite gneiss. . -do F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. swell. Several sills prospected in earlier workings. >3T_.___ ...... NW .... SW.-- _.. . Mica gneiss .__.. .do P-P1-Q-B-M wall zone; Q core. 1-25 T, >255L__ NE NW . _do . ..do ... F-Q-M pegmatite, medium to coarse tabular. grained; accessory biotite, garnet. 1-3 T ...... _ do. F-Q-M pegmatite. A few pegmatite lenses have Q core. 3T-...... NW.--... NE --...... do .... do- --- F-Q-M-B pegmatite. 4-10T-- NE . SE...... -do.---. . do-. F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. 3 bodies prospected. 25T._ ... NE . . Pl-Q-B-M wall zone, medium (50ft). grained; Q-P core; accessory apa­ tite, pyrrnotite, hedenbergite(?). Gneiss inclusions common. F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. 5T_... -.._._. . NE...... SE ...... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core, discon­ tinuous. -.-do.--...... do.-.-.. . F-Q-M pegmatite poorly exposed. 2-3T.- NW-- SW-. _ . . do.- . -.-.do-. ----- F-Q-M wall zone; Q core, discon­ tinuous; Q-M pegmatite, fine grained; "burr rock" common locally. ....-do--.-.. 6T.-_.._ .... E. .-_... S...... do-. F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. -. do-- . 2-5T...... NE. _-.... SE .._._._.. F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. tite and horn­ blende gneiss, biotite altera­ tion. NE-.... SB...... do.- F-Q-M pegmatite. do.- .. 5-lOT-. _ .. NW.--... SW- ...... do..- -. do-. Weathered. _____ F-Q-M pegmatite; accessory bio­ tite, garnet. do.- 2-10T.. _____ NW.- . NE...-. . __. .--do... ___.. ..do . Pl-Q-M wall zone; accessory biotite, ant. sulfides, garnet; Q core, discon­ tinuous. . do-.- 1-6T-. .. _. NE.-. . SE----...-. .-.-do--- .... do.- . Q-F-M wall zone, medium grained Q core, discontinuous. Muscovite obtained from float 300 ft to the northwest of prospect. .. .do. - &-8T_... ------NE NW__ Biotite gneiss ____ ... .do..- ... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core; accessory kyanite (along footwall). 4-7T---. .... NW----. SW------Weathered Pl-P-Q-M-B wall zone, medium gneiss. (50ft). grained; accessory garnet, apatite, tourmaline; Q core, discontinuous. 114 MICA DEPOSITS OP THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 5 tion worked in feet)

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Continued Macon County Continued

294 Doc Lyle (J. M. Lyle; USGS...... 1909, 1928, 1943- 5 shafts 30-65 deep in area Bessie Johnson) mine. 44, 1956. 40 by 100; drifts, cross­ cuts. 363 USGS, OF. 1870, int to 1920, Tabular opencut and stope Light brown, "A" structure, bent, Moderate sheet 1941-43. 225 long, 85 deep; shaft 23, ruled, cracked, commonly stained, (WWII). drift, adit, pits. mineral inclusions.

224 Olson (1946, 1880, 1899-1901, Large cuts, adits, drifts, Ruby, ruled, moderately bent, cracked, Large sheet p. 40-41), 1910, WWII, and stopes in area 400 by minor stained. (WWII), felds- DMEA, OF. 1951 int to 900. spar, quartz 1961. 1959(-61). Mack mines: 182 No. l(Reid-Mary)-.- USGS, DMEA... Pre-WWII, 1951- Cut 120, adit 50- ...... Light brown, ruled, bent, clay stained, Moderate sheet 52. biotite intergrowths. (1951-^52). 181 No. 2(Reid-Mary)_ USGS...... Pre-WWII, 1950- Cut 60, 3 adits...... Light brown, bent, ruled.. _ __ . __ . Scrap...... 52. 250 USGS- Pre-WWII

326 DMEA 1900, 1918, 1953- 8 shallow cuts, shaft 80, 54. drifts in area 50 by 130. 388 W. W. Mashburn pros­ USGS.... . 1041 1Q4.4. 2 cuts 12-47 long, 6-12 deep- Brown, hard, mineral inclusions, reeved, pect. stained. 218 USGS--.. Pre-WWII Shaft 40, drifts, stope, 3 Brown, minor "A" structure, moderately adits in area 50 by 120. bent. May mines: 177 No. lor North...... USGS, DMEA, WWI, 1944, 1952- Cut 100 long, 30 deep, 2 Brown, hard, bent, ruled, concentrated Moderate sheet. .. OF. 53. adits, prospect pit in area in wall zone; greenish brown, cracked, 100 by 200. stained, concentrated near core. 178 USGS, DMEA, WWI, 1952-53 Adit 70 , stopes, caved. 3 OF. cuts 100 long, 10-20 deep. 331 McGuire feldspar mine... - USGS.- Pre-WWII Feldspar ......

403 Will McGuire prospect .... USGS_ 1939 Shaft 12, drifts 20, adit 40 .... 251 H. C. Meadows mine. DMEA. WWII(?), 1952-53. Adit 120, small pits, shaft Ruby, "A" structure, cracked, bent, Small sheet, mod­ 38. ruled. erate scrap. 194 Mica City Creek prospect- USGS-- .... 1QE1 259 USGS, OF ... 1880, int to 1958. Cut 350 long, 60 deep; Large sheet, scrap- shafts, drifts, stopes. Adit 210. 245 USGS--. Pre-WWII, 1944, Series pits, shafts, adits for Small sheet 1952. 450. (WWII). 355 Poll Miller (Burning- Olson (1946, p. 1900-1920, 1943-45, Cut, adits, shafts, open Light brown, hard, reeved, stained, Moderate sheet town) mine. 42-46), DMEA, 1953-59. stope, 100 long, 150 deep, moderately bent, ruled. (WWII). OF. smaller stopes, in area 100 by 300.

325 Olson (1946. p. 1900, 1914-22, 8 adits 50-240, stopes, cuts, 42-43), DMEA, 1942-44, 1958. shafts, inclines in area 200 OF. by 400. 277 USGS- IQAfl Cut 25 long, 15 deep, caved adit. Jim Moore mines: 300 No. 1 ... USGS, OF. 1909, 1916, WWII. Cut 140 long, 20 deep; 3 Moderate sheet shafts, 40-55 deep, drifts. (WWII). No. 2 USGS, OF.. ... 1900, 1942 4 shafts, 10-27 deep, drifts Small sheet. ..

No. 3 ...... USGS, OF .... 1049-44 Cut 100, shaft 40 ______. Moderate scrap. ..

274 USGS ...... 1942 Cut 30, Stope 12 at end of cut. 383 Mount Hope Church USGS-...... 1930 _ 4 shafts 18-30 deep, pit... Light brown, tied, stained.... _____ Small sheet _ . ... prospect. 304 Mud Cut (Mudhole) Olson (1946, p. 1930, 1942, 1952, Cut 70 long, 30 deep; 10 Moderate sheet, mine. 20-21), DMEA. 1954-55. shafts 15-65 deep, drifts scrap (1954-55). in area 100 by 200.

344 Mudhole (Angel-Wildes) USGS- ...... 10,11 A ^ 1QK9 8 shafts 20-45 deep, adit Light brown, hard, biotite intergrowths, mine. 100, several pits for 550. ruled, bent, small. 205 USGS ...... 1941 ...... Cut 22 long, 6 deep; shaft 27, drift 6. 207 Carl Parrish prospect ___ USGS... Pre-WWII Series shallow pits for 100 .... 211 D wight Parrish prospect.. USGS...... 1944-45 Shaft 61. drift 12. Light brown, small _ .... _ . _ . Small sheet.--. _ PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 115

in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock stractuze Strike Dip Plunge

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT-Continued Macon County Continued

Lenses(?)-. 10T.- ...... NE._. NW.. ... Discordant Pl-Q-M-B wall zone, medium grained; P core(?). Poorly exposed. Tabular.. _ . 1-9 T, avg 5 T NE SE ...... do..-. . do.- . Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium to coarse grained; accessory biotite, tour­ maline; Q core. Pegmatite may continue 500 ft northeast to Turkey Nest mine. Elongate 15-40 T...... Variable. . N ...... W- ...... do...... Weathered Pl-Q-M border zone, fine grained; lens. (40ft). Pl-Q-P-M wall zone, medium to coarse grained; P-P1 intermediate zone, coarse grained; Q core, acces­ sory biotite, garnet, pyrite. Pinch and 2-12T ...... NE . NW SW-- do.-- .. do- Weathered P-P1-Q-B-M wall zone; Q core. swell. (20ft). Irregular.. .. . 40T-...... - NW...... NE do .... . do...... P-P1-Q-M-B wall zone; Q core. NW__ do Interlayered bio- .....do.--.. -. F-Q-M-B pegmatite, medium tite and horn­ grained. blende gneiss. Irregular. 1-7 T_. -.... NW ... SW. . Partly concord­ Weathered (80 ant. ft). Tabular. .. ST..- NE... . SE.. M border zone, fine grained; Q-M-F wall zone, fine grained; F-Q-M core, fine to medium grained. do 4-6 T...... NE ~ NW.. - N do- .do.. - F-Q-M wall zone; Q core.

Irregular ..... 10-30 T... __ .. E. .. S...... SW. .do- ..do. Weathered (10 Pl-Q-M-B wall zone; accessory gar­ ft). net, apatite; Q core. 1-15 T... ___ - NW. _ - SW .do...... Pl-P-Q-M-B wall zone, medium grained; Q core. Irregular..... 10-30 T _____ . NE.. .do.- .... .do P-Q-B-M pegmatite, medium to coarse grained. Biotite and quartz fill fractures in pegmatite. Q masses, discontinuous, maybe core. Tabular(?).._ NE F-Q-M pegmatite. Tabular_ 3-7 T ______. NW . SW. Partly concord­ Weathered (30 P-Q-M wall zone, medium to coarse ant. ft). grained; Q core; accessory biotite, garnet. Tabular(?) 6T_. _ - ..... NE. SE.. F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. Irregular ..... 1-25 T...... NE Variable.. ... SE Biotite gneiss __ -do Q-P1-M wall zone, medium grained Q-P-P1-B core, medium to coarse grained. Several irregular bodies mined and prospected. Tabular...... 3-5 T-.__ ... NE.. SE ...... Concordant- . ..do - F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Landslide stopped recent work. do 8 T...... NE... SE...... NE. Biotite gneiss. __ Unweathered.-. Q-F border zone, fine grained; Pl- Q-M-B wall zone; accessory pyr- rhotite; M-P1-Q outer intennedi ate zone, coarse grained, discontin­ uous; P inner intermediate zone, coarse trained, discontinuous; Q core; accessory biotite. 2-10 T... __ . E... S..__ ...... SW...... do. Weathered (100 Pl-Q-M border zone, fine grained; ft). P-Q-M-B wall zone, coarse grained; accessory garnet; Q core; accessory biotite. do. 2-15 T. _ ..... NW. _ - SW...... do . Biotite gneiss __ Unweathered- . Pl-P-Q-M-B wall zone, coarse grained; Q core. Tabular ..... 15 T .... N_ VprHnal .do.. Interlayered bio- F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. tite and horn­ blende gneiss. do 1 T-...... N Vertical .... .do . do Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained, sheared. 500 ft southeast of No. 1 mine. Tabular..... 6-12 T...... NW... NE...... Discordant ..- Interlayered .... ,do ...... Pl-Q-M-B wall zone, medium biotite and grained; Q core. 450 ft southwest hornblende of No. Imme. gneiss. Irregular-... 12-14 T NW.. NE . ... Partly concord­ Biotite gneiss- . . . Unweathered- ... F-Q-M-B pegmatite, medium ant. grained. Tabular..... ST...... NE SE ...... Mica gneiss.. __ Weathered ....-- F-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained, poorly exposed...... do. ... 5-12 T...... E...... S...... Partly concord­ Hornblende Weathered Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium to ant. gneiss. (60ft). coarse grained; P-M-P1 inter­ mediate zone, coarse grained; Q core. Second pegmatite prospected to southeast. . do_ .. 3-12T...... NE...... SE . . . .. Mica gneiss.. ...- Weathered --... . F-Q-M-B wall zone; Q core. Several bodies poorly exposed. do. 12T NE...... SB...... do - F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. .-..do.. .. 5T...... NW SW Discordant __ .....do --..-. F-Q-M wall zone; Q core, poorly exposed...... do. ... 4T-..-.- .. NE.. _ NW - F-O.-M oeematite. 116 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA

TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 5 tion worked in feet) or 6

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Continued Macon County Continued

401 USGS...... 1885 int to 1944.... Cut, 2 adits, drift. Light brown, bent, cracked, small ... Small sheet, (WWII). 252 USGS. ..___ __ 1944.... ______Greenish brown to brown, bent, ruled, Scrap __ ...... cracked, stained. 385 USGS ...... 1943-44. _ . _ . ... 6 shafts 20-35 deep, incline, Small sheet...... drifts in area 40 by 70. 323 USGS-.-..-...... Pre-WWII . 411 USGS -...... lots'; Small sheet, moderate scrap. 412 Penland prospect _____ USGS...... 1951 _ ...... Small . . 186 Pine Mountain (Pine USGS ...... 1912, 1944...... 3 cuts, 20 deep; adit 149, Light brown, bent, cracked, biotite Small sheet Ridge; Hall, Cow shaft 53. intergrowths. (1944). Ridge) Mine. 192 H. H. Plenunons mine USGS...... 1944. __ . _ .... . Cut 45 long, 30 deep- .._._.. Brown, hard, minor stained, small; Small sheet..--.. (possibly the A. T. green, tied, bent, stained, concen­ Hurst mine?). trated in intermediate zone. 397 USGS . ___ . Pre-WWII Light brown, biotite intergrowths, bent, ruled, small. 303 Prison Camp prospect _ _ USGS ...... 1943 Cut . . Light greenish brown, "A" structure, Small sheet. _ ... bent, ruled, cracked, clay stained. 290 USGS, DMEA... Pre-WWII 1953 Shaft 60, drift 75; old pits; shaft and stope 30 deep, caved. 354 Raby (Grady Duvall) USGS, OP ..... 1941-45- _ .. Cut 190 long, 40 deep; 2 Ruby, hard, mineral inclusions, locky, Small sheet...... mine. adits 75 each. cracked, "A" structure. 330 Raby-Sweet (Upper Sterrett (1922, p. Series of pits, shafts, Moderate sheet, Raby) mine. 237), USGS. trenches for 400, adit large scrap. reported 400 to intersect 2 shafts 75. 408 USGS ...... Pre-1950 ...... Cut 35, pits, shaft 30(?). .. Ruby, hard, stained. ___ . ____ . 340 Ray prospect __ ...... USGS ...... 1943- .._ _.__ 333 USGS ...... _ Pre-WWII _ . _ . Series of shallow pits and Ruby, ruled, biotite intergrowths, shafts, 2 adits. quartz, inclusions. 341 USGS ...... Pre-WWII . _ . Ruby, cracked, bent, clay stained . 351 USGS ...... Pre-WWII _ . _ . 2 caved adits, shallow cut... Ruby, cracked, bent, small Scrap.. _ -._.- 328 DMEA...... 1928, 1930'S, 1958 Cut 150 long, 20 deep, 4 Light brown, moderately bent, ruled, Small sheet shafts 40-60, 5 adits in clay stained. (1958). area 120-200. 256 USGS...... 1953-54 Shaft 70, drift 64. Small sheet-.-.. . 184 USGS...... WWII(?), 1952-53. Cuts 60-75 long, 10-25 deep, Ruby, bent, ruled, cracked Scrap... .. pits, adits in area 60 by 100. 307 USGS...... Pre-WWII, 1944... Series shafts and pits for Small sheet 300. Crosscut 130. (1944), clay. 365 Roaring Fork (Norman USGS.....-. ... 1900, 1918, 1943- Light brown to pale green, soft, "A" Small sheet (1952). Mashburn; Smith) 45, 1952. structure, bent, ruled, tied. mine.

234 Olson (1946, p. 1870 int to 1944, Light brown, moderate green mottling, Large sheet, 46-47), OF. 1955. minor stained, commonly bent. scrap. 339 USGS. ..._ Pro IQW Adit 40, drift 15, pits Ruby, "A" structure, stained, cracked

311 USGS...... P rA_lQKC Cut 60, 2 adits 85 and 90, . Ruby, hard, moderately ruled, cracked, concentrated in wall zone; green, "A" structure, concentrated near core. 347 Bud Roper prospect ___ USGS..- . Pro WWTT Series of caved adits and stopes. 345 USGS .. 1915, 1944 Cut 40 long, 20 deep; drift Small sheet (1944). 50, incline, caved. 350 Ortha Roper prospect... USGS 1948, 1952 346 USGS . 1944 2 trenches 21-28 long; drift Light brown, "A" structure (along foot- .... do ...... 11. wall). 332 DMEA.. __ .. ... 1952 _ Cut 80, shaft 24-.. _ ....do ......

370 USGS .. ... 1 Q^A 1 Q J9 Cut, several caved shafts, do incline. 352 USGS.. ... Pre-1950, 1952. . ... Green and ruby, "A" structure, bent, cracked. 399 USGS, OF.. .. 1900, 1944...... Cut 100 long, 20 deep; shaft Small sheet _ - 30; adit 90; drift 36; small stope. 247 USGS, Sterrett 1900, 1942, 1945. Cut 65 long, 50 deep, adit Green, bent, clay stained; brown, stain­ Scrap, feldspar, (1922, p. 229). 150, shafts. ed, small. clay. 236 B. H. Scott mine- ___ .. USGS. . .. 1943-45 ..... Adit 80, shaft 38, drift 18 ._ Light brown, cracked, bent, smalL Small sheet. .. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 117 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Continued Macon County Continued

Tabular...... 6T ...... NE. ... NW-.~. F-Q-M wall zone; Q core, discon­ tinuous...... do_ .... 2T __ . _ . . NE- BE...... do _ ...... F-Q-B-M pegmatite, medium grained. 3-6T ...... NE.. SE do . F-Q-M pegmatite. Mostly mined out. Pinch and 2-3 T_..-.. .. . NE..-. NW .....do ...... F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. swell. 2T,30L _ ..... NE.. . Vertical NE...... do ...... do_ ...... do- ...... Q-P-P1-M pegmatite; cut by small faults. Lens...... 2T, 30 L...... NE BE ...... do...... Biotite gneiss...... do...,.. F-Q-M pegmatite. Tabular...... 4-8T -.-..-.- NE . NW ----- .....do -...... do...... Weathered Pl-Q-M-B wall zone, medium to (30ft). coarse grained; accessory pyrite, sericite, garnet; Q core. Lens...... 1-13T ... NW . Vertical...... do...... Weathered...... F-Q-M wall zone, medium grained; Q-M-F intermediate zone, coarse grained; Q core. Tabular...... 15-20 T-. NE BE . do ..... Q-F-M pegmatite, fine to medium grained, poorly exposed. do_ 40 T __ ...... NE SE. - . do...... F-Q-M pegmatite. Local masses of quartz-muscovite pegmatite near footwall. Gneiss inclusions. 1-3T-...... NW. do . P-Q-B-M wall zone; Q core.

Irregular 1-11 T ... NE SE - S - ...... do.. . do...... do ...... Pl-Q-M-B wall zone, medium lens. grained; Q core. Lenses(?) .... >6T(?)_ ..... Variable. . Variable...... Discordant(?)..- Biotite schist _ ...... do ...... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Poorly exposed. Recent prospecting sug­ gests pegmatite is discontinuous. NE...... do ..... F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. Do. NE... F-Q-M-B wall zone; Q core(?), dis­ gneiss. continuous. Poorly exposed. >10 T .. NE.. __ . BE .. do... Pl-Q-B-M wall zone; Q-P core. Irregular. . >4 T NE NW Partly concord­ . .do . do - Pl-Q-M wall zone; Q core; accessory ant. biotite. 3-10 T. . NW SW Pl-Q-M wall zone; Q core, discon­ (80ft). tinuous. 6-10 T ___ NE- SE . ... . Pl-Q-B-M pegmatite, may be ex­ tension of Buoy No. 1 pegmatite. . .do.. 5T, >60L._ . NW. . SW F-Q-M wall zone, medium grained- (60ft). Q core. Cut by faults. ..do - 5-20 T, >300 L-_ E Weathered . F-Q-M-B wall zone; Q core. ..do 9-10 T NE SE do.. .. -do. Q-M border zone, fine grained; Q-F wall zone, fine grained; F-M inter­ mediate zone, coarse grained, dis­ continuous; Q core. 2 bodies pros­ pected. Pinch and 20 T - NW . NE _ . SE ..do - Pl-Q-M wall zone; accessory garnet, swell. ant. pyrrhotite; Q core. 2 pegmatites present, western one richer. Tabular . - 5T - NW F-Q-M wall zone, medium to fine grained; Q core. Other prospects nearby. -do...... - 10-15 T - E S M-Q-P1 border zone, fine grained; (40 ft). Pl-Q-M wall zone, fine to medium grained; P-Q-M intermediate zone; Qcore. Tabular(?) ... 3T ... NE NW ...... do _____ . .do. - Weathered___ F-Q-B-M wall zone; Q core, discon- tiouous. Poorly exposed. 2-3 T. . ._ NW. NE F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. swell. >10T - NE SE .. - . F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Poorly exposed. Tabular(?) _ 11 T... . __ ... .. NE SE do.... F-Q-M wall zone; Q core.

Lens _____ 1-7 T, 17 D...... NE Vertical .... Weathered Do. tite and horn­ (30ft). blende gneiss. Tabular .... 6T NE Vertical F-Q-M pegmatite. NE F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. Tabular 1-2 T, 150 L NE-- SE . .. B iotite gneiss. .- -. do . _ Pl-Q-M pegmatite, medium grained

Tabular (?) 50 T. . . NW SW Weathered Pl-P-Q-M wall zone, medium to (60ft). coarse grained; Q core, discontin­ uous. Faulted. Tabular.. ... 3-8 T. ___ .. NE NE Pl-Q border zone, fine grained; Pl- B-Q wall zone; accessory garnet; Pl-Q outer intermediate zone, medium grained; M inner inter­ mediate zone, coarse grained; Q-P core, coarse grained, sheared. 118 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 5 tion worked in feet) or 6

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Continued Macon County Continued

227 Tom Scott-Ridge Olson (1946, Pre-WWII ... prospect. p. 47), USGS. 393 USGS-...... 1 Q f\R_ f\7 Small sheet...... pit 13. Sheep Cliff mines: 237 East(?) _ ... _ .... USGS 1943-44... ___ ...... do...... 238 West(?)__ _ . _ ...... TJSGS...... IQfVWl 20 feet deep. small, concentrated near hanging wall. 198 Sheep Knob mine USGS, OF...... 1900, 1956 3 cuts, shaft 20, adit 100, Light brown, bent, cracked, clay Small sheet stope 15 hi area 120 by stained, small. (1956). 240. 199 USGS...... 1QW Small sheet...... deep. 266 USGS...... 1910, 1968 ...... Shaft 60(?), adit 110, drift Small sheet 30, stopes(?). (1958). 197 USGS (Olson, 1946, p. 48, 50- 1950's. numerous adits, stopes in scrap. 51), OF. area 500 by 1,000. 248 USGS...... WWII...... 213 USGS...... Pre-1950 ...... 187 USGS...... Pre-1940 ... Light brown, cracked, small ...... Scrap...... 223 USGS (Olson, 1938 Small . _ . _. 1946), p. 41. stope 30. 402 Slagle mine ______USGS ...... Pre-WWII Greenish brown, soft, bent, cracked, Scrap...... clay stained, small. 371 USGS...... Pre-WWII

378 Burt Slagle prospect __ . USGS ...... 1941-44 Brown, mineral inclusions, ruled, winze, drifts. cracked, stained. 392 Slagle-Drake (Slagle) USGS, OF _ 1939, 1943-44 2 cuts, 5 shafts 30-40, drifts Green, tied, stained, cracked, bent, con­ Small sheet-... _ mine. in area 150 by 250. centrated near quartz core; brown, hard, cracked, stained, concentrated hi wall zone. 372 Slagle Scrap mine...... USGS...... Pre-WWII Small, scrap ______...... Scrap.-......

206 USGS ...... 1938.. __ . 356 Ruth Stalcup mine ...._... USGS ...... 410 Stamey mine _____ USGS, OF...... 1905, 1931, 1943- 3 cuts, 3 adits, stope in Greenish brown, stained, ruled, cracked . Moderate sheet. _. 45. area 100 by 250. 387 USGS ...... 1941,1944...... Greenish brown, cracked, bent, stained . Small sheet .... 65. 312 DMEA ...... Pre-WWII, 1955, Moderate scrap, 1960. shafts 25-75, drifts in area trated in wall zone; green, concen­ small sheet. 100 by 200. trated near core. 336 USGS.....-....-,. WWII 1959 Pit 10 deep, adit 15 _ 375 USGS ...... 1951 --.

273 USGS...... 1Q4ft

261 USGS...... 1QCO centration near core. Thorne Mountain mines: 368 NE-.._ ___ . __ . USGS...... P ro WWTT

367 SW _ USGS.. . . Pre-WWII, 1942, Small sheet..--. - 1944. deep, short adit; stope. minor stained. 359 Trimont Ridge prospect ... USGS, OF.. ... 1944 Light brown, "A" structure, small. ... do .... 272 Turkey Knob (Passa- USGS, DMEA... 1937, 1953-54 Cut 70 long, 10-30 deep, Ruby, minor biotite intergrowths, Small sheet (1953). more) mine. adit 130, drift, stope, stained. winze 55. 362 1900, 1943-45, 54-55), OF. 1952-53. adits, drifts, stopes. stained. (WWII). 415 TTCI/-1 CJ 1

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structuze, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structuze Strike Dip Plunge

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Continued Macon County Continued

Tabular. _ . 5-6 T ... NW .... Vertical Pl-Q-M-B wall zone; Q core. 2-3 T, 50 L, NW NE..... 20 D. grained. Tabular...... 7T______NE_ _ SE .... _____ Pl-P-Q-M pegmatite. do 4-5 T .... . NW NE F-Q-M wall zone, fine to medium ant. grained; Q core. This may be the mine called Sheep Cliff East. Lenses.. _ 1-3 T ______NE_ NW .. 8W._ Weathered Q-F-M pegmatite, medium grained. gneiss. Several zones of small lenses and stringers. Prospect northwest of mine. Lenses(?). ... 1 T______NW__ do F-Q-M pegmatite, fine grained, tite and horn­ poorly exposed. blende gneiss. Irregular.. .. 8T..._. .... E-. N E.. . .do ­ F-Q-M wall zone, medium grained; Q core. Poorly exposed. .do .... 150 T ...... NW..._._ NE...... NE... . do... . Weathered Pl-Q-M-P-B wall zone, fine to (100ft). coarsegrained; Q- PI- M-P-B inter­ mediate zone, coarse grained; Q core; zones discontinuous. Tabular...... 2T Weathered- __ M border zone, fine grained; foot- wall zone; Q core. .do ..... 9T... . NE. NW -do F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Irregular. __ 1-8(7) T._ .. NW_. SW-___ _ .do...... -do. F-Q-M wall zone, medium grained; Q core, discontinuous. Tabular...... 3-6 T ..___ ... NW ... NE.... - . do... ..do ...... _ F-Q-M pegmatite. NE__ . F-Q-M pegmatite; accessory garnet, tourmaline. Poorly exposed. 12 T NE. NW ...... do... F-Q-M-B pegmatite. tite and horn­ blende gneiss. Lenses.. __ 0.1-4 T...... do F-Q-M pegmatite. Small discon ant. tinuous bodies. Tabular... . . 2-3 T ._ - NE.- . -do . F-Q-M wall zone; accessory biotite; Q core, discontinuous; accessory garnet. do 15-20 T______NE...... NW . . .. -do F-Q-M wall zone, fine grained; ant. accessory biotite near footwall; Q core, discontinuous. Several feet T ... NE. .. Vertical . F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Tabular .. 6T- . NE.....__ SE F-Q-M pegmatite. Contains platy masses of quartz parallel to walls. ..do .. 2to6T.. ... - NE_. . .. NE.. - F-Q-M-B pegmatite, medium to coarse grained. Several similar bodies; cut by faults. .do .... 2-5]T... __ .... NW .... 8W...... do .do...... do ­ Q-F-B-M wall zone, medium grained; Q core, discontinuous. Pegmatite intruded in fault zone. 7-20 T NW Weathered Pl-Q-M wall zone, coarse grained; (75ft). P-Q-M intermediate zone, coarse grained; Q core. Tabular...... 1-3 T .. _ _._. NW. Vertical do Pl-Q-M-B wall zone, medium grained; Q core, discontinuous. Pinch and 1-2.5 T, 100 L__. E. S ...... __._ ._ do . Weathered F-Q-M pegmatite; accessory biotite. swell. Western trench exposed only small pods. Tabular..., __ 1.5 T NW...... NE _ Weathered Q-F border zone, fine grained; P-P1- (5 ft). Q-M wall zone; Q core, discontin­ uous. - .do...... 2-4 T NW... SW F-Q-M wall zone; Q core.

15-20 T NE... NW ...... F-Q-B waU zone; Pl-P-Q-M Inter­ mediate zone; coarse grained; Q core; accessory garnet, pyrrhotite, apatite. Tabular 5-12 T.... NE... SE _do_...... do... Pl-P-Q-M wall zone; accessory bio­ tite, garnet, apatite, pyrite, chalco- pyrite; Q core. .do ­ 8 T NE F-Q-M wall zone, medium grained; Qcore. Tabular, 0.1-5 T NW...... SE Weathered Q-F-B-M wall zone; accessory al- pinch and (80 ft). lanite; Q core, discontinuous. Only swell. thin stringers of pegmatite in winze. Tabular...... 7.5 T (avg).. . NE... SE .do ...... do Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium to coarse grained; Q core. 7-10 T NE NW ... NE F-Q-M pegmatite, fine to medium branching. ant. grained. Small quartz lenses may be discontinuous core. Weathered F-Q-M pegmatite, poorly exposed. Lens...... tST ____.. ... N E.. . do F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. 2-4 T...... _ _ NW 8W . _ ..do..... Do. swell. 120 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA TABLE 4. Summary description of mica mines and

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of museovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 5 tion worked in feet) or 6

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT Continued Macon County Continued

210 USGS, OME.. 1880, int to 1930, Light brown to greenish brown, "A" Moderate sheet 1942-44, 1952-57. 4 adits, stopes, drifts in structure, bent, moderately stained, (WWII). area 300 by 500, 115 deep. cracked.

361 USGS, OF...... 1944. Adit 10, cut...... Light brown to greenish brown, "A" Small sheet...... prospect. structure, concentrated in wall zone. 315 C. C. West mine... .. USGS..... 1941-42 prospect pits. 203 USGS. Pre-WWI, 1942-43. for 300. clay. 343 Wild Cove mine - DMEA 1956 _ ...... _ - adit 55. 349 USGS...... 1Q49 275 USGS...... 1952 for 100. 305 USGS...... 1926, 1943....- 150. 195 USGS 1944. _ .. 418 USGS..... ruled, cracked.

309 USGS. 1942 321 USGS (Sterrett, Pre-1907 1922, p. 236). pits, drifts in area 800 long. 302 USGS, DMEA-._ 1910-12, 1941-43, Small sheet 1951. 117 deep, cut 50, in area (1941-43). 300 long. 226 USGS. Pre-WWII, Small sheet WWII. (WWII), scrap.

Mine or prospect

Local­ Description of muscovite Production ity No. Name Source of informa­ Principal periods Workings (measurements, on pi. 5 tion worked in feet)

Clay County

416 Big Four (Rough Cove) USGS 1915, 1944. _____ Ruby. - . prospect. 417 Bud Kitchen prospect _ USGS ... 1910 __ ...... Cut 40 long, 10 deep; adit 30. PEGMATITE DISTRICTS 121 prospects in the Blue Ridge of North Carolina Continued

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

FRANKLIN-SYLVA DISTRICT- Continued Macon County Continued

1-30 T. ... NW... Q-M border zone, fine grained; ant. Pl-Q-M wall zone, medium grained; P intermediate zone, coarse grained; Q core, discontinu­ ous. At least 6 pegmatites mined. Recent drilling below old works failed to locate additional pegma­ tite. 7-10 T, 75 L NE- SE . 2-9 T NW.. SW Do. Tabular ___ 7-10 T.. NW.... SW.. do. do.. F-Q-M wall zone; Q core, discontin­ uous pods. Many gneiss inclusions. 3-4 T.. NW . .do. .... do...... tabular. Lenses(?) __ .... .do ... . _ .do.... _ . ... F-Q-M-B pegmatite, poorly ex­ posed. May be small lenses. 3-4 T...... NE.... do ___ . 1-4T NW SW _ (70ft). Q core. Occurs in fault zone. 10 T...... NW do. 0.5-3 T . NE... . NW. - biotite and matite, fine grained (burr rock) ; on hornblende dumps. gneiss. >6T(?)...... NE--.. NW...... do ______. exposed. Tabular. . 3-8 T...... NW...... NE---...... ---do...... _ do.. . F-Q-M wall zone; Q core." Sol Jacobs mine near southeast end of work­ ings...... do...... 8-12 T NE.-. . Weathered (150 F-Q-M wall zone; Q core. Several ant. tite and horn­ ft). bodies prospected. blende gneiss. do. 4-6 T ----- NW _ Vertical F-Q-M-B wall zone; Q core.

Pegmatite Extent of Remarks (Internal structure, tex­ Attitude Wallrock weathering ture, and mineralogy of pegmatite) Shape Size (feet) Relation to wall- rock structure Strike Dip Plunge

Clay County Continued

>6T...... NE--. . Vertical-­ F-Q-M pegmatite. Do. 122 MICA DEPOSITS OF THE BLUE RIDGE IN NORTH CAROLINA

REFERENCES CITED Dahners, L. A., and Mclntosh, F. K., 1948, North Carolina mica spots, Mitchell, Macon, Gaston, and Yancey Counties: Aldrich, L. T., Wetherill, G. W., Davis, G. L., and Tilton, G. R., U.S. Bur. Mines Rept. Inv. R.I. 4241, 16 p. 1958, Radioactive ages of micas from granitic rocks by Davis, G. L., Tilton, G. R., and Wetherill, G. W., 1962, Mineral Rb-Sr and K-A methods: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., ages from the Appalachian province in North Carolina and v. 39, no. 6, p. 1124-1134. Tennessee: Jour. Geophys. Research, v. 67, no. 5, p. 1987- Alter, C. M., and McColley, E. S., 1942, The lead-uranium- 1996. thorium ratios of various zones of a single crystal of urani- de Polo, Taber, and Tucker, G. E., 1963, Feldspar, nepheline nite from Spruce Pine, North Carolina: Am. Mineralogist, syenite, and aplite, in U.S. Bur. Mines Mineral Yearbook v. 27, p. 213. 1962, v. 1, Metals and minerals, p. 537-545. Amos, D. H., 1959, DMEA project blossoms into best U.S. Deuser, W. G., and Herzog, L. F., 1962, Rubidium-strontium mica mine: Mining World, v. 21, no. 11, p. 30-34. age determinations of muscovites and biotites from pegma­ Bayley, W. S., 1925, The kaolins of North Carolina: North tites of the Blue Ridge and Piedmont: Jour. Geophys. Carolina Geol. and Econ. Survey Bull. 29, 132 p. Research, v. 67, no. 5, p. 1997-2004. Beck, W. A., Stuckey, J. L., and Rivers, M. E., 1963, The Eckelmann, F. D., and Kulp, J. L., 1956, The sedimentary mineral industry of North Carolina, in U.S. Bur. Mines origin and stratigraphic equivalence of the so-called Cran­ Minerals Yearbook 1962, v. 3, Area Reports, p. 775-794. berry and Henderson granites in western North Carolina: Bliss, A. D., 1944, The analysis and age of a North Carolina Am. Jour. Sci., v. 254, p. 288-315. monazite: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 242, p. 327-330. Eckelmann, W. R., and Kulp, J. L., 1957, North American Boltwood, B. B., 1907, On the ultimate disintegration products localitus, pt. 2 of Uranium-lead method of age determina­ of uranium, Part II, The disintegration products of urani­ tion: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 68, no. 9, p. 1117-1140. um: Am. Jour. Sci., 4th ser., v. 23, p. 77-88. Ferguson, H. W., and Jewell, W. B., 1951, Geology and barite Bradley, F. H., 1874, On unakite, an epidotic rock from the deposits of the Del Rio District, Cocke County, Tenn.: Unaka Range, on the borders of Tennessee and North Tennessee Div. Geology Bull. 57, 235 p. Carolina: Am. Jour. Sci., 3d ser., v. 7, p. 519-520. F0yn, Ernst, 1938, Uber einige Vernaltnisse in Uranmineralien: Broadhurst, S. D., and Hash, L. J., 1953, The scrap mica re­ Norske vidensk.-akad. Oslo Skrifter, I. Math.-naturv. Kl., sources of North Carolina: North Carolina Div. Mineral 1938, no. 4. Resources Bull. 66, 66 p. Griffiths, T., 1929, Through South Carolina for clay in 1767, Brobst, D. A., 1955, Guide to the geology of the Spruce Pine being the narrative of an English gentlemen, T. Griffiths, district, North Carolina, in Russell, R. J., ed., Guides to who made this journey, mining the first kaolin in America: southeastern geology: New York, Geol. Soc. America, p. Ceramic Age, v. 14, no. 5, p. 165-169. 579-592. Griffitts, W. R., and Overstreet, W. C., 1952, Granitic rocks of 1962, Geology of the Spruce Pine district, Avery, the Western Carolina Piedmont: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 250, Mitchell, and Yancey Counties, North Carolina: U.S. no. 11, p. 777-789. Geol. Survey Bull. 1122-A, p. A1-A26. Gunsallus, B. L., and Uswald, F. P., 1956, Feldspar, nepheline Bryant, Bruce, 1962, Geology of the Linville quadrangle, North syenite, and aplite, in U.S. Bur. Mines Minerals Yearbook Carolina-Tennessee A preliminary report: U.S. Geol. 1953, v. 1, Metals and Minerals, p. 441-451. Survey Bull. 1121-D, p. D1-D30. Hadley, J. B., 1949, Preliminary report on corundum deposits 1963, Geology of the Blowing Rock quadrangle, North in the Buck Creek peridotite, Clay County, North Caro­ Carolina: U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. Quad. Map GQ-243. lina: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 948-E, p. 103-128. Bryant, Bruce, and Reed, J. C., Jr., 1962, Structural and meta- Hadley, J. B., and Goldsmith, Richard, 1963, Geology of the morphic history of the Grandfather Mountain area, North eastern Great Smoky Mountains, North Carolina and Carolina; a preliminary report: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 260, Tennessee: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 349-B, p. Bl- no. 3, p. 161-180. B118. Hall, G. M., 1933, Flattened garnets in mica at Spruce Pine, Cameron, E. N., 1951, Feldspar deposits of the Bryson City N.C,: Tennessee Acad. Sci. Jour., v. 8, p. 268-272. district, N.C.: North Carolina Div. Mineral Resources 1934, Zoisite and other minerals included in mica from Bull. 62, 100 p. Spruce Pine, N.C.: Am. Mineralogist, v. 19, p. 76-80. Cameron, E. N., Jahns, R. H.t McNair, A. H., and Page, L. R., Hamilton, Warren, 1957, Polymetamorphic rocks of blue Ridge 1949, Internal structure of granite pegmatites: Econ. front near Old Fort, North Carolina: Am. Jour. Sci.,, v Geology Mon. 2, 122 p. 255, p. 568-573. Carr, D. R., and Kulp, J. L., 1957, Potassium-argon method of 1960, Description of the basement rocks, in King, P. B., geochronometry: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 68, no. 6, and Ferguson, H. W., 1960, Geology of northeasternmost p. 763-784. Tennessee: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 311, p. 13-27. Carroll, Dorothy, Neuman, R. B., and Jaffe, H. W., 1957, 1961, Geology of the Richardson Cove and Jones Cove Heavy minerals in arenaceous beds in parts of the Ocoee quadrangles, Tennessee: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper Series, Great Smoky Mountains, Tennessee: Am. Jour. 349-A, 55 p. Sci., v. 255, p. 175-193. Hart, S. R., 1961, The use of hornblendes and pyroxenes for Cazeau, C. J., and Brown, C. Q., 1963, Guide to the geology K-Ar dating: Jour. Geophy. Research, v. 66, no. 9, p. of Pickens and Oconee Counties, S.C. Carolina Geological 2995-3001. Society field trip October 26-27, 1963: South Carolina Div. Hash, L. J., and Van Horn, E. C., 1951, Sillimanite deposits in Geology, Geologic Notes, v. 7, no. 5, p. 31-40. North Carolina: North Carolina Div. Mineral Resources Conrad, S. G., 1960, Crystalline limestones of the Piedmont and Bull, 61, 52 p. mountain regions of North Carolina: North Carolina Div. Heinrich, E. W., 1950, Accessory sulfides in North Carolina Mineral Resources Bull. 74, 56 p. pegmatites: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 248, no. 2, p. 112-123. REFERENCES CITED 123

Heinrich, E. W., 1953, Zoning in pegmatite districts: Am. King, P. B., 1964, Geology of the central Great Smoky Mineralogist, v. 38, nos. 1-2, p. 68-87. Mountains, Tennessee: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper Hillebrand, W. F., 1891, On the occurrence of nitrogen in uranin- 349-C, 148 p. ite and on the composition of uraninite in general: U.S. King, P. B., and Ferguson, H. W., 1960, Geology of northeast- Geol. Survey Bull. 78, p. 43-79. ernmost Tennessee: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 311, Hunter, C. E., 1940, Residual alaskite kaolin deposits of North 136 p. Carolina: Am. Ceramic Soc. Bull., v. 19, no. 3, p. 98-103. King, P. B., Hadley, J. B., Neuman, R. B., and Hamilton, W. B., 1941, Forsterite olivine deposits of North Carolina and 1958, Stratigraphy of the Ocoee series, Great Smoky Moun­ Georgia: North Carolina Div. Mineral Resources Bull. tains, Tennessee and North Carolina: Geol. Soc. America 41, 117 p. Bull., v. 69, p. 947-956. Hunter, C. E., and Hash, L. J., 1949, Halloysite deposits of Kulp. J. L., and Brobst, D. A., 1953, Geologic map of the western North Carolina: North Carolina Div. Mineral Spruce Pine district, North Carolina: U.S. Geol. Survey Resources Bull. 58, 32 p. open-file report. Jaffe, H. W., Gottfried, David, Waring, C. L., and Worthing, 1954, Notes on the dunite and the geochemistry of H. W., 1959, Lead-alpha age determinations of accessory vermiculite at the Day Book deposit, Yancey County, minerals of igneous rocks (1953-1957): U.S. Geol. Survey N.C.: Econ. Geology, v. 49, p. 211-220. Bull. 1097-B, p. 65-148. -1956, Geology of the Bakerville-Plumtree area, Spruce Jahns, R. H., and Lancaster, F. W., 1950, Physical characteris­ Pine district, North Carolina: U.S. Geol. Survey Mineral tics of commereial sheet muscovite in the southeastern Inv. Map MF-97 United States: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 225, 110 p. Kulp, J. L., and Eckelmann, F. D., 1961, Potassium-argon Jahns, R. 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