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QG History Copy.Pdf Chanson of Baron Leutrum THE WAR IN ITALY................................................. 2 In Turin there are Counts, The Springs of War............................................... 2 there are Counts and ladies, The Role of Spain ............................................ 2 there are ladies and barons; The Polish Succession ..................................... 3 they are crying at Baron Leutrum's death. WAR! ............................................................... 4 Baron Leutrum is dead. Dance of the Diplomats ................................... 4 Cry barons, cry, you, ladies, The Naked Queen.................................................. 5 ring the bells, fire the cannons, Modena............................................................. 5 since Baron Leutrum is dead. Retreat .............................................................. 7 Dining at the Savoy .............................................. 7 The King, when he knew Baron Leutrum was ill, A Bad Mistake ................................................. 7 Gave orders to his coachmen; Throwing Down the Gage .................................... 9 He went to visit Baron Leutrum. Battle of Campo Santo: February 8th 1743...... 9 Finishing Touches.......................................... 10 Baron Leutrum is dead, etc. Hannibal Redux .................................................. 11 When he arrived at Madonna dell'Olmo, On to Lombardy!............................................ 11 before entering the city of Cuneo Battle on the Varaita – October 7th-10th 174312 trumpets rang, cannon fired, Roman Holiday................................................... 13 to please Baron Leutrum. The Velletri Campaign .................................. 14 Baron Leutrum is dead, etc. Second Battle of Velletri: August 11th 1744. 15 A Family Affair ................................................... 16 The King, who was there, asked On to Villefranche! ........................................ 17 "Baron Leutrum, how are you?" The Stura ........................................................ 17 "This illness, it will kill me, I have no more hope". The Varaita Again.......................................... 19 Demonte and Cuneo....................................... 19 Baron Leutrum is dead, etc. th Battle of Madonna dell’Olmo: Sept. 30 174420 The King then said to him: The End of the Venture.................................. 21 "Baron Leutrum, screw up your courage; Napoleon’s Blueprints........................................ 22 I will give you gold and silver The Offensive Begins .................................... 24 I will make you the premier general". Battle of Bassignana: September 27th 1745 .. 25 Baron Leutrum is dead, etc. Exilles............................................................. 26 High Tide........................................................ 26 " There is no gold or silver, A Year in Provence............................................. 26 that death will accept in exchange! Bourbon Collapse........................................... 27 There is neither King nor general, Asti ................................................................. 28 that can be saved from death". th The Battle of Piacenza: June 16 1746......... 29 Baron Leutrum is dead, etc. Bourbon Retreat............................................. 30 Further Operations ......................................... 31 "Tell me, Baron Leutrum, Don't you want to be baptized? Last Stand....................................................... 32 I should call for the bishop, The Invasion of Provence.............................. 33 I should be your godparents". Revolt in Genoa ............................................. 33 Death of a Titan.................................................. 34 Baron Leutrum is dead, etc. Operations in the West................................... 35 Baron Leutrum told him: The Col de l’Assiette: July 19th 1747............ 35 "Your Highness be thanked, Final Operations................................................. 37 never can I do that, Allied Invasion of Nice.................................. 37 as a good Protestant or a good Christian. Ventimiglia..................................................... 38 Baron Leutrum is dead, etc. “Cursed Genua” ............................................. 38 Aix-la-Chapelle.............................................. 39 "Tell me, if you have to die, where do you want to be buried? NATIONS & ARMIES.............................................. 40 I will have a gold coffin made for you, I will give you great honours". The Bourbons...................................................... 41 France ............................................................. 41 Baron Leutrum is dead, etc. Spain............................................................... 43 "I will write in my testament, Naples............................................................. 46 I will be buried in Luserna Valley; The Allies ............................................................ 48 In Luserna Valley they will bury me, Austria ............................................................ 49 where my heart has had much rest". The House of Savoy....................................... 50 Baron Leutrum is dead. A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PAPAL STATES................ 52 Cry barons, cry, you, ladies, ring the bells, fire the cannons, since Baron Leutrum is dead. 1 Parma had been part of the price paid to establish her son, Don THE WAR IN ITALY Carlos, at Naples, Spain’s one regional gain. But the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (Sicily and southern Italy) was the most backward THE SPRINGS OF WAR and savage of all the Italian lands. Not only that, but Don Carlos “At this time there is a good opportunity to obtain something felt it would be politic not to place Naples under direct Spanish for the Infant, Don Philip, and at the same time I beg the control, but to rule it independently. King, my nephew, to think of his daughter on this occasion in [Technically, the name Kingdom of the Two Sicilies applies to the order that their children may have something to live upon Napoleonic era. In the 18th Century, there were really two kingdoms – Sicily and may not remain cadets.” and Naples – that shared a joint heritage, and under Don Carlos, a single Philip V of Spain to the King of France, upon the news of the death of ruler (much like Scotland and England). When he later became Carlos VII the Emperor Charles VI in 1740. of Spain, Don Carlos renounced the throne of Naples in favour of his son, and this became standard practice for the family]. Of all the theatres of operation in the War of the Austrian Succession, the Italian is perhaps the most interesting, if not The Role of Spain always the most dramatic. The series of campaigns, opening in At the end of the War of the Spanish Succession, King Philip V of 1742 and closing in 1748, make the Italian war the longest Spain had been forced by his grandfather, Louis XIV of France, to running of any of the subplots to this conflict. Moreover, while accede to the demands of his enemies, giving up his extra-Spanish occurring in physical isolation from the rest of Europe, it still lands in Europe, handing over Gibraltar and Minorca to the British, had tremendous political repercussions. granting the British trade concessions in the Caribbean, and Fought with armies of, on average, less than 40,000 men a side agreeing never to unite his crown with that of France. All of which – often far fewer – the Italian campaigns saw a mixture of was for public consumption. Privately, he reserved the right to masterly inactivity, long marches and countermarches, trial change his mind when a suitable occasion arose. after trial against the Alps, and vicious instants of combat that Despite his smouldering resentment, however, Philip was far to were, proportionally speaking, the most sanguinary of all the indolent to actually do anything, instead allowing his wives to many battles that are incorporated within the War of the govern his actions. His first wife – a political cipher – died in 1714. Austrian Succession. Her replacement turned out to be Elisabeth Farnese, heiress to the The fighting here did for the north Italian state of Piedmont- Duchies of Parma, Piacenza, and the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Sardinia what it did for Prussia, though the motivation was Hand-picked by the powerful Princess Orsini, like the previous different: it turned a middle-ranking power into a dominant queen she was intended to be a mere pawn. This proved a major one. Like Frederick of Prussia, King Carlos Emanuele of error of judgement on the Orsini’s part. Frederick of Prussia once Sardinia’s decisions were driven by regional geopolitics, but called Elisabeth “the Personification of Maternal Blindness, since his lands were at the center of things, rather than on the combining Spartan pride, English obstinacy, Italian finesse, and periphery, best choices were much more difficult to determine. French vanity”. Indeed, because of his success, at not only preserving his state From the first, Elisabeth dominated the Spanish Court and her but also expanding it, Charles Emmanuel III has been deemed hypochondriac husband (who, it may be said, loved her one of, if not the greatest statesman of his time. passionately). For Elisabeth, being the dominating presence was Northern Italy, like the Low Countries, has always been a simply a matter of survival. Spain in the 18th Century was the “cockpit” of war. The more so because of its geographic closest
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