1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2813 to insert •• or in the hands of any owner or holder or of the The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the agent or representative of any such owner or holder " · and in amendments were concurred in. line 7, after the figures "$1,000" to strike out the c~~ma and The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading read " or imprisoned for a period of not exceeding one year, or both the third time, and passed. ' so fined and imprisoned, at the discretion of the court" ; so as Mr. JONES of Washington rose. to make the bill read : Mr. BROUSSARD. Before the Senator moves to adjourn I Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of Agriculture be, and he is would like !o inquire whether when we next take up the cal­ hereby, authorized a.nd directed to collect and publish annually, on endar we Will start where we leave off to-night? dates to be announced by him, statistics or estimates concerning the Mr. JONES of Washington. It is my judgment that we ' grades and staple le.ngth of stocks of cotton, known as the carry-over, ought to do that, and I have no doubt that such an arrange­ on hand op. the 1st of August of each year in warehouses and other ment will be sought to be made, at any rate when we take up establishments of every character in the continental United States; the calendar again. and following such publication each year, to publish, at intervals in Mr. BROUSSARD. I am interested in a bill which we have his discretion, his estimate of the grades and staple lenoooth of cotton nearly reached on the calendar. of the then current crop: Provided, That not less than three such . Mr: JONES of Washington. I am interested in a couple of es~ates shall be published with respect to each crop. In a.ny such bills JUSt beyond the last one considered. statil>tics or estimates published, the cotton which on the date for ADJOURNMENT which such statistics are published may be recognized as tenderable on contracts of sale of cotton for future delivery under the United Mr. JONES of Washington. I move that the Senate adjourn States cotton futures act of August 11, 1916, as amended, shall be The motion was agreed to; and the Senate (at 11 o'clock stated separately from that which may be untenderable under said p. m.) adjourned until to-morrow, Thursday February 3 1927 act as amended. at 12 o'clock meridian. ' ' ' SEC. 2. That the information furnished by any individual establish- ment under the provisions of this act shall be considered as strictly confidential and shall be used only for the statistical purpose' for which HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it is supplied. Any employee of the Department of Agriculture who, WEDNESDAY, February Je, 1927 without the written authority of the Secretary of Agriculture, shall publish or communicate any information given into his possession by The House met at 12 o'clock noon, and was called to order by reason of his employment under the provisions of this act shall be the Speaker. guilty of a misdemeanor and shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined The Ch~plain, Rev. James Shera Montgomery, D. D., offered not less than $300 or more than $1,000, or imprisoned for a period of the followmg prayer : not exceeding one year, or both so fined and imprisoned, at the dis­ Almighty God, the day is Thine; it is full of light and hope· cretion of the court. it wears the smile of Thy love and bears the seal of Thy Smc. 3. That it shall be the duty of every owner, president, treasurer, p~esence; therefore deliver us from the custody of all fear. secretary, director, or other officer or agent of any cotton warehouse, "'e are the people of Thy hand and the sheep of Thy pasture. cotton ginnery, cotton mill, or other place or establishment where Enrich all our lives with higher purposes. Speak to hearts cotton is stored, whether conducted as a corporation, firm, limited that can. not tell their woe. Fill our minds with light, our p~rtnership, or individual, and of any Qwner or bolder of any cotton hea~·ts With peace, and our souls with purity. Keep, 0 keep us and of the agents and representatives of any such owner or holder, until we can not work any more and be there when we fall. when requested by the Secretary of Agriculture or by any special Amen. agent or other employee of the Department of Agriculture acting under the instructions of said Secretary, to furnish completely and correctly, The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and to the best of his knowledge, all of the information concerning the approved. grades and staple length of cotton on hand, and when requested to MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE permit such agent or employee of the Department of Agriculture to examine and classify samples of all such cotton on hand. The request A message from the Senate, by l\Ir. Craven, one of its clerks, of the Secretary of Agriculture for such information may 00 made in a~nounced that ~~e Senate ha!-1 passed without amendment the writing or by a visiting representative and if made in writin" shall l bill H. R. 15011, An act grantmg the consent of Congress to the be forwarded by registered mail, and the registry receipt of th"'e Post 1 Paragould-Hopkins bridge road improvement district, of Greene Office Department shall be accepted as evidence of such demand. Any C?untr,, Ark., to construct a bridge across the St. Francis owner, president, treasurer, secretary, director, or other officer or agent River. of any cotton warehouse, cotton ginnery, cotton mill, or other place The m_essage also announced that the Senate had passed or establishment where cotton is stored, or any owner or holder of ~enat~ bill and Senate joint resolution of the following titles, any cotton or the agent or representative of any such owner or holder m Which the concurrence of the House is requested: who, under the conditions, hereinbefore stated, shall refuse or wil~ S. 4553. An ~ct granting the consent of Congress to the Chesa­ fully neglect to furnish any information herein provided for or shall peake Bay Bndge Co. to construct a bridge across the Cheaa­ wilfully give answers that are false or shall refuse to allow agents or l peake B~y from a point in Baltimore County to a point in Kent employees of the Department of Agriculture to examine or classify , County, m the State of Maryland; and any cotton in store in any such establishment, or in the bands of any j S. J. Res .. 152. Joint re~olut~on t? amend subdivisions (b) and owner or holder or of the agent or representative of any such owner or (e) of section 11 of the rmmigration act of 1924, as amended. holder, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, The message alRo announced that the Senate had passed with shall be fined not less than $300 or more than $1,000. amendments House bill of the following title, in which the con- SEc. 4. The Secretary of Agriculture may coopera-te with any depart- currence of the House is requested : ment or agency of the Government, any State, Tenitory, District, or H. R. 15641. An act making appropriations for the Navy De­ possession, or department, agency, or political subdivision thereof, or partment and the naval service for the fiscal year ending June any person ; and shall have the power to appoint, remove, and fix the 30, 1928, and for other purposes. compensation of such officers and employees, not in conflict with exist­ STATEMENT OF HON. MARTIN B. MADPEN, OF ing law, and ma.ke such expenditures for the purchase of samples of cotton, for rent outside the District of Columbia, printing, telegrams, Mr. WHEELER. Mr. Speaker, on my colleague telephones, books of reference, periodicals, furniture, stationery, office from Illinois [Mr. MADDEN] appeared before the Committee on equipment, travel, and other supplies and expenses as shall be neces­ Military Affairs and made a very interesting statement in re­ sary to the administration of this act in the District of Columbia and gard to the Muscle Shoals proposition. I ask unanimous con­ elsewhere, and there are hereby authorized to be appropriated, out of sent that that statement of his be inserted in the RECORD. any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such sums as The SPEAKER. Is there objection? may be necessary for such purposes. There was no objection. l\fr. WHEELER. Mr. Speaker, under the leave to exteml 1\Ir. KING. Is not that a bill similar to one that was con­ my remarks in the RECORD, I include the ~ollowing : sidered several days ago? Mr. MAYFIELD. It is along the same lines, but this bill HOUSE OF REPRESEXTA.TIVES, confers power on the Secretary of Agriculture to make these COMMITTE\ OY MILITARY .AFFAIRS, reports, and it was introduced by me long before the other bill Monday, Janttary 31, 1927. was !Jrought in. I want to have this bill passed. It is practi­ The committee met at 10.30 o'clock a. m., Ron. JoHx M. MoruN cally the same as the other bill. (chairman) presiding. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to The CHAIRMA~, The committee will come to order. There is not a the committee amendments. quorum present, but if there is no objection, we will proceed. We will The amendments were agreed to. hear Mr. M.u>D.&~. 2814 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 liUSCLE SHOALS period. Under the Ford offer there was no provision awarding the fertilizer plants to the Government free of charge. Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Cbalrman and gentlemen of the committee, i!l 1916, when the national defense act was passed, there was incorporated Under the Cyanamid Co.'s offer, they provide that the annual pro­ duction of fertilizers, after the preliminary period, is to contain 50,000 in that act a provision for the development of Muscle Shoals, and it tons of fixed nitrogen, representing about 312,500 tons of Chilean was declared that when developed, it should be dedicated to the manu­ facture of nitrates in time of war, for the defense of the country, and nitrate. The Ford offer provided for annual production of fertilizers to con­ fertilizer in time of peace, for the restoration of soil fertility. tain not less than 40,000 tons of fixed nitrogen, representing about I think that the1·e was a good deal of doubt in the minds of many as to the wisdom of the Government's entering upon the venture at the 250,000 tons of Chilean nitrate. The Cyanamid Co.'s offer, according to the bill, waives all present time, but the doubt was resolved by the Congress in favor of the and future royalties on processes owned now and hereafter. These venture. royalties amount to $1,200,000 per year on the nitrogen-fixing process We have had to depend on Chile in ·a large measure for nitrates alone, if the Government opeL·ates Nitrate Plant No. 2. for our country's defense, and if the establishment of some institution The Ford proposal contained no provision waiving royalties. of our own would make us independent of any other nation and would The lease periotl under the American Cyanamid Co.'s offer is ·50 provide the means of manufacturing our own nitrates, everybody finally years without preferred right to negotiate for renewal, whereas the agreed that it would be wise to establish it. lease- period under the Ford offer was for a hundred years with pre- There has been a good deal of contention since the act was passed ferred right to negotiate for renewal. . as to whether Muscle Shoals would be fully developed. Sometimes Under the Cyanamid Co.'s offer, the Government retains about there bas been contention as to whether we ought to continue making $2,000,000 worth of supplies which have been sold or transferred since appropriations to complete the work ; but all action finally taken the date of the Ford offer. resolved itself in favor of , proceeding to place the establishment in "Cnder the Ford offer, these supplies were to have become the prop­ a state of preparedness for use by the Government whenever needed. erty of Mr. Fortl's company. I think it is fair to say that most of the men who have served The offer of the American Cyanamid Co. provides that deficiencies in the Congress during the period of the construction of this plant in interest below 4 per cent as provided in the Ford offer are made have not been in favor of Government ownership or operation. They up with interest during the lease period. were willing to have the Government lead the way by making the Under the offer of ~ir. Ford deficiencies in interest amounting investment for the completion of the plant, but after that happened, to $10,000,000 during the first six years on Dam No. 2 and the fir~>t most of them would prefer, I believe, to see the operation conducted three years on Dam No. 3, are not made up at any time. by private hands, always mindful of the fact, of course, of the To the Nation there are some compensating advantages in the ac­ necessity of protecting the Government's interests. ceptance of the offer of the American Cyanamid Co., although the We have invested $12G,OOO,OOO to date. If we should invest $125,· loss of the Ford proposal was a serious one. 000,000 more, and then should take those two items of $125,000,000 Under the Ford offer, our nitrate plants would have gone to Mr. each and more, and make that as a contribution to the creation Ford. Under the offer of the American Cyanamid Co., our nitrate of soil fertility, we would be doing the best act, in my judgment, plants remain our propeL·ty. We merely lease them. Moreover, ·all that the Government has ever done. fertilizer plants constructed by the American Cyanamid Co. or its It must be clear to everybody that sooner or later we will have subsidiru:ies on the leased premises at their own expense become Gov­ to enter upon a very active campaign to put the soil back to its ernment property without charge at the eud of the lease period. virgin state if we are going to continue to prosper agriculturally. Mr. Ford did not provide for such an arrangement. If no other States of the Union were to benefit by any investment The annual production of fertilizers after the preliminary period made by the Government than these Southern States surrounding in the Cyanamid offer is to be sufficient to contain 50,000 tons of this plant, and even if Congress confined its action to the restoration fixed nitrogen, as I said, representing 312,500 tons of Chilean nitrate. of the productivity of the soli there, Congress ought to be applauded, In the Ford offer the annual production was to be not less than because it is needed there as much as any place in the United States, 40,000 tons, representing 250,000 of Chilean nitrate. and perhaps more. The duty to the Chilean Government alone on 312,500 tons of nitrate New England is interested in the restoration of its soil fertility, is about $3,500,000, which our farmers will no longer be . required to and it will not be long before we shall have to make a national cam­ pay each year, if this offer is accepted. The Cyanamid Co. propose paign. It will have to be aggressive, it will have to be in earnest, and to make nitrogen enough for 2,500,000 tons of 2-8-2 fertilizer which it will bave to be continuous, if we are going to compete agriculturally is enough for 500,000 tons a year over and above that proposed by with the world. All the rest of the world keeps up its soil. We have Mr. Ford. forgotten to do that. But we will ha?e to begin to think about it, The Cyanamid Co. waives aU present and future. royalties on fer· if we pave not already begun, and I hope that when this question of tilizers or fertilizer processes which they or their subsidiary or allied Muscle Shoals is disposed of, 1t will be so disposed of as to make a companies now own or acquire in the future. The royalties on the start in restoring soil fertility, cyanamid process when Nitrate Plant No. 2 is operated for the produc­ It is now about four years since I addressed the House of Repre· tion of 40,000 tons of fixed nitrogen amount to $1,200,000 annually sentatives in favor of the acceptance of the Ford offer for Muscle under a contract with the United States. The company also has Shoals. It was proposed then to sell this plant to Mr. Ford, or lease valuable patents covering necessary methods for the production of a part of it for a period of 100 years. In the course of my remarks concentrated fertilizers, and no royalties are to be charged on any of touching the acceptance of the Ford offer, I made this statement: them. There was no provision in the Ford offer for waiving of " The Government will have been freed from all the hazards attend· royalties. ant upqn such a vast enterprise, it will have been saved the expense Mr. Ford's proposal was for 100 years, after which be was to have of research and experimentation "-because Mr. Ford agreed to enter the preferred rights to negotiate for the renewal of the lease. The upon a campaign of research, to discover the best methods of advancing majority of the House saw no particular objection to that in view of agriculture to a better and more profitable state-" • • • and the the public service which Mr. Ford was to perform. burden will have fallen upon others to keep these plants equipped to The Cyanamid Co.'s lease, however, is for 50 years, with no pre­ conform with the march of progress." ferred right at the end of that time, an arrangement which objectors I also said to the Members of the House at that time: to the length of the Ford lease will consider preferable. " Do you wish to sink another $109,000,000 into this Muscle Shoals Under the Ford offer Mr. Ford would have received title to all project?" That was an estimate of what it would have cost to materials and supplies in storage at the nitrate plant. Since the complete the enterprise and attempt to operate it ourselves. Later on, date of his proposal, July 8, 1921, about $2,000,000 worth of mate­ I had the honor of appearing before this committee. It was in Jan- ' rials and supplies have been sold or transferred by the Government, uary, three years ago, at which time I urged you to make a favorable leaving about $500,000 worth of such materials still on hand. report to the House on the Ford offer, and I repeated to you what I Under the Cyanamid offer the company does not get the $2,000,000 stated to the House in February, 1923. worth of supplies at all, and since the property is to be leased, the Now I come and ask you to give favorable consideration to a bill company must return the equivalent of the $300,000 worth of materials which I introduced which is known as the Cyanamid Co.'s offer. I at the end of the lease period. · want to tell you the difference between the two offers and how much Both leases provide a reduction in interest payments during the first better in my judgment the Cyanamid Co.'s offer is than the Ford six years of _the lease of Dam No. 2 and the first three years of the offer was. lease of Dam No. 3. The deficit below 4 per cent arising in this way Under the offer of the Anrerican Cyanamid Co., the Government amounts to $10,836,000. retains title to the nitrate plants. Under the Ford offer, the nitrate In the Cyanamid offer this amount is made up to the Government plants were to be sold to Mr. Fora for $5,000,000. with interest during tbe lense period ; in the Ford offer it was not to Under the Cyanamid offer, all fertilizer plants constructed by the be made up at any time. American Cyanamid Co. at its own expense on the leased premises While Mr. Ford has abundant means to pay for getting experience, becom~ Government property without charge at the end of the lease the fact remains that his company is entirely without experience in 1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2815 the production of· air-nitrogen concentrated fertilizers. The Cyanamid fertilizers, containing not less than 50,000 tons of nitrogen, and they Co., on the other hand, is the only producer of air-nitrogen fertilizer will need operating capital in addition to this $35,000,000. in the United States. They have been engaged successfully in nitrogen The question is, Shall we accept the Cyanamid Co.'s offer requiring • fixation, using Niagara Falls power, for nearly 20 years and are manu­ a capitalization of $50,000,000 with $35,000,000 of this needed for facturing on a large scale the same concentrated fertilizers that they revision and extension of plants and operating capital besides, or shall would produce at Muscle Shoals under their proposal. we adopt Government operation and spend $50,000,000 more at Muscle After three years, then, I come back to you to-day with a better Shoals and give the farmers no fertilizer and get no return on the offer than Henry Ford's. I am not interested personally in this offer capital and only waste the $50,000,000 and all that has gone before? or in anybody connected with the offer. I want that distinctly under­ If it will save this Government and our Treasury from wasting $50,- stood. I am interested in the prosperity of agriculture and hence the 000,000 at Muscle Shoals, then I am in favor of authorizing the appro­ prosperity of the country. And I appeal to you to make a favorable priations required under the Cyanamid offer for the building of Dam report on the bill and let us save the Government from experiments No. 3 and Cove Creek Dam. I stand in favor of the appropriations at Mu cle Shoals that will cost millions. Let us save the Government necessary to build these dams and get 4 per cent upon their cost and from the operation of the fertilizer plants at Muscle Shoals that will finally the return of the principal rather than to waste $50,000,000 lose millions of dollars on top of millions if it is operated by the more in experiments and the failure of Government operation at Muscle Government. Shoals. One is sound business, and the other is a crazy thing to do, if We may pass on, as far as the offer of the 13 allied power companies I may be allowed to use that expression. is concerned, because that offer bas been declared to be without con­ The case before this committee is not a decision between the power sideration, void, and unenforceable; and, besides, the power otl:'er pro­ companies' offer and Government operation. The power companies' poses to experiment. My position has not changed in the past four oft'er is dead, and it never will be resurrected, in my judgment, since I years, and I stand now against all fertilizer experiments at Muscle fear it is true that the majority in the House will in the end prefer Shoals, either by the power companies or by the Government. to vote for Government operation rather than to ever vote for the There is a fine place in the industrial life of the United States for power companies to have Muscle Shoals. The decision that you now the power companies. They serve a useful purpose. They are doing have to make is between the acceptance of the Cyanamid Co.'s offer a wonderful thing in the development of power and its distribution. that will save the Government millions upon millions of dollars and They are ma1.-ing for better conditions in many neighborhoods. I have GovernmE'nt operation which will lose the Government millions on top no complaint to make of them. I am not here to denounce them or to of millions of dollars. say anything againstllthem. But, at best, you could not use the power The farmers ask fertilizer relief at Muscle Shoals. They are not that is created at Muscle Shoals through the power companies except asking for much. They have a right to ask it; in fact, we have prom­ as a local enterprise. ised it to them, and now let us fulfill our promise by accepting the Why do I say that? You can not distribute successfully or profitably Cyanamid Co.'s oft'er. power for power purposes that may be created here or anywhere else The farmers are only asking the dedication of this plant to the pur­ for more than 300 miles. So that when you limit the scope of an poses for which it was originally constructed. · They want the faith of activity to 300 miles you are bound to make 1t a local institution, the Government kept by the utilization of the agency that has been whereas the manufacture of fertilizer and the purposes for which it is createa by the money of the people for the purpose for which it was to be used are just as wide as the Nation. created, that is all. If we are going to invest Government money in anything less than To tell the farmers that water power at Muscle Shoals should not be a national proposition, we ought to know about it. If there were no used to make fertilizers is to mock, in my judgment, at their needs other use for this power, I would hail the entry of the power companies when more than 3,000,000 horsepower can be developed on the Tennes­ into this proposition. see River. But as the servants of the American people, as the public servants The acceptance of the Cyanamid Co.'s offer will give us whl!-t we seek. of the Nation, we ought to do everything within our power, as far as We are seeking to find a practical means of helping our farmers. we can see the right way to do it, for the advancement of the best Muscle Shoals is our opportunity to do this, and yet for seven or eight interests of as many of all the people as possible and not for just a few. years we have had nothing but talk and controversy. So I stand unalterably committed to the policy of the utilization or Is there any better evidence than just that one thing alone of the Muscle Slloals for the national problem of defense in time of war and impotency of Government agencies in trying to do business? You can tbe national problem of prosperity iu time of peace by the creation of not do it, because there will be so many fellows trying to grab it away fertilizer and its utilization by the people who are engaged in agricul­ from the Government and from each other, that there will be no ture, without whose prosperity we all suffer. chance for tbe Government to function, and they will all have advo­ I am opposed to Government operation of any sort at Muscle Shoals. cates. There will be men from every section of the country tt·ying to I have been OPposed to Government operation anywhere because, by keep it for the benefit of their own constituents. You will not have a the favor of the House of Representatives, I am in a position which majority on anything at any time. We can not help that; that is part gives me just a little better insight into the waste that comes from of the game. It is a part of our institutions. the expenditure of Government money by Government agencies than But just let us forget our local political interests for a moment or are most men. I do not claim any clearer vision than that of anybody two. It would not take over an hour, if we would forget that, to put else, no greater patriotism, no greater interest in the Nation's welfare, this thing on a basis where it would be beyond controversy forever. than any of the other Members of Congress. But they have given me All we have to do is to make up our minds and then act on our own the chance, as the servent of the House, to study, and they have made judgment instead of looking back to see who is disapproving our it obligatory upon me to study, in order that I may be able to report actions. to them at different times, the efficiency or inefficiency of Government It is my judgment that the time has come to act and to show the agents in the transaction of Government business, as compared with country that the House of Representatives can deal with the Muscle private agents in the transaction of private business, and in the Shoals problem in an effective and business-like way ; and, of course, expenditure of their own money where they are required to make a we are not talking for any one but the House of Representatives. profit. We do not go so far as to get into the Senate on this matter. It is So I come to you opposed to Government operation. I am opposed to not the fault of the House that Mr. Ford's proposal was lost, and it any experimentation by the Government at Muscle Shoals, because we is not their fault that Muscle Shoals power to-day is going to the have lost $13,500,000 in our experiments at Nitrate Plant No. 1. We Alabama Power Co. instead of being utilized for the manufacture of tht·ew it away, after we spent the money. cheaper and better fertilizers, as we intended it should be. I am opposed to the experiments proposed by the power companies Let us promptly and decisively accept this offer that is before us to build a new air-nitrogen fixation plant at Muscle Shoals, to cost and then if this opportunity also is lost, the blame for that loss can some $20,000,000, on which the farmers will have to pay $1,000,000 not be laid at the door of the House of Representatives. annually in interest alone, and let our present nitrate plant rust I want to say to you gentlemen right here that the House of Rep­ down, and with interest and depreciation charges together the experi­ resentatives is the place fot• this le~;.'isla tion to originate. It authorizes ment proposed by the power companies will cost the farmers $2,000,000 appropriations and we should take the initiative in voting upon it-we a year. I am against experiments at Muscle Shoals; I am in favor of should not wait for the Senate to act first. experience. The lease proposed in my bill is backed by the successful This committee, I feel sure, has the necessary information. You experience of the American Cyanamid Co. in producing fertilizers, and have the facts to favorably report the bill, and when you report it to the terms of the lease are better than the terms of the Ford offer. the House, the Hou e will have the courage and the statesmanship to Since this committee in 1924 made a favorable report on the Ford pass the bill with a majority larger than the Ford offer received. offer, you should not hesitate to report favorably on my bill, because Do not listen to anybody who may tell you it will do no good for the it is better than the ~ord offer. Honse to act because the Senate will not act. Let this committee give The American Cyanamid Co. knows by its experience that it must the House the opportunity to vote on the Cyanamid offer and pass it provide for a capitalization of $50,000,000 to carry out the obligations and fulfill the obligation of the House to the farmers of the country. of their proposal. The Cyanamid Co. estimates that of this capital Let the Senate exercise its own responsibility for either failure or '35,000,000 will be necessat·y to mnke needed alterations in our nitrate success. That is the way I stand. Let us discharge ow- responsi­ fiiant and extensions for fertilizer plants that will produce concentrated Ibilities and let the Senate do likewise. 2816 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 All of you remember John C. McKenzie. He was one of your hon­ Mr. JAMES. Mr. MADDEN, you have been in contact with business for ored members here for a long time, and was chairman of the committee a good many years. for some time. I received this letter from him to-day, which I ask Mr. MADDEN. Well, I devoted my life to it as an engineer. the {}rivilege of reading-and then I shall be through. Mr. JAMES. If you bad to bid on a contract on which there were two . It is dated Elizabeth, Ill., , 1927 : other bidders, and If you found that the architect who bad the approval " I have just read your bill for the disposition of Muscle Shoals, and of the contract had solicited money from t11e two other bidders to pay I agree With your statement I saw in the press that it is a better bill the expenses of your office, what chance would you have to get the than the Ford bill, and is, in fact, a real fertilizer proposal and not conh·act, in your opinion? a power proposition." Mr. M~DDEX. I do not know what the gentleman is referring to, but I have not seen John McKenzie since be left here, since he served it is fair to assume that if any one of the three co-ntractors or two, as last on the committee. the case may be, had a man on the inside who had the power to decide "In my judgment, your bill offers a solution of this problem which the questions, that contractor would be likely to have the best chance should be acted upon by Congress without delay. It would end this of getting it- controversy for 50 years, and gives promise of great assistance to the Mr. JA;)IES. What is your opinion of any Government official who agricultural interests of our country. solicit· money from applicants !or power sites to pay the running "Inasmuch as fertilizer at reasonable pl'ices is the one great thing expenses of his office, or a part of them? to be sought !or in this matter, in addition to national defense, it Mr. MADDEN. I think that the Government ought to be big enough to occw·s to me that it would be a splendid thing to have the profits on run on its own expenses. That is the way I ferl about it. No one in all surplus power sold credited on the cost of fertilizer, thereby re­ the Government service ought to be allowed to ask any outsider to pay ducing the cost that much to the farmers, instead of turning it over any part of the expenses. to the Secretary of War." M1·. JAMES. We had two witnesses before us the other day. This I agree with that. I think tbat that is what ought to be done instead 4 committee tried to pin these gentlemen down to an agreement that, of, as the bill provides, going to the Secretary of War. Let it go in case Congress did not take action on Muscle Shoals, they would toward a reduction of price. do nothing with Cove Creek Dam until the next session. We could " I can see no objection to this; and inasmuch as it would be im­ not get them to agree to that. As one member of the committee, I material to the lessee, the Government could with good grace make should like to ask you, as chairman of the Appropriations Committee, this concession to the agricultural interests, which in every way seems to whom the Secretary of War and the Secretat·• of Agriculture and to me to be commendable. the Secretary of the Interior have to com~ for their appropriations, " The guaranties !or the production of fertilizer are fair and reason­ to write each of these gentlemen a personal letter to the effect that able, which, coupled with the incentive to produce fertilizer 'based on in yot1r opinion nothing should be done with refet·ence to the awarding the only profit to the lessee, under the terms of your bill, gives certain or these 11 dam sites until Congress has a chance to ettle the assurance of performance; and while we might quibble over some minor proposition. details in your bill, no bill can be drawn that would be exactly perfect and entirely satisfactory to everyone, and especially to those who desire Mr. MADDEN. I think that we did that some time ago; we have to see this great plant turned over to the power companies. already done that. "Your bill provides for the use of well-known and established Mr. JAllES. That is all. processes of manufacture, and is not based on the speculative ideas Mr. i\1ADDE" . I shall be glad, of course, to answer any que:;:tions of dreamers of new and wonderful processes which up to this time that I am able to answer. have resulted mostly in failures and bankruptcy to those who were Mr. HILL of Alabama. I do not want to ask Mr. Madden any ques­ credulous enough to undertake the venture. It provides for the leasing tions, but before he leaves, as a representative on this committee, of the property to a lessee trained and experienced in the manufacture belonging to a difl'erent party than his, and coming from .\labama and production of fertilizer material, and it will not be a leap in the where Muscle Shoals is located, I for one want to express my appre­ dark so far as expectant results are concerned ; it is a sound, sRne ciation of the very magnificent statemc>nt that Mr. Madden has business proposition, and should be accepted. made here tbis morning, and of the help he is trying to give this " I am firmly of the opinion that the Government should keep control committee, and for his interest shown in this matter by the introduc­ of the Cove Creek reservoir. It is also my judgment that in the event tion of his bill. hereafter of the construction of other dams in the River, Mr. McSwAIN. We all concur in that statement. which would be benefited by the Government development at Cove Mr. MADDJ<;~. Thank you very mach.

Creek, hydroelectric developments so con tructed should be required NAVY DEPARTMENT APPROPRIATIO~ BILL to pay a fair and just contribution for the benefits derived, and the proceeds of such contributions should certainly be app1ied and credited Mr. FRENCH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to take in the reduction of the cost of fertilizer produced at Muscle Shoals. fr?m. the ~pea~er's table the bill H. R. 15641, the naval appro­ " I am fully persuaded that your bill represents the only hope for pnatwn bill, w1th Senate amendments, di agree to all the Sen­ final solution at this session of Congress, and this can be accomplished ate amendments, and ask for a conference. only by prompt action on the part of the Committee on Military Affairs, 'l'he SPEAKER. The gentleman from Idaho a ks unanimous which has always been equal to the occasion on this matter, and I have consent to take from the Speaker's table the bill 156-U the every confidence in the membership of that committee as now constituted, naval appropriation bill, disagree to all the Senate amenum'ents and then by prompt and favorable action by the Committee on Rules, and ask for a conference. The Clerk will report the bill by which committee I have eyery reason to believe wiH gi>e the legisla­ title. tion the right of way for action by the House, and if this is done I The Clerk read as follows : am loath to think that the Senate would prevent action at this session, A bill (H. R. 15641) making appropriations for the Navy Drpartment and longer continue this apparently interminable struggle between the and the naval service for the fiscal year en(}lng June 30, 1928, and for friends of national defense and the agricultural interests on the one other purposes. side, and the friends of the power companies on the other. Surely, it must be apparent to all that what the people of our country desire The SPEAKER. Is there objection? is to have this matter concluded and on a basis which will carry out Mr. GARRETT of Tenne. ee. Reserving the right to object, the intent of section 124 of the national defense act, thereby pre­ Mr. Speaker, I would like to ask the gentleman from I

Mr. LAGUARDIA. I am talking about a hospital patient. :Mr. SUTHERLAl'.~. Oh, no; the hospital services wer-e paid Take our city hospitals, our Government hospitals, or our for separately. State hospitals; there is oaly one kind of patient received Mr. LAGUARDIA. It included the assistance which the hos­ there, either a State or city or Government patif;nt, and a pri­ pital ga >e in the performance of the operation? vate surgeon could not bring a pai\ient there to treat, to cure, Mr. SUTHERLAND. The patient paid for all that. That or to operate upon. was outside of his fees as a surgeon. This only applies to his :Mr. SUTHERLAND. 'l'ake one of our Public Health Serv­ fees from private patients. ice hospitals here in Washin,gton; surely he can operate there. As I said before, if the manager of the railroad had said to l\Ir. L.l.GUARDIA. True: if it is a private hospital or if Doctor Beson you may have all you receive from private prac­ the patient goes there aR a private- patient and the doctor treats tice--when a patient comes 200 miles away for treatment we him ; hut that

The gentleman stated a while ago that Doctor Beson had with ho~pitals. You are going to create a class in that hospital the right to refuse to operate on a patient if he wanted to. of public patients who can not afford to pay, - and they are That is an outrageous condition. I was raised in Arizona, going to be neglected. It is only natural, it is human, if this and when at Fort Huachua the only hospital was a Government doctor is going to get paid by private people, for him to give hospital at a military post. Anyone not a soldier who re­ more attention to them and n~glect the public patients. quired immediate treatment could get it at that hospital. A · Mr. SUl\Il\IERS of Washington. Will the gentleman permit prospector or any citizen who happened to be in those parts me to point out this fact, that the only way that this surgeon is and in need of immediate medical treatment was not turned going"to secure a wide practice and opportunity of participating away, but the Army doctor would not charge him ·a private fee. in many fees will be by doing efficient work on all of his Mr. SUTHERLAND. Yes; in a private hospital. The doc­ patients? tors felt that it was a privilege to go there in order that they l\Ir. L.AGUARDIA.. Yes. might treat outside patients. That is a practice which has Mr. SU:M~!ERS of Washingon. And that is what happens in been in vogue in Ala ·ka ever since the militacy force went isolated territories, where everyone knows the re ult of all there. operations. It is different in a city, where nobody knows what Mr. LAGUARDIA.. It is wrong. Where you have a hospital anybody else does, or what the results may be. in an isolated place, such as the gentleman points out, you Mr. LAGUARDIA. I want to say to my medical colleague have to accord equal facilities and equal h·eatment and care that if this agreement was entered into with Doctor Beson, of to all of your patient . course we are in honor bound to go through with it and pay. Mr. SUTHERLAND. Yes; but are you going to let the We should strike from this bill the word "hereafier." The public come to this hospital? Committee on Territories, or the proper committee, whatever .Mr. LAGUARDIA. If the public is to be charged, let them it may be, should bfing in a bill and provide a decent, adequate pay for their treatment, but ·let that sum go into the hospital salary for the man performing this kind of work. The hospital fund. I do not want the doctor to be in a position where he in Alaska is no different from other hospitals, nor are the will say, "I am not going to treat Mr. X in room 100 because people connected with it different from other men. They have he and I can not agree on my fee." the same weaknesses, and you can not get away from it. You Mr. SUTHERLA.l'>."D. When it comes to the salary of a are going to destroy the very purpose of that ini=ltitution. physician, if the Committee on Territories should come before Mr. DO\VELL. There being no further desire for time I ask this House with a proposition to pay a surgeon several hundred for a reading of the resolution. ' dollars or a thousand dollars a month in that hospital to treat The Clerk read as follows: the general public, how far does the gentleman think we would Resolt•ed, eto., That the President is hereby authorized to cause to be get with it? paid from hospital receipts or other funds of the Alaska Railroad the Mr. LAGUARDIA.. But the gentleman does not get my point. amounts heretofore or hereafter accruing to surgeons of the railroad We do not have to h·eat the general public. If they can afford under any agreements relating to fees collected in cases not entitled to to pay, they will pay, but let that money go into a fund in the free treatment under the hospital regulations of the railroad. Treasury, or wherever it belongs. The moment you permit your doctor to charge private fees in a public institution, you Mr. LAGUARDIA.. Mr. Chairman, I offer the following are demoralizing that institution and you are destroying its amendment. On page 1, line 5, strike out the words "or here­ purpose, because those that can pay will get the treatment and after." I will not take any time to debate the amendment. the public patients will not. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment. Mr. DOWELL. Mr. Chairman, I think the gentleman does The question was taken, and the amendment was rejected. not understand the situation in Alaska. The gentleman should Mr. DOv\~ELL. Mr. Chairman, I move that the committee do take into consideration the fact that this is the only hospital now rise and report the resolution to the House with the recom­ within three or four hundred miles and the only opportunity mendation that the same do pass. for anyone to be served by a hospital. It seems to me that the The motion was agreed to. gentleman's contention is not well taken. Accordingly the committee rose; and the Speaker having re­ Mr. LAGUARDIA. Let the patients who can afford it and sumed the chair, Mr. MICHENER, Chairman of the Committee are not entitled to free treatment come in and let them pay, of the Whole House on the state of the Union, 1·eported that but take that money and put it into the funds of the hospital that committee hnving had under consideration House Joint or of the Treasury of the United States or wherever it belongs. Resolution 9G, had directed him to report the same back with Do not permit the doctor to enter into a private agreement the recommendation that the resolution do pass. with the patients in a public hospital. It should not be done. Mr. DOWELL. Mr. Speaker, I move the previous que. tion .Mr. SUMMERS of Washington. But what sort of ~ salary on the resolution . are you going to pity a competent surgeon to handle the hospital The previous question was ordered. in the way that the gentleman speaks of? The joint resolution was ordered to be engrossed and read Mr. LAGUARDIA. An adequate salary. the third time, was read the third time, and passed. Mr. SUMMERS of Washington. What does the gentleman On motion of :Mr. DowELL, a motion to reconsider the vote by mean by an adequate salary. Such salaries as they are in the which the joint resolution was passed was laid on the table. habit of paying, of course, would not enlist the services of a RELIEF OF SPECIAL DISBURSING AGENT, .ALASKAN E...'IGINEERING COM­ thoroughly competent surgeon. It seems to me that in order MISSION, ETC. to get the best possible service for all, you had better have an 1\lr. DOWELL. Mr. S~aker, I desire to call up House Joint agreement whereby you can get a high-class surgeon both for Resolution 243. the Government people and for the citizens outside of the The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Iowa calls up the joint Government service. resolution which the Clerk will report. Mr. LAGUARDIA. The gentleman who is himself a physi­ The Clerk read as follows : sion knows that this practice is bad in a public institution. Mr. SUMMERS of Washington. If it were down here where Joint resolution (H. J. Res. 243) for the relief of special disbursing there are other hospitals, yes; but when it is like this, an iso­ agents of the Alaskan Engineering Commission or of the Alaska Rail­ lated loc&tion, I do not think so. road. Mr. LAGUARDIA. Would it not be better if we paid them The SPEAKER. This joint resolution is on the Union jJalen­ an adequate salary and let these funds go into a hospital fund dar and automatical1y the House resolves itself into the Com­ or wherever it belongs toward paying the salary? That has mittee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. been the policy in every public institution in this country. Accordingly the House resolved itself into the Committee of 1.\Ir. SUMMERS of Washington. If you are willing to pay the Whole House on the state of the Union, with Mr. LEAVITT such a salary as will secure a thoroughly competent man. in the chair. ~Ir. LAGUARDIA. We have competent men in the public The CHAIRMAN. The House is in Committee of the Whole hospitals all over the counh·y. My city pays decent salaries to House on the state of the Un~on for the consideration of such men. Of course, you can not have visiting surgeons out House Joint Resolution 243, which the Clerk will report. in Alaska, and that is all the more reason why we should bnng The Clerk read as follows: in a bill and pay the bead surgeon and the head medical man a House joint resolution (H. J. Res. 243) for the relief of special dis­ decent salary. You are going to destroy the purpose of your hospital. Of course, you will pass this bill to-day, but I say bursing agents of the Alaskan Engineering Commi sion or of the Alaska to my f-riend from Alaska that he will rue this day. The gen­ Railroad. tleman is always right on territorial matters affecting this MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE Territory, but this once, I fear, he is mistaken. I know it is The committee informally rose; and the Speaker having a mistake on account of my own experience as a city official resumed the chair, a message from the Senate by 1\!r. CraYen, 1927 CQNGRESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE 2835 one of its c1erks, announced that the Senate insists upon its f On motion of Mr. Dow·ELL, a motion to reconsider the vote amendments to the bill (H. R. 15641) entitled "An act making I by which the joint resolution was passed was laid on the table. appropriations for th~ Navy Department and the naval service IMPROVEMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF OVERLAND COMMU~IC.ATION ON for the fi cal year ending June 30, 1928, and for other purposes," THE SE;W.ARD PENINSULA ALASKA disagreed to by the House of Representatives, and agrees to Mr D . ' . the conference asked by the House on the d isagreeing votes · . OWELL. Mr. Speaker, I des1re to call up House Jomt of the two Houses thereon, a nd had appointed as conferees on Resolution No. 73. . . the part of the Senate 1\lr. HALE, 1\Ir. PHIPPS, Mr. PEPPER, Mr. The ~PEAK.ER. The gentle~an from Iowa calls up the JOmt SWANSON, and Mr. GLASS. resolution which the Clerk w1ll report. The Clerk read as follows : MESSAGE FP.OM THE PRESIDENT House joint reselution (H. J. Res. 73) authorizing the improvement A message in writing from the President of the United of the system of overland communications on the Seward Peninsula, States was communicatecl t o the House by Mr. Latta, one of Alaska. his secreta ries, who also announced that the President did, on the following dates, approve House bills of the following num­ · The SPEAKER. This bill is on the Union Calendar, and bers and titles : automatically the House resolves itself into the Committee • of On , 1927: the Whole House on the state of the Union. H. R. 15008. An act making appropriations for the Department Accordingly the House resolved itself into the Committee of of Agriculture for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1928, and for the Whole House on the state of the Union, with Mr. LEAVITT other purposes. in the chair. On , 1927: The CHAIRMAN. The House is in Committee of the Whole H. R. 14236. An act granting the consent of Congress to the House on the st.ate of the Union for the consideration of House police jury of Rapides Parish, La., to construct a bridge across Joint Resolution 73, which the Clerk will report. Red River at or near Boyce, La. ; and The Clerk read as follows : H. R. 11616. An act authorizing the construction. repair, and House joint resolution (H. J. Res. 73) authorl.zing the improvement preservation of certain public works on rivers and harbors, and of the system of overland communications on the Seward Peninsula, for other purposes. Alaska. On , 1927: H. R. 7555. An act to authorize, for the fiscal years ending 1\lr. DOWELL. 1\lr. Chairman, I yield 30 minutes to the June 30, 1928, and June 30, 1929, appropriations for carrying gentleman from Alaska [1\Ir. SuTHERLAND]. out the provisions of the act entitled "An act for the promotion l\Ir. SUTHERLAND. 1\lr. Chairman and gentlemen of the of the welfare and hygiene of maternity and infancy, and for committee, this is nouse Joint Resolution 73, authorizing an other purposes," approYed NoYember 23, 1921, and for other improved system of overland communications on the Seward purposes ; and Peninsula. The section of the country where it is proposed to H. R. 16164. An act to amend the act entitled "An act to amend build this tramroad is in extreme northwestern Alaska. The the Panama Canal act and other laws applicable to the Canal section of Alaska projected here on the map is known as the Zone, and for other purposes," approved December 29, 1926. Seward Peninsula, lying really between the A1·ctic Ocean and On , 1927 : . Bering Sea. In the early days of the great Nome bonanza H. R. 14557. An act making appropriations for the Treasury placer camp there was a little narrow-gauge railroad for a and Post Office Departments for the fiscal year ending June distance of about 7 or 8 miles to the mines, and through the 30, 1928, and for other purposes; and years as the mining developed through the interior of this sec­ H. R. 15012. An act to amend the act entitled "An act to tion they kept on projecting the road until finally it extended to extend the time for the completion of the municipal bridge a distance of 87 miles into the interior. With the decline of the approaches, and extensions or additions thereto by the city of bonanza placer claims, the use for the railroad also declined. St. Louis within the States of Illinois and Missouri," approYed That is, with decliniug placer mining the revenue from the February 13, 1924, railroad declined very materially, until it could no longer be On , 1927: operated at a profit by the private owners, and then the Terri­ H. R. 15530. An act to extend the time for the construction tory of Alaska appropriated money and bought the railroad, of a bridge across Red River at Fulton, Ark. with the franchise and everything that went with it. The Ter­ On February 1, 1927 : ritory has maintained it as a tramroad whereon riny citizen of H. R. 15014. An act granting the consent of Congress to the Alaska may place his little cart and hitch a dog team and haul city of Quincy, State of Illinois, its successors and assigns, to his supplies for a distance of 87 miles into the interior. They construct, maintain, and operate a bridge across the Mississippi have improved the road considerably, acting in cooperation RiYer; and with the Alaskan Road Commission of the Federal Govern­ H. R. 15642. An act granting the consent of Congress to the ment within the last two or three year , until to-day gas loco­ State of Michigan and Berrien County, or either of them, to motives operate upon it very successfully. I'econstruct, maintain, and operate a bridge across the St. There was a period during the decline when the road got in Joseph RiYer. bad condition and when they abandoned the little locomotiYes that were used on it. for the reason that their use was rather RELIEF OF SPECIAL DISBURSING .AGENTS, ALASKAN ENGINEERING dangerous, and so -they vent entirely to little hand cars COMMISSION, ETC. hauled by dogs, and in some cases they were hauled by horses. The committee resumed its session. Gradually the section far to the north of this development 1\lr. DOWELL. As there is no desire to speak, I ask that has been developed as a mining country and as a reindeer the resolution be read for amendment. country, and this resolution is an authorization of a continua­ The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the resolution. tion of this road, in part in connection with wagon roads, in The Clerk read as follows: part to the northern section, which is known as the Candle Resolved, etc., That the General Accounting Office is hereby author­ or Kotzebue region. ized and dixected to credit in the accounts of the special disbursing The question that naturally would arise when you glance agents of the Alaskan Engineering Commission sums heretofore dis­ at this map [indicating] is that there appears to be water allowed by that office on account of payments made to certain Army navigation around that peninsula from Nome to the mining officers by Army pay officers, and the payments made to the said section. That is true, but that navigation is closed for the officers as officers of the Army are hereby validated covering the greater part of the year. Ships can not go in there until the period from July 1, 1921, to February 28, 1922. middle of July, and it is not safe to venture into the Arctic after September. So you see there are many months in the 1\lr. DOWELL. 1\lr. Chairman, I moYe that the committee year when it is impossible to reach that section by water, do now rise and report the joint resolution to the House with and the situation would be relieved by the construction of this the recommendation that the same do pass. h·am road. The motion was agreed to. l\Ir. RANKIN. l\Iay I ask the gentleman why he does not Accordingly the committee rose; and the Speaker having re­ mark this road on the map? sumed the chair, 1\Ir. LEAVITT, Chairman of the Committee of J\lr. SUTHERLAND. I had this · map made some years the Whole House on the state of the Union, reported that that ago, when I was speaking of the railroad. committee, having had under consideration H. J. Res. 243, had 1\lr. RANKIN. Will the gentleman indicate just where we directed him to report the same back with the recommendation are going to put all this money? that it do pass. l\Ir. SUTHERLAI\TD. I will try to. Mr. DOWELL. 1\.fr. Speaker, I move the previous question. l\lr. ENGLEJBRIGHT. May I ask the gentleman how many The previous question was ordered. miles of extension that will be? . The joint resolution was ordered to be engrossed and read a Mr. SUTHERLAND. One hundred and seven miles. The third time, was read the third time, and passed. purpose of the continuation is to extend the tram road a 2836 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 distance of 12 miles, and then a wagon road for a distance of Mr. SUTHERLAND. Well, as I said, the benefits would be 65 miles, and then a tram road for a distance of 30 miles to general; but these 250 whites I speak of are operating mines, Candle. and each summer they bring in additional help, labor with The reason for the construction of this tram road is that which to operate their mines. they have discovered that in order to carry freight across the 1\!r. McDUFFIE. Could the gentleman approximate the ton­ tundra; that is, across the marsp.y, level sections of the Terri­ age and the value of the tonnage that would be carried over tory, it is much cheaper to lay down planks for ties and this road? place rails upon them than it would be to attempt to con­ Mr. SUTHERLAND. No ; I can not. struct gravel roads. In fact. the construction of gravel roads Mr. McDUFFIE. That is a matter of speculation, of course, would be almost out of the question, as the expense would be . but I thought probably the gentleman had figured to what ex­ enormous. But they can build these tram roads across the tent this tonnage would grow immediately upon the construc­ tundra for about $12,500 a mile. I believe that is the estimated tion of such a high way. cost. Mr. SUTHERLAND. Well, let me explain that. To-day the This section is now developing in placer mining. Of course, people located in there [indicating on map] depend on their it produced· a great deal of gold some :rears ago. Then the supplies by water transportation in July. They are opening up bonanza day passed, and it went to hydraulicking and dredging. their mines probably in May; their active work begin in May, In 1924 that particular section produced $95,000. In 1925 will it produced $111,000, and Dr. Phillip Smith, of the Geological and they have to wait at least two months for fresh sup­ Survey, who has Alaskan matters in charge, informed me that plies, and, therefore, they are dependent on the supplies that he did not have the amount for 1926 for that particular section lasted over from the other year. If this road were constructed, segregated, but he assured me that there has been a very mate­ they could ship supplies from Nome at any season of the year and obtain their fresh supplies in the spring, in early June~ rial increase, and from my own knowledge, not from anything when they arrh·e there. that Doctor Smith bas told me, I am very confident that the l\lr. McDUFFIE. Who are the e people you say own the output there has been over $150,000. In addition there is con­ mines? siderable reindeer grazing in that section of the Territory. There are large herds beyond. It would enable the shipment Mr. SUTHERLA~""D. In almost all cases they are Alaskans, of carcasses of reindeer down to the port at Nome. but the recent capitalization comes from the State , the dredges 1\Ir. LINTHICUM. Is this to be paid for out of the revenues that are going in there now. I have a letter from a Q.redge­ of the Tenitory of Alaska? man who is operating tliere, and perhaps if I read briefly from that it will give you a pretty clear idea of what he has in Mr. SUTHERLAND. In part. I might as well speak of mind. He says : that now. This provides for cooperation with the Territory of Ala ka. It is really extending the system of public high­ I have given them the following reasons for favorable action on this way consh·uction to the Territory of Alaska, although this is appropriation. not connected with the Bureau of Public Roads. It would give He had written to some Members of Congre s on the ub­ them an opportunity to cooperate by paying part of the expense ject- of the construction of this road, if it is authorized, by the Fed­ eral Government. Under the provisions of this report they First. Over 50,000,000 in gold has been mined from Seward Penin­ would cooperate to the extent of 20 per cent, and that would sula. placers and the mining on scientifi.e bases has just begun. correspond with the cooperation in some of the Western States. Second. It bas been fully demonstrated that the country along the In fact I think the State of Nevada and other States cooperate route of the proposed extension contains gold in commercial values. on a smaller percentage. Third. The mail route between Nome and Taylor coufd be extended 1\Ir. RANKIN. You mean the Territory would pay 20 per to serve Candle and other places which are now being served in an cent and the Federal Go>ernment 80 per cent? uncertain expensive and irregular manner by water from Nome. This 1\Ir. SUTHERLAND. Yes. would save thousands of dollars for the mail department. 1\Ir. LIN'TIDCUl\1. And the amount of gold obtained is Fourth. Coal for the miners could be secured from Chicago Creek, $150,000 a year? near Candle. Over 20,000 acres of placer mining ground are held by Mr. SUTHERLAND. To carry that output does not amount miners along this route, who are patiently waiting for cheaper trans­ to anything. It is the supplies that would go in and the rein­ portation to open up their mines, The freight rates to the central deer that would. come out. part of the Kougarok is between $300 and $400 per to:1. Mr. SHALLENBERGER. Can the gentleman tell us how That is the fact. "The freight rates in the past to the remote many people will be served by that road at pre ent? interior sections have been $300 and $400 a ton. 1\Ir. SUTIIE~TD. By being serv~d you have in mind the people who would be at the northern terminal point? Seventh. My personal opinion is that when the mining of the high :Mr. SHALLENBERGER. And would be benefited? bench gravels is undertaken lode gold will be discovered that will Mr. SUTHERLAND. Of course, those living at the southern make the estimated gold contents of the gravels of Seward Peninsula terminal would certainly be benefited, and that would mean a look like 30 cents, and the estimate of the gravel gold is rather for­ population of about 1,200. The whites at the northern terminal midable, as Mr. Brooks- would be about 250. I think that is the aggregate. \'\'llo was at the head of the Geological Survey, and passed Mr. SHALLENBERGER. Are there no people to be served away several :rears ago-- who are interested in mines or other enterprises between the terminals? estimated it to be about $325,000,000. This estimate was made nearly Mr. SUTHERLAND. Yes. These 250 are between the ter­ 20 :rears ago, but he says in his last report that there is no reason for minals and, in fact, located to the north. I am speaking of the changing it, although much more gold may be taken out as new and white population, and there is a much larger native population cheaper methods of extraction of the gold are being devised, particu­ which is engaged in the reindeer business. larly that of thawing frozen ground by cold water, which is now being :Mr. ENGLEBRIGHT. Can the gentleman give us some idea successfully done by a large company in Nome. as to the potential gold resources of that region? They are That is one of the discoveries they made in treating frozen quite extensi>e, are they not? ground; that it can be treated much cheaper with cold water Mr. SUTHERLAND. I feel they are, but it is always pretty than by the method which was originally used all through difficult to make an estimate as to the future production of the Canadian Klondike and in Alaska; that of thawing by gold. The large dredging companies can make a pretty exact steam. They find that cold water is just as efficient as steam e timate by their drilling and careful measurement of the in thawing; that is, perhaps not quite as efficient, but it is grounrl, but in a country where the prospects are as scattered very much cheaper; it is a very cheap method of thawing as they are here it would be >ery difficult for me to make an frozen ground. This letter was from Mr. K. L. Gravem, of estimate, and I would not care to submit one. Berkeley, Calif. I do not happen to know the gentleman, but Mr. McDUFFIE. Will the gentleman yield? he wl'ote me and I know he is one who is· interested in the Mr. SUTHERLAND. Yes. dredging propo::;ition up there. I also have a petition that was Mr. McDUFFIE. Is this road near the Alaskan Railroad? ent to the Ataskan Engineering Commission, signed by about Mr. SUTHERLAND. No; that i about 2,000 miles by water; DOO re idents of Nome and the section to which this road would I suppo~e in a direct line it is 700 miles or 800 miles. be projected. Mr. McDUFFIE. The gentleman said there would be some­ Mr. McDUFFIE. I hate to interrupt the gentleman again, thing. like 1,200 people at the lower end of tllis road and 250 but what is the population of Alaska now? nt tbe upper end. I presume they are white people. How many Mr. SUTHERLAND. The population of Alaska is a little less people, including the natives, will be directly benefited by the than 60,000. expenditure of that much money from the Public Treasury? Mr ... McDUFFIE. Is not that population decreasing rather About how many people all told? than increasing? 1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2837 :Mr. SUTHERLAND. The population to-day is increasing, the interior and get into tl1e arid countrv, it is very cold, indeed slowly but substantially. During the war period, of course, we in the winter and reaches to as low as 70° or 75° below zero: lost a great many of our population, which was natural; they but nevertheless it is a delightful climate, even with its extreme were unmarried men and many of them adventurers. When cold. the war broke out in Europe I think that half who went from Mr. LINTHICUM. Will the gentleman yield? the Territory went to Canada and over to Europe. :.:Ir. SUTHERLAND. I yield to the gentleman. Mr. McDUFFIE. The existing population now is largely com­ Mr. LINTHICUM. As I understand, the gentleman proposes posed of those poeple who are more or less adventurers, is it to spend about $780.000? not? In other words, where is the stimulus for a man to leave Mr. SUTHERLAND. Seven hundred and fifty thousand dol­ a country like this, with all of its wonderful opportunities and lars; yes. its wonderful soil and the high wages and all that sort of tlling Mr. LINTHICU:l\I. And there are about 21~ people or 2£JO to go to Alaska? people at the northern end of this Territory who are to be Mr. SUTHERLAND. The gentleman in all his experience served. has never had what is known as the hobo spirit. Mr. SUTHERLAND. Yes. Mr. ·McDUFFIE. Probably I have missed a great deal. Mr. LINTHICUM:. And the gentleman does not know the [Laughter.] tonnage that will be brought owr this road? 1\.lr. SUTHERLAND. It is a spirit to wander that seems to Mr. SUTHERLAXD. Oh, no; but I am looking, of course, be implanted in the people of the world and particularly in those for a material increase in population. There is bound to be whom we call the Anglo-Saxons. There is a fascination to go such an increase in connection with this industry. to the very remotest places on the earth to see what is there, The reindeer industry does not bring a great increase of and when one gets there, there seems to be a fascination about population, just as the public lands in the States where the it that causes one to remain. I went to Alaska 29 years ago, cattle gra~e have no population to speak of; but nevertheless just in a spirit of adventure, to see what was there, and I have there is an immense industry established there, and that is remained all through the years. I left all the attractions of what this reindeer industry is to be for northern Alaska. the East that the gentleman speaks of. These animals are increasing at a wonderful rate. The only Mr. McDUFFIE. Alaska is fortunate to have men like the question in my mind is the marketing of the product. I pre­ gentleman. dict that next yenr there will be a million deer on the Alaska l\1r. SUTHERLAND. Thank you for the compliment. ranges. Mr. McDUFFIE. But all Alaskans are not like the gentle­ Mr. LLN'THICUM. I was going to say further that the Ter­ man. ritory of Alaska will pay about one-fifth and the United States Mr: SUTHERLAND. Oh, yes; they are. I am just repre­ Government will pay the balance, four-fifths. sentative of Alaska. They are all like me. [Laughter and Mr. SUTHERLAND. Out in Maryland you pay 50 per cent. applause.] Mr. LINTHICUM. Yes. Mr. McDUFFIE. But I was simply wondering whether or Mr. SUTHERLAND. Maryland is a rich State; and out in 1. not we can ever hope to have such a migration to Alaska as to Nevada, a State not nearly as wealthy and with larger areas justify us in continuing to pour money from the Public Treas­ of public lands, their cooperation gets down to less than 10 ury into that vast area. per cent. Mr. SUTHERLA!-.TD. I think you are going to have such a Mr. AREN'l'Z. Twelve per cent. migration without any doubt. At the present time the pulp Mr. SUTHERLAND. 'When you figure out the engineering interests are in Alaska. They are negotiating for leases on and all that sort of thing, is it not less than 12 per cent? large areas of pulp land. I read the statement in one of the Mr. ARENTZ. Oh, no. papers up there that ·in a ver~· shor·t time there will be a popu­ Mr. SUTHERLAND. I yield to the judgment of the gentle­ lation of 10,000 people in connection with one pulp establish­ man from Nevada on that point. ment that would be set up there. Mr. LINTHICUM. We pay about 50 per cent; but our diffi­ I can understand how this may be true, because down in culty is getting the District of ColUlllbia to pay anything to British Columbia I have visited the pulp-mill to\>Yns there connect up with our highways; that is our great difficulty. where they have populations of 3,000 or 4,000 people, and that Mr. SUMMERS of 'Vashington. Will the gentleman yield? project is a much smaller one than the project that is proposed Mr. SUTHERLA~~. I yield to the gentleman. in Alaska. I think the time has arrived when the natural Mr. SUMMERS of Washington. In giving a little descTip­ t·esom·ces of Alaska are going to be developed, particularly the tion of the country, did the gentleman tell us anything about timber resources. the agricultm·al possibilities, with respect to the vegetables that 1\lr. McDUFFIE. I hope they will, and I am very much can be grown in this " land of perpetual snow and ice," as interested in seeing that done. some people believe it to be? l\1r. SUMMERS of Washington. Will the gentleman yield? l\lr. SUTHERLAND. There is no question about the produc­ Mr. SUTHERLAND. I yield to the gentleman from Wash­ tion of vegetables. Any vegetable except corn grows pro­ ington. lifically there, including domesticated berries of all kinds. Mr. SUMMERS of Washington. I am very certain there is a Mr. SlJl\ll\lERS of Washington. Potatoes, h1rnips, and so wide'spread misunderstanding as to climatic and oilier condi­ forth. tions in Alaska. Would not the gentleman take just a minute Mr. SUTHERLAl\'D. Yes; potatoes, turnips-we get all of or two and enlighten us as to actual conditions there? thoF.:e vegetables better than those of the States. Mr. SUTHERLAND. I can illustrate that by an item which 1\Ir. SUMMERS of Washington. Where are these vegetables came out in the Post just the other day. grown mainly? Mr. RANKIN. Before the gentleman gets on that subject, 1\Ir. SUTHERLA.I\'T>. In the :Matanuska district and Fair­ the gentleman does not contend there is any pulp timber in banks, and in some of the portions of southern Alaska. There connection with this proposed project? is no question about the raising of vegetables- the finest in the Mr. SUTHERLAI\"'D. Oh, no; there is scarcely a tree in all world. The only question is as to the market. The market for this country I am speaking about .in connection with this pro­ vegetables in Alaska is only with the local population. " posed road. Mr. SUIDIERS of Washington. I nnderstand there were The other day the Post publiEhed a picture of an Indian, the about $75,000,000 of exports from Alaska last year. mayor of Metlakatla, who had been to the White House, and Mr. SUTHERLAND. A little more than that; I think the caption stated that he had come from a land of perpetual $76,000,000. - ice and snow to see the President. The Indian told me that all · Mr. McDUFFIE. Mainly fish and reindeer meat? last rear, through winter and summer, he had never seen a Mr. SUTHERLAND. Fish amounting to fifty millions, I fiake of snow nor had there been any indication of snow on the think, and minerals seventeen millions. motmtain tops of Annette Island. He came from southeastern Mr. RANKIN. How about furs? Alaska, where the climate to-d-ay is milder than it is right here Mr. SUTHERLA.I\-rrl. I think furs were exported to the in Washington. People frequently in asking about Alaska in­ amount of two or three million dollars. quire how they get out in the winter. As a matter of fact, Mr. McDUFFIE. Where is Wrangell Narrows? every port on the coast of Alaska for a distance of 2,000 miles Mr. SUTHERLAND. That is in the southeastern Alaska, is an open-winter port and the weather is much milder than it and the wisdom of the appropriation for the improvement of is right here on the Potomac, for it is only in very rare in­ Wrangell Narrows a year ago will be clearly demonstrated by stances that in any of the ports of south Alaska you would see the manufacturing company I spoke of a moment ago. It was the comparatively thin layer of ice that you see down on the one of the inducements for these people to engag~ in the pulp l 'otomac River during the winter. 'l'he climate on the coast of industry on account of the improvement of that waterway. Alaska is very, very mild, indeed, modified, of course, by the Mr. ARENTZ. Will the gentleman yield? Japan Current. When you pass over the mountain range into Mr. SUTHERLAI\TD. Yes. 2838 CONGRESSIONAL R.ECORD-HOUSE .FEBRUARY 2 Mr. AREXTZ. To go back to the tramway, what did the Mr. O'C01\TNELL of Rhode, Island. Is all of the territory original 6u miles cost the government of Alaska? contiguou to this proposed railway suitable for reindeer _ 1\Ir. SUTHERLAND. Eight~·- even miles. My impression is grazing? that they paid about $23,000. l\Ir. SUTHERLA.i~D . Virtually all. Of course, there are Mr. ARI!JNTZ. In the meantime have they kept it up? barren sections through rocky portions where reindeer mo s Mr. SUTHERLA!\TD. No; it became rather dilapidated for does not grow, but as a general thing it is a reindeer country. a number of years, but within the last two years it has been l\Ir. O'CONNELL of Rhode Island. Can the gentleman give rehabilitated. us an idea of the commercial value of reindeer meat now Mr. AREI\""TZ. And who did that? shippetl to the United States? Mr. SU'l'HERLAND. The Alaska Road Commission in con­ Mr. SUTHERLAND. There were about 8,000 c:nca. :;;es junction with the T erritory. shipped to the States last fall. I do not know just what the Mr. LlNTHICUl\1. Will the gentleman yield? value was. 1\lr. SUTHERLAND. I will yiel said that they would never have magnificent physical specimen of a man. considered entering into that field to establish dredges except l\lr. AREJNTZ. l\Ir. Chairman, I think we ought to settle the for this system of transportation that has been opened np by matter of the value of these reindeer. The reindeer, I under­ the Government. The same thing applies exactly to this little stand, will dre. s about 160 pounds. tram road that is proposed in this bill. It is going to bring l\fr. SUTHERLAND. Yes. about a development of that northern section of the Territory Mr. ARENTZ. You can not get 32 cents a pound for rein­ just as surely as the broad-gauge Government railroad has deer meat in Alaska? brought about a development of the section farther south. l\lr. SUTHERLA~iD. Oh, no. Mr. O'CONNELL of Rhode Island. l\Ir. Chairman, will the 1\Ir. ARENTZ. Fifty dollars a head would be 31 cent a gentleman yield? pound. That must be ab. olutely wrong. Mr. SUTHERLAND. Yes. Mr. SUTHERLAND. I spoke of Seattle. I aid I had a Mr. O'CO:I\"1\"'ELL of Rhode I land. Is it not the opm1on of rough estimatE> of them at $50 a head in Seattle. l\Iy e8timate the gentleman that in the future the production of reindeer meat is perhaps high. As a matter of fact, they purchase deer in as food is going to be one of the chief industries of Alaska? Alaska for $10 a head. l\Ir. SUTHERLAND. It is going to be a tremendous indus­ Mr. ARENTZ. That is about the price we get for wild hor e try in Alaska and through western Canada. A Harvard pro­ meat off the range, and when you pay freight to San Francisco fe:-:sor lecturing recently at one of the institutes said that it makes it cost about $5. within our time--and be was a young man-a great portion of Mr. SUTHERLAND. The gentleman does not compare wild the meat supply of the United States will come from sub-Arctic bor ·es with the Alaskan reindeer? regions. Of course, the Canadian Northwest is a much larger l\lr. ARENTZ. Only as far as the price is concerned. range than Alaska, and a great deal of the meat will come Mr. COLE. It i. used for food? from there. Mr. .ARENTZ. Used for chicken feed. 1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2839 Mr. ENGLEBRIGHT. I understand the purpose of this frozen for thousands and thousands of years. When the early road is to open up a large mineral area, to develop Alaska adventurers went up to Alaska in order to mine this gold they further, and bring into production vast mineral resources and first had to melt the ground, usually with heated rocks. If mining? you can get behind my friend, Hon. JoHN F. MILLER, of Wash­ l\Ir. SUTHERLAND. There is no reason why it should not ington, and have him make a speech recounting his experiences be done. in Alaska, as many of us who have been on these trips have Mr. LANKFORD. l\Ir. Chairman, I yield the remainder of tried to do, and get him talking about it and how it was car­ my time to the gentleman from Mississippi [1\Ir. RANKIN]. ried on in the old days, you will be vastly entertained. Mr. RANKIN. 1\Ir. Chairman, I am going to ask those who They would first heat rocks, place them down in the hole, and are p1·e ent to pay attention to what I have to say, as we are melt the ground for an inch or two deep. When the rocks had going to have a roll call on this proposition. 'Vith all defer·ence cooled they would dig out the thawed gravel and pile it out to to the gentleman from Alaska, this, in my opinion, is a very one side. They would repeat the process all during the winter usele s waste of $600,000 of Government money. months, and when the spring came and the thaws began they I have supported practically every measure coming before the \vashed this sand and gravel to get out the small particles of committee looking to the real, substantial, reasonable develop­ gold. To-day they use acetylene torches or steam pipes instead ment of that Territory. I had occasion a few years ago to of heated rocks. I looked down into one shaft at Fairbanks visit Alaska; and took a trip over the Alaskan Railroad. I and saw them melting the grom1d with steam pipes and wash­ visited tile interior and saw one herd of reindeer. I did not ing it to get out the small particles of gold. get excited then, and I am not now, about any competition That was done, just as this will be done, by private interests. American beef will ever have from Alaskan reindeer meat. And This is not a public enterprise. This is a private enterprise tho e l\Iembers who were with us on the trip felt the same way for the benefit of private individuals. They want to get out about it. But eYen if the reindeer in Alaska stood a chance there and dig into this frozen soil in order that they may take to compete with American beef, it would probably not be in­ out the gold. It is not profitable to do it now, and therefore volved in this· proposition at all, or very little to say the least they are asking the Government to appropriate this money in of it. These reindeer feed on the reindeer moss that grows order that they may have free transportation. under the snow, on top of the frozen ground. That is all they Mr.· McDUFl!"IE. l\lr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield haye to feed on. We had reindeer meat on the train, I think there? probably every meal, and while it did fairly well, it did not l\Ir. RA~'KIN. Yes. compare with American beef or American pork or lamb. l\1r. McDUFFIE. As to the territory traversed by this road, You are asked, gentlemen of the Congress, to appropriate out is that a part of the public domain subject to entry by anyone? of the Federal Treasury $600,000. Now, if one of the Members Who owns this land? ftom an average State should ask $600,000 for local appropria­ 1\fr. RANKIN. "Then a fellow gets into the interior of tions, for local improvements, judging by experience you would Alaska he can usually say, in tbe language of Alexander Sel­ have certain 1\fembers of Congress demand an explanation of kirk- every dollar of it, and I am going to give an explana'tion of this I am monarch of all I survey ; as best I can. I sent for the hearings, and to my surprise they My right there is none to dispute; could not be had ; possibly they were not printed. From the center all round to the sea Alaska is a great Territory. It comprises an area of 580,000 I am lord of the fowl and the brute. square miles, or twelve times the size of the State of Pennsyl­ l\Ir. l\fcDUFFIE. I am . asking about the ownersllit1 of the vania. This railroad here is 467 miles long from Seward to land. Fairbanks--467 miles-and was built at an expense of $57,000,- Mr. RANKIN. I suppose the land is about as free as the 000. In order to get around to Bering Sea you have to travel ice. [Laughter.] almost as far as you would from Seward, Alaska, around l\1r. McDUFFIE. It is still a part of the public domain? through the Panama Canal to Washington, because you have to l.\Ir. RANKIN. Yes. But all you have to do is to move go around the Aleutian Islands to get to Bering Sea. on it and take poRsession. · Nome, Alaska, is situated at the southern terminus of this Mr. ENGLEBRIGHT. Does the gentleman mean to say that proposed tramroad. It is an old tramroad used in the past the gold miners have been operating for gold at a loss because for that purpose. They propose to revive it. In order that you the gold is so scarce? may understand what kind of a country you are building this Mr. RANKIN. I will answer the gentleman's question by tramroad in, let us take a survey of it. This is a narrow-gauge asking him a question: If they were not operating at a loss, railroad, I think possibly 25 or 30 inches wide, laid on a very why do they come in here and ask us to provide for them a small track. That track is laid oYer small crossties, and those gift of that road? crossties had to be brought from soine-where else. That country l\Ir. ENGLEBRIGHT. They are not asking us to mine tlte is so cold and bleak it does not grow enough timber to sup­ gold. . . ply the crossties•to put under this road. If I make any state­ Mr. RANKIN. Oh, no. In the same way, I did not a;;;k you ment that doe.::. not square with the testimony, I shall be ~lad to build a post office in my district. All I asked was that you :(or anyone to correct me. Nome, Alaska, had 852 people under appropriate the money, and we will build the post office or the census of 1920. Now, this census was taken in the winter­ have it built. time, and fortunately for Nome, because in tl)e wintertime in Mr. DOWELL. But we are appropriating money to build Alaska the folks are all at home. because at that time the your roads so that you can get from one place to another. thermometer has dropped far below zero and all this area of The Government has been engaged in that for a number of Alaska here is frozen up. years. There is little or no opportunity to scatter out, so I presume Mr. RANKIN. Under the Federal road system certain inter­ that those 852 people coYer tile .:'ntire population of the town state highways are given Government aid. In those cases the of. Nome. There are not more . than 250 people, according to Government will appropriate 50 per cent up to $10,000 a mile. the census report, along this proposed route all the way to its But they are public roads, not private enterprises, and they northern terminus. are not to enable some one to go out into the woods to a saw­ The object of this measure is not to encourage people to go up miH or down to the field where he proposes to mine gold or there and raise vegetables. It is not to encourage people to drill an oil well. go up there and engage in the fishing industry, which, by the This bill is deceptive on its face. I have looked into the way, is by far the greatest industry in all the Territory of facts, and it appeared to me to be so w1just tllat I wrote this Alaska. ..lbout forty or fifty million dollars' worth of fish minority report, and there has not been a word of it denied or come out of Alaska eyery year, but they are not caught there. contradicted. They say that the Territorial government will Tiley are found around the mouths of streams. The gold indus­ put up 20 per cent-20 per cent of $750,000-and we put up the try does not amount to much up there. The principal object other $600,000. · As I say, there are only 250 people up there of this proposition is to build a tl·amroad for the benefit of along this route, and the people who live at Nome are engaged certain men, private individuals, in the United States who in various other occupations. I will guarantee that there are are engaged in prospecting for placer gold, to enable them to one or two persons, or at least a Yery small number of per­ go out there and continue this little road up to about here sons or companies, who will benefit personally by this a})pro­ [indicating on map], and then use a dog sled from there on; priation of more than half a million dollars to reestabli~h that to go into this cold, bleak regio11 to mine placer gold. road and to enable them to haul their rigs and their supplies 1\Iany of you or most of you know more about placer gold out there to mine gold. mining than I do ; that is, taking gold from the sand and They told me in Alaska also that the best placer-gold mines gravel instead of from solid rock. The ground up there is invariably were not paying an-ything, · and that is the reason frozen, I do not know how many feet deep, and has been so I say that I sel'iously doubt if this outfit here [indicating on r 2840 CONGRESSIOX.A.L RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 map] is paying e:xpen. es, for if it were it would not let this 1\Ir. RANKIN. I do not; but if I had the figures here I ol­ Mr. RA..."-'KIN. As to such a proposition you would not priation because they told us when we built the railroad it m·en get a hearing before the committee. would only cost $35,000,000, hut they haYe kept on until it has Mr. SUTHERLAND. Will the gentleman yield'? cost $57,000,000. It is 467 miles long, and there are not 10,000 1\Ir. RAI\TJUN. Yes. people living within 300 miles of it in e\ery direction. !\lr. SUTHERLAND. The que tion asked by the gentleman Mr. McDUFFIE. Doe the gentleman know what the tonnage from l\1i si.ssippi interest · me. I realize he is acquainted with of the railroad is? l\lississippi and he has rai ed a very pertinent que tion. With his knowledge of the towns in Mississippi that are served by Mr. RAI\'KIN. No; but it is very light. They run two trains a week ; but some day it may be that ]fairbanks will roads, I wonder if he recalls Shiloh and the road the gentle­ build up and that .. e<.:tion of Ala ~ ka may deYelop to a point man from Mississippi put over on Congress two or three years where w-e will be justified in running these trains. I am not ago. He simply took this House right off of its feet when knocking that part of Alaska. There are some things up there he was pleading for the construction of a road to Shiloh. I I would like to change, but I am certainly not in favor of get­ do not know that anybody knew the population that was served ting off the railroad and doing t11e stupid thing of going 1,000 by that road, but everybody knew that Shiloh was a place of miles out over this frozen ground into this Territory, that is great historical interest, and the gentleman simply, by his frozen a vast majority of the year on top of the grotrnd and oratorical powers, persuaded this House to give him a road to 21h feet under the ground, which has not thawed since the Shiloh, even though it had not been incorporated in the bill; ice age, and spending $000,000 out there merely to enable .'orne be succeeded in placing an amendment in tl1e bill providing few fellows to go out there and exploit for gold. for a road to Shiloh, and now he is using the same oratorical powers to persuade Members of this House that there is no This ground here [indicating on map] the gentleman from necessity for a road in tllis section of Alaska because of the Ala::;ka tells us is frozen up until July. The gentleman may be .spar.., e population Jlnd the fact that it .is going to serve some correct about that. All tho e streams freeze up. In the early business enterprises. The great, new railroad serves bm;ine ·s part of the fall they begin to freeze and break and jam and interests and private enterprises, and that is all a road can freeze until every one of them becomes a glittering thread of serve in the development of private enterprises. ice for hundi·eds and hundreds of miles. Ur. RANKIN. It i true that I seemed the adoption of an I remember at Fairbanks they told me of one experience amendment providing for the construction of a road to Shiloh, there that made me remember the time thi ice goes out. They but that amendment did not appropriate $600,000; it appro­ have what they call an ice pool. The ice i ~ about 10 or 12 feet priated the amount of $50,000. thick. Tlwy take a wire and attach one end of it to the ice I did that in order that those old veterans who wore the and the other end to a clock, so that when tl1e ice moves it stops blue and those who wore the gray, and their wives and chil­ the clock. Then they sell gue ses as to the day and the hour dren, might have access to the great battle field of Shiloh, and the minute when the ice will break. 'Vhoever (7ne. ~es the where northern courage and southern valor once grappled for correct time or comes nearest to the time gets the entire pool. the supremacy of a new world. In 1923 the ice pool at l!""airbanks amounted to $11,000, and the If this were a proposition of that kind, I might vote for it. ice broke at 2 o'clock and 13 minutes on the afternoon of :May In that connection let me say that soldiers living in districts 9. When it does break it creates a great commotion, because whose Representatives voted against me have written and the people realize that the winter is over and spring i. about to thanked me for doing away with the toll gates, where it used arrive, and they ru._h out of their houses and line t11e banks of to cost a man with an automobile about $1.85 or $2 to carry the stream and fairly shout for joy as that great raginoo, roar­ his family in and bring them out. I have no apology for my ing torrent of ice moYes down the Tanana River out into the action in that regard; but in this particular instance you have Yukon and on into Bering Sea. a few private indiriduals who are asking you to appropriate The gentleman says this territory is frozen until July. It money in order to build a way for them to get in and out in seems to me that when the ice goes down the Yukon in early mining gold for their own private aggrandizement, and it is rm­ l\Iay and out into Bering Sea it would also clear Bering Strait reasonable, it is unjust. You can not say there is any politics here, but I am not sure as to that. If so, the argument that mixed up in it, becau e nobody in Alaska \otes either ticket. It they need this road to get in on during the month of 1\lay would is just simply a question of economy. I can not vote for it, I not apply, because if the ice goe. out of Bering Strait at the am not going to support it, and I am going to have a roll call same time that it goes down the Yukon River the people could on it. begin going through in the montli of May. Mr. McDUFFIE. Will the gentleman yield? If this was anywhere in the United States, where every Mr. RANKIN. Yes. Member of Congress could go and look a.t it, it would not get Mr. McDUFFIE. l\Iay I a k the gentleman if be knows enough votes in this House f01· the RECono to show them. I how much money bas already been expended from the Public am not criticizing the gentleman from Alaska. Somebody has Treasury in the Territory of Alaska? asked the gentlem~n to introduce th~s bill. No doubt they are 1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECO)lD-HOUSE 2841 constituents of his or perhaps some of his constituents have other means, consists of the following elements, which are feasible and asked him to support it. desirable, and the estimated cost of whlch is as indicated : I do not blame the gentleman. He has done his best about From Shelton to Dahl, extension of the Nome-Shelton tram- way, 12 miles, at $12,500 per mile ______.:.. ______$150, 000 it, and if it was a reasonable proposition I would go a long From Dahl to Inmachuk, improvement of winter trail to sum- way to help him out ; but under the circumstances I can not mer trial standard, including bridges, 65 miles, at $3,000 vote, and I will not ·vote, to appropriate this amount of money per mile------19.J,OOO in order to help a few individuals to go out there and prospect From lnmachu.k to Candle Creek, construction of a tramway, for gold, even if It were a. new field with all kinds of promises, 30 miles, at $13,500 per mile------405, 000 and ~spa:ially not since it is an old, run-down field that has Total------750,000 proved to be a failure to such an extent that they have let the 1\lr. RANKIN. I presume from our experience in keeping up old tram road go down. · · public enterprises, it will cost a good deal to keep this road ·un. Mr. McDUFFIE. I will say to the gentleman that, of course, In my opinion this is beyond the scope of the prerogatives of we have Alaska and we have got to keep it, and it is our duty the Federal Congress, and I hope that you will vote this bill to do what is right and proper for the development of Alaska. down. Mr. RANKIN. Certainly. Mr. SUTHERLAND. Will the gentleman yield not for me Mr. McDUFFIE. But without any prospects that I know of to contradict the gentleman, but to make some things clear in for 'the future, it occurs to me that the loss in the operation his mind? of the railroad of $1,800,000 a year is a very costly procedure Mr. RANKIN. Certainly. for the public Treasury of the United State , and I was won­ Mr. SUTHERLAND. The gentleman spoke of all the people dering if there was J!Ot some way by which we could help the at Nome being at home at the time the census was taken in people of Alaska to get along at a little less cost until we be­ the winter. Unfortunately for Alaska when the census was come so populous, perhaps, that it will be necessary for our taken in the winter a great many of the people were in the people to eek the benefits that might be derived from living States. The gentleman gave the correct figures for the twen­ in Alaska. tieth census, but probably before the census was taken there Mr. RANKIN. I will say to the gentleman from Alabama were two large steamships left with seven or eight hundred [l\Ir. McDUFFIE] that there are only 55,000 people in Alaska, people who went to the States and did not return until spring, 27,500 whites and about the same number of Indians and Es­ and that condition obtained very largely over a considerable kimos. The Indians live up and down these streams and the portion of the Territory. railroad amounts to very little with them. The Eskimos, as Mr. RANKIN. So instead of there being 1,500 population a rule, are up in the northern part of Alaska and are engaged there might be 3,000? in seal fishing and possibly the raising of a few reindeer. The Mr. MICHENER. I would like to ask the gentleman a ques­ Indians live along and around the mouths of the streams, and tion. What is the motive power to be used on this tramway? the railroad amounts to little so far as they are concerned. Mr. RANKIN. The most of the way it is dog power. If the Mr. McDUFFIE. Is it a fact that the Eskimo population gentleman will pardon me, it will take all the reindeer in the is decreasing rather than increasing? country to furnish food for the dogs needed for the power for .1\lr. RANKIN. They are both decreasing. this tramway. Mr. McDUFFIE. The whites and the Eskimos Mr. MICHENER. The motive power is dog power for the Mr. RANKIN. The Eskimos and the Indians. The whites tramway? decreased 10,000 between 1910 and 1920. That number of them Mr. SUTHERLAND. For 87 miles they use dogs. The dogs came back to the United States ; and I think the gentleman will are used by p1·ivate individuals. Any individual has a right find that up until the last few years the hard winters have to put a car on this tramway and haul it with the dogs. On the gradually killed the Indians off; for instance, tuberculosis other hand, they have a small gasoline locomotive. seems to be very prevalent among them, and also pneumonia. Mr. MICHENER. Will the bed of the track hold up a loco­ Mr. McDUFFIE. Did they always have it or did the white motive? people carry it up there? Mr. SUTHERLAND. Oh, yes; it is an ordinary narrow Mr. RAJ'I;'KIN. I asked that question once or twice myself, gauge. but did not get any specific answer. Mr. MICHENER. When this matter was up before I was Mr. TILSON. Will the gentleman describe the nature of the very much surprised that a Government railroad was proposed road which is intended to be built and give us something as to to be operated by dog power. the permanence and durability after it is built? l\lr. SUTHERLAND. Yes; it is operated very successfully l\lr. RANKIN. I will say that from here, on the map, out for private people. for a distance to a place called Dog, they are going to revive an Mr. SHALLENBERGER. Will the gentleman yield? old tram road built years ago, when, as I said, the crossties had Mr. RANKIN. I will. to be imported. There will be no trouble to sustain the roadbed, Mr. SHALLENBERGER. Does the gentleman know anything because the ground is frozen most of the time. But from there about the snowfall up in that locality? Is the snowfall very on it is going to be a dog-sled road. They talk about the heavy? benefits to the public. I imagine they will have to pay pretty Mr. SUTHERLAND. Not as heavy as down on the coast. high transportation to ride over this dog-sled road. Down on the coast they have a v.ery heavy snowfall at times. Mr. TILSON. It is a dii·t road? Mr. SHALLENBERGER. I know up around Valdez the only way the trail can be kept open is to keep it broken out by Mr. RANKIN. My understanding is that they will call it a horses or mules, so that in that case the tramway would be pike, but it is a dirt and gravel ··oad from there on. It will be covered by snow the most of the time. frozen for nine months of the year from the 15th of September Mr. DOWELL. 1\lr. Chairman, I yield 10 minutes to the to about the 15th of May. gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. SHBEVE]. Mr. McDUFFIE. It is not to be a railroad? Mr. SHREVE. 1\Ir. Chairman and gentlemen of the House, Mr. RANKIN. It is to be a little tram road for a short dis- I would like to interrogate the Delegate from Alaska [Mr. tance and then a dog-sled road or h·ail from thereon. .SUTHERLAND]. l\1r. McDUFFIE. What is to be the width of it? Mr. SUTHERLAND. Very well Mr. RAJ\'KIN. I think about 25 inches. Mr. SHREVE. Does Colonel Steese, the chairman of the Now, gentlemen, I want to leave this thought with you, that Alaskan Roa(i Commission, favor this proposition? when you appropriate $600,000 you are not appropriating money Mr. SUTHERLAND. Yes. The report is made by Colonel to build up a community ; you are not appropriating money to Steese and approved by the Army Engineers. Then I am for it. build an interstate road. Mr. SHREVE. Mr. Chairman, I will say to the House that You are appropriating money to help a few individuals to go Colonel. Steese comes from Pennsylvania, and that is enough. out and mine placer gold in order that they may make money, Furthermore, he is one of the most distinguished Army engi­ and not one penny are you going to get back except as an neers. He is' just now on a return trip from away over in income tax. Egypt, after being in consultation with engineers of all the Mr. LINTHICUM. In answer to the question of the gentle­ nations of the world in some road-building proposition. It was man from Connecticut [:Mr. TILSON] I notice that the report my good fortune to visit Alaska last year. I was up in this says: district, and covered all of the southwestern part of Alaska. I After due consideration of the above-mentioned report I concur in was within 40 or 50 miles of the Arctic Circle. I assure the the views of the president of the B<1ard of Road Commissioners of House that the statements made by the gentleman from Alaska Alaska, and, therefore, report that the best and most practicable con­ [Mr. SuTHERLAND] about the great development going on in nection between the Nome-Shelton system of communications and the that country are true. The manager of the United States Smelt­ coal deposits of the Kugruk River, Chicago Creek, and the Keewalik ing & Refining Co. took me in tow for two or three days. We mining districts, whether by wagon road, sled road, tramway, trail, or traveled all over their v~st development. It has be£:n stated J

2842 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 that they have been many years getting ready. Why, they are I country except for the railroad and the roads. The freiO'ht changing the course of a river there for 85 miles, bringing it handled for the smelting company has brought in a reve~ue d?wn on one range of mountains and taking it through iron that has reduced the deficit of the railroad nearly $400,000-­ pipes through the valley and up over the top of another moun" Mr. RANKIN. Does the gentleman contend that the Alaskan tain. They are spending $9,000,000 before they attempt to make Railroad has reduced its deficit $450 000? a single dollar. And why? They are doing it for the reason l\Ir. SHREVE. I said about $300,000. that they know that gold is there. They have made a careful l\Ir. RANKIN. It cost about $1,800 000 more to operate the study of that situation. They have had their engineers making railroad last rear than the revenues f~om it. ~urveys. Mr. SHREVE. My figures do not say so. Mr. l\iORTON D. HULL. Who is spending that money. Mr. RAl~IN. Then I think the gentleman has the wrong Mr. SHREVE. The United States Smelting & Refining Co. figures. l\Ir. l\i ORTON D. HULL. That is a private concern? 1\Ir. SHREYE. No; some other gentleman corrected me and l\Ir. SIIREYE. Certainly; but who spent the money in this at the time I was there the manager of the road told me' they country to build the railroads? had reduced the deficit ab_out $300,000: Mr. RANKIN. And if gold were as plentiful up at Nome, l\Ir. RANKIN. Here is what I think he had in mind: That it this same company would go there and build its own road. would cost about $300,000 less to run it than it did the year l\Ir. SHREVE. Mr. Chairman, I happen to be one of the before. But the loss would still be more than a million and a ~riginal supporters of the Alaskan Railroad in the Sixty-third half dollars a year. Congress. ' Mr. STRONG of KanM.s. In the cost of the operation of the 1\fr. SUTHERLAND. Mr. Chairman, if the gentleman will railroad is the cost of maintaining the mines owned by the permit me to answer the gentleman from Mississippi, an allied Navy, and the cost of operating the railroad out to the mines, company of the one the gentleman is speaking of does operate and that cost a large part of the money that does not bring in in Nome, with four dredges, recently established. Last year any revenue. they increa eel the output of that camp by $1,200,000. That is Mr. SHREVE. It cost a large sum of money ; there is no the increase that came through the operation of their four doubt about that. dredges at the southern or coastal terminus of this proposed 1\Ir. DOWELL. Mr. Chairman, I yield five minutes to the road. gentleman from Kansas [Mr. STRONG]. 1\lr. SHREVE. The thing that I want to speak about particu- Mr. STRONG of Kansas. Gentlemen of the committee it larly is the road situation. I traveled over four or five hundred is impossible for anyone to present facts regarding Alaska 'un­ miles of the roads in Alaska, and I say to you that the roads less he has lived there a great many years and traveled all are a mighty sight better than they are in some of the places I over it. I went with my colleague [Mr. RANKIN] and other have traveled through in Pennsylvania. In the first place, Members of -this House to Alaska in :!.923, starting at Seward the man '"ho is building the roads knows how to do it, and then and then going up to Fairbanks on the railroad and back. nature has provided at intervals, scattered here and there There was no opportunity to go to the northern and eastern through that section, great banks of grav-el. They have their parts of the Territory, and all we know of those vast parts is equipment up there just as you have them in Pennsylvania, or hearsay. The information I got was that there was an out­ Mississippi, or any other State. They are building splendid st~nding deman.d for roads. They said, "You built for us a roads ; they are roads that are going to stay. It is not only a railroad up here, but unless you build us roads running through­ great credit to the man at the head of the organization who is out Alaska this railroad expenditure will not be a success. We building the roads, but it is a credit to the United States in must have connecting roads. We can not have a proper de­ furnishing the money. We have no idea of what is developing velopment of Alaska uhless we have roads." just now in Alaska. Take the town of Ketchikan alone. That This bill is a part of the road-building scheme. The Terri­ has an assessed value of more than the amount that we orig- tory ?f Alaska has paid for 87 miles of this road, and they will inally paid for Alaska. There is more than $7,000,000 of contribute 20 per cent of the cost of the balance of it. The assessed value in that one town. The climate has been de- only hope they can have to build up a road sy tern is by the scribed. Because of the proximity of the Japan current, the assistance of this Congress; and it seems to me, if we are to climate is wonderful. I saw at Sitka the most wonderful develop that great Territory, we have got to have a road system vegetables in the agricultural station maintained by the extending throughout the Territory. Agricultural Department, and then when I got away up here at Ur. McDUFFIE. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Fairbanks, where the nights, when I was there, were only an Mr. STRONG of Kansas. Yes. hour and a half long, I found another magnificent agricultural 1\Ir. McDUFFIE. But there is nobody living up there to station. They are sending over to Russia and bringing in use whatever development you may have. There are only a grains and things that will mature in 90 days or perhaps a hun- few people, only 61,000 people in the Territory, all told. dred days. They also have the most wonderful vegetables you .Mr. STRONG of Kansas. If you do not build roads there ever saw, potatoes and things of that sort. . The trouble is that will never be many people there. they are raising more produce than probably they can market at Mr. RANKIN. This road, as I understand, does not come home, but without these roads development in Alaska is goinO' within two or three thousand miles of the railroad. Possibly to stop. ~ I may be mistaken. 'Ve are taking out of Alaska over $75,000,000 this year; 1\Ir. STRONG of Kansas. Was the gentleman ever in other $40,000,000 of that in fish. A million dollars a month are com- parts of Alaska than along the railroad and the southern ing in copper from the mines. We have gone through all these portion? years supporting Alaska through appropriations with reference Mr. RANKIN. No. to one thing or another and now when we can begin to see our Mr. S~~ON~ of Kansas. Then, why undertake to describe way through the mist and see what is going to be the final the conditions m the northeastern part? accomplishment, why, gentlemen, this is no time to stop the Mr. RANKIN. Nobody else has been. You can not learn development of Alaska. very much about interior Alaska by skirting the Aleutian Mr. RANKIN. In reference to vegetables, as a matter of Islands. fact all their cucumbers and tomatoes were grown in hothouses Mr. STRONG of Kansas. If you do not have these connect­ were they not? ' ing roads you might as well take up the railroad and abandon Mr. SHREVE. No; I was out in 5 and 10 acre :fields grow- the attempt to dev:elop Alaska. You can not develop Alaf-; ka ing-- without having a road system. Our committee, after exhaustive Mr. RANKIN. What? bearings, reported this bill out, and we believe that its enact- Mr. SHREVE. All kinds of vegetables. ment will result in helping in the development of that Territory Mr. RA"XKIN. I will tell the gentleman-- on which so much money has already been expended. Mr. SHREVE. Right in Fairbanks. Mr. MORTON D. HULL. How far is that road from the Mr. RANKIN. The gentleman saw potatoes and rhubarb, railroad? but the cucumbers and tomatoes were grown under glass. Mr. STRONG of Kansas. This tramway and wagon road Mr. SHREVE. That might be so; we grow them in Pennsyl- and trail is to be constructed in the Seward Peninsula. You vania under gla s. understand the Territory of Alaska is attempting to build roads Mr. RANKIN. And the cucumbers at Fairbanks cost 50 cents throughout the Territory and those in the northern part will apiece. connect with the railroad. l\Ir. SHREVE. So I say this is no time to speak of stopping 1\Ir. l\IORTON D. HULL. How far is it from the main rail- the development of Alaska, when we are beginning to see what road? we are accomplishing. The manager of the United States 1\lr. STRONG of Kansas. It may be 700 miles. Smelting Co. said that they would never have developea that Mr. SUTHERLAND. It is between 700 and 800 miles. 1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2843 1\Ir. STRONG of Kansas. But it should be understood that Mr. GARNER of Texas. As I understand, the accompanying there are roads connecting with it, and the plan is to connect documents will also be printed? ·the system up with the I"ailroad. · The SPEAKER. All the documents will be printed. Mr. SUTHERLAND. Yes; of course there are. In the AR.TICLE BY SENATOR GEORGE W. NORRIS, OF NEBRASKA hearings before our committee, Colonel Steese, an engineer of Mr. APPLEBY. :Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to standing and with experience and knowledge of Alaska, strongly print in the RECORD the remarks made by Senator NoRRIS, of advocated the building of the tramway road and trail provided Nebraska, on the direct primary. for in the resolution, and these hearings were printed and The SPEAKER. The gentleman from New Jersey asks unan­ are a\ailable. imous consent to extend his remarks in the RECORD by printing The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the resolution will be the remarks made by Senator NORRIS, of Nebraska, on the direct read for amendment. primary. Is there objection? The Clerk read as follows: There was no objection. Rcsoli:ed, etc., That the following work of improvement is hereby Mr. APPLEBY. 1\Ir. Speaker, under the permission granted adopted and authorized, to be prosecuted under the direction of the me to extend my remarks in the RECORD, I submit the follow­ Board of Road Commissioners for Alaska, in accordance with the plans ing article by Senator GEORGE W. NoRRIS, of Nebraska: recommended in the report hereinafter designated : THE PRil\'lARY Nome-Shelton-Kugruk River-Keewalik, Alaska, in accordance with the Our Government is founded upon the theory that the people are report submitted in House Document No. 514, Sixty-seventh Congress, sufficiently intelligent to control their own Government. The argu­ fourth session, and subject to the conditions set forth in said document. ment for the primary is based upon the truth of this assumption. The Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the enact­ primary il'! simply a method by which the will of the people can be ing clause. ascertained in the selection of those who shall make and administer The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Mississippi moves to the laws under which all of the pr'lple must live. There is nothing strike out the enacting clause. The question is on agreeing to sacred about it. If a better method can be devised, I would not that motion. hesitate to abandon it and throw it aside. Neither will I claim that it The question was taken, and the Chairman announced that is perfect. It has many weaknesses and imperfections. Until we can the noes appeared to have it. find a better system we ought to devote our energies toward its improve· 1\Ir. RANKIN. A division, 1\Ir. Chairman. ment by making whatever amendments experience demonstrates are The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Mississippi calls for necessary, always having in view the fundamental principle that we a division. are trying to devise a plan . by which the people will come as nearly The committee divided; and there were-ayes 11, noes 44. as possible into the control of their own Government. So the motion was rejected. · We must not expect perfection. \"\'e can not hope to devise a plan l\lr. DOWELL. 1\Ir. Chairman, I move that the committee that will make it impossible for mistakes to occur. We can not by do now rise and report the resolution to the House with the law change human nature. Selfish, designing, and even the dishonest recommendation that it be agreed to. men will sometimes be able to deceive a majority of the people, however The motion was agreed to. intelligent and Ca.reful they may be. Every Government, whatever may Accordingly the committee rose; and the Speaker having re­ be the system of nominating candidates for office, ought to provide by sumed the chair, 1\Ir. LEAVITT, Chairman of the Committee of law for the recall of its officials by the people. If the people should the Whole House on the state of the Union, reported that that make a mistake they will correct it. . If a public servant has been committee, having under consideration the resolution (H. J. faithful and true to his trust, it will not be necessary for him to seek Res. 73) authorizing the improvement of the system of over­ the approval of party bosses and machine politicians for his own land communications on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, had vindication. directed him to report the same back with the recommendation The primary is in fact, a part of the system of our election machin­ that it be passed. ery. It is just as important, and often more important, than tile official election which follows. A people who are qualified to vote l\lr. DOWELL. Mr. Speaker, I move the previous question. The previous question was ordered. for candidates at the general election are likewise qualified to select those candidates at the primary election. It requires no more intelli­ SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION REFERRED gence to vote at the primary election than it does at the regular Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, Senate Joint Resolution of election. To deny to the citizen the right to select candidates and the following title, was taken from the Speaker's table, and to confine his suffrage rights solely to a decision as between candidates referred as indicated below: after they have been selected, is in reality at least a partial denial S. J. Res.152. To amend subdivisions (b) and (e) of section of the right of suffrage. It very often means that the voter is given the rigb t only to decide between two evils. The right, therefore, to 11 of the immigration act of 1924, as amended; to the Commit­ select candidates is fundamental in a free government, and when­ tee on Immigration. ever this right is denied or curtailed, the government is being placed ENROLLED BILL SIGNED beyond the control of the people. It can be safely stated that the great majority of the American 1\lr. CAMPBELL, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, an­ people are in favor of the primary, and that politicians, men seeking notmced that that committee had examined and found truly a selfish advantage. political machines, and combinations of special emolled House bill of the following title, when the Speaker .interests, who are opposed to it. It has some objectionable features signed the same : but upon examination it is found that practically every one of thes~ H. R. 15011. An act granting the consent of Congress to the applies with equal force to the convention. Many of these objections Paragould-Hopkins Bridge road improvement district of Greene can be entirely eliminated as far · as the primary is concerned, and County, Ark., to construct a bridge across St. Francis River. practically all of them can be partially eliminated. The primary re­ MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT-COMMISSION ON THE EQillTABLE lieves the party and party machinery of a great deal of its respon­ USE OF THE WATERS OF THE LOWER RIO GRANDE (H. DOC. NO. 676) sibility and places this responsibility upon the individual voter. The intelligent American citizen assumes this responsibility with a firm The SPEAKER laid before the House the following message determination of performing his full duty by informing himself upon from the President, which was read and, with the accompany­ all the questions pertaining to Government. It therefore results in ing papers, referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs and a more intellige.nt electorate, and as this intelligence increases, it ordered printed. results in better Government. · To the Congress of the United States: Experience will bl'in,g about improvement as the necessity is shown I recommend to the favorable consideration of the Congress to exist by practice. It will not bring the millenium and it will the inclosed report from the Secretary of State, to the end not cure all of the defects of Government, but it will relieve many that legislation may be enacted to extend the authority of of the admitted evils and act as a great school of education for the the Commission on the Equitable Use of the Waters of the common citizen~ The artificial enthusiasm created by the com·en­ lower Rio Grande to enable it to deal with the waters of the tion system which makes it easy to deceive the people will give way lower Colorado River in addition to those of the Rio Grande. to the enlightened judgment of reason that will pervade the firesides CALVIN CooLIDGE. and homes of a thinking patriotic people. A citizenship that is suffi· ciently intelligent to vote at a general election will never surl'ensident of the United States mous consent to extend his remarks in tbe RECORD by printing a relative to the St. Lawrence seaway resolution recently adopted by the Legislature of Minnesota Whereas a joint board of engineers representing the United States favoring farm relief. Is there objection? and Canada have cfficially and unanimously declared ship-channel There was no objection. connection between the Great Lakes and the Atlantic by way of the St. Mr. ANDRESEN. Mr. Speaker, under the leave to extend my Lawrence to be practical; and · remarks in the RECORD, I include tbe following concurrent reso· Whereas the St. Lawrence Commission of the United States, ap­ lution of the Legislature of Minnesota: pointed to determine the need of such a seaway, has unanimously Concurrent Resolution 1 memorializing the Congress of the United States declared in its report to the Pt·esident, made December 27, 192G, that- to enact legislation to restore and maintain equality to agriculture " The construction of the shipway from the Great Lakes to the sea Whereas the protective-tariff system of the United States, estn.blished is imperative, both for the relief and for the future development of a to protect all the industries of our country, has failed to function in vast area in the interior of the continent " ; and that such a way as to protect the producers of certain farm commodities of "It has been estimated that the value in a single year to the which there has been an exportable surplus so that at times our farmers farmers alone would equal the capital cost of the waterway"; and have been required to sell such commodities in a competitive ·world that market while, by reason of such protective tariff system they have been " The economic importance of the improvement would be far greater required to purchase most of their necessities in a stabilized and highly than the savings made upon the actual tonnage transported, important protected domestic market, with the result that there has been a great though that would be"; and and increasing disparity in the prices our farmers receive for what they Whereas the extension of the commerce of the State of l\linnesota, sell with those which they have had to pay for what they buy, creating the development of her resom·ces, her present prosperity, and her a real crisis which has for a long time existed and does still exist, future welfare all demand world trade contacts by way of direct low­ not only in the Nation's agriculture but in all industries dependent on cost ocean transportation to and from the markets of the world, and agriculture ; and Whereas the St. Lawrence seaway would give to the State of Min­ Whereas to remove much disparity in prices and to provide and main­ nesota ocean ports on the Great Lakes; would give direct ocean trans­ tain equality to agriculture with the other industries of this country portation with wider and lower cost of movement to world markets; u · is absolutely necessary that our farmers receive an American price would increase the demand for her products, and would thereby assure based on an American standard for their product consumed domestically to her agriculture, now depressed, and in particular to her grain, dairy, and a world price only for the exportable surplus consumed abroad : and livestock producers, a marked degree of permanent relief from Therefore be it present excessive transportation costs and a more favorable basic price Resolved by tlle House of Representatives of the State of Minnesota for all farm production, and (the Senate concurring), That the Congress of the United States, at Whereas· such seaway would permanently lower her transportation its present sitting and without further delay, be and the same is charges both on exports and on imports and would thereby stimulate urgently petitioned to enact such legislation as will extend the pro­ the development of her present mining and manufacturing industries, tective system and the benefits thereunder to the farmers, regardless invite new enterprise, and would generally assure to her citizens an of a surplus of any farm crop, "hereby they will receive an American enlarged and abiding prosperity: Therefore be it pr~ce for what is consumed domestically independent of the world price Resolved by tlw !Hottse of Representatives of the Btate of Minnesota, for the surplus, and that only in such manner can equality to agricul­ (the Se-nate concurr-ing), That we do most earnestly urge upon the ture be restored and maintained ; President of the United States, the imperative national need of the That to secure this end Rnd to provide the necessary relief and St. Lawrence seaway, and further express to him the earnest desire of thereafter to maintain agricultural prosperity, legislation sponsored this State that immediate steps be taken for the negotiation of a by the mid-west farm organizations providing for the creation of a treaty with Canada to that end; and be it further Federal Farm Board, and an export corporation thereunder, the segre­ Resolved, That a duly authenticated copy of this resolution be trans­ gation of the exportable surplus of all farm commodities and the mitted to the President of the United States, the presiding officers of collection of an equalization fee on each commodity affected, is indis­ the Senate and House of Representatives, the chairman of the St. pensable and should be f'peed11y enacted into law: Be H further Lawrence Commission, to the secretary of the Commerce Commission Resolved, That a d_uly authenticated copy o! this resolution be trans­ of the United States, and to each of the Senators and Representatives mitted to the President of the United States, the Secretary of from the State of Minnesota in the Congress. Agriculture, the chairmen of the Agricultural Committees of the Senate JOH~ A. JOHNSON, and House of Representatives, and to each member in Congress from Speaker of the House of Rerwesentatives. Minnesota. W. I. NOLA~, JoHN A. Jo!Dl"soN, President of the Senate. Speaker of tlle House of Representatives. Passed the bouse of representatives on the 19th day of January, w~ I. NoLAN, 1927. President of the Sena-te. JOHN I. LEVlN, Passed the house of representatives the 13th day of January, 1927. Ohief Olerk, Hmtse of Representatives. . JOHN I. LEVIN, Passed the senate the 21st day of January, 1927. Oh-ief oze,rk, House of Re-presentatives. GEORGE W. PEACHEY, Passed the senate the 18th day of January, 1927. Secretary of the Se-nate. GEO. W. PEACHEY, Approved January 21, 1927. Sec-retat·y of the Senate. THEODORE CHRISTIANSON, Approved , 1927. Governor. THEODORE CHRISTU.NSO:-i, Governm·. Filed , 1927. Filed January 20, 1927. MIKE HOLM, MIKE HOL~I, Sec-retary of State. Sec-reta1·y of State. I, Mike Holm, secretary of state of the State of Minnesota and I, 1\Iike Ilolm, secretary of state of the State of Minnesota and keeper of the great seal, do hereby certify that the above is a true keeper of the great seal, do hereby certify that the above is a true and and correct copy of house file No. 8 as shown by the records in my correct copy of house file No. 64, as shown by the records in my office. office. [SEAL.] MIKE HoLM, (SEAL.) MIKE HOLM, Sem·etat·y of State. Secretary of State• THE Sl'. LAWRENOE WATERWAY • The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman from :Minnesota desire Mr. KVALE. Mr. Speaker, I ask 1manimous consent-- recognition? 1\Ir. FURLOW. l\Ir. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to Mr. KVALE. I was about to make the same request. extend my remarks in the RrooRD by printing a joint resolution THE HAUGEN BILL passed by the Legislature of l\Iinnesota urging the President to 1\Ir. RAMSEYER. Mr. Speaker, while these resolutions are negotiate with Canada for the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence tide­ being inseTted in the RECORD, I ask unanimous consent to print water project. a joint resolution adopted by the Legi ·Iature of Iowa urging The SPE.A.KEU. The gentleman from Minnesota asks unani­ the speedy passage of the Haugen bill. mous con ·ent to extend his remarks in the RECORD by printing The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Iowa asks unanimous a joint re.~olution passed by the Legislature of :Minnesota with coiLSent to extend his remarks in the RECORD by printing a joint regard to the St. Lawrence project. Is there objection? resolution fTOm the Legislature of Iowa with regard to farm There was no objection. relief. Is there objection? 1\lr. FURLOW. Ur. Speaker, under the leave to extend my l\lr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to ob­ remarks in the RECORD, I include the following joint resolution ject, what effect have these resolutions of State legislatures on of the Legislature of Minnesota : Cong.ress? 1927 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-HOUSE 2845

l\Ir. RAMSEYER. ~othing but a moral effect on the Mem­ postQr in claiming authorship of the im·ention of our great bers of the House. Federal bank resen·e system. He actually submitted docu­ 1\Ir. LAGUARDIA. Will the gentleman reciprocate that mentary evidence iu support of his claim that this Federal re­ same understanding wllen a resolution from the Legislature of ~erve legislation was the dream and accomplishment of a mere the State of New ~ork comes in memorializing Congress? mortal' and not at all the creation of Colonel House. These L>e 1\Ir. RAl\ISEYER. I do not know whether that is a matter fearful days, l\lr. Speaker. Good men and true are believing of reciprocity or not. that the very foundations of the Republic are crumbling. Why Air. LAGUARDIA. In other words, the gentleman thinks not? EYen after the modernists had smeared the pages of llis­ the same careful consideration should be given a resolution tory with the' slime of their ntuperative attacks upon George adi)pted by the Legislature of the State of New York as he ·washington and Thomas Jefferson-en~n then there remained expects to be given a resolution adopted by his own legis­ hope that the Hepublic might lire-but now, now that the lature? modernists have assaulted the last citadel of indhi.clual great­ 1\Ir. RAMSEYER. If the Legislature of the State of New ness, and have reduced to puling littleness the most puissant York should send a resolution here favoring the McNary­ prince who eYer guided the destinies of men and of nations, one Haugen bill, I shall not object. [Laughter.] and only hope remains for the salyation and perpetuity of the The SPEAKER. I s there objection? Republic. That hope lies through an uprising of the people, and There was no objection. a demand that the President shall by proclamation proclaim a Mr. RAMSEYER. l\Ir. Speaker. under lea>e to extend my re- · day of fasting and supplication, when all the pPople with one marks I submit for printing in the RECORD, senate concurrent accord shall exclaim: "God save the Republic! 1\Iay- all the resolution adopted a few days ago by the General Assembly of gods save Colonel House and destroy all moderniF;ts who seek the State of Io\Ya urging the speedy passage by Congress of the to mortalize that great master of men and nations." Haugen bill. IMPROVEMEXT OF THE SYSTEL: OF OVERLAXD COMMU~ICATIO.:-i ON The matter referred to is as follows: SEWARD PENINSULA, ALASKA. Senate concurrent resolution Tl1e SPEAKER: ')_'he que~tion is on the engrossment and Whereas our political parties in their appeal for support promised third reading of the joint resolution. such legislation as would restore agriculture to the level of other The joint resolution was ordered to be engrossed, read a industries ; and third time, and was read the third time. Whereas these promises have not yet been fulfilled ; and The SPEAKER. The question is on the pas~age of the Whereas the continued low purchasing power of farm products has resolution. made the need of relief more urgent than when the promises were The question was taken; and on a division (demanded by Mr. given : Now therefore be it RANKI:"i) there were-ayes 47, noes 19. Resolved by the senate (the house concttrring), Thnt we petition Mr. RANKIN. l\lr. Speaker, I object to the vote on the and pray Congress to enact, at as early a date as possible, legislation ground there is not a quorum present, and make the point to place agriculture upon an equal footing with other industries by of order there is not a quorum present. the establishment of a Federal farm board with author·ity to direct The SPEAKER. It is very clear there is not a quorum t be handling of surplus agricultural commodities and to charge the present. The Doorkeeper will close the doors, the Sergeant cost thereof to such commodities. all as embodied in the Haugen bill. at Arms will notify absent 1\Iembers, and the Clerk will call .Adopted by the forty-second General Assembly of the State of Iowa. the roll. The question is on the passage of the joint resolution . FRANK SHANE, ~'he question wa:-,; taken ; and there were-yeas 138, nays 117, Preside·nt of the Senate. answered " present " 2, not voting 176, as follows : WALTER H. BlUM, [Roll No. 23] Secretary of the Senate. YEAS-138 L . v. C.ABTER, .Adkins Fish Kuuz Shreve Speaker of the House. Allen Fitzgerald, Roy G. Kvale Simmons Andresen Fitzgerald, W. T. LaGuardia Sinclair .A.. C. GGSTAFSO:-<, .Appleby Fort Lankford Smithwick Chief Clerk of the House. .A.reutz Furlow Lea, Calif. Speaks Bachnrach Gallivan IA>av!tt Spearing PROFESSIONAL MODER...~IS'IS Bachmann Garber Leblbach Sproul, Kans. Bacon Gibson Letts Stobbs Mr. HO"'\VAHD. 1\.Ir. Speaker, I want unanimous consent. I Bailey Glynn Linthicum Strong, Kans. want unanimous consent to put in the RECORD the speecl1 that I Barbour Graham Lnce Strong, Pa. Beck Green, Iowa McFadden Summers, Wash. did not make and I was not permitted to make this morning. Beers Griest · McLeod Swank. [Laugh·: _r.] Brigham Hale ~cSween1>:v ~wing The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Nebraska asks unani­ Browne Hall. Ind. Magee, N.Y. Taber Burtness Hall, N.Dak. :Magrady Taylor, Co~o. mous consent to extend in the RECORD at this time a speech he Burton Haugen Mapes Thurston was not permitted to make this morning. [Laughter.] Is there Campbell Ha~·den Miller Tilson Carss Hiekey Mooney Updike objection? Chalmers Hill. Md. Moore, Ohio Vaile There was no objection. Chindblom Hill. Wash. _'elson, Wis. Vestal 1\fr. HOWARD. Mr. Speaker, under the gracious privilege Christopherson Boch Newton, l\Iinn. Vincent. Mich. extended by the House, as disclosed by the foregoing excerpt Colton Hooper Patterson Wainwright Connery Hudson Perk"ins ·wason from the CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD of yesterday's proceedings, I Connon:-, Pa. Hull, William E. Pratt Watres shall now endeavor to state, as nearly as I may now recall, at Cooper, Wis. Irwin RamseyeL' Watson least the substance of that speech which I intended to make Coyle Jacobstein Rathbone Weaver Crowther Johnson, Ill. Reed, N.Y. Wefald yesterday morning. Dallingel' Johnson, Ind. Reid, Ill. WhHe. Kans. l\Ir. Speaker, I come now to the performance of an instant Denison Johnson, S.Dak. Robinson. Iowa White, Me. duty-the duty of protesting against the shameful assaults by Dickinson, Iowa Kearn. Robsion, Ky. Winter Dowell Ketcham Rogers Wolverton professional modernists upon the magnificent mortals whose DyPr Kiess Rowbottom Wurzbach grandeurs and whose glories shine with almost sacred effulgence Elliott Kirk Snbath Zihlman Engle bright Knutson Schafer upon the pages of history from the dawn days of our Republic Esterly Kopp Schneider down to the present hours. NAYS-117 This city of ·washington, wherein should live men with Allgood Cole Jo'ree Kinchcioe choicest memories of the lives and deeds of the fathers of the .Almon Collier Fulmer Lanham Republic, appears to be the heart center of that society of Arnold Collin~ Gardner. Ind. Larsen .Ayres Connally, Tex. Garner, ':l.'ex. Little modernists in which he is chiefest who can utter the vilest as­ Blacl{, X. Y. Corning Gasque Lowrey persions upon the men who made the Republic possible. Black, Tex. Cox Gilbert Lozier While frequently offended by the modernist attacks upon Blanton Cl'isp Green, Fla. McClintic Bloom Cullen Greenwootl McDuffie George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, shocked and pained Boies Davis Hammer McReynolds by hearing or reading the assaults upon those almost sacred Box Deal Hardy MacGregor historical characters, yet I have remained silent, awarding the Brand, Ga. Dickinson, lifo. Harrison Major Brigg;· Dominick Hastings Martin, Mass. calumniators nothing better than my contemptuous thoughts. Browning Dough ton Hill, Ala. 1\lichenei' But now I have reached the limit of my forbearance and must Buchanan Drt>wry Hogg Moore. Ky. Bulwinkle Driver Howard Morehead speak a protest against one modernist who has gone the limit Busby Eaton Huddleston Morrow in audacious effort to pluck the effulgent gem of supergreatness Canfield Edwards Hudspeth Nelson, 1\Io. from the tiara which graces the brow of the immortal Colonel Cannon Ei>liCk Hull, ].lorton D. O'Connell, N.Y. Carew l"isher Jeffers O'Connell, R. I. House. Only last Monday a Member of this House presented Celler .Fletcher .Tenkins O'Connor, La. argument to prove that this great master of men "ITas an im- Cochran Foss John~on, Tex. Oldfield 2846 CONGRESSIONAL REOOR.D-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 Olh·er, Ala. Rouse Tillman Whittington Mr. Magee of Pennsylvania witb :Mr. Barkley. rnrks Hubey '£read way Williams, Tex. 1\Ir. Tolley with Mr. McSwain. Qutn Ruthl'rford Tucker Wilson, La. ML'. McLaughlin of Michigan with Mr. Goldsborough. Ragon Sanulin Unuerwood Wilson, Miss. Mr. Thomp on with Mt·. Chapman. ]{~in~y Shallenberger Up•haw Wright Mr. Stephens with Mr. Sullivan. Rankin Romers. N.Y. Vinson, Ga. Wyant 1\Ir. Andrew with Mr. Lee of Geor:ria. Rayburn Steagall Vin on, Ky. Mt·. Sproul of lllinois with Mr. Tydings. Reed, At·k. Sumners, Tex. Warren Mr. Britten with 1\Ir. Sanders of Texas. Romjue Taylor, W. Va. ""hitebead Mr. IIadley with Mr. Cleary. Mr. Davenport with Mr. Johnson of Kentucky. ANSWERED " rRESE~T "-2 Mr. Hersey with Mr. Frear. Garrett, Tenn. Griffin Mr. Cramton with l\Ir. Berger. NOT VOTING-liG Mr. Fenn with l\Ir. Peavey. .Auernethy F.llis Lineberger Senrs, Fla. 1\Ir. Cooper of Ohio with Mr. Bland . AC'kerman F.rans Lyon "ear , Nebr. Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, I am paired with Aldrich l!'airchild McKeown Seger Andrew Faust alcLaugblin, Mich.Sinnott the gentleman from California. I withdraw my vote of "no" Anthony Fc•nn McLaughlin, Nel.Jr. Smith and answer " present." Aswl'll Frear McMlllan Snell The result of the vote was announced as above recorded. Auf cler Heide Fredericks i\Ic:::lwain Sosnowski Bankhead Freeman Madden Sproul, Ill. On motion of Mr. DowELL a motion to reconsider the Yote Rarkley FrE.>nch 1Hag e, Pa. Stal._., whereby the bill was passed was laid on the table. Bc ~> dy Frothingham Manlove Stedman Mr. WAUHVRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, I would like to announce RPgg Funk Mansfiehl Stephens Rt•ll Gambrill Martin, La. • tevenson that the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. JAMES], the gentleman Berger Garrett, Tex. Mead Strothf>r from Indiana [lli. JoHNso .~], the gentleman from South Caro­ nwer Gifforll MPnges Rullivan Bland Golder Merritt Hwartz lina [Mr. 1\lcSw..uN], and the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. Bowles Goldsborough Michaelson Sweet FISHER] are in attendance upon an important subcommittee of Bowling Goodwin Milligan Swoope the Committee on Military Affairs under permi sion of ·the Bowman Uorman Mills 'raylor, N.J. Boylan Hadley Montague Taylor, Tenn. House to sit during the sessions of the House. Brand, Ohio Hare Montgomery Temple ADJOuRNMENT :Britten Hawley Moore, Va. Thatcher Brumm ller. ey Morgan Thomas 1\Ir. DOWELL. 1\lr. Speaker, I move that the House do now Burdick Holaday Morin Thompson Butler Houston Murphv Timberlake adjourn. :HYI·ns Hull, Tenn. Nelson: Me. Tincher The motion was agreed to; accordingly (at 5 o'clock nnd 18 Carp{'nter James Newton, l\Io. Tinkham minutes p. m.) the House adjourned until to-morrow, '.rhur day, Carter, Calif. Johnson, Ky. Norton Tolley Carter, Okla. John on, Wash. O'Connor, N. W. Tydings February 3, 1927, at 12 o'clock noon. Chapman Jones Oliver, N.Y. Underhill Clague Kahn Parker Vare Cleary Keller reavey Voigt CO~UIITTEE HEARINGS CoopN, Ohi'l K~lly Peery Walters Cramton KeJDp Perlman Weller Mr. TILSON submitted the following tentative Ust of com­ Crosser Kendall Phillips Welch, Calif. mittee hearings scheduled for Thursday, February 3, 1927, as Crumpacker Kerr Porter Welsh, Pa. Curry Kiefner Pou 'Vheeler reported to the floor leader by clerks of the several committees : Darrow J(indred Prall Williams, IlL Davenport King Purnell Williamson COEUHTTEE ON APPRROPRIATIONS Davey Kurtz Quayle Wingo ( 10.30 a. m.) DPmpsey Lampert Uansley Wood Dickstein Lazaro Reece Woodruff Second deficiency bill. Douglass Leatherwood Snnders, N.Y. Woodrum Doyle L~?e, Ga. Sanders, Tex. Woodyard COMMITTEE ON THE CIVIL SERVICE Drane Lindsay Scott Yates (10.30 a. m.) So the joint resolution was passed. To increase the compensation and regulat~ leave of ab ence The following pairs were announced : of storekeepers, gaugers, and storekeeper-gaugers, and for other On this vote: purposes (H. R. 16743). ~fr. Curry (tor) with 1\lr. Garrett of Tennessee (against). Mr. llutler (for) with Mr. Bell (against). COMMITTEE ON FOREIG~ AFFAIRS Until further notice: (10.30 a. m.) Mr. Madden with Mr. Abernethy. Amending the act of May 13, 1!}24, entitled "An act provid· Mr. Sinnott with Mr. Hull of Tennes ee. l\Ir. Michaelson with Mt·. McKeown. ing a study regarding the equitable use of the waters of thP Mr. Nelson of Uaine with Mr. Carter of Oklahoma. Rio Grande," etc. (H. J. Res. 345). Mr. Porter with Mr. Dickstein. Mr. Reece with J\Ir. Mead. COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS :\1r. Underhill with Mr. Ste>enson. (10.30 a. m.) Mr. Tinkham with Mr. Quayle. l\lr. Aldr·ich with Mr. Woodrum. To authorize the Secr·etary of the Interior to expend certain Mr. Faust with ~Ir. Thomas. Indian tribal funds for industrial purposes (H. R. 16840). Mr. Beedy with Mr. Lindsay. Mr. Frothingham with Mr. Boylan. COMMI'l"l'EE ON INSULAR AFFAIRS Mr. Begg with Mr. Doug-las. Mr. French with Mr. Milligan. (10.30 a. m.) 1\Ir. Johnson of Washington with Mr. Oliver of New York. To clarify and amend existing laws relating to the powers Mrs. Kabn with 1\Ir. Gambrill. Mr·. Yates with Mr. Hare. and duties of the auditor for the Philippine Islands, and for l\Ir. Wood with l\lr. Pou. other purposes (H. R. 16868). :\Ir. Parker with Mr. Martin of Loui iana. Mr. Morin wtih Mr. Evans. COMMITTEE ON MINES AND MINING · l\Ir. Sweet with 1\Ir. Crosser. (11 a. m.) Mr. Williams of Illinois with Mr. A wpll. Mr. Newton of Missouri with Mr. Bankhead. Authorizing inve tigation by the United States Geological Mr. Williamson with l\Ir. Weller. Survey to determine location and extent of pota h deposits in Mr. Thatcher with l\Ir. Sears of F1orida. R. Mr. Manlove with 1\Ir. Auf der IIeide. the United States (H. 3863). l\11'. Temple with Mr. Lazaro. COMMITTEE ON NAVAL AFFAIRS l\11'. Stalker with Mr. Kindred. Mr. IcLaughlln of Nebraska with Mr. Da>ey. (10.30 a. m.) Mr. Smith with Mr. Mc:\Iillan. Mr. Leatherwood with Mr. Bowling. To authorize the Seeretary of the Navy to modify agree­ Mr. Merritt with 1\Ir. Kerr. ments heretofore made for the settlement of certain claims in Mr. Purnell with Mr. Jones. favor of the United States (H. R. 15131}. Mr. Welch of Pennsylvania with Mr. Doyle. M1·. Brand of Ohio with Mr. Garrett of Texas. COMMITTEE ON THE POST OFFICE AND POST ROADS Mr. Timberlake with Mr. Prall. a. m.) Mr. Antbony with Mr. Stedman. (10.30 Mr. Hawley with :Mr. Wingo. To declare the future policy of the Post Office establishment Mr. Ackerman with Mr. Drane. R. 1\Ir. Carter of California with Mr. reery. of the United States (H. 13474). Mr. Kelly with Mr. Montague. COMMITTEE ON PATE. TS Mr. Crumpacker with Mr. Moore of Virginia. Mr. King with Mr. Mansfield. (10.30 a. m.) Mr. Demp ey with Mr. Lyon. Mr. Tl\ylor of '£ennessee with Mr. Byrns. To amend sections 57 and 61 of the act entitled "An act to lf.r. Darrow with Mr. Kemp. amend and consolidate the acts resp~ting copyright," approved Mr. Snell with Mr. O'Connor of New York. March 4, 1900 (H. R. 16548). 1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-HOUSE 2847

EXECUTIYE COMl\:IU~ICATIONS, ETC. foroo to the Metropolitan police force of the District of Colum­ Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, executive communications bia, to confer additional functions upon the Metropolitan police, were taken from the Speaker's t able and referred as follows : and to repeal the provision of law requiring street-railway com­ 926. A communication from the President of the United panies to pay the salaries of certain policemen, and for other States, transmitting supplemental estimate of appropriation for purposes; with amendment (Rept. No. 1944). Referred to the the Children's Bureau, Department of Labor, for the fiscal year Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. ending June 30, 1928, in amount of $1,090,976 (H. Doc. No. 677); Mr. BACHARACH: Committee on Ways and l\Ieans. H. R. to the Committee on Appropriations and ordered to be printed. 16775. A bill to limit the application of the 1nternal-revenue 927. A communication from the President of the United tax upon passage tickets; without amendment (Rept. No. 1945). States, transmitting deficiency estimates of appropriation for Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Post Office Department for the fiscal year ended June 30, the Union. 1924, $310.63, and for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1925, Mr. WINTER: Committee on the Public Lands. H. J. Res. $200.06; in all, $510.69 (H. Doc. No. 678) ; to the Committee on 282. A joint resolution authorizing acceptance of title to cer­ Appropriations and ordered to be printed. tain lands in Teton County, Wyo., adjacent to the winter elk 928. A communication from the President of the United refuge in said State established in accordance with the act of States, transmitting a deficiency estimate of appropriation for August 10, 1912 (37 Stat., p. 293) ; with amendment (Rept. No. the Department of State for the fiscal year 1926 amounting to 1946). Referred to the.Committee of the Whole House on the $713.16, and supplemental estimates of appropriations for the ~tate of the Union. fiscal year 1927 and 1928 amounting to $196,815.99 ; also two drafts of proposed legislation affecting existing appropriations REPORTS OF CO)Il\IITTEES ON PRIVATE BILLS AND (H. Doc. No. 679) ; to the Committee on Appropriations and RESOLUTIONS ordered to be printed. 929. A communication from the President of the United Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, States, transmitting supplemental estimates of appropriations M:r. DREWRY: Committee on Naval Affairs. II. n. 4141. for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1927, for the War Depart­ A bill to authorize certain officers of the United States Marine ment, amounting in all to $5,917,975; also drafts of proposed Corps to accept from the Republic of Haiti "The medal for legislation affecting existing appropriations of the ·war Depart­ distinguished service"; without amendment (Rept. No. 1925). ment (H. Doc. 680); to the Committee on Appropriations and Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. ordered to be printed. Mr. SANDERS of Texas: Committee on Naval Affairs. H. R. 12577. A bill for the relief of Farrah Dane Richardson ; REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND without amendment (Rept. No. 1926). Referred to the Com- RESOLUTIONS mittee of the Whole House. Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, Mr. COYLE: Committee on Naval Affairs. H. R. 12813. A l\Ir. RAYBURN: Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com- bill for the relief of the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation merce. H. R. 16770. A bill granting the consent of Congress (Ltd.) ; without amendment (Rept. No. 1927). Referred to to the Starr County Bridge Co., its successors and assigns, to the Committee of the Wllole House. co.nstruct, maintain, and operate a bridge across the Rio Grande _ .Mr. ~OYLE: Co~ittee on ~aval Affairs.. ~· R. 14718. A Rtver; with amendment (Rept. No. 1918). Referred to the bill for the promotiOn an~ retirement of ,:Wtlltam H. s.antel­ House Calendar. mann, leader of the Umted States l\larme Band; ~1thout Mr. PHILLIPS: Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com- amendment (Rept. No. 1928). Referred to the Committee of merce. H. R. 16773. A bill to amend 'an act entitled "An act j the Whole House. authorizing the construction of a bridge across the Ohio River M;. ANDREW:: Committee on Naval Affairs. H: R. 14926. between the municipalities of Rochester and Monaca, Heaver A bill to authorize Commander Robert E. Tod, Umted States County, Pa."; t\ith amendment (Rept. No. 1919). Referred to Naval Reserve, to accept from the French Government the the House Calendar brevet and insignia of " Commandeur de la Legion d'Honneur " ; l\Ir. MILLIGAN: ·committee on Interstate and Foreign Com- without amendment (Rept. No. 1929). Referred to the Com­ merce. H. R. 16778. A bill to extend the time for the con- mittee of the "Whole House. struction of a bridge across the Mississippi RiHr at Alton, Ill., 1\Ir. VINSON of Georgia: Committee on Naval Affairs. H. R. and across the 1\Iissouri River near Bellefontaine in Missouri· l5482. A bill granting permission to Capt. Thomas L. Johnson, with amendment (Rept. No. 1920). Referred to the Hous~ United States Navy, to accept a brevet and medal of the French Calendar. Legion of Honor, tendered by the President of the French Re- 1\lr. COLTON: Committee on the Public Lands. H. R. 16017. public; without amendment (Rept. No. 1930). Referred to the A bill granting public lands to the city of Golden Colo. to Committee of the Whole House. secure a supply of water for municipal and domestic' purpo~es · Mr. 1\IAGEE of Pennsylvania: Committee on Naval Affairs. without amendment (Rept. No. 1922). Referred . to the Com~ H. R. 15916. A bill to. authorize Rear Admiral Albert P. mittee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. Niblack, United States Navy, retired, to accept certain decora- 1\lr. ANDREW: Committee on Naval Affairs. H. R. 16432. tions from the Principality of Monaco and from the Kingdom of A blll to authorize the Secretary of the Navy to dispose of cer- Denmark; without amendment (Rept. No. 1931). Referred to tain parts of the frigate Constitution to be used as souvenirs · the Committee of the Whole House. without amendment (Rept. No. 1923). Referred to the Com~ 1\lr. COYLE: Committee on Naval Affairs. H. R. 15928. A mittee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. bill to authorize certain officers of the United States Navy to M.I·. VINSON of Georgia: Committee on Naval Affairs. H. R. accept from the Republic of Peru decoration and diploma of the 13483. A bill authorizing the Secretary of the Navy, in his Order of the Stm and from the Republic of Ecuador decoration discretion, to deliver to the custody of the Louisiana State and diploma of the E stralla Abdon Calderon; without amend­ Museum, of the city of New Orleans, La., the silYer bell in use ment (Rept. No. 1932). Referred to the Committee of the on the battleship N e-w Orleans~· with amendment (Rept. No. Whole House. 1924). Referred to the House Calendar. 1\Ir. ANDREW: Committee on Naval Affairs. H. R. 15981. 1\Ir. GIBSON: Committee on the District of Columbia. H. R. A bill to authorize certain officers of the United States Navy 11804. A bill authorizing the extension of the park system of and l\farine Corps to accept-certain decorations conferred upon the Dishict of Columb~a; without a~endment (Rept. No. 1941). them by the Government of Greece; without amendment (Rept. Referr~d to the Committee of the "?hole House on ~estate of No. 1933). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. the Umon. 1\Ir. UPDIKE: Committee on Naval Affairs. H. R. 16067. A l\Ir. WINTER: Committee on the Public Lands. H. R. 16218. bill to authorize certain officers of the United States Navy and A bill to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to exchange for civilian employees of the Navy Department to accept certain lands in private ownership in Gunnison County, Colo., certain medals tendered them by the Republic of China and to author­ P!lblic lands in Delta County, Colo ..; without amendment (Rept. ize Capt. Walter S. Crosley, United States N;_vy, to accept a No. 1942). Referr~d to the Committee of the ·whole House on medal of honor and merit and a diploma tendered him by the the state of the Umon. Republic of Haiti; without amendment (Rept. No. 1934). Re- Mr. ELLIOTT : Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. ferred to the Committee of the Whole House. H. R. 16281. A bill to grant to the city of Fort Wayne, Ind., Mr. COYLE: Committee on Naval Affairs. s. 1641. An act an easement over certain Government property; with amend- for the relief of Mary H. Dougherty; without amenclment (Rept. meut (Rept. No. 1943). Referred. to the Committee of the I No. 1935). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. Whole House on the state of the Umon. r 1\fr. VINSON of Georgia: Committee on Naval Affairs. S. Mr. BL~NTON; Committee on the . District of Columbia. J 3464. A bill authorizing certain officers of the United States H. R. 1639,. A bill to transfer the Umted States park police Navy to accept from the Republic of Chile the order of Al 2848 CONG-R.ESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 :Uerito; without amendment (Rept. No. 1936). Referred to the repeal the Federal estate tax provisions of the re\enue law Committee of the Whole House. effective February 26, 1926, and leaving such source of revenue Mr. UPDIKE: Committee on Naval Affairs. H. R. 12191. A to the State; to the Committee on Ways a.nd Means. bill to reimburse Joseph Rosen, formerly of the United States Navy, for losses sustained while carrying out his duUe~; with PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS amendment (Rept. No. 1937). Referred to the 001mmttee of the Whole House. Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills and resolutions :Mr. VINSON of Georgia: Committee on Naval Affairs. H. R. were introduced and severally referred as follows: 12604. A bill for the relief of James H. McCormick; without By Mr. CORJ\"'ING: A bill (H. R. 16892) granting an increase amendment (Rept. No. 1938). Referred to the Committee of of pension to Hannah S. Smith; to the Committee on Invalid the Whole House. Pensions. Mr. PORTER: Committee on Foreign Affairs. H. R. 16103. By Mr. DE:\TISON: A bill (H. R. 16893) granting an increase A bill authorizing the acceptance, from the Republic of Chile, of pension to Catherine J. Yates; to the Committee on Invalid of the order of Al 1\Ierito, conferred on certain officers of the Pensions. United States Navy; with amendment (Rept. No. 1939). Re­ By Mr. JA~fES: A bill (H. R. 16894) granting an increaRe of ferred to the Committee of the Whole House. pension to Elizabeth Newfisher; to the Committee on Pensions. Mr. MILLER: Committee on Naval Affairs. H. R. 16192. By Mr. JOHNSON of Indiana: A bill (H. R. 1689u) granting A bill to amend the naval record of Frank H. Wilson, alias a pension to Allie C. Allen; to the Committee on Innllid Henry Wencel; without amendment (Rept. No. 1040). Re- · Pensions. ferred to ther Committee of the Whole House. By Mr. LEA of California: A bill (II. R. 16896) grauting a pension to John H. Purcell; to the Committ{'e on Pen~iou .. ADYERSE REPORTS By Mr. LOWREY: A bill (H. R. 16897) for the relief of William G. Beaty, deceaseNew York City January Carolina Representatives in Congress to vote against House bill 24, 1927, protesting against House bill 6238, passed in Senate 6238, proposing to amend the immigration law, etc.; to the December 14, ·1926; to the Committee on Immigration and Committee on Immigration. Naturalization. ~ 5937. By Mr. GALLIVAN: Petition of Cantonment No. 9• 5959. By Mr. PEAVEY: Petition by Stenogi·aphers, Typists, National Indian War Veterans, Frederick A. Emery, com- mander, 5 Inwood Street, Dorchester, Mass., recommending Bookkeepers, and Assistants' Union 16456, Milwaukee, protest- eai·ly and f~vorable consideration of House bill 12532, known as ing against armed intervention of the United States in Nica- the Leatherwood .bill; to the Committee on Pensions. ragua and Mexico; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. . 5960. Also, petition of Henry E. Johnson and others, of 5938. By l\Ir. GARBER: Petition of board of directors of the Frederic, Wis., and W. H. Shawnee and others, of Lac du Flam­ Kiwanis Club of the city of Woodward, Okla., indorsing House bill 8956, a bill to provide for horticultural experiment and beau, Wis., urging legislation liberalizing the pension laws for demonstration work in the southern Great Plains area; to the Civil War veterans and widows of veterans; to the Committee Committee on Agricultm·e. on Invalid Pensions. 5939. Also, letter from E. l\1. Townsend, of Norfolk, va.. in 5961. By Mr. ROBINSON of Iowa: Petition for the enactment supp01·t of House bill 10125, especially sections Nos. 5 and 6; of Civil War pension legislation sent in by citizens of Cedar to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Falls, Black Hawk County, Iowa; to the Committee on Invalicl 5940. Also, petition urging enactment of legislation for relief Pensions. of Civil War veterans and widows of veterans from the citizens 5962. Also, petition for the enactment of Civil w·ar pension of Buffalo and Selman, Harper County, Okla. ; to the Commit- legislation sent in by citizens of Dubuque, Dubuque County, tee on Invalid Pensions. Iowa ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 59·!1. By Mr. JOHNSON of Indiana: Petition of citizens of 5963. By l\lr. ROl\IJUE: Memorial of Ralph B. Turner and Terre Haute, Ind., for the passage of a bill to increase Civil others of Macon County, Mo., opposing enactment of House 'Var pensions; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. bill 10311, or any similar measure; to the Committee on the 5942. By 1\fr. KIEFNER: Petition from adult citizens of District of Columbia. Iron County, 1\lo., against the pa sage of legislation regulating 5964. By l\lr. SI.l\11\IONS: Petition of citizens of Cozad, Sunday observance; to the Committee on the District of Scotia, Kearney, and Sidney, Nebr., urging the passage of Columbia. . legislation granting increased pensions to veterans of the Civil · 5943 . .Also, petition of citizens of Farmington, Mo., w·ging War and widows of veterans; to the Committee on Invalid the passage of legislation to aid Civil War veterans and wid- Pensions. ows of veterans; to .the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 5965. By Mr. SINCLAIR: Petition of citizens of North and 5944.· Also, petition of citizens of Ellington, Mo., urging the I South Dakota, urging legislation for the relief of Civil War passag:e of legislation to aid the veterans of the Civil War and veterans and widows of veterans; to the Committee on Invalicl widows of veterans; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. . Pensions. LXYIII--180 2850 OONGRESSION AL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 3 5966. Also, petition of citizens of Beech, N. Dale, urging Fletcher Johnson Neely Smith Frazier JonPs, N.Mex. Norbeck Smoot action on the Civil War pension bill; to the Committee on Gf'Orge JoneR, Wash. Norris Steck Invalid Pensions. Gerry Kendrick Nye Stephens Gillett Keyes Oddie Stewart 5967. Also, petition of Mrs. 1\Iary E. Dowd and three others Glass King Overman Trammell of McGregor, N. D~tk., urging early and favorable action on Goff La l•'ollette Pepper Tyson the Civil ·war pension bill; to the Committee on Invalid Gooding Lenroot Phipps Wadsworth Gould :McKPllar Pine Walsh, Mass. Pensions. Gr·eene McLean Pittman Walsh, Mont. G968. By 1\Ir. S:\HTH: Resolution adopted by the Pocatello Hale Mc:Master Reed, Pa. ·warren Khm No. 2, Knights of the Ku-Klux Klan, Realm of Idaho, HarriR .l\IcNnry Robinson, Ark. Watson Harrison Mayfield Robinson, Ind. Wheeler protesting agailt.st any liberalizing of the immigration laws; Hawes Means Sackett Willis to the Committee on Immig•·ation and Naturalization. llcfiin :Metcalf Schall 5969. Also, petition signed by 63 citizens of Cambridge, Idaho, Howell ~roses Sheppard protesting against the enactment of legislation providing for The VICE PRESIDENT. Eighty-two Senators having an- compulsory Sunday obseryance; to the Committee on the swered to their names, a quorum is present. District of Columbia. CLAIMS OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 5!.)70. Also, resolution adopted by the Pocatello Klan No. 2, The YICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communi­ Knights of the Ku-Klux Klan, Realm of Idaho, urging that no cation from the Comptroller General of the United States, re­ steps be taken which might involve this country in a war with porting, pursuant to Senate Resolution 227 (ag1·eed to February Mexico ; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 26, 1925) on the examination of the claim of the city of New 5971. By Mr. SWI~G: Petition of certain re~:idents of San York for expenses incurred by said city in aiding to suppress Diego, Calif.. urging the passage by Congress of a bill provid­ the insurrection agaiust the United States during the years in~· increased pensions for Civil 'Var veterans and the widows 1861 to 1865, wllich, with the accompanying papers, was re­ of Ci"til War veterans; to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ ferred to the Committee on Claims. sions. 5972. Also, petition of certain residents of Escondido, Calif., DISPOSITION OF USELESS PAPERS protesting against the passage of House bill 10311 or any other The YICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communi­ bill providing for the compulsory observance of Sunday ; to the cation from the Secretary of the Navy. transmitting, pursuant • Committee on the District of Columbia. to law, file: of useless papers of the Bureau of Engineering, 5973. Al>Jo, petition of certain residents of Beaumont, Calif., no longer needed in the transaction of public business and urging the passage by Congress of a bill granting increased having no permanent value or historic interest, and asking for pen:,;ious to Civil War veterans and the widows of Civil War action looking to their di:;;position, which, with the accom­ veterans ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. panying papers, was referred to a Joint Select Committee on 597 4:. Also, petition of certain residents of San Bernardino, the Disposition of Useless Papers in the Executive Departments. Calif.. urging the passage by Congress of a bill granting in­ The YICE PRESIDENT appointed Mr. HALE and 1\Ir. SWAN­ creased pensions to Civil War veterans and the widows of SON members of the committee O.Q. the part of the Senate. Civil ·war veterans; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 5975. By Mr. TOLLEY: Petition of 25 citizens of Andes, EQUI'fABLE USE OF W ATEBS OF THE LOWER BIO GRANDE Delaware County, N. Y., for a liberalization of the Civil 'Var :Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. President, I ask that the Committee pension laws; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. on Irrigation and Reclamation be discharged from the further 5976. By Mr. VOIGT: Petition of Mrs. Olive B. Brownell and consideration of the message of the President received on yes­ 76 other residents of Palmyra, 'Yis., and vicinity, urging in­ terday relating to the equitable use of the waters of the lower creased pensions for veterans of the Civil War and widows of Rio Grande, and that the message be referred to the Committee veterans ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. on Foreign Relations. The Committee on Foreign Relations 5977. Also, petition of Frank Tirrill and 120 other residents bas been dealing with the question which is dealt with in the of Lodi, Wis., and vicinity. urging increased pensions for vet­ message. erans of the Civil War and widows of veterans; to the Com­ The YICE PRESIDEN'T. 'Vitbout objection, the Committee mittee on Invalid Pensions. on Irrigation and Reclamation will be discharged from the 5978. By Mr. 'WYANT: Petition of the Pine Rtm Presby­ further consideration of the message, and it will be referred to terian congregation, of Apollo, ·westmoreland County, Pa., the Committee on Foreign Relations. urging the passage of the Lankford Sunday rest bill (H. R. 10311) : to the Committee on the District of Columbia. PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS 5979. By Mr. ZIHLMAN: Petition of citizens of Thurmont, The VICE PRESIDEN'l' laid before the Senate the follow-' Md.. urging immediate action and suppcrt of the Civil War ing concurrent resolution of the Legislature of North Dakota, pension bill now pending, to proYide relief for needy veterans which was referred to the Committee on Commerce: and "'ido-ws of veterans ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. STATE OF NORTH DAKOTA, DElPARTMENT OF STATii1. To an to tclwm these presents shall come: SENATE I, Robert Byrne, secretary of state of the State of North Dakota, THUTISDA.Y, February 3, 19£7 do hereby certify that the following concurrent resolution was adopted by the twentieth legislative assembly on the 13th day of January, 1927. The Chaplain, Rev. J. J. Muir, D. D., offered the following [SEAL.] ROBERT BYRNE, prayer: Secretary of State. Our heavenly Father, Thou art all the while thinking of Concunent resolution intt·oduced by Senator Kretschl\}ar our highest interests. As we draw near to the throne of grace this morning we want to rea1ize more and more our depend­ Be it 1·esolr·ed by the Senate of the State of Xorth Dakota (the House of RetJresentati~:es concun'ing therein)- ence upon Thee, and llie necessity of looking at things from Whereas the great and natural resources of the State of North the largest and holiest purposes, and moved by the earnest Dakota are as yet undeveloped, and said State is dependent upon agri­ desire that in all things we may honor Thee. The Lord bles us; ble · our Nation and all in authority. We humbly culture for its prosperity, and agriculture being the fundamental basis for prosperity in all Nortbwe. t States; and ask in J e:sus' name. Amen. Whereas in a large measure, if not entirely, the price of agricultural The Chief Clerk proeeeded to read the Jom·nal of the pro­ products is dependent upon foreign markets; and ceedings of the legislative day of Tuesday last when, on request Whereas the present rates fot' transportation of such products are of l\lr. CURTIS and by unanimous consent, the further reading too high to be in just proportion to the price received therefor at termi­ was dispensed with and the Journal was approved. nal markets, and thus bas a tendency to curtail the production of the CAI.L OF THE BOLL staple articles of agricultm·e needed by all people in all lands; and Mr. CURTIS. Mr. President, I suggest the absE.>nce of a V\'hereas the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence waterway project, if com­ pleted and perfected, will furnish to the people of the State of North quorum. Tlle VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk will call the roll. Dakota a cheaper method of transportation of their products to foreign The legislative clerk called the roll, and the followil1g Sena­ markets, thus assuring them a higher J:evenne for the same; and Whereas the adoption and completion of such project has been re­ tors ans,vered to their names: quested by the farmers and industries of the middle and northwest for Ashurst Bratton Caraway Dill Bayard Broussard Couzens Edge many years last past from the Congress of the United States; and Bingham Bruce Curtis Edward:i Whereas the carriers by rail in this Nation are now demanding in­ ntease Cameron Dale Ernst creased rates for the transportation of grain and grain products, mak- Borah Capper Deneen l!'erri.s