1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2813 to insert •• or in the hands of any owner or holder or of the The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the agent or representative of any such owner or holder " · and in amendments were concurred in. line 7, after the figures "$1,000" to strike out the c~~ma and The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading read " or imprisoned for a period of not exceeding one year, or both the third time, and passed. ' so fined and imprisoned, at the discretion of the court" ; so as Mr. JONES of Washington rose. to make the bill read : Mr. BROUSSARD. Before the Senator moves to adjourn I Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of Agriculture be, and he is would like !o inquire whether when we next take up the cal hereby, authorized a.nd directed to collect and publish annually, on endar we Will start where we leave off to-night? dates to be announced by him, statistics or estimates concerning the Mr. JONES of Washington. It is my judgment that we ' grades and staple le.ngth of stocks of cotton, known as the carry-over, ought to do that, and I have no doubt that such an arrange on hand op. the 1st of August of each year in warehouses and other ment will be sought to be made, at any rate when we take up establishments of every character in the continental United States; the calendar again. and following such publication each year, to publish, at intervals in Mr. BROUSSARD. I am interested in a bill which we have his discretion, his estimate of the grades and staple lenoooth of cotton nearly reached on the calendar. of the then current crop: Provided, That not less than three such . Mr: JONES of Washington. I am interested in a couple of es~ates shall be published with respect to each crop. In a.ny such bills JUSt beyond the last one considered. statil>tics or estimates published, the cotton which on the date for ADJOURNMENT which such statistics are published may be recognized as tenderable on contracts of sale of cotton for future delivery under the United Mr. JONES of Washington. I move that the Senate adjourn States cotton futures act of August 11, 1916, as amended, shall be The motion was agreed to; and the Senate (at 11 o'clock stated separately from that which may be untenderable under said p. m.) adjourned until to-morrow, Thursday February 3 1927 act as amended. at 12 o'clock meridian. ' ' ' SEC. 2. That the information furnished by any individual establish- ment under the provisions of this act shall be considered as strictly confidential and shall be used only for the statistical purpose' for which HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it is supplied. Any employee of the Department of Agriculture who, WEDNESDAY, February Je, 1927 without the written authority of the Secretary of Agriculture, shall publish or communicate any information given into his possession by The House met at 12 o'clock noon, and was called to order by reason of his employment under the provisions of this act shall be the Speaker. guilty of a misdemeanor and shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined The Ch~plain, Rev. James Shera Montgomery, D. D., offered not less than $300 or more than $1,000, or imprisoned for a period of the followmg prayer : not exceeding one year, or both so fined and imprisoned, at the dis Almighty God, the day is Thine; it is full of light and hope· cretion of the court. it wears the smile of Thy love and bears the seal of Thy Smc. 3. That it shall be the duty of every owner, president, treasurer, p~esence; therefore deliver us from the custody of all fear. secretary, director, or other officer or agent of any cotton warehouse, "'e are the people of Thy hand and the sheep of Thy pasture. cotton ginnery, cotton mill, or other place or establishment where Enrich all our lives with higher purposes. Speak to hearts cotton is stored, whether conducted as a corporation, firm, limited that can. not tell their woe. Fill our minds with light, our p~rtnership, or individual, and of any Qwner or bolder of any cotton hea~·ts With peace, and our souls with purity. Keep, 0 keep us and of the agents and representatives of any such owner or holder, until we can not work any more and be there when we fall. when requested by the Secretary of Agriculture or by any special Amen. agent or other employee of the Department of Agriculture acting under the instructions of said Secretary, to furnish completely and correctly, The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and to the best of his knowledge, all of the information concerning the approved. grades and staple length of cotton on hand, and when requested to MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE permit such agent or employee of the Department of Agriculture to examine and classify samples of all such cotton on hand. The request A message from the Senate, by l\Ir. Craven, one of its clerks, of the Secretary of Agriculture for such information may 00 made in a~nounced that ~~e Senate ha!-1 passed without amendment the writing or by a visiting representative and if made in writin" shall l bill H. R. 15011, An act grantmg the consent of Congress to the be forwarded by registered mail, and the registry receipt of th"'e Post 1 Paragould-Hopkins bridge road improvement district, of Greene Office Department shall be accepted as evidence of such demand. Any C?untr,, Ark., to construct a bridge across the St. Francis owner, president, treasurer, secretary, director, or other officer or agent River. of any cotton warehouse, cotton ginnery, cotton mill, or other place The m_essage also announced that the Senate had passed or establishment where cotton is stored, or any owner or holder of ~enat~ bill and Senate joint resolution of the following titles, any cotton or the agent or representative of any such owner or holder m Which the concurrence of the House is requested: who, under the conditions, hereinbefore stated, shall refuse or wil~ S. 4553. An ~ct granting the consent of Congress to the Chesa fully neglect to furnish any information herein provided for or shall peake Bay Bndge Co. to construct a bridge across the Cheaa wilfully give answers that are false or shall refuse to allow agents or l peake B~y from a point in Baltimore County to a point in Kent employees of the Department of Agriculture to examine or classify , County, m the State of Maryland; and any cotton in store in any such establishment, or in the bands of any j S. J. Res .. 152. Joint re~olut~on t? amend subdivisions (b) and owner or holder or of the agent or representative of any such owner or (e) of section 11 of the rmmigration act of 1924, as amended. holder, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, The message alRo announced that the Senate had passed with shall be fined not less than $300 or more than $1,000. amendments House bill of the following title, in which the con- SEc. 4. The Secretary of Agriculture may coopera-te with any depart- currence of the House is requested : ment or agency of the Government, any State, Tenitory, District, or H. R. 15641. An act making appropriations for the Navy De possession, or department, agency, or political subdivision thereof, or partment and the naval service for the fiscal year ending June any person ; and shall have the power to appoint, remove, and fix the 30, 1928, and for other purposes. compensation of such officers and employees, not in conflict with exist STATEMENT OF HON. MARTIN B. MADPEN, OF ILLINOIS ing law, and ma.ke such expenditures for the purchase of samples of cotton, for rent outside the District of Columbia, printing, telegrams, Mr. WHEELER. Mr. Speaker, on January 31 my colleague telephones, books of reference, periodicals, furniture, stationery, office from Illinois [Mr. MADDEN] appeared before the Committee on equipment, travel, and other supplies and expenses as shall be neces Military Affairs and made a very interesting statement in re sary to the administration of this act in the District of Columbia and gard to the Muscle Shoals proposition. I ask unanimous con elsewhere, and there are hereby authorized to be appropriated, out of sent that that statement of his be inserted in the RECORD. any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such sums as The SPEAKER. Is there objection? may be necessary for such purposes. There was no objection. l\fr. WHEELER. Mr. Speaker, under the leave to exteml 1\Ir. KING. Is not that a bill similar to one that was con my remarks in the RECORD, I include the ~ollowing : sidered several days ago? Mr. MAYFIELD. It is along the same lines, but this bill HOUSE OF REPRESEXTA.TIVES, confers power on the Secretary of Agriculture to make these COMMITTE\ OY MILITARY .AFFAIRS, reports, and it was introduced by me long before the other bill Monday, Janttary 31, 1927. was !Jrought in. I want to have this bill passed. It is practi The committee met at 10.30 o'clock a. m., Ron. JoHx M. MoruN cally the same as the other bill. (chairman) presiding. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to The CHAIRMA~, The committee will come to order. There is not a the committee amendments. quorum present, but if there is no objection, we will proceed. We will The amendments were agreed to. hear Mr. M.u>D.&~. 2814 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 liUSCLE SHOALS period. Under the Ford offer there was no provision awarding the fertilizer plants to the Government free of charge. Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Cbalrman and gentlemen of the committee, i!l 1916, when the national defense act was passed, there was incorporated Under the Cyanamid Co.'s offer, they provide that the annual pro duction of fertilizers, after the preliminary period, is to contain 50,000 in that act a provision for the development of Muscle Shoals, and it tons of fixed nitrogen, representing about 312,500 tons of Chilean was declared that when developed, it should be dedicated to the manu facture of nitrates in time of war, for the defense of the country, and nitrate. The Ford offer provided for annual production of fertilizers to con fertilizer in time of peace, for the restoration of soil fertility. tain not less than 40,000 tons of fixed nitrogen, representing about I think that the1·e was a good deal of doubt in the minds of many as to the wisdom of the Government's entering upon the venture at the 250,000 tons of Chilean nitrate. The Cyanamid Co.'s offer, according to the bill, waives all present time, but the doubt was resolved by the Congress in favor of the and future royalties on processes owned now and hereafter. These venture. royalties amount to $1,200,000 per year on the nitrogen-fixing process We have had to depend on Chile in ·a large measure for nitrates alone, if the Government opeL·ates Nitrate Plant No. 2. for our country's defense, and if the establishment of some institution The Ford proposal contained no provision waiving royalties. of our own would make us independent of any other nation and would The lease periotl under the American Cyanamid Co.'s offer is ·50 provide the means of manufacturing our own nitrates, everybody finally years without preferred right to negotiate for renewal, whereas the agreed that it would be wise to establish it. lease- period under the Ford offer was for a hundred years with pre- There has been a good deal of contention since the act was passed ferred right to negotiate for renewal. . as to whether Muscle Shoals would be fully developed. Sometimes Under the Cyanamid Co.'s offer, the Government retains about there bas been contention as to whether we ought to continue making $2,000,000 worth of supplies which have been sold or transferred since appropriations to complete the work ; but all action finally taken the date of the Ford offer. resolved itself in favor of , proceeding to place the establishment in "Cnder the Ford offer, these supplies were to have become the prop a state of preparedness for use by the Government whenever needed. erty of Mr. Fortl's company. I think it is fair to say that most of the men who have served The offer of the American Cyanamid Co. provides that deficiencies in the Congress during the period of the construction of this plant in interest below 4 per cent as provided in the Ford offer are made have not been in favor of Government ownership or operation. They up with interest during the lease period. were willing to have the Government lead the way by making the Under the offer of ~ir. Ford deficiencies in interest amounting investment for the completion of the plant, but after that happened, to $10,000,000 during the first six years on Dam No. 2 and the fir~>t most of them would prefer, I believe, to see the operation conducted three years on Dam No. 3, are not made up at any time. by private hands, always mindful of the fact, of course, of the To the Nation there are some compensating advantages in the ac necessity of protecting the Government's interests. ceptance of the offer of the American Cyanamid Co., although the We have invested $12G,OOO,OOO to date. If we should invest $125,· loss of the Ford proposal was a serious one. 000,000 more, and then should take those two items of $125,000,000 Under the Ford offer, our nitrate plants would have gone to Mr. each and more, and make that as a contribution to the creation Ford. Under the offer of the American Cyanamid Co., our nitrate of soil fertility, we would be doing the best act, in my judgment, plants remain our propeL·ty. We merely lease them. Moreover, ·all that the Government has ever done. fertilizer plants constructed by the American Cyanamid Co. or its It must be clear to everybody that sooner or later we will have subsidiru:ies on the leased premises at their own expense become Gov to enter upon a very active campaign to put the soil back to its ernment property without charge at the eud of the lease period. virgin state if we are going to continue to prosper agriculturally. Mr. Ford did not provide for such an arrangement. If no other States of the Union were to benefit by any investment The annual production of fertilizers after the preliminary period made by the Government than these Southern States surrounding in the Cyanamid offer is to be sufficient to contain 50,000 tons of this plant, and even if Congress confined its action to the restoration fixed nitrogen, as I said, representing 312,500 tons of Chilean nitrate. of the productivity of the soli there, Congress ought to be applauded, In the Ford offer the annual production was to be not less than because it is needed there as much as any place in the United States, 40,000 tons, representing 250,000 of Chilean nitrate. and perhaps more. The duty to the Chilean Government alone on 312,500 tons of nitrate New England is interested in the restoration of its soil fertility, is about $3,500,000, which our farmers will no longer be . required to and it will not be long before we shall have to make a national cam pay each year, if this offer is accepted. The Cyanamid Co. propose paign. It will have to be aggressive, it will have to be in earnest, and to make nitrogen enough for 2,500,000 tons of 2-8-2 fertilizer which it will bave to be continuous, if we are going to compete agriculturally is enough for 500,000 tons a year over and above that proposed by with the world. All the rest of the world keeps up its soil. We have Mr. Ford. forgotten to do that. But we will ha?e to begin to think about it, The Cyanamid Co. waives aU present and future. royalties on fer· if we pave not already begun, and I hope that when this question of tilizers or fertilizer processes which they or their subsidiary or allied Muscle Shoals is disposed of, 1t will be so disposed of as to make a companies now own or acquire in the future. The royalties on the start in restoring soil fertility, cyanamid process when Nitrate Plant No. 2 is operated for the produc It is now about four years since I addressed the House of Repre· tion of 40,000 tons of fixed nitrogen amount to $1,200,000 annually sentatives in favor of the acceptance of the Ford offer for Muscle under a contract with the United States. The company also has Shoals. It was proposed then to sell this plant to Mr. Ford, or lease valuable patents covering necessary methods for the production of a part of it for a period of 100 years. In the course of my remarks concentrated fertilizers, and no royalties are to be charged on any of touching the acceptance of the Ford offer, I made this statement: them. There was no provision in the Ford offer for waiving of " The Government will have been freed from all the hazards attend· royalties. ant upqn such a vast enterprise, it will have been saved the expense Mr. Ford's proposal was for 100 years, after which be was to have of research and experimentation "-because Mr. Ford agreed to enter the preferred rights to negotiate for the renewal of the lease. The upon a campaign of research, to discover the best methods of advancing majority of the House saw no particular objection to that in view of agriculture to a better and more profitable state-" • • • and the the public service which Mr. Ford was to perform. burden will have fallen upon others to keep these plants equipped to The Cyanamid Co.'s lease, however, is for 50 years, with no pre conform with the march of progress." ferred right at the end of that time, an arrangement which objectors I also said to the Members of the House at that time: to the length of the Ford lease will consider preferable. " Do you wish to sink another $109,000,000 into this Muscle Shoals Under the Ford offer Mr. Ford would have received title to all project?" That was an estimate of what it would have cost to materials and supplies in storage at the nitrate plant. Since the complete the enterprise and attempt to operate it ourselves. Later on, date of his proposal, July 8, 1921, about $2,000,000 worth of mate I had the honor of appearing before this committee. It was in Jan- ' rials and supplies have been sold or transferred by the Government, uary, three years ago, at which time I urged you to make a favorable leaving about $500,000 worth of such materials still on hand. report to the House on the Ford offer, and I repeated to you what I Under the Cyanamid offer the company does not get the $2,000,000 stated to the House in February, 1923. worth of supplies at all, and since the property is to be leased, the Now I come and ask you to give favorable consideration to a bill company must return the equivalent of the $300,000 worth of materials which I introduced which is known as the Cyanamid Co.'s offer. I at the end of the lease period. · want to tell you the difference between the two offers and how much Both leases provide a reduction in interest payments during the first better in my judgment the Cyanamid Co.'s offer is than the Ford six years of _the lease of Dam No. 2 and the first three years of the offer was. lease of Dam No. 3. The deficit below 4 per cent arising in this way Under the offer of the Anrerican Cyanamid Co., the Government amounts to $10,836,000. retains title to the nitrate plants. Under the Ford offer, the nitrate In the Cyanamid offer this amount is made up to the Government plants were to be sold to Mr. Fora for $5,000,000. with interest during tbe lense period ; in the Ford offer it was not to Under the Cyanamid offer, all fertilizer plants constructed by the be made up at any time. American Cyanamid Co. at its own expense on the leased premises While Mr. Ford has abundant means to pay for getting experience, becom~ Government property without charge at the end of the lease the fact remains that his company is entirely without experience in 1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2815 the production of· air-nitrogen concentrated fertilizers. The Cyanamid fertilizers, containing not less than 50,000 tons of nitrogen, and they Co., on the other hand, is the only producer of air-nitrogen fertilizer will need operating capital in addition to this $35,000,000. in the United States. They have been engaged successfully in nitrogen The question is, Shall we accept the Cyanamid Co.'s offer requiring • fixation, using Niagara Falls power, for nearly 20 years and are manu a capitalization of $50,000,000 with $35,000,000 of this needed for facturing on a large scale the same concentrated fertilizers that they revision and extension of plants and operating capital besides, or shall would produce at Muscle Shoals under their proposal. we adopt Government operation and spend $50,000,000 more at Muscle After three years, then, I come back to you to-day with a better Shoals and give the farmers no fertilizer and get no return on the offer than Henry Ford's. I am not interested personally in this offer capital and only waste the $50,000,000 and all that has gone before? or in anybody connected with the offer. I want that distinctly under If it will save this Government and our Treasury from wasting $50,- stood. I am interested in the prosperity of agriculture and hence the 000,000 at Muscle Shoals, then I am in favor of authorizing the appro prosperity of the country. And I appeal to you to make a favorable priations required under the Cyanamid offer for the building of Dam report on the bill and let us save the Government from experiments No. 3 and Cove Creek Dam. I stand in favor of the appropriations at Mu cle Shoals that will cost millions. Let us save the Government necessary to build these dams and get 4 per cent upon their cost and from the operation of the fertilizer plants at Muscle Shoals that will finally the return of the principal rather than to waste $50,000,000 lose millions of dollars on top of millions if it is operated by the more in experiments and the failure of Government operation at Muscle Government. Shoals. One is sound business, and the other is a crazy thing to do, if We may pass on, as far as the offer of the 13 allied power companies I may be allowed to use that expression. is concerned, because that offer bas been declared to be without con The case before this committee is not a decision between the power sideration, void, and unenforceable; and, besides, the power otl:'er pro companies' offer and Government operation. The power companies' poses to experiment. My position has not changed in the past four oft'er is dead, and it never will be resurrected, in my judgment, since I years, and I stand now against all fertilizer experiments at Muscle fear it is true that the majority in the House will in the end prefer Shoals, either by the power companies or by the Government. to vote for Government operation rather than to ever vote for the There is a fine place in the industrial life of the United States for power companies to have Muscle Shoals. The decision that you now the power companies. They serve a useful purpose. They are doing have to make is between the acceptance of the Cyanamid Co.'s offer a wonderful thing in the development of power and its distribution. that will save the Government millions upon millions of dollars and They are ma1.-ing for better conditions in many neighborhoods. I have GovernmE'nt operation which will lose the Government millions on top no complaint to make of them. I am not here to denounce them or to of millions of dollars. say anything againstllthem. But, at best, you could not use the power The farmers ask fertilizer relief at Muscle Shoals. They are not that is created at Muscle Shoals through the power companies except asking for much. They have a right to ask it; in fact, we have prom as a local enterprise. ised it to them, and now let us fulfill our promise by accepting the Why do I say that? You can not distribute successfully or profitably Cyanamid Co.'s oft'er. power for power purposes that may be created here or anywhere else The farmers are only asking the dedication of this plant to the pur for more than 300 miles. So that when you limit the scope of an poses for which it was originally constructed. · They want the faith of activity to 300 miles you are bound to make 1t a local institution, the Government kept by the utilization of the agency that has been whereas the manufacture of fertilizer and the purposes for which it is createa by the money of the people for the purpose for which it was to be used are just as wide as the Nation. created, that is all. If we are going to invest Government money in anything less than To tell the farmers that water power at Muscle Shoals should not be a national proposition, we ought to know about it. If there were no used to make fertilizers is to mock, in my judgment, at their needs other use for this power, I would hail the entry of the power companies when more than 3,000,000 horsepower can be developed on the Tennes into this proposition. see River. But as the servants of the American people, as the public servants The acceptance of the Cyanamid Co.'s offer will give us whl!-t we seek. of the Nation, we ought to do everything within our power, as far as We are seeking to find a practical means of helping our farmers. we can see the right way to do it, for the advancement of the best Muscle Shoals is our opportunity to do this, and yet for seven or eight interests of as many of all the people as possible and not for just a few. years we have had nothing but talk and controversy. So I stand unalterably committed to the policy of the utilization or Is there any better evidence than just that one thing alone of the Muscle Slloals for the national problem of defense in time of war and impotency of Government agencies in trying to do business? You can tbe national problem of prosperity iu time of peace by the creation of not do it, because there will be so many fellows trying to grab it away fertilizer and its utilization by the people who are engaged in agricul from the Government and from each other, that there will be no ture, without whose prosperity we all suffer. chance for tbe Government to function, and they will all have advo I am opposed to Government operation of any sort at Muscle Shoals. cates. There will be men from every section of the country tt·ying to I have been OPposed to Government operation anywhere because, by keep it for the benefit of their own constituents. You will not have a the favor of the House of Representatives, I am in a position which majority on anything at any time. We can not help that; that is part gives me just a little better insight into the waste that comes from of the game. It is a part of our institutions. the expenditure of Government money by Government agencies than But just let us forget our local political interests for a moment or are most men. I do not claim any clearer vision than that of anybody two. It would not take over an hour, if we would forget that, to put else, no greater patriotism, no greater interest in the Nation's welfare, this thing on a basis where it would be beyond controversy forever. than any of the other Members of Congress. But they have given me All we have to do is to make up our minds and then act on our own the chance, as the servent of the House, to study, and they have made judgment instead of looking back to see who is disapproving our it obligatory upon me to study, in order that I may be able to report actions. to them at different times, the efficiency or inefficiency of Government It is my judgment that the time has come to act and to show the agents in the transaction of Government business, as compared with country that the House of Representatives can deal with the Muscle private agents in the transaction of private business, and in the Shoals problem in an effective and business-like way ; and, of course, expenditure of their own money where they are required to make a we are not talking for any one but the House of Representatives. profit. We do not go so far as to get into the Senate on this matter. It is So I come to you opposed to Government operation. I am opposed to not the fault of the House that Mr. Ford's proposal was lost, and it any experimentation by the Government at Muscle Shoals, because we is not their fault that Muscle Shoals power to-day is going to the have lost $13,500,000 in our experiments at Nitrate Plant No. 1. We Alabama Power Co. instead of being utilized for the manufacture of tht·ew it away, after we spent the money. cheaper and better fertilizers, as we intended it should be. I am opposed to the experiments proposed by the power companies Let us promptly and decisively accept this offer that is before us to build a new air-nitrogen fixation plant at Muscle Shoals, to cost and then if this opportunity also is lost, the blame for that loss can some $20,000,000, on which the farmers will have to pay $1,000,000 not be laid at the door of the House of Representatives. annually in interest alone, and let our present nitrate plant rust I want to say to you gentlemen right here that the House of Rep down, and with interest and depreciation charges together the experi resentatives is the place fot• this le~;.'isla tion to originate. It authorizes ment proposed by the power companies will cost the farmers $2,000,000 appropriations and we should take the initiative in voting upon it-we a year. I am against experiments at Muscle Shoals; I am in favor of should not wait for the Senate to act first. experience. The lease proposed in my bill is backed by the successful This committee, I feel sure, has the necessary information. You experience of the American Cyanamid Co. in producing fertilizers, and have the facts to favorably report the bill, and when you report it to the terms of the lease are better than the terms of the Ford offer. the House, the Hou e will have the courage and the statesmanship to Since this committee in 1924 made a favorable report on the Ford pass the bill with a majority larger than the Ford offer received. offer, you should not hesitate to report favorably on my bill, because Do not listen to anybody who may tell you it will do no good for the it is better than the ~ord offer. Honse to act because the Senate will not act. Let this committee give The American Cyanamid Co. knows by its experience that it must the House the opportunity to vote on the Cyanamid offer and pass it provide for a capitalization of $50,000,000 to carry out the obligations and fulfill the obligation of the House to the farmers of the country. of their proposal. The Cyanamid Co. estimates that of this capital Let the Senate exercise its own responsibility for either failure or '35,000,000 will be necessat·y to mnke needed alterations in our nitrate success. That is the way I stand. Let us discharge ow- responsi fiiant and extensions for fertilizer plants that will produce concentrated Ibilities and let the Senate do likewise. 2816 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 All of you remember John C. McKenzie. He was one of your hon Mr. JAMES. Mr. MADDEN, you have been in contact with business for ored members here for a long time, and was chairman of the committee a good many years. for some time. I received this letter from him to-day, which I ask Mr. MADDEN. Well, I devoted my life to it as an engineer. the {}rivilege of reading-and then I shall be through. Mr. JAMES. If you bad to bid on a contract on which there were two . It is dated Elizabeth, Ill., January 29, 1927 : other bidders, and If you found that the architect who bad the approval " I have just read your bill for the disposition of Muscle Shoals, and of the contract had solicited money from t11e two other bidders to pay I agree With your statement I saw in the press that it is a better bill the expenses of your office, what chance would you have to get the than the Ford bill, and is, in fact, a real fertilizer proposal and not conh·act, in your opinion? a power proposition." Mr. M~DDEX. I do not know what the gentleman is referring to, but I have not seen John McKenzie since be left here, since he served it is fair to assume that if any one of the three co-ntractors or two, as last on the committee. the case may be, had a man on the inside who had the power to decide "In my judgment, your bill offers a solution of this problem which the questions, that contractor would be likely to have the best chance should be acted upon by Congress without delay. It would end this of getting it- controversy for 50 years, and gives promise of great assistance to the Mr. JA;)IES. What is your opinion of any Government official who agricultural interests of our country. solicit· money from applicants !or power sites to pay the running "Inasmuch as fertilizer at reasonable pl'ices is the one great thing expenses of his office, or a part of them? to be sought !or in this matter, in addition to national defense, it Mr. MADDEN. I think that the Government ought to be big enough to occw·s to me that it would be a splendid thing to have the profits on run on its own expenses. That is the way I ferl about it. No one in all surplus power sold credited on the cost of fertilizer, thereby re the Government service ought to be allowed to ask any outsider to pay ducing the cost that much to the farmers, instead of turning it over any part of the expenses. to the Secretary of War." M1·. JAMES. We had two witnesses before us the other day. This I agree with that. I think tbat that is what ought to be done instead 4 committee tried to pin these gentlemen down to an agreement that, of, as the bill provides, going to the Secretary of War. Let it go in case Congress did not take action on Muscle Shoals, they would toward a reduction of price. do nothing with Cove Creek Dam until the next session. We could " I can see no objection to this; and inasmuch as it would be im not get them to agree to that. As one member of the committee, I material to the lessee, the Government could with good grace make should like to ask you, as chairman of the Appropriations Committee, this concession to the agricultural interests, which in every way seems to whom the Secretary of War and the Secretat·• of Agriculture and to me to be commendable. the Secretary of the Interior have to com~ for their appropriations, " The guaranties !or the production of fertilizer are fair and reason to write each of these gentlemen a personal letter to the effect that able, which, coupled with the incentive to produce fertilizer 'based on in yot1r opinion nothing should be done with refet·ence to the awarding the only profit to the lessee, under the terms of your bill, gives certain or these 11 dam sites until Congress has a chance to ettle the assurance of performance; and while we might quibble over some minor proposition. details in your bill, no bill can be drawn that would be exactly perfect and entirely satisfactory to everyone, and especially to those who desire Mr. MADDEN. I think that we did that some time ago; we have to see this great plant turned over to the power companies. already done that. "Your bill provides for the use of well-known and established Mr. JAllES. That is all. processes of manufacture, and is not based on the speculative ideas Mr. i\1ADDE" . I shall be glad, of course, to answer any que:;:tions of dreamers of new and wonderful processes which up to this time that I am able to answer. have resulted mostly in failures and bankruptcy to those who were Mr. HILL of Alabama. I do not want to ask Mr. Madden any ques credulous enough to undertake the venture. It provides for the leasing tions, but before he leaves, as a representative on this committee, of the property to a lessee trained and experienced in the manufacture belonging to a difl'erent party than his, and coming from .\labama and production of fertilizer material, and it will not be a leap in the where Muscle Shoals is located, I for one want to express my appre dark so far as expectant results are concerned ; it is a sound, sRne ciation of the very magnificent statemc>nt that Mr. Madden has business proposition, and should be accepted. made here tbis morning, and of the help he is trying to give this " I am firmly of the opinion that the Government should keep control committee, and for his interest shown in this matter by the introduc of the Cove Creek reservoir. It is also my judgment that in the event tion of his bill. hereafter of the construction of other dams in the Tennessee River, Mr. McSwAIN. We all concur in that statement. which would be benefited by the Government development at Cove Mr. MADDJ<;~. Thank you very mach.
Creek, hydroelectric developments so con tructed should be required NAVY DEPARTMENT APPROPRIATIO~ BILL to pay a fair and just contribution for the benefits derived, and the proceeds of such contributions should certainly be app1ied and credited Mr. FRENCH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to take in the reduction of the cost of fertilizer produced at Muscle Shoals. fr?m. the ~pea~er's table the bill H. R. 15641, the naval appro " I am fully persuaded that your bill represents the only hope for pnatwn bill, w1th Senate amendments, di agree to all the Sen final solution at this session of Congress, and this can be accomplished ate amendments, and ask for a conference. only by prompt action on the part of the Committee on Military Affairs, 'l'he SPEAKER. The gentleman from Idaho a ks unanimous which has always been equal to the occasion on this matter, and I have consent to take from the Speaker's table the bill 156-U the every confidence in the membership of that committee as now constituted, naval appropriation bill, disagree to all the Senate amenum'ents and then by prompt and favorable action by the Committee on Rules, and ask for a conference. The Clerk will report the bill by which committee I have eyery reason to believe wiH gi>e the legisla title. tion the right of way for action by the House, and if this is done I The Clerk read as follows : am loath to think that the Senate would prevent action at this session, A bill (H. R. 15641) making appropriations for the Navy Drpartment and longer continue this apparently interminable struggle between the and the naval service for the fiscal year en(}lng June 30, 1928, and for friends of national defense and the agricultural interests on the one other purposes. side, and the friends of the power companies on the other. Surely, it must be apparent to all that what the people of our country desire The SPEAKER. Is there objection? is to have this matter concluded and on a basis which will carry out Mr. GARRETT of Tenne. ee. Reserving the right to object, the intent of section 124 of the national defense act, thereby pre Mr. Speaker, I would like to ask the gentleman from IChicago Tribune that you have been ill mous wish of the members of the subcommittee. for ome time and trust that you are now fully recovered and back The SPEAKER. Is there objection? at your post in the House. There was no objection ; and the Speaker announced as the "With kind regards, I am, conferees on the part of the House Mr. FRENCH, Mr. HARDY, Mr. "Your friend, TABER, Mr. AYREs, and Mr. OLIVER of Alabaftla. "JoHN C. McKENZIE." PROCEDUBE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATlVES Gentlemen, that is all I wish to say. have given you the benefit of the best judgment that I have. I leave to your good sense and patriot Mr. SNELL. Mr. Speaker, I .ask unanimous consent to pro ism such action as you think may be proper to take. ceed for 1ive minutes. 1~27 CONGRESSIONAL R~CO~-HOUSE 2817: The SPEAKER. The gentleman from New Yol'k asks.unani The SPEAKER. The Chair has lJefore him the statute, mous consent to proceed for five minutes. Is there objectwn? which is as follows: · There was no objection. Parliamentary precedents : Thet·e shall be printed and bound 2,500 Mr. Si'i'ELL. 1\.fr. Speaker, I ask that House Resolution 380 copies of Hinds' Precedents of the House of. Representatives of the be read for the information of the House. . United States, with reference to such cases of procedure in the United The SPEAKER. Without objection, the resolution Will be States Senate as may be useful in connection therewith, and also with rend for the information of the House. reference to such laws of Congress as may relate to the House of Rep There was no objection. resentatives and its membership, with a supplement thereto bringing The Clerk read as follows : such precedents down to date. Such compilation shall be of the typo graphical style, size of page, and of the style of indexing used in IIouse Resolution 380 House Document No. 576, Fifty-fifth Congress, second session, known Resolved, That there shall be printed and bound for the use of the as "Parliamentary Precedents of the House of Jtepresentatives of the House 1,500 copies of a revision of " Procedure in the House of Repre· United States," and shall be divided into volumes each approximately scntative ," to be printed under the supervision of CLARENCE CA:!i!'ION of the size of the saiu House Document No. 576. The sets of volumes and to be distributed to Members by the Speaker. shall be distributed as follows : One set to each Representative, Dele gate, and Senator in the Sixty-sixth Congress and one set to each ~!r. SNELL. Mr. Speaker, practically all of the Members of Representative, Delegate, and Senator in the Sixty-seventh Congress the House are familiar with that small green book known as who is not a Member of the Sixty-sixth Congress ; one set to each "Procedure in the House of Representatives," by CLARENCE committee room of the House and Senate; one set each to the ....Senate CA.:KNO~. That book was printed by authorization of a resolu and the House branches of the legislative drafting service; 10 sets to tion of the Hou e on Sl"ptember 27, 1919. The supply of those the Library of Congress; 10 sets each ·to the Honse and Senate libra book has been long since exhau ted. There are a great many ries; 500 copies for distribution to the State and Territorial libraries rcqueRts coming to the Speaker's office and to the chairman of and designated depositories as in the case of documents printed under tlle Committee on Rules from the new Members of the House section 54 of the act approved January 12, 189::> (28 Stats., p. 608) ; for copil"s of this book. It is a most important book. It is .a and when such precedents are prepared the Superintendent of Docu book that i referred to very often, and personally I use 1t ments of the Government Printing Office shall notify each of the State much more than I do the l\Ianual, because it has the condensed and Territorial libraries and designated depositories that such prece procedure and citations to all the precedent and practices of dents are available for di tribution to them, if requested witnin 90 the House and is very easy to refer to. days after the receipt of such notice, and any such remaining at the 1\Ir. CA~NON bas kindly consented, with the help of Mr. Lehr end of such period shall be delivered by the Superintendent of Docu Fe · \ the House parliamentarian, to bring tllis book down to ments to the Doorkeeper of the Honse of Representatives for disposal date without any expense. as provided for herein, and the residue to the folding room of the I appreciate the fact that this resolution should be presented IIouse, to be distributed by the Doorkeeper, commencing with the by the chairman of the Committee on Printing, but I have Sixty-eighth Congres , one set to each Representative, Delegate, or spoken with him in regard to it, and he has requested me to Senator who has not previously received one. The supplement shall present the resolution. I have taken the matter up with the be prepared by CLaREXCE A. CAl-NON, who shall also prepare a complete printing establishment, and I find that the . cost for the first index digest of the work and supervise the printing thereof without 1,000 copies will be $653.42. The next 500 w!-11 ~ost $300. The compensation. The plates used in printing the work shall be the reason why I limit the number to 1,500 cop1es 1s that we are property of the Government and shall be preseiTed for such future u e not entitled by a simple resolution to print more than that as may be hereafter authorized. The cost of printing and binding number. I feel that we should take advantage of the services such precedents shall be charged to the allotments for printing and of 1\!r. CANNON and Mr . .Fess, who are willing and amply able binding for Congress current at the time of the performance of the to revise this book and bring it down to date. work. I ask for the immediate passage of this resolution. It seems ro the Chair this would involve a reprint of the 1\!r. CHINDBLOM. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? entire set, with the addition of those precedents which llave 1\fr. SNELL. I ~ield. been brought down to date. Mr. CHJ~~BLOM . I want to commend the gentleman for the Mr. GARRETT of Tenne see. Mr. SpE'aker, does not the proposal he has submitted. I earnestly hope it will pass. statute which the Speaker just read confine it to Senate In that connection I would like to inquire whether or not precedents? the1·e is any hope of an early reprint of Hinds' Precedents? _ The SPEAKER. Both Senate and House precedents. I will say to the gentleman that I have been a Member of the Mr. SHALLENBERGER. Will the gentleman from Kew House for eight years, and, as everybody knows, I am interested York yield for a question? in the rules and precedents of the House, and I have been Mr. Sl\'ELL. Yes. unable to obtain for myself a copy of Hinds' Precedents. I have l\Ir. SHALLENBERGER. I ju. t came into the Chamber. to go to the library for one when I have occasion to consult it. Are these books to be for the use of Members? Mr. SNELL. The work on which 1\Ir. CA~NON i ~ now en Mr. SNELL. Yes; they a1·e to be distributed among the gaged will soon be completed. I understand the new edition Members through the Speaker's office. I will say for the in will be ready by the opening of the next ses ion of Congress. formation of the House that this resolution is in the same form Mr. CHINDBLOl\I. Will that include the whole of the as the old re olution, but as a matter of practice I think they ,-olumes and recent decisions? will be distributed through Mr. CAN:.X0:8. He will divide them :Mr. SNELL. Yes; I so understand. among the Members of the Honse and give each Member a 1\!r. GARRETT of Tennessee. 1\!r. Speaker, will the gentle fair supply of them. There is no question about the distri man yield? bution. Mr. SI'I."'ELL. Yes; I shall be glad to. Mr. SHALLENBERGER. How do the Members secure 1\!r. GARRETT of Tennessee. I do not think the order copies-by application or will they be mailed to the Members? upon whlch the gentleman from l\Iissouri (1\!r. CANNON] is Mr. SNELL. I can not answer that question. proceeding makes it possible at all for a reprint of Hinds' 1\!r. GARRETT of Tennessee. Let me say to the gentleman Precedents, but I think it would be a very desirable thing in from Nebraska that the resolution for which the gentleman time to come, when the Cannon supplement bas brought the from New York is asking consideration now is not for Hinds' IJrecedents up to date, and then we may have a reprint of Precedents but for a reprint of the small manual prepared by Hinds' Precedents. by Mr. CANNON. The resolution provides that these copies shall 1\!r. SNELL. I think that should be done. It is a valuable be distributed through the Speaker. I presume copies will be work, and a large number of Members use it every day. mailed to the Members, although I do not know exactly as to Mr. TILSON. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? that~ 1\!r. SNELL. I yield. 1\!r. SHALLEJ\TBERGER. I was ju t desirous of knowing Mr. TILSON. Without a reprint of Hinds' Precedents the the means whereby Members would secur~ copies. Cannon redsion will be practically useless except to Members 1\Ir. DOWELL. 1\Ir. Speaker, reserving the right to object, who already have the Hinds' Precedents. In other words, the may I inquire whether this will include the precedents up to work of Mr. CaNNON is not in itself complete. It is simply an date or shall we need another edition? addition to the work of l\Ir. Hinds and will have to be used in Mr. SNELL. I unde1·stand they are going to bring them up connection with it. Therefore, in order to make it useful to to date. Members who have not copies of Hinds' Precedents, it will be Mr. DOWELL. That is, decisions made since the pre ent necessary to have a reprint of Hinds' Precedents. copy was prepared will be placed in the new edition? Mr. SNELL. I will be glad to look into that question. 1\Ir. SNELL. That is the intent. LXV III--178 2818 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the the consideration o.f the bill ( S. 3928) authorizing the designa- gentleman from New York? tion of an ex officio commissioner for Alaska for each of the There was no objection. executive departments of the United States, and for other ~'he SPEAKER. The question is on agree1ng to the reso- purposes, with Mr. DunTON in the chair. lution. The Clerk read the title of the bill. The resolution was agreed to. Mr. DOWELL. l\Ir. Chairman, I a sk unanimous consent LEGISLATIVE APPROPRIATION BILL that the first reading Of the bill be dispensed With. ·Mr. BLAL,TON. Mr. Speaker, I would like to prefer a unani- The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of tlle mons-consent request. The Committee on Appropriations in gentleman from Iowa. introducing from the floor the legislative appropriation bill There was no objection. yesterday failed to reserve points of order. I ask unanimous l\Ir. DOWELL. Mr .. Chairman, the bill under consideration cousent that points t>f order shall be considered as reserved on has for its purpose the reorganization of the various depart that bill. ments in the Territory of Alaska. For some time there lias The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Texas asks unauimous been an effort made to coordinate ot· unite the various govern consent that points of order be considered as having .been mental actitities in the Territory, bnt up to this time nothin"' reshYed on tlle legislatiye appropriation bill. Is there ob- has been accomplished. "' jection? I am -very sorry that the distinguished chairman of the Mr. TILSON. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object, is committee. the .gentleman from California [Mr. CURRY], by rea- the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. DICKINSON] present? son of a long Illness is unable to be present this morning and l\Ir. BLANTON. Certainly the Committee on Appropriations present this proposition. No one, I am sure, has given this ought not to deprive the membership of that right. subject the careful and painstaking consideration that has been l\Ir. TILSON. The gentleman from Iowa ought not to be given it by the distinguished chairman of the committee. deprived of any right he has gained by the negligence of any 1\Ir. CHINDBLOJ\I. However, will ~he gentleman permit me other party without his being present. It seems to me the to say, we are all very happy to know that the gentleman from gentleman ought to defer his request until the gentleman from California [Mr. CURRY] has been able to be present occasionally. Io,va, in charge of that bill, is present. l\1r. DOWELL. I was just going to say further that we are l\Ir. BLANTON. It is not the majority that usually reser>es all pleased, indeed, that the distinguished chairman is recover points of order; it is the minority, and that is a matter of right ing fi·om his long illness and is now able to visit the House for the membership should not be depriYed of. . short perio& of time, and we earnestly hope his recovery may Mr. TILSON. The gentleman is lawyer enough to know that be complete in a very short time. [Applause.] when one has slept on his rights he has no right to ask that The distinguished chairman introduced a bill some years they be restored. I hope the gentleman will withhold his ago that had for its purpose the consolidation of all the govern request until the gentleman from Io"a [.Mr. DICKINSO~] can be mental activities in Alaska under one board which was to con present. duct its transactions in the Territory of Alaska. Long bear- l\Ir. BLANTON. l\Ir. Speaker, I withhold it. But 1 shall ings were held on this proposition, and after a very thorough 1-enew the request later. The :Members of the House have the investigation it was found that the various departments of the right to expect that some member of the Committee on Appro- Government were opposing the releasing of their activities in priations will reserve all points of order when the bill is int1·o- Alaska to a commission formed under the provisions of the. bill ducell. At the moment this bill was introduced I was attending that was then under consideration. This opposition developed an important committee meeting, otherwise I would haYe seen to such an extent that finally the legislation was not pressed to it myself that points of order were reserved. further fer consideration. PERMISSIO ,. TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE This bill contains only a part of th.e provisions which were contained in the original bill. So far as I am concerned, I 1\Ir. HOWARD. Mr. Speaker, I ask permission to talk to ha>e fav-ored, and to-day favor, a consolidation of the activ-ities the House for about 10 minutes. • of the Government in Alaska, believing as I do that this will The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Nebraska asks unani- render more efficient and economical service to the Govermnent. mons consent to address the House for 10 minutes. Is there Alaska, as we all know, is located a long distance from the objection? heads of the de11artments in the city of Washington. ~'his re- Mr. JOHNSON of ·washington. 1\Ir. Speaker, reserving the quit·es a great deal of time, and many things can not be trans right to object, can not the gentleman take his time durin~ the acted in Alaska because of the fact they must be taken up consideration of one of the bills brought up by t~e. Committee with the department here in Washington. Many acti>ities must on Territories? w·oulU not the gentleman be wllhng to take fail in their purpose there it seems to me by reason of the Joncr his time in that way? . . delay caused by the nedessity of takin'g up each individual l\1r. HOW ~RD. 'Ihe House Is always ~rnd to me and tlle 1 matter with the head of the department in Washington. gen~leman Will -.;mderstand that the only time I get. an oppor- This bill takes three of the departments active in the Ter tun~ty to speak IS ~hen I get t~e ~o?sent of the entire House. ritory of Alaska, to wit, Agrirulture, Commerce, and Interior, I will not ask for time frOJ..? an rndiVIdual. . and the bill provides ·for the naming by each of these clepart- 1\lr. JOHNSON of ~aBh:rng~on. Then I ObJect. ments of a department head who is to be located in the Ter- The SPEAKER. ObJection JS beard. . . . ritory aud ba ve suuervision over such department in the ~~r. DOW.ELL. I su?g.est to the g~ntlem:;m that without h1s Territory of Alaska. asn:mg for time I am Wilh?g to grant It to him. Mr. SNELL. 'Yill the gentleman yield right there? l\Ir. HOWARD. That IS very good . of the gentleman. l\lr. DOWELL. Yes. 1\Ir. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, may I rnterrupt for a mome~t? l\1r. SNELL. I take it, from a reading of the bill, these It. seems that ·orne one ?ver~ooke~ the matter ~f re~ervrng secretaries are to be appointed from present employees of tlle pomts o~ <_>rder on the leg-Islat~ve bill.. Our committee IS per- departments who are now residing in Alaska and there is no fectl~ w;Umg t';o have any pertrnent pornt of order made when material additional cost to the Government involved. the ~Ill IS coynsid;red. Mr. DOWELL. That is true. There are to be no additional 1\Il. BLAl'\TON. Then I renew my unanimous-consent re- employees by reason of this legislation. que~st, 1\fr. Speaker. . Mr. SNELL. Simply the ones they have residing there now 'Ibe SPEAKER. I s there objection to the request of. the will be designated. gentleman .from Te_xas.? Mr. DOWELL. They are to designate one of the employees There w.ts no obJection. to represent the department in the Territory and to give to that CALENDAR WEDNESDAY representativ-e certain authority that he may use, which will The SPEAKER. This is Calendar Wednesday. Tlle Clerk make it unnecessary to appeal the department at Washington will call the roll of committees. for authority to act in every matter. l\1r. DOWELL (when the Committee on Territories was l\Ir. O'CONNELL of New York. "''ill the gentleman yield? called). l\Ir.- Speaker, ·I call up the bill ( S. 3928) authorizing l\1r. DOWELL. Yes. the designation of an ex officio commissioner for .Alaska for each .Mr. O'CONNELL of New York. And the bill entails no addi- of the executive departments of the United States, and for other tional expense on the Government? purposes. Mr. DOWELL. There is no additional e::\.'"J)enditure. It is The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Iowa calls up the bill hoped that by the cooperation of these three departments they S. 3928, which the Clerk will report. may reduce the number of employees of the Government in the The Clerk read the title of the bill. Territory, and certainly under the provisions of this bill they The SPEAKER. Tllis bill is on the Union Calendar. would not increase them. Accordingly the House automatically resolved itself into the l\Ir. HASTINGS. Will the gentleman yield? Committee of the 'Vhole House on the state of the Union for Mr. DOWELL. I yield to the gentleman. 1927_ CONGRESSION 1\_L RECQRD-HOUSE 2819 Mr. HASTINGS. As I understand it, these employees will be large the powers beyond the power which the Secretary himself designated and have the· authority of an assistant secretary of would have. his department, with power to act in Alaska under the general Mr. DOWELL. Ob, no; I took tt for granted that that was supervision of the department here. understood. My answer included a limitation of the authority Mr. DOWELL. Yes; with whatever authority the Secretary itself. of that department may give to such agent. He will then exer Now there is another provision. In section 5 it gives the cise that authority in Alaska. President certain authority with the consent of the three Secre Mr. HASTINGS. I want to congratulate the committee. I taries to further coordinate and consolidate these departments. have lived under long-distance government every hour of my Perhaps it will not be necessary to use the provision, but when life and I have long advocated the appointment of an Assistant ever it is necessary to transfer from one department to another Secretary of the Interior to reside in Oklahoma, with authority in Alaska, and the three Secretaries consent to it, the Presi to represent the Interior Department there just as this bill pro dent may make such transfer. vides for representation in Alaska. Mr. CHII\"'DBLOM. Will the gentleman yield? 'Mr. DOWELL. Now, may I suggest that those of us who Mr. DOWELL. I will. have had an opportunity to visit Alaska know that the various Mr. CHINDBLOM. The proviso in section 5 in reference to departments there have been operating entirely independent of the board of road commissioners for Alaska seeks only to con eYery other department of the Government. In other words, tinue in force the act prenously passed and app1·oved January each department has operated its own activity without refer 25, 1905, with -reference to that one subject. ence to any other department. This necessitates many duplica Mr. DOWELL. 1\Ir. Chairman, I neglected to state that the tions of service, and, it seems to me, requires many officials proviso in section 5 is an amendment which the House com more than would be necessary if one official could carry on many mittee recommended. It has for its purpose the control of the activities in cooperation with the other departments. This is road legislation in Alaska. The ·Alaska road commissioner the purpose of the legislation-to aid in every way possible and has been giving splendid service and getting splendid results to coordinate the departments in Alaska and get the most effi in Alaska. It was thought by your committee, in view of the Cient service with the least expense to the Government. economical and splendid work this board is doing, that we ought While this bill does not go to the extent I believe it ought to, to confer upon this board all of tl1e power and control over and while it does not contain provisions that I think ought to the consh·uction of roads in Alaska, and that amendment has lie in the bill, it' does much in my judgment to facilitate the been - recommended by your committee. I earnestly hope, in opE:rations in Alaska and will result in great good. the interest of efficiency and economy for the Government~ Mr. 'MOORE of Virginia. Will the gentleman yield? that the amendment will be agreed to. I thank the gentleman Mr DOWELL. I will yield to the gentleman. from Illinois for calling my attention to it. [Applause.] Mr: MOORE of Virginia. The bill has a valuable provision . ·l\Ir. LANKFORD. :Mr. Chairman, as the ranking minority in section 6 which looks to the consideration of matters affect member of the Committee on Territories, I am in favor of the trig mu~h grea'ter consolidation than is attempted by the bill bill. The statement made by the gentle:qtan from Iowa [.Mr. itself. DowELL] and the report filed by the chairman of the com Mr. DO,VELL. I was coming to that. The last section in mittee expresses fully my views in connection with the bill. I the bill provides that the Secretary of the Interior shall make desire the hour's time, however, for control -if I am entitled investigation in these matters and report ~o the Congress later to it. such further consolidation and cooperation as can ue carried The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman is entitled to one hour. -on there. It is boped that out of this investigation and out 'l'he question might fu·st arise, however, whether anyone else of this report much can be done for the Territory of Alaska. is opposed to the bill. He would be entitled to control of the The fact that Alaska is located so far away from the seat time. Is any gentleman opposed to the bill? of government at Washington that many things can not be 1\Ir. RANKIN. l\Ir. Chairman, I am opposed to the bill, but don·e there for the benefit of the Government and the people of I have no objectiqn to the gentleman from Georgia controlling Alaska, because not being in direct contact with B.ffairs there. the time. 1\Ir. MORTON D. HULL. Will the gentleman yield? The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the gentleman from Mr. DOWELL. Yes. Georgia will control the time for one hour. Mr. MORTON D. HULL. Is the authority of the commis There was no objection. sioner a variable thing, subject to change from time to time by 1\Ir. LANKFORD. Mr. Chairman, I yield 15 minutes to the the Secretary at Washington? . gentleman from Texas [Mr. CoNNALLY]. Mr. DOWELL. The Secretary may at any time under this l\Ir. TILSON. Of course, it is understood, Mr. Chairman, bill curtail the authority of his representative in Alaska. that the gentleman from Georgia will take care of those who Mr. MORTON D . HULL. He may curtail and enlarge as are opposed to the bill? That is what the rule is made for. the necessities of the case may require? Mr. LANKFORD. I shall be very glad to do that. 1\-It·.· DOWELL. Yes; it gives f.!Jll discretion to the three Mr. CONNALLY of Texa. ·. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous Secretaries. consent to speak out of oruer. Mr. LINTHICUM. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. DOWELL. 1\Ir. Chairman, I do not want to object, but Mr. DOWELL. I will. we have a number of bills here and we ha\e been \Taiting a J\1r. LINTHICUM. Why do you leave out the Treasury De long time to get this day. We desire to take care of the busi partment-are there not tax questions that ought to be settled ness of the Territories. Can not the gentleman take less time promptly? or speak on some other bill, when we are not so pressed for Mr. DOWELL. That is perhaps a little different. time? Mr. LINTHICUM. Tax questions might arise in the admin Mr. CO~NALLY of Texas. I hope the gentleman will not istration of-the local affairs in Alaska. It is difficult enough object. to settle them here, and how those living up there get them Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, I hope the gentleman will not arranged I do not see. It seems as if the Treasury Department object. There are certain gentlemen on this side of the House might have some representative on the ground and that it who have short speeches they desire to make. The gentleman would be as useful as would a representative of the Department will not save any time by objecting. of Commerce or a representati-ve of the Agricultural Depart Mr. DOWELL. I am not seeking to object; I was only ment. wondering if we can not get along with several bills that we l\lr. DOWELL. I am hoping that the enactment of this legis have here. lation will bring before the Congress, in a way, the necessity for Mr. CO~NALLY of Texas. I think the gentleman's program coordinating every activity in Alaska, and in the future we may will be expedited if he will not object. be able to get the cooperation of every department in working Mr. DOWELL. We have a number of bills here. I am not out the great problems up there. going to object. · Mr. KETCHAM. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. CONNALLY of Texas. I thank the gentleman from Mr. DOWELL. Yes. Iowa. Mr. KETCHAM. In the gentleman's reply to the question The _CHAIRMAN. Of course, the rule is that the remarks of of the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. HULL] the gentleman said the gentleman must be confined to the bill under consideration, that he was sorry-- but without objection, the Chair takes it he may proceed on Mr. DOWELL. I think there should be full authority. another subject. Mr. KETCHAM. The point I was making is in the further Mr. CONNALLY of Texas. :Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of reply the gentleman said that the Secretary could limit the the committee, I desire to call the attention of the House to the powers of these commissioners or enlarge them. There is a action of one of its very important committees, namely, the limit, howeyer, to the point of enlargement; he could not en- Committee on Foreign Affairs. There can hardly be a phase of 2820 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 governmental activity more important than the foreign rela against the aggressions of any foreign power for any cause and tions of the United States, involving, as they always do, ques against any form of aggression. tions of large policy and potentialities for peace or war. It In other words, the resolution solemnly lays down the prin would seem that any committee which under the rules of the ciple or policy that if Costa Rica or Guatemala should become House is designated as the agency to advise the House upon invoh-ed in a dispute with Nicaragua and should see fit to take such questions would at least be supposed to transact its affairs up arms or make any form of aggression against Nicaragua not alone with intelligence and judgment but with information. it would then become the solemn duty of the Government of Yesterday the Committee on Foreign Affairs by a majority the United States to repel that aggression if made against the vote approved House Resolution 357. That resolution was in Diaz Government which is now in control in Nicaragua. troduced on the 4th of January, 1927, and related to matters l\1r. BOWLING. Will the gentleman yield for a question? whith were touched upon in the President's address delivered :M~·. COXNALLY of Texas. In a moment. In control, not to this House on January 10. because Diaz is able to maintain his own regime but because I call the attention of gentlemen to the sweeping character he can retain it only by the force and power of the United of the resolution and to the slavish and obsequious servitude States marines. which it evidences on the part of a majority of the Committee :Mr. BOWLING. I s it a fair interpretation of the resolution on Foreign Affairs to the executive arm of the Government, to say that it makes a sale of arms to any faction in Nicaragua whether right or wrong, whether informed or uninformed. The an act of aggres ion such as to cause us to repel it? re olution reads: l\It·. CONNALLY of Texas. I will say to my colleague I Resolved, That the House of Representatives of America hereby ex think it does, because it says : presses its full concurrence with the President. • * • To support the constitutional Government of Nicn.ragua, as recog ~'he resolution could very pro11erly have stopped there be nized by the Government of the United States, against any aggression cause its whole tenor and effect when boiled down simply means by any foreign power, whether such aggression be by direct act or that first line. indirectly through furnishing, or permitting to be furnished, arms, Reso lved, That the House of Representati>es hereby expresses its full ammunition, or soldiers in aid of attnck upon the saiU constit utional concurrence with the President- Government of Nicaragua. It is much like "me too," as suggested by my colleague from According to the construction which I place upon this reso South Carolina [Mr. STEVENSON]. lution, if any foreign power in Central or South America :Mr. RANKIN. l\Ir. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? should sell arms to revolutionists or permit arms to be fur l\1r. CONNALLY of Texas. Yes. nished to revolutionists, this resolution declares it to be the duty l\lr. RANKIN. Was the resolution passed yesterday or to of this Government to take up arms to repel that aggression and day? · maintain the Diaz regime and, in effect, suppress the revolution. ~Ir. CONNALLY of Texas. Yesterday. All Members present know that in case of a revolution in any 1\lr. RANKIN. Yesterday our foreign policy in Nicaragua, country under international law any government bas a right as expressed by the Secretary of State, was to protect American to sell arms and ammunition to either one of the belligerents. life and property, but the policy as now announced this morn That is a right for which this Government contended in the ing by the Secretary of State is to hold Diaz in power until World War long before we entered that terrible tragedy. We 1928. I wondered whether the committee had beard of the maintained the proposition that neutrals had a right to sell change. arms and ammunition to either of the belligerents. To deny :Mr. CONNALLY of Texas. I thank my colleague. I intend such a proposition would be to deny the right of any people by to touch on that in a moment. The gentleman, of course, refers revolution to overthrow their government, whic·h is a right to the Associated Press dispatches in this morning's paper that is recognized and known all over the world under every which purport to contain a statement by the Department of civilized system. State to the effect that Sacasa will not be recognized in any Mr. LAGUARDIA. Will the gentleman yield? event, although he may overthrow by force of arms the Diaz Mr. CONNALLY of Texas. I will. r€-gime which has been recognized by the Department of State. Mr. LAGUARDIA. Did not that question come up squarely 1\lr. O'CONNELL of New York. No matter what happens. before the Government in the World War? Mr. CONNALLY of Texas. To resume the reading of the Mr CONNALLY of Texas. I ~aid a moment ago that such resolution- was the principle which the Government of the United States Reso7rcd, That the House of Representatives of the t::nited States of had maintained. But. gentlemen, that is not the most serious America hereby expresses its full concurt·ence with the Pr<>sident, and aspect of this resolution. This resolution was acted upon by pledges its support, in protecting the life and property of citizens of the the Committee on Foreign Affairs without any official informa United States in l\Iexico, and in protecting the rights and interests of tion save and except the President's message, which was reau the T;nited States and of its citizens in Nicaragua, including the treaty in this Chamber. The Senate Committee on Foreign Relations rights of the United States to construct an interoceanic canal through had before it the Secretary of State. The Secretary of State Nicaraguan territory, and with due regard to the protection of the remained before that committee for several hours, and it is Panama Canal, and also with due regard to the rights and obligations presumed that during that time the Secretary imparted to the of the United States embodied in existing treaty with the Government Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate full and com of Nicaragua- plete information in so far as he possessed it relative to the situation in Nicaragua, and yet the Senate committee, in pos And I want gentlemen to particularly observe the following session of all the facts from the Department of State, did not significant phmses-- see fit to adopt any resolution of praise or any resolution of which obligations, as well as the tre-aty rights of the United States, in any character in relation to the Nicaraguan situation. the opinion of the House of Representatives, require the lJnited States The Senate committee informed refused to act; the House Government to support the constitutional government of Nicaragua, as committee uninformed is determined to act. In the Committee recognized by the Government of the United States, against any aggres on Foreign Affairs motions were made by various gentlemen, by sion by any foreign power, whether such aggression be by direct action the distinguished gentleman from Virginia, that the committee or indirectly through furnishing, or permitting to be furnished, arms, invite the Secretary of State to come before it and to lay before ammunition, or soldiers in aid of attacks upon the said constitutional the committee information as to what lives of American citizens gowrnment of Nicaragua. were in danger, and as to what property of American citizens Mr. RANKIN. ~'he gentleman does not mean that the dis were threatened, as to any and all facts relative to this yery tin~uished apostle of peace on the other side, the gentleman delicate and critical international situation, to make a full and from Pennsylvania [Mr. PoRTER], voted for that resolution? free statement. It was suggested that the chief of the Central l\lr. CONNALLY of Texas. No: I think the chairman of the American Division of the Department of State be invited to eornruittee was in the chair, and it was not ·necessary for him appear before the committee. But the committee, confirmed in to Yote. its ignorance, refused to hear any proof or any facts whatever :;.'!Ir. R.Al\TJ{JN. I am glad to hear that. from the State Department. :1\Ir. CONNALLY of Texas. I want to absolve the gentleman Mr. MOORE of Virginia. 1\Ir. Chairman, may I interrupt the from Pennsylvania from the charge of actually casting a vote gentleman? for the resolution. I want to call attention particularly to the Mr. CONNALLY of Texas. Certainly. wording of the resolution. It asserts that because of certain Mr. MOORE of Virginia. It seems to me that one of the trenty obligations relating to the interoceanic canal that the most pertinent comments on the acts of the committee ·s by United States is required to support the constitutional govern Mr. George Rothwell Brown in to-day's issue of the 1\ra::;bington ment "as recognized," which means the Diaz Government, Post. This is what that eminent observer and critic says : .1927 • C-ONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2821 The House Foreign Affairs Committee indorses the State Depart out apparent opposition. He stated that the purpose of the move was ment's Nicaraguan policy and hopes eventually to ascertain what it is. to drive the Liberals from the callinet and to restore the Conservative Party to the power which it enjoyed before the recent "fraudulent • [Laughter.] Mr. CONNALLY of Texas. I thank my colleague for that elections." He wishes Solorzano to remain as President and himseU to be appointed minister of war or to have complete control of arms. contribution. But I will say to the gentleman that while I The Liberals are not disposed to retire from the cabinet, even under think the comment of Mr. Brown is a very apt one, I think he is reckoning without his host when he hopes thal the Committee Chamorro's threat of anarchy and revolution. on Foreign Affairs ever expects to know what that policy is. Chamorro's armed men are fighting in the streets and are said [Laughter.] to have killed two men in front of the President's palace. They threaten The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Texas to seize the latter place and to control the entire situation by force has expired. of arms if necessary. Mr. CONNALLY of Texas. May I have some additional The day after the Conservative coup, President Solorzano time? and General Chamorro signed an agreement, which provided: Mr. LANKFORD. I yield to the gentleman 10 minutes. (1) For the rem-oval of the two Liberal cabinet members and The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Texas is recognized other Liberal officeholders; {2) for the support by the Con* for 10 minutes more. servatives of President Solorzano, whose Government thence Mr. CONNALLY of Texas. The Committee on Foreign Af forth was to be Conservative; (3) for general amnesty; ( 4) fairs does not care what the policy of the administration in for the payment of $10,000 to General Chamorro for expenses Nicaraguan affairs may be so far as this resolution is con incurred iJ! connection with his coup; and (5) for the appoint cerned. It means to approve that policy regardless of what ment of General Chamorro as commander in chief of the army it is. for sufficient time to guarantee peace. This resolution was prepared on January 4. The President's Thus, by effecting by force of arms, a reorganization of the reasons for his action were not known to this House until Government in such a way that President Solorzano was re January 10. That is to say, the resolution was prepared almost tained as the nominal head, but had no real power, while he a week before any knowledge was had in relation to the ques himself was virtually military dictator of the country, General tion, and the author of this resolution was then ready to ap Chamorro adhered to the actual letter, but flagrantly violated prove the policies in reference to Nicaragua. the spilit of the general treaty of peace and amity signed at the The gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. RA...~xm] suggests that conference on Central American affairs at Washington on Feb this morning's paper contains a statement-an Associated Press ruary 7, 1923, and subsequently ratified by Nicaragua. Article dispatch-to the effect that Sacasa, the leader of the Liberal II of that treaty states, in part, that the governments of the re'volt in Nicaragua, will not be recognized by this Government five Cenh·al American Republics- in any event, even though he overturns the Diaz regime, as the will not reco~ any other government which may come into power bead of the revolutionary party. in any of the Republics through a coup d'etat or a revolution against Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the committee, that is a a recognized government so long as the freely elected representatives of denial by the .State Departmeht of the generally accepted rights the people thereof have not constitutionally reorganized the country. of people to adopt and possess and enjoy their own forms of government and their own political processes under their right The President in his message of January 10, 1927, described of sovereignty. the insurrection of Chamorro and its effect as follows : l\Ir. LINTHICUM. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? In the meantime General Chamorro, who, while he had not actually 1\Ir. CONNALLY of Texas. Certainly. taken over the office of President, was able to dictate his will to the 1\Ir. LINTHICUM. Has not the gentleman omitted to point actual Executive, brought about the expulsion from tbe Congress of 18 out the fact that this not only confirms the President's policy members, on the ground that their election had been fraudulent, and in Nicaraguan matters, but also couples with it his )}Olicy in caused to be put in their places candidates who had been defeated at Mexico according to this resolution, and pledges support in pro the election of 1924. Having thus gained the control of Congress, be tecting the lives and property of American citizens both in caused himself to be appointed by the Congress as designate on Janu Mexico and Nicaragua? It embraces both Mexico and Nica ary 16, 1926. On January 16, 1926, Solorzano resigned as President ragua. and immediately General Chamorro took office. Mr. CONNALLY of Texas. This is a blanket indoL~ement not The United States Government refused to recognize Cha only of what the President bas done in relation to ·both situa morro on the ground that he was an usurper and had seized tions, but it is an earnest to the President to assure him that, power by a coup d'etat. whatever he may do in the future and however he may do it, But what had happened to Sacasa. the Vice President, 1n the his action will have the indorsement of the Committee on For meantime? A special dispatch to the New York Times con eign Affairs. The State Department makes the announcement tained in its issue of December 21, 1925, at a time when Solor that whatever happens in Nicaragua, the revolutionary leader, zano was still the nominal President, but General Chamorro was if successful, shall not be recognized. commander in chief of the armed forces, and in the words of I want to call attention of gentlemen of the House in that President Coolidge- • connection to this fact: That the President, on January 10, laid clown the statement that Solorzano and Sacasa were eleCted, who, while he had not actually taken over the office of President, was respectively, President and Vice President in 1924 and took able to dictate his will to the actual executive-- office in January, 1925. Stated that after the Chamorro coup of October 25, 1925- Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield there? Several officials and members of Congress were imprisoned and or 1\Ir. CONNALLY of Texas. Yes. ders were issued for the arrest of Seiior Sacasa who lived in Leon, and :Mr. RANKIN. I wonder if the gentleman has noticed the his resignation was demanded. • • Doctor Sacasa was warned statement in this morning's paper by the emissary of Sacasa, by telegraph that he might be killed. He rode horseback all one night in which it is stated that- to the Gulf of Fonseca, where a launch took him to La Union, Salvador. Doctor Vaca, the representative of the Sacasa government, says that Sacasa has been officially notified of the determination of the Depart That is a contemporary account of what transpired as a result ment of State (of the United States) not to recognize any other govern of the Cbamorro coup. The constitutional Vice President, under ment in Nicaragua but Diaz's before 1928 ; anything to _secure the threat of arrest by a military dictator, by a military usurper, undisputed authority of Diaz for a year or two while he delivers the had to flee from his country for his personal safety. The Presi goods to the New York bankers. dent states that Chamorro controlled the Government from October, 1925, to and including January 16, 1926, the date of the 1\Ir. CONNALLY of Texas. I thank the gentleman for that purported resignation of Solorzano, the President. interruption. I have not that exact dispatch here, but I knew Upon the resignation of Solorzano as President, Sacasa, the of its effect. But Solorzano and Sacasa were elected to office Vice President, under t}le constitution succeeded to his office. in 1924 and took office in 1925. In October, 1925, Chamorro However, the President holds that because Sacasa was absent raised a revolt in Nicaragua. That revolt was denounced by from Nicaragua, notwithstanding that absence was caused by the President in his message and by the State Department as the usurpation of power by Chamorrq_ and the issuance of being a revolt against the constitutional Government of Nica orders for the arrest of the Vice President, Sacasa became ragua. A news release from the Department of State on Oc ineligible to succeed to the Presidency on January 16, 1926, tober 26, 1925, describes the Chamorro revolt as follows: when Solorzano resigned and Chamorro had himself elected The Department of State is in receipt of a telegram dated October President. And because Sacasa did not return to Nicaragua 25, 1925, from Mr. Charles C. Eberhardt, American minister at 1\Ianagua, during the time Chamorro was acting as President, because Nicaragua, to the effect that Gen. Emiliano Chamorro took charge of he January 14, 1926--remember, now, that would automatically have succeeded to the Presidency? Solorzano was supposed to resign on the 16th of January, I Mr. CONNALLY of Texas. I will say to my colleague that believe it was, 1926, and Chamorro seized power in his own Chamorro drove Sacasa from the country. He then had Con name on January 16. On January 14, two days ahead of those gress to declare Sacasa ineligible to the Presidency prior to the events, the Boston Transcript said: resignation of Solorzano, obviously for the reason that if Solor The Nicaraguan Congress has banished Vice Pl'esident Sacasa, now zano resigned and Sacasa was still eligible, Sacasa would have in Washington, and declal'ed his office vacant, thus clearing the way become the President ; but he had the Congress, the Congress for the assumption of the Presidency of Emiliano Chamorro, War that had been stacked by Chamorro, the Congress which Presi Minister and leader of the Nicaragua coup. President Solorzano ex dent Coolidge denounces as being unconstitutional and whose pects to resign to-morrow, and Chamorro undoubtedly expects to suc acts he refused to recognize-Chamorro had that unconstitu ceed to the office in spite of the wamings of the American minister tional body go through the motion of impeaching Sacasa and at Ianagua and the Nicaraguan minister in Washington that the carry rendering him ineligible to the Presidency of Nicaragua, in ing out of his plans would cause the United States to withdraw its order to then force the resignation of Solorzano and bting about recognition. his own election. And he did bring about by such methods his own election. But the Sacasa revolt broke out in May, 1926. On the 14th, two days before the resignation of Solorzano Unable to secure recognition of his own regime, Chamorro on took place, the Boston Transcript told the country and the October 30, 1926, in the language of the President- world what was about to happen. It related that Sacasa had been impeached and his office declared vacant. How? By the tumed over the executive power to Sebastian Uriza, who had been Congress which the President of the United States says was an appointed designate by the Congress controlled by General Chamon·o. unconstitutional Congress. Chamorro had ousted 18 of its The United States Government refused to recognize SeiTor· Uriza, on members, had unseated them and put his own minions in their the ground that his assumption of the Presidency had no constitutional places. That is the Congress which impeached Sacasa and de basis. clared him ineligible for office. That is the same Congress that It is contended by the Department of State that because elected Chrunorro. That is the same Congress which the Uriza then cony-oked Congress and recalled 18 members who had President of the United States says was unconstitutional. That been expelled by Chamorro the action of the congress in electing is the same Congress which the President said could not legally l Diaz on Kovember 10, 1926, wa.· legal and con. titutional. It elec1: Chamorro. If it could not legally elect Chamorro, bow must be remembered that the 18 members constituted a small could it legally impeach Sacasa? minority of the congress, and that on the election of Diaz 21 1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-. ·HOUSE 2823 members refrained from ;voting. It must not be forgotten that Ours is a great opportunity to build up a sple-ndid spirit of Chamorro had acquired absolute mastery of the Congress. He Pan Americanism, to foster and maintain and strengthen on had overthrown the government by arms. He had driven the the Western Hemisphere political ideals and a dev(}tion and constitutional Vice President from the country. He had com attachment to republican institutions that shall not alone pelled the resignation of the President. He had ousted 18 contrl)ute mightily t(} the progress of liberal institutions but members of Congress presumably because they W(}Uld not bend shall always constitute a vast reservoir of sympathy and sup to his will. Those that remained did his bidding. They im port for the United States in any situation that may arise peached Sacasa. They elected Chamorro President. in the future. The United States can not attain those ends by At his command they elected Uriza. Is it logical or reason a course toward Latin-America that generates suspicion as to able to suppose that because the 18 ousted members were re our purpose, that arouses opposition to our methods, that called the remaining members ceased to be the willing instru alienates the peoples of those republics and stirs within their ments of Chamorro's tyranny? They had elected Chamorro in hearts passion and prejudice. violation of the constitution. They had elected Uriza in defi In (}Ur consideration (}f these great questions of foreign ance of the constitution. Is it not reasonable to assume that affairs I desire to commend President Coolidge's address at they were still obeying the dictates of Chamorro when they Omaha in 1925 before the American Legion. In addressing' the elected Diaz on November 10, 1926? And yet the President of Am'erican Legion the President realized he was talking to those the United States says : who knew of the tragedies and the horrors of war. In speaking to the armed forces that had carried our flag across the sea The action of Congress in designating Seii.or Diaz was perfectly legal the President was appealing to the highest and loftiest im and in accoruance with the constitution. pulses of these patriotic young men, and among other things Diaz assumed the Presidency .on November 14, 1926. On the the President said: following day be appealed to the United States for the-- We can only make America first in the true sense which that means support of the Department of State in order to reach a solution in the by cultivating a spirit of friendship and good will, by the exercise of present crisis and avoid further hostilities and invasions on the part the virtues of patience and forbearance, by being plenteous In mercy, of the Government of Mexico. and, through progress at home and helpfulness abroad, standi.l;lg as an example of real service to humanity. On November 17, 1926, three days after his inauguration, the Department of State recognized Diaz. Skipping tw(} or three more paragraphs, the P1·esident further Admiral Latimer was thereafter authorized to land United said: States marines and to establish neutral zones in Nicaragua, If our country is to have any position of leadership, I trust it may with authority to establish and maintain such other neutral be in that uirection, and I believe that the place where it should begin zones as may be necessary. As a result of these measures the is at home. Let us cast off our hatreds ; let us candidly accept our revolution in Nicaragua seems to have been effectively sup treaties and our natural obligations of peace. We know and every pressed. , The President states that marines were employed one knows that these old systems, antagonisms, and reliance on force in Nicaragua to protect American lives and property. I hold have failed. If the world has made any progress, it has been the here in my hand two photographic cuts from the Washington result of the development of other Weals. Star of January 31, and here is what its description says: If we are to maintain and perfect our own civilization, if we are Above. Marines on duty in troubled Nicaragua ; shows a detachment to be of any benefit to the rest of mankind, we must turn aside from guarding prisoners seized by the Diaz troops, who are supported by the thoughts of destruction and cultivate the thoughts of construction. this Government, at Bluefields, Nicaragua. We can not place our main reliance upon material forces. We must reaffirm and reenforce our ancient faith in truth and justice, in char Below. Sailors of the U. S. S. Rochester, establishing a neutral zone itableness and tolerance. We must make our supreme commitment to in llluefields, Nicaragua. the everlasting spiritual forces of life. We must mobilize the conscience Here is a picture in a local paper showing American marines of mankind. guarding prisoners that were seized by the Diaz government that is being supported by our own Government. Sent to Nica Gentlemen, these are the words of the President of the ragua to protect American lives and property, they are em United States-lofty words, noble words, words announcing the ployed after they are there, according to the Washington Star, doctrine that America can only become great by clinging fast to guard prisoners seized by Diaz. to truth and justice-eommitting ourselves- Gentlemen of the House, the action of a majority of the For to the everlasting spiritual forces of life; mobilizing the conscience of e-ign Affairs Committee of this House in approving all that has mankind. been done in Nicaragua and all that may be done without se Oh, 1\Ir. Chairman and gentlemen of the committee, I appeal curing information from the State Department as to what has to the President of the United States, I appeal to the Presi been done, or what is proposed to be done, or what is now dent of October 6, 1925, I appeal to the President of the United being done, is a most remarkable proceeding. The minority of States who lifted his voice before the American Legion and the committee urged that the committee and the House be ad solemnly laid before those young men these splendid truths vised by the Department of State. Our requests were denied. and traditions; I appeal to that President to put those noble The Congress ought to know what American lives were im policies into force in our dealings with Nicaragua and its periled. It ought to know what American property was dam people. [Applause.] aged or injured or threatened. So far as this House knows, no The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Texas American citizen has been imperiled. So far as we know, not has again expired. one dollar of American p~operty has been damaged. We ought Mr. LANKFORD. Mr. ChaiTman, I yield the gentleman to know whether American corporations are active in the politics from Texas five additional minutes. of Nicaragua. We ought to know how many neutral zones have :Mr. CONNALLY of Texas. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of been established. We ought to know where and why they were the committee, there are those who advocate isolation-splendid established. We ought to know if Amelican marines are being isolation. The present administration, if it maintains a course employed to protect Amelican lives or are being employed to of conduct toward weaker countries, such as its present course protect Diaz from the wrath of his own people. We ought to toward Nicaragua, it will become isolated from the friendship know the facts and all of the facts about Nicaragua. We and good will of Latin America. ought to know the truth and the whole truth. The Committee If the present administration adopts a policy of sending on Foreign Affairs has closed its ears and eyes. It wants no marines into countries of South and Central America not facts. It remains to be seen whether this House will in blind simply to protect American life and property but t(} interfer~ ness and deafness approve the action of the committee. I chal in the domestic political disputes of those Republics, we shall lenge the committee to bring its resolution on the floor of the soon isolate ourselves from much of their trade and commerce. House. Let them bring it (}Ut into open debate. Such a course will arouse the jealousy and enmity of European Gentlemen of the House, the conduct of the foreign relations nations. It will arouse an intense hostility and hatred among of the United States involves questions of tremendous import. our neighbors to the south and the bitter jealousy of the rest The influence of the United States among the nations of the of the world. By such a course the United States can suc world is dependent upon our course. Our international trade is ceed in securing for itself isolation, but it will not be a splen in large measure dependent ·upon the good will of the world. did isolation. It will be an isolation that we should not C(}Vet In dealing with South and Central American countries we .have an isolation from international good will and friendship. The a particular and peculiar interest. It was through the example President has said that "these old systems, antagonisms, and of the United States that they attained their independence. reliance on force have failed." Reliance on force has failed. We have, in effect, guaranteed that independence against Euro Shall we seek an isolation in which reliance on force shall be pean aggression. In that vast territory to the south of us are our only defense--an isolation in which our sword shall be our markets for American goods and trade. only friend? The President says: 2824 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 We can nof place our main reliance u.pon material forces. We must ciency for the reason that there were {!ertain liberties guaran- reaffi.rm our ancient faith in truth and justice. teed to the people that could not be abrogated even in a time How can we impress our neighbors with our faith in "truth of crisis. and justice" if our actions lead them to believe that we "place 1\Ir. MORTON D. HULL. l\1r. Chairman, will the geJ?.tleman our main reliance upon rna terial forces "? yield? Gentlemen of the House, I appeal to the President of the Mr. SUTHERLAND. Yes. United States to read again his speech of October 6, 1925. I 1\Ir. MORTON D. HULL. Sometime last December I ad- ask the President of the United States to go to the Department dressed an inquiry to the Delegate from Alaska with respect to of State ftnd carry in his hand as he goes his speech of Octo- the fish canneries there. I am wondering whether at this mo ber 6, 1925, and to say to his Secretary of State- - ment he is willing to make a public statement about the con- "Mr. Se~reta.ry , we know, and everyone knows, that these old ditions in connection with those canneries? systems, antagonisms, and reliance on force have failed. Mr. SUTHERLAND. Yes. The gentleman has in mind the " I wonde·r if there is not some sort of way to put noble-r deplorable conditions that existed in the remote western section of Alaska. Those conditions have been corrected within the principles into force in our dealings with Nicaragua and Latin past year, perhaps within the past two years, to a great extent. America. . The canning interests finally came to the conclusion that it was "I wonder, Mr. Secretary, if, with all the resources of your time for them to recognize the demands of the people of Alaska office we can somehow or other let the people of South and nt;al America know that the United States does not place and the demands of the press of the United States for decent Ce conditions in the canneries. Because of that they agreed to its 'main reliance upon material forces.' Can not we devise and did inspect all men who were employed in the canneries. some way to let Central America and South America know They inspected them at Portland, San Francisco, and other that when we announce that we intend to protect American ports before they went on board the boats to go north. They lives and property we clo not mean to invade the sovereignty of rejected opium addicts, they rejected known criminals, and did Nicaragua, or that of any other self-governing people? Can not improve the class of labor they took up to the Tenitory. The the foreign policy of our country be so applied in Central and only reason for that was the publicity given the matter in the South America as that the people of those Republics will real- press of the United States. Nothing else compelled them to ize that the Monroe doctrine shall be employed for their pro- do it. tection; that it is a doctrine under which the United States Mr. WOODRUFF. 1\ir. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? extends its aid, and that it shall never become a means of Mr. SUTHERLAND. Yes. aggression or an instrumentality which we shall in our foreign Mr. ·wooDRUFF. The gentleman has enumerated certain affairs ever employ to our selfish advantage?" [Applause.] classes that were eliminated by inspection at the various ports Mr. DOWELL. Mr. Chairman, I yield 15 minutes to the of debarkation. Did they also include 'the diseased class? Delegate from Alaska. Mr. SUTHERLAND. Yes. Mr. SUTHERLAND. 1\Ir. Chairman, I ask unanimous con- Mr. WOODRUFF. They no longer permit men who are dis~ sent to revise and extend my remarks. eased to go up there and work in the canneries? The CHAIRl\lAN. Is there objection to the request of the Mr. SUTHERLAND. No. They have entered into coopera- gentleman from Alaska? tion with the Public Health Service of the United States, and 'l'here was no objection. the examination of these men is made under the direction of l\1r. SUTHERLAND. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the that service. I think it is a very excellent system. We have committee, the bill under discussion is an administration meas- seen the results up in Alaska during this year. From a section ure the purpose of which is to· give the three Secretaries of which each year we would have several dozen criminal cases, Interior, Commerce, and Agriculture power to conso!idate bu- this year we had just one. I think that is the result of the in reaus within their departments and to place the chief of the spection of the men coming to the Territory. bureaus in Alaska there as direct representatives of their Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, does the gentleman think this departments and thus aid in the activities of that particular legislation is necessary? department in the Territory. Mr. SUTHERLAND. I think it can be made very helpful. The bill does not confer any more power on the bureaus, as The gentleman from Oklahoma [l.Ur. HAsTINGS] spoke of I interpret it, after careful reading. Therefore I can see no " long-distance " government, which he had experienced in objection to the bill or to giving the Secretaries an opportunity Oklahoma. I think this is an effort to do away with long to attempt to establish a more efficient Federal administra- distance government. I presume that the State of Oklahoma tion of the Government in Alaska. has the same bureaus in it that we have in Alaska. Any of The bill primarily is for more efficiency. The gentleman the public-land States have virtually the same bureaus that from Iowa [Mr. DowELL] dwelt on the efficiency that it was we have in Alaska, but in a densely populated State the activi proposed to bring about through this measure. ties of those bureaus are not as noticeable as they are in a During the years that I have been in Congress we have sparsely settled section, like Alaska. We are in direct contact heard much of consolidation and coordination of the Federal~ with the bureaus up there all of the time. It is for that reason bureau work in Alaska. l\ly predecessor in Congres~, who was that their work is quite irksome to us, where it would not be here for 12 years, labored on that question during th~ entire apparent in the States where they operate. term of his office. He came to about the same concluswn that 1\Ir. LINTHICUM. 1\Ir. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? I haYe arrived at, and that is that the _words "coordination" 1\Ir. SUTHERLAND. Yes. and "consolidation" are pleasant-sounding words, but so far 1\lr. LINTHICUM. When I first came to Congress we were as accomplishing coordination and consolidation all through called upon to vote on a bill granting a very large appropria those Years we have never seen any results. tion for the construction of a railroad in Alaska. Can the When we speak of efficiency in government I think we have gentleman tell us how that bureau is getting along in Alaska, in mind as a model of efficiency th1!- private enterprise. We and. with what success the one we built has met? have in mind the efficiency of railroad management or great Mr. SUTHERLAl'\TD. We think that the railroad the Gov industJial managements and lose sight of the fact that that ernment constructed is now doing very well, that it is success management is autocratic, that the administration there is ful. Last year the railroad showed an increase of earnings to given autocratic powers that we would not confer on any head the amount of $207,000 over the year previous. We have every of the Government. reason to believe that this year there will be a slight increase I am of the opinion that the present Italian Government is over that. There are indications now of coal development on probably the most efficient government in Europe to-day, and a large scale that will furnish large traffic to the railroads. I probably in the world, by reason of the aut.ocratic power the believe they have finally found a market in the Pacific coast administration there wields. I am firmly of the opinion that cities for a very good quality of coal that we have in Alaska. Premier Mussolini could administer the prohibition law to per~ I do not want the gentleman to think that that milroad is fection in Italy, but we would not want one of Mussolini's anywhere near on a paying basis. It is not, and it will not be type with that power here in the United States. for years to come, but it is developing that country, and even- What I am trying to say is that, in my opinion, absolute tually in the future-possibly distant-it will be on a payrug efficiency in Go\ernment and liberty are not in any way com- basis. The gentleman from Maryland [Mr. LINTHICUM] asked patible, and so I have arrived at the conclusion that up in a very pertinent questioD: while ·the gentleman from Iowa Alaska under bureaucratic control we will muddle along, and, [Mr. DowELL] was speaking. He asked why not have the we hope, retain the liberties we now have, just as they do in Treasury Department included in the terms of this bill, why all free governments. I have in mind particularly the Govern- not allow the Secretary of the Treasury the same power an~ ment of Great Britain. There they always speak of "muddling I authority as the Secretaries of Commerce, Interior, and Agrl along." They "muddled " through the wa~ without real effi- culture. I know no reason _why the Secretary of the Treu::mr.::y 1927 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD-HOUSE- 2825 should not baye a rep1;esentative of his department in Alaska. Mr. SUTHERLAND. There "'ould still be room for nature to The gentleman speaks of taxes. Our taxes are paid in the take its course regardless of the taking of fish the year before. city of Tacoma, Wash. There is no agent of the Treasury 'That is my opinion. D€pa.rtrilent in Alaska. The Secretary of the Treasury has Mr. MENGES. Will the gentleman yield? itinerant agents traveling through there all of the year, but Mr. SUTHERLAND. I will. Alaska covers a tremendous amount of territory, as the gentle 1\Ir. MENGES. The gentleman from Alaska said a little man knows. I feel it would be well to have a 1·epresentative while ago that the railroad built by the Government is coming of the Treasury Department in Alaska aL nt anyoue from preaching or from gi>ing religious in that in a minute. The real trouble is not in ~icaragua! It is in l\Iexico. It is Mexico that certain interests in the United struction to children. It has not attempted to prevent the church from controlling what('ver :tmount of property is neces. ary for its lt>gitim!ltc State~ are driving at. They hope to stir up an excu~e for break ing relations with :Mexico through the Nicaragua controversy. spiritual acthitks. The purpose of the "llexican constitution is not to When old Diaz, who \Ya · President of l\lexico for many :rears, limit in any way the spiritual activities of the church. wa · in his declining day , and had urrounded himself with Oh, but they !'.:ay "We do not want war with 1\Iexico." That corrupt officials who were plundering the Mexican people for is not the trouble. They know ~Iexico would stand no chance in their own pecuniary advancements, certain interests and indi a war with us ; they know it would be a one-sided uffail• if >les, went down here is what they do want: They want the Department of State into that counh·y and secured a great many oil and mineral con to break off relations with Mexico and lift the embargo on armR cessions. Many of those concessions are alleged to have been going into that c:ouutry, so that they may stir up a revolution secured by bribery, just as those same interests bribed Cabinet that will bathe that country in the blood of 1\Iexicans who are offidals in this country in order to get possession of our naval to-day striving, as they have not striven in 400 years, to break oil reBerve known as Teapot Dome. Conditions in Mexico went away from their caste systems and force their way up into the from bad to worse, until finally they brought on a revolution. sunlight of a new civilization. :Mexico remained in a ·omewhat chaotic condition until our These interest"! know that if we break relations with l\Iexico attention was centered on Europe, where we were engaged in or lift the embargo on arms to that country, it will bring the Great War. about the revolution they so much desire. If they can not get Finally, when the revolution ended, a one-armed soldier by this done now, they hope to succeed after Congr.ess ltas au the name of Obregon was chosen President of the Mexican Re journed. Then when the revolution gets under way tlley will public. He was undoubtedly the best President the Mexican have no trouble in inducing the administration to send Ameri people had eve-r had. He immediately set to work to reorganize can marines to Mexico to " protect American 1i 'es and prop and rebuild his country and to bring it out of that dilapidated erty," especially property-largely the oil conces:-;ions of Do condition into which its institutions had fallen, and to elevate heny and Sinclair. They feel that once the American flag is his people above that level to which years of misgovernment, raised above Mexico it will never be hauled down, e~pecially it 1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2827 they can succeed in bringing about a cla h between Mexican Mr. COLE. Will the gentleman yield further? soldiers and American marines. Then we will be involved in Mr. RANKIN. I can not yield to the gentleman just now. their long-sought war with Mexico, but Doheny and Sinclair Nothing in the wm·ld surprised me more than when I learned will not be there to do the fighting. this morning that the re ·olution referred to by the gentleman This man Obregon seems to have offended certain banking from Texas [Mr. CoNNALLY] had come from the Committee on interests down there because he has established an agricul Foreign Affairs, presided over by the distinguished gentleman tural banking system to enable thoEe Mexican farmers to get from Pennsylvania [l\Ir. PoRTER], the gentleman whom we fol money at a reasonable rate of interest, where they had been lowed in 1922 in supporting a peace resolution in order that paying from 24 to 48 per cent. Not only that, but one article we might not be dra\-v-n into another -conflict while we were I read-and, by the way, I belie'\"'e it was written by the secre yet in a technical state of war . . I have followed the gentleman tary of the Pan American Union- tatcd that within the last from Pennsylvania, and I am one of the men who has sung year Mr. Calles, the present President, had established 2,000 his praises for his .efforts in attempting to suppress and outlaw schools and that he was establishing more at the rate of 1,000 the international opium traffic forced upon smaller nations by a year. the ·larger and more powerful ones. Instead of fostering the old centl·alized theory of government The gentleman from Pennsylvania may not have supported earried on by Diaz, he has decentralized Mexico and reestab- this resolution. I hope he did not. I hope he will not support 1i.N hed the governments of the various States, thereby reviving it, but by tl1at I'e ·olution they come here and instead of holding local self-government throughout Mexico and impressing upon out the hand of friendship and offering a word of hope, they tho e people their responsibilities in working out their own virtually say tl1at ·we want to continue this policy which every salvation. intelligent well informed man knows is likely .to involve us in war The gentleman from Iowa [l\Ir. CoLE] cries, "Bolshevism!" with Nicaragua and also cause a breach of relations between the Let me tell you what they y are not only with and civilized, should so stultify itself as to thus force a revolu their government, but organized labor in l\Iexico is back of the tion on a helpless people at our door merely in order to help :Mexican Government. certain interests who want to explo:t them under the pro 1\lr. COLE. Will the gentleman yield for another que tion? tection of the United States. Mr. RANKJ:N. No. I want to answer the gentleman's other :Mr. LAGUARDIA and 1\Ir. COLE rose. question. I haYe heard this" bolshevism" cried so much around 1\lr. RANKIN. I yield to the gentleman from New York. here that I took occasion to investigate the charge, .and this l\Ir. LAGUARDIA. I simply wanted the gentleman to make is what I learned. Mexico sent five emissaries, one of them clear that this resolution was simply approved by one com coming to the United States, one going to Great Britain, one mittee of this House and bas not yet received the approval of to France, one to Germany, and one to Ru ·sia. The man who the House. went to Russia returned disgusted with communism and said. l\Ir. RANKIN. I appreciate that, but let me suggest to the "We do not want to have anything to do with that theory." gentleman from New York that they will not clare to bring Now, that is the record in l\Iexico. That is the record of that resolution to the floor of the House. Many of them would organized labor down there that is doing so much to help not clare vote for it. I doubt if the gentleman from Iowa would bring these people back and to impress upon them their respon vote for it. Here is what will happen. The press, that part o:f sibility toward their children and toward their country. the press that seems to be controlled by the interests that are I wonder if the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. COLE] knows that demanding that we humiliate and override Mexico, will carry the wife of President Calles is head of the Women's Christian that resolution on the front page to-morrow-some of them did Temperance Union in the Mexican Republic-working for the it to-day-as the expression of the American Congress . on a moral as well as . the political and economic advancement of que tion that may involve the lives, the blood, and the treas those people. ures of the American people, as well as the people of Mexico. Mr. COLE. Vi'ill the gentlema~ now permit a question? l\Ir. COLE. Will the gentleman now yield? Mr. RAI\KIN. Yes. :Mr. RANKIN. For a question. 1\lr. COLE. The gentleman does not want to have the im Mr. COLE. Does not the gentleman know that the only pression go out that there is anything in the policy of the proposition that has ever been submitted to our committee for present administration with reference to Mexico that seeks in breaking diplomatic relations with Mexico on account of its any way to interfere with Mexico's internal administration? internal affairs came from the gentleman's side of the House? Ur. RAI\TKIN. Now, let me answer that. l\Ir. RANKIN. Oh, we are not talking politics here. No; Mr. COLE. We are not seeking to interfere in any way. the main trouble has come from the Department of State. I Mr. RANKIN. Let me answer the gentleman's question with have newspaper editorials from all over the country suggesting out the gentleman making a speech in my time. the resignation of. the Secretary of State, a man who ha been Mr. LINTHICUM. Will the gentleman yield for a question? repudiated by his own party in his own State-rock-ribbed, :Mr. RANKIN. Let me first answer the gentleman from Iowa, Republican Minnesota. He was repudiated by his own party because my time is limited. and by his own State, and yet he is the man who is to-day '£he people of Mexico, in order to prevent the very catas shaping our foreign policies. The gentleman from Iowa deluues trophe I have mentioned, came to the United States with a himself if he thinks he has had anything to do with it; but proposition and said they would arbitrate the issue involved. here is what some of you did do: You became a eat's paw, as The gentleman from Iowa [Mr. CoLE] voted for the World it were; you Republican members on the Committee on Foreign Court. For what"? In order that we might have a tribunal in Affairs raked the chestnuts out of the fire by reporting this which to submit and settle international questions of this kind resolution, and if we can get a vote on it in this body, we are without going to war. Mexico comes and says, "We ""ill arbi going to see that those of you who want to carry the American trate," and even the United State::: Senate took it up, and by flag into all of Central America and ultimately take that: a unanimous vote pa. sed a resolution to arbitrate the proposi country over are going to answer for it to the American people. tion. 1\Ir. llOl\lJUE. Will the gentleman yield? Why has not the Secretary of State and the administration, l'llr. RANKIN. 1 yield to the gentleman from Missouri. about which the gentleman talks so much, taken up this matter Mr. ROl\IJUE. I want to call attention to the fact that and submitted it to arbitration in order to show those people while the gentleman from Iowa vot.ed to approve the Pre ·ident's down there that we are not going to break relations with them course in this situation; the gentleman from Iowa also voted ovel' this matter and thereby force a revolution to destroy the to prohibit the committee of which he is a member from getting men, women, and children of that unfortunate country? any information on the subject. I now yield to the gentleman from Maryland. l\1r. RANKIN. Why, certainly. They would not dare let l\Ir. LINTHICUM. The gentleman was speaking of the policy the Secretary of State come or even invite him to come before of this country toward Mexico and I merely wanted to call his tbe committee- attention to the fact that I think we all """ill concede that we 1\fr. ROl\IJUE. And give information. bave intervened in the affair of Nicaragua, and this resolution 1\lr. RANKIN. So that w·e might tm·n the pitiless sunlight includes Mexico as well as Nicaragua. of publicity onto this proposition and show just exactly what Mr. RANKIN. Oh, yes. Nothing in the wot·ld surprised me is behind this· moYement to involve the United States i"n Nicara JDt)re,-- gua, force us into war with that country, or to compel us to 2828 CONGR.ESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2·· break relations with 1\Iexico and raise the embargo on arms kins, the professor, did not give any evidence and no one else in order that the people of that country might be plunged into gave any evidence, and the committee deliberately shut out the a revolution that would cost the lives of innocent m·en, women, evidence on the other side. ap.d children and possibly bring war with the United States. Mr. VAILE. I think the gentleman is correct in saying that [Applause.] the P!'Ofessor from Johns Hopkins, like some gentlemen on this The CHAIRMAN. The time of· the gentleman from Missis floor, spoke generally and did not devote much time specifi sippi has expired. cally to Nicaragua. Mr. DOWELL. Mr. Chairman, I yield 15 minutes to the 1\fr. RANKIN. Will the gentleman yield? gentleman from Colorado [1\fr. VAILE]. Ur. VAILE. I will. · l\Ir. VAILE. l\Ir. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to 1\fr. RANKIN. Does the gentleman ever know of a court speak out of order. giving a decision to the plaintiff without hearing a word from The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the the defense? · gentleman from Colorado? Mr. V~<\.ILE. Oh, many cases are decided on the pleadings, There was no objection. and in this case we had the pleadings before us. Now, these l\fr. DOWELL. Mr. Chail;man, I do not think we have made gentlemen have their remedy and the remedy was proposed, progress as rapidly as we should, and I want to warn Members indeed it was threatened, a number of times last Friday. Gen that ·from this time on I intend to object to any speech •being tlemen a!'lserted very vigorously that they would take the mat made on outside matters; they must be confined to the bill ter into the public press, and lo and behold, on l\fonday we before the House. read in our morning papers a long tirade from the Third Inter 1\fr. VAILE. l\Ir. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to re national at Moscow, lambasting the United States for its vise and extend my remarks. action in regard to Nicaragua. Of course, the gentleman from The CHAIRl\IAN. The gentleman from Colorado asks unan Virginia and the gentleman from Texas may fairly urge that imous consent to revise and extend his remarks. Is there since the political exigencies compel them to be against the objection? administration they have to be on the same side as l\Ioscow .Mr. LINTHICUM. Reserving the right to object, I desire to and l\Iexico . say that I will not object to the extension of the gentleman's I regret that they feel under any such necessity, but I hope remarks, but hereafter I shall object to requests to extend the rna tter may be thoroughly aired in the press, as they pro remarks in advance of the speech, because I think it is a wrong pose, because I have great confidence in the ability of the Ameri policy of the House to have leave to extend remark."! when we can press to present the facts in the long run after the merely do not know what the subject is that the gentleman is going f'len:-:atioual statements are out of the way. to speak about or what he will put in the RECORD. Now, of course, I do not hope to match in eloquence the gen ::\Ir. VAILE. I want to say to the gentleman I will be tlemen who have preceded me, but my purpose to-day is to call entirely fair about it. attention to a very trifling matter, one not worthy the considera l\Ir. LINTHICUM. Oh, the gentleman is always fair. tion of these heavy-weight critics of the administration ; in The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the other words, a mere question of fact. My excuse for dragging gentleman from Colorado? such an il"l'elevancy into this discussion is my sympathy for a There was no objection. neglected fact-neglected not only in the press so far but also Mr. VAILE. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the committee, in Congress. we have had a lot of fireworks this morning and a lot of com I nm consoled by the reflection that the President of the plaints because a committee of the House of Representatives United States-who, after all, does seem to possess a con saw fit to report a resolution to this House in their own way siderable measure of the public confidence--is not above con and not in the way demanded by the minority because the sidering facts. He has called to our attention the Nicaragua majority of the committee thought it had sufficient informa election or-1924. tion to enable it to act. Now, we did have some information; Of course, some features of that eledion are not entirely not precisely the information which some of these gentlemen disregarded by those who are unwilling to concede any merit wanted us to have, but we had speeches from several distin to the acts of the Chief Executive of their own country. On guished Members of the House. ·we had a speech by the gentle the contrary, they base their case upon the fairness of that man from South Carolina [Mr. McSwAIN], a speech -by the election. gentleman from Alabama [Mr. HUDDLESTON], and we had sev If it was a fair election, it is just barely possible tllat the eral speeches by the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. MooRE] and reason was similar to that to which General Lejeune's "devil the gentleman from Texas [Mr. CoNNALLY]. We also had a . dogs" ascribe the reputed good order in Heaven: college professor from Johns Hopkins University, who detailed If the c\.rmy and the Navy at considerable length what he thought was the impropriety Ever win to heaven's scenes, of our conduct with Nicaragua. This gentleman told us that They will finCI the stl·eets a.re guarded the United States had sent marines in scores of cases-! By United States marines. believe he said hundreds of cases-t~ foreign soil. He, l~ke the But although the Nicaragua polls, a long way from heaven, gentlemen who ha'_"e preceded me this afte~noon, spoke u:f gen- were guarded by United States. malines in the election of 192-!, eral terms, and said that we used the marmes to collect debts 1 the supporters of the present revolutionary party in that coun d"?e citizens D;ncl c~rporations of the Un~ted States. I asked try not only concede that it was a fair election but vociferously lnm several times 1f he could name a smgle case where the proclaim it to have b(:'en such. They have to because it was United States marines had ever been used to collect a debt due then that their favorites Solorzana and Saca'sa were elected a corporation or a citizen of the United States, and. he was President and Vice President, respectively. ' unable to mention one. . Perhaps it was his confidence in the fairness of the marines' We did. haY~ so~e evi.dence and statements on this subject, manner of superintending a regular election in Nicaragua which b~t the situation m wh1ch the gentlemen find themselves re- led a distinguished Member of anothE>r body to propose tlleiJ.· mmds me .of t?e attort;ey who presen~s a case to the court, similar employment at a special election which nobody in Nica presents h1s Witnesses m support of his case, and then finds raaua seems to want. The marines would be all riaht for that that the court decides against him without considering it nee- pu~·pose it would seem but for the protection of Americans- essary to hear other witnesses. Most of us ordinary lawyers Heaven' forbid! ' have had that experience; but I suppose the gentleman from However Messrs. Solorzano and Sacasa were not able to hold Texas. and the. other distinguished lawyers have neyer been onto their' jobs. One Chamorro started a revolution against nonsu1ted. Tlus w~s a case where they '\Vere nonsmted, and them. Senor Solorzano was attracted by the advertisements they can no.t stand 1t. gotten out by the enterprising chambers of commerce of Cali- ~Ir. 1\IOORE of Virginia. What was the reason they were fornia. So he resigned his Nicaraguan Presidency and took up nonsuited? his residence in the healthier climate of that great American Mr. VAILE. Because the evidence that they presented did Commonwealth. Doctor Sacasa also, with a solicitude for his not convince the committee that the resolution ought not to health which seems unnecessary in view of later developments, be reported. came to Washington and went afterwards to Guatemala. 1\lr . .MOORE of Yirginia. What was the evidence? Now, here is the trifling fact which these gentlemen from ~ir. VAILE. The evidence from the professor and the evi- Nicaragua and the gentlemen from Virginia, Texas, and Ala deuce before the committee through the message of the Presi- bama seem to overlook. At that " fair " election in 1924 not dent of the United States. only were Solorzano and Sacasa elected, but a Congress was l\Ir. MOORE of Virginia. So far as the actual transactions also elected. According to Nicaraguan practice there were also of Nicaragua are concerned, the gentleman from Johns Hop- elected alternates to the senators and deputies. 1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE , 2829 I have reflected in the last three or four days that that last If the only reason why he could not be and was not legally might not be a bad idea for us to adopt, so that if Members of the President of Nicaragua was that he was absent from the this House should absent themselves from functions pertaining country, do you not think that his duty would .compel him to be to their duties--committee meetings, for example-their places present in the country when he was assured of protection? might be filled. Still, I do not suppose that it would work. Oh, no; his patriotism was not so disinterested as that. It The alternates might walk out, too, because they do that in was his dignity which was at stake, and because he had not Nicaragua. been invited back as vice president, he refused to come. Well, as I was saying, the President of the United States, Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? who does not claim to be superior to facts, did not overlook the lli. VAILE. I would rather not yield further. Gentlemen fact, overlooked consistently and persistently by his critics, that on the other side have taken 55 minutes and I have but 15 a Congress as well as a President and Vice President were minutes. Much as I dislike to do so, I must decline to yield to elected in 1924. my friend. There are one or two things more that I want to it was to avoid the result of that election that General say. In all these speeches which have been made, I have not Chamorro, early in 1925, forcibly expelled 18 members of that seen it yet questioned that the members who came back-and Congress, filling their places not with their alternates but with I am going to put their names in the RECORD under leave to men who had been defeated in 1924, because the Nicaraguan extend my remarks, and that is why I asked for leave--were constitution provides that in the absence of the President and the members elected in 1924. If the election of Solorzano and Vice President the Congress shall designate a person to act in Sacasa was legal in 1924, then the election of those members the former capacity. . not Chamorro's henchmen, but the members who came back _The President of the United States in his message of January afterward and voted for Diaz-was legal. Let the· gentlemen 10 reminded us that when Chamorro's hand-picked Congress digest that fact, if they are so hungry for facts, and let us have designated him we refused to recognize him and that we later some recognition of the record as it does exist. refused to recognize Uriza, designated by the same made-to Now, I want to be fair and frank in regard to the reconsti- order body. tuted membership of the Nicaraguan Congress. · So, when Senor Uriza saw that the game was up, he called It is true that not all of the 18 expelled members returned. back the 18 expelled members and resigned his claims to the Eleven of them returned in person or by alternates. Presidency so that the Congress could designate whoin they Also, it is true that 2 of Chamorro's men, though under saw fit. protest, held onto their seats, so that only 16, and not 18, of his Now, the President of the United States told us about this, illegally constituted henchmen were out, and only 11, and not but the advocates of Sacasa refuse to refer to it, because to 18, of the regularly elected members were back in. This, how do so would be to concede the legality of the election of Adolfo ever, made a difference of 27 votes. Diaz. If Sacasca was legally elected in 1924, the Congress I here insert the names of the members elected in 1924 who was legally elected at the same time, and that Congress, when sat in the sessions of the Nicaraguan Congress between Novem permitted to function, had not only the right but the duty of ber, 1924, and February, 1925, before the 18 were fii'ed by designating a President in Sacasa's absence. Chamorro, the names of those who returned, and the names of The point I want to emphasize is that at that election there those who sat in the Congress which elected Diaz. These lists, was elected a Congress, and that under the Nicaraguan con furnished by the American Legation at Managua are not abso stitution that Congress has authority, in the absence of the lutely complete, but they are, I believe, sufficiently so to con President and the Vice President-and I refer to this absent vince anybody who can approach the question with a mind bmdness concerning which our friend from Texas [Mr. CoN free from the obsession that ouT Government is always wrong NALLYj got so eloquent a moment ago--to design-ate a man to and that its critics are always right. · act in the capacity of the President. Our friends on the other The Senate or upper body of the Nicaraguan Congress con side mentioned that Congress, and the gentleman from Texas sists of 17 members. The following 19 sat at different sessions [Mr. CoNNALLY] says, "Oh, but 18 of them were fired out"-+ of the Congress between the 1924 election and March, 1925, but and then he and others of oux colleagues wax very eloquent Senator Vega and one other, whose name I have not at present, about the crimes committed by those 18, but beyond that they were alternates to two others who sat at other sessions, which do not go. They do not mention anything about any of those accounts for 19 and not 17 names appearing on the list. The 18 members coming back. These gentlemen cry vociferously 19 were-- for facts. .Aviiez, Callojas, Castrillo, Carrazo, Collado, Cruz, J. D. cu"adra, In Heaven's name, let them use the facts they have! The G. Cuadra, Elizondo, Hooker, Martinez, Mena, Moncada, Ocon, Paguaga, President of the United States told us that these Members were Robleto, Roman, Sacasa, and Vega. called back and he told us something of the personnel of the reconstituted Congress of Nicaragua. Of the above 19, 5 were expelled by Chamorro, namely: Col 1\lr. SOMERS of New York. Mr. Chairman, will the · gentle lado, Cruz, Moncada, Robleto, and Roman. Roman returned to man yield? the Congress which elected Diaz, and that Congress included five other senators who had actually sat in the sessions of Mr. VAILE. Yes. November, 1924-February, 1925, those five being Avilez, J. D. Mr. SOMERS of New York. Under similar circumstances Cuadra, G. Cuadra, Ocon, and Vega. · would the gentleman go back? In the Congress which elected Diaz there were three alter 1.\Ir. VAILE. It depends a little on my regard for- nates to three of those original members. I am unable at pres Mr. SOMERS of New York. Your life? ent to state who were their principals. The three alternates l\1r. VAILE. My duty. I suppose the gentleman has in mind were Arcia, Berrios, and Ubeda. the sudden departure of Sacasa. The gentleman from Texas This makes, in the Congress which elected Dia.z, a total of [Mr. Co~N.AJLY] drew a very pathetic figure of that noble gen nine senators or alternates of senators who had sat in the tleman fleeing at night over the mountains on horseback to take sessions of November, 1924-February, 1925. a launch up to San Salvador. I think that is the third speech There were, in addition, seven more who had been elected in that the distinguished gentleman from Texas [Mr. CoNNALLY] 1924 but who had not previously sat, having been kept out by has made on the floor of this House upon that subject. .T11st threats either of Solorzano or Chamorro, their places having the other day he told us that ever since 1\Iay, 1925,· Sacasa had been filled in those sessions by alternates. had a revolution running in Nicaragua. It was his revolution, said the gentleman from Texas, in May, 1925, as well as now, Those seven were-- and, according to the gentleman, the revolution was in at least .Altamarino, Baltadano, Pastora, Prado, Renazco, Salazar, and Torres. fairly successful progress from l\Iay, 1925, until Diaz's elec This makes a total of 16 senators who sat in the Congress tion and afterwards. But Sacasa was not there with his which elected Diaz, all of whom had been elected, either as troops, victorious in some places. Oh, no; he was here in alternates or principals in the 1924 election. Washington, he was in Guatemala. It was not what the gentle As to the Chamber of Deputies, there were 50 members who man calls to-day "continuing duress" which kept him out'. sat in the sessions November, 1924-February, 1925, namely: Not only that, but afterwards, in October, 1926, Sacasa was Aguado, Alvarez, Baltadano, Barquero, Bermudez, Blanco, Borgen, invited-under the protection of American marines, I must ad Briones, Castellon, Castillo, Cerda, Cesar, Segundo Chamorro, Delga mit-to go to a neutral zone at Corinto, there to see if the dHio, Dias, Espinosa, Estrada, Falla, Flores, Gonzales, Guerra. Guitier people in Nicaragua could not come to some agreement. Sacasa riez, Huete, .J. N. Hurtado, P. Hurtado, Irias, .Jarquim, Montealegre, declined to go back to Nicaraguan territory before the reconsti J. J. Morales, Nunez, Ortega, Pallais, Paisa, Perez, Prieto, Rapaccioli, tution of this congress. What was the reason he declined? Because, if you please, he had not been invited back as Vice Reyes, Rizo, Romere, Saballo, Salinas, Sanchez, Solis, Sevilla, Stad President of Nicaragua ! Are those the words of a zealous, thagen, Tijirino, Valle, Velasquez, Venerio, and Zelaya. disinterested patriot? Of the above there were expelled by Chamorro 13, namely : 2830 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 Alvarez, Baltadano, Barquero, Borgen, Cerda, Flores, Gonzales, Huete, question in one of his opiniOJ!.S, " Does the Constitution say that Jat·quim, Reyes, Rizo, Valle, and Venerio. no State shall deny to any person the equal protection of the Of these expelled members two returned in person to the laws unless it be to a corporation?" And, finding that the Con Congress which elected Diaz--namely, Flores and Valle. stitution did not anywhere contain that important exception, The latter Congress included 22 others who had sat in the he had to decide that even a corporation was entitled to its sessions November, 1924-February, 1925, namely: rights under our system. So until we make that amendment I fear we shall just have to worry along as best we can on .Aguado, Bermudez, Blanco, Segundo Chamorro, Castellon, Castillo, the antiquated theory of equal protection to all of us, large as Delgadillo, Espinosa, Estrada, Falla, Guerra, ~· l\1. Hurtado, J. J. well as small. 1\lorales, Montealegre, Ortega, Perez, Palma, Pneto, Romero, Sanchez, But there is still another angle to this situation, an angle that St!tdthagen, and Zelaya. includes more than the mere helping of our own people. In addition to the above there were two new member~ who The gentleman from Texas closed with an earnest appeal to came as alternates to former members, namely: Noron and us, based on the President's message-and I am glad he believes Osejo; an~l three former a~ternates who appeare~ again in in something the President of the United States has said-bP. that capacity, namely: P. Bnones, Hurtado, and Solis. 1 closed w.i,Jh an eloquent appeal to us to extend the band of help- Tllis makes 27 deputies who had personally sat in the ses- fulness to our neighbors in Latin America and other parts of ~dons November, 1924-February, 1925, and two alternates of the world. A picture came into my mind which I would like such deputies, a total of 29. There were four others whose to compare with the gentleman's picture of an American marine names I do ~ot have at presen~ and there were fou~ whose guarding the corporations' property in another land. status was either doubtful or Illegal, namely: Anoglla and I saw an American marine officer on duty once in Haiti. l\I. J. 1\!ora~es, whose elections .were conteste~, and Manz~- It was a very hot day. The natives were asleep, as people have ~ares and R;1vas, who had no busmess there, bemg Ch~morro s a habit of sleeping in the middle of the day in those bot conn Illegal appomtees. So far as we are able to asecrtam, how- tries. Those of us who were walking around the streets were e~·er, these last four are the only .ones whose status was ques- merely the tourists. I went into the marine barracks, and there twnable and they were not sufficient to have affected the re- I saw an American marine officer sitting in his undershirt, with snit one .w~y or the other. . an enlisted man clerk in similar scanty raiment. They were Now,. It IS true that all the. membet:s of the reVIved Con- making out pay checks for judges, school-teachers, street gr~ss ?Id not vote at t~e elecho~ of Diaz. The full member- cleaners, and all the civil employees of that department. Those ship, m both houses, IS 67 .. Fifty-thr~e. were present. The checks and pr~vious ones of the same series were the first other 14 stayed away of theu own volitwn. Four of the 53 regular pay those people had ever received. set an example follo~·ed the othe.r . day by Members of the I saw a city which only a few weeks before had been in the House of. Representatives of the. Umted ~tates, who seem to grip of a· smallpox epidemic cleaned up and made wholesome · be followmg the example of Nicaragt~a m .s~veral respects. by the United States Navy physicians and engineers. Those 'Yhen they saw that the vote w.as gomg agamst them .;.hey Navy doctors had, in fact, vaccinated more people than there ~amply walked out of ~he committee--! me~~ the Cong esr were in the town, because whereas at first the people had be Do not tell me that NIC.aragua1 can not furmsh an examp e lieved propaganda that the white man was shooting poison into to the Congr~ss of th~ U?Ited States! . r m their arms to destroy them-just as many people in this conn- However, m the NICai~g~an case there was still a. q~o u try believe any propaganda against their own Government- left, and there was a maJority of a quorum and a m~Jortty of when they finally did understand that the white doctors from eac·h h.ouse and of the ~hole body who voted for Diaz, even the bi..,. steel ships were helpino- '·l:fem and savin"' th · li es rleductmg the votes of Rivas and Manzanares, Chamorro's men, ~:> • b " 0 • eu v • and the votes of Arrogila and Mora whose elections were thousands of people flocked m ~rom .the su~-roundmg country. C(lntested. ' An.d at the othe1: end of tha.t httle Island IS .a country, Sa~to But, Mr. Chaii·man, 1 want to say something of a more Domrn_go, from wh1cll the .marmes have ~ow w1thdra~n, havmg general nature on this subject. The gentleman from Texas made It the on1 Y country m. the world WitliOut a natwnal ~ebt. [Mr. CoNNALLY] rose here the other day and drew a shocking Th.e ~HAIRl\lAN. The time . 0~ the ~en~eman has expired. picture fo~ us. He told how a friend of his traveling, in l\Il: 'AI~E. l\Iay I have. ?dditwnal time·. China I believe, had seen a marine on sentry duty. The ob- 1\11. _DO\\ ELL. I am sony, I can only yield the gentleman server';;; patriotic heart was filled with pride at the sight of one mu~ute. . . that khaki-clad youth, keen-eyed, firm-lipped, and the observer Mr. '~LE. In one mmute I ~an .say what I w1sh to say. supposed of course that the rights of some humble citizen were More Important even than samtatron, ~oads, pure water,_sol- beillg protected under the ample folds of the Stars and Stripes. yenc:y, and S?und cun·enc~· , we have gi>en to eac~ of ~hose And our colleague·s voice rolled with patriotic fervor until be Island ~epu~hcs, largely at our own. expense, a natl~nal I~eal dramatically changed his tone to one of scorn and derision exempllfied.m the personnel of a ~ram~d body ~f ~old1er. P?h~e, and disclosed to us this most humiliatino- fact· that a moment not the pnvate army of some b1ckenng provmcml chieftam. later the observer saw beyond that se~try ~ large building but a national o~·g~~zation, im~u~d with a national spirit of bearing the sign, "Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey." duty ~nd responsibility and patnotism .. Our colleague polished off the Standard Oil Co. quite . Durrng all ~he y~ars of th~ occupation ~f both ends of t.ha t thoroughly before leaving China, referring appropriately to 1~land by Umted States !flannes, ~ose fmthful and conscien those well-known political bugaboos "exploitation" and "mo- tious upholders .o.f An;tencan trad1t1?ns h~>e been the target nopoly." And from China he trailed the octopus to Mexico of .au krnds of nhfic:atwn and abuse I~ their o~n cernment stepped m to do rather the lack of principle, as our colleague made very clear the JOb. to us, is quite the same. "\"\'hat I plead for, gent~e~en , is a d~erent attitude toward I presume the humiliating incident was correctly reported. our own Gov~rnment, a wtllmgness to beheYe, at least when t_he Our friend did not deem it necessary to mention the many facts conclusiYely demonsb·ate it, that we have been fair and instances where United States marines and soldiers have been generous. . called upon to protect the property .and the lives of very humble Our marines were first sent to Nicaragua in 1U12 during the Americans; small merchants, planters, and business men .and administration of President Taft. They had been kept there missionaries. I take it be would approve of such protection. throughout the ·wilson administration and until the early part Tile trouble is that there is a defect in our Constitution and of last year. During practically all of that period there was our laws. The insuperable difficulty is that we can not protect not only peace in Nicaragua but pro~perity as well. Peace the missionary, we could not p~otect the Mormon families who a fled and prosperity trembled as soon as the marines were with few years ago located their little farms in l\Iexico in compli- drawn. The policy ad>ocated by the gentleman from Texas ance with Mexico's laws, we can not protect the small merc:hant would see the end of botl1 in that turbulent little country. The or coffee grower in Santo Domingo, without also protecting the policy adopted by the President of the United States and capitalist who has an oil well or a mine. Our silly old Consti- indorsed by your Committee on Foreign Affairs means the tution, by failing to make necessary distinctions, does not au- restoration of both peace and prosperity. The majority of thorize a simultaneou."3 protection of the little fellow and denial your committee expects the indorsement of this House and il:; of protection to the big fellow, and since protection for the latter confident of the indorsement of the country. i . , of course, unthinkable, we must let the former simply shift And throughout, our conuuct toward om· small neighboring for himself. republics is a blight and honorable page of American history. This strange oversight on the part of the makers of the Con- It is a history, of which e>ery Member of this House, when stitution has been I·eferred to many times in courts and legis- once he gets clear of the miasma of partisan obsession wlll be latures. Way back in the eighties l\Ir. Justice Field asked this proud. [Applause.] 1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2831 Mr. DOWELL. 1\Ir. Chairman, I yield the remainder of my :Mr. LINTHICUM. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the time to the gentleman from Massachusetts [1\Ir. T:&EAJ.)WAY], committee, I think anyone who has had business with the and desire to assure you that he will speak to the subject matter Treasury Department in the settlement of taxes ahd the adjust of the bill. ment of various matters will find that a very large part of the The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman is recognized for eight business of any country is with the Treasury Department. I anu one-half minutes. am satisfied that more of us have been called upon to talk Mr. TREADWAY. 1\.Ir. Chairman, I will endeavor to carry with officials of the Treasury Department on various matters out the admonition of the chairman in speaking to the bill, and concerning our constituents, our States, and our cities than if it is not Mr. LAGUARDIA. I am talking about a hospital patient. :Mr. SUTHERLAl'.~. Oh, no; the hospital services wer-e paid Take our city hospitals, our Government hospitals, or our for separately. State hospitals; there is oaly one kind of patient received Mr. LAGUARDIA. It included the assistance which the hos there, either a State or city or Government patif;nt, and a pri pital ga >e in the performance of the operation? vate surgeon could not bring a pai\ient there to treat, to cure, Mr. SUTHERLAND. The patient paid for all that. That or to operate upon. was outside of his fees as a surgeon. This only applies to his :Mr. SUTHERLAND. 'l'ake one of our Public Health Serv fees from private patients. ice hospitals here in Washin,gton; surely he can operate there. As I said before, if the manager of the railroad had said to l\Ir. L.l.GUARDIA. True: if it is a private hospital or if Doctor Beson you may have all you receive from private prac the patient goes there aR a private- patient and the doctor treats tice--when a patient comes 200 miles away for treatment we him ; hut that The gentleman stated a while ago that Doctor Beson had with ho~pitals. You are going to create a class in that hospital the right to refuse to operate on a patient if he wanted to. of public patients who can not afford to pay, - and they are That is an outrageous condition. I was raised in Arizona, going to be neglected. It is only natural, it is human, if this and when at Fort Huachua the only hospital was a Government doctor is going to get paid by private people, for him to give hospital at a military post. Anyone not a soldier who re more attention to them and n~glect the public patients. quired immediate treatment could get it at that hospital. A · Mr. SUl\Il\IERS of Washington. Will the gentleman permit prospector or any citizen who happened to be in those parts me to point out this fact, that the only way that this surgeon is and in need of immediate medical treatment was not turned going"to secure a wide practice and opportunity of participating away, but the Army doctor would not charge him ·a private fee. in many fees will be by doing efficient work on all of his Mr. SUTHERLAND. Yes; in a private hospital. The doc patients? tors felt that it was a privilege to go there in order that they l\Ir. L.AGUARDIA.. Yes. might treat outside patients. That is a practice which has Mr. SU:M~!ERS of Washingon. And that is what happens in been in vogue in Ala ·ka ever since the militacy force went isolated territories, where everyone knows the re ult of all there. operations. It is different in a city, where nobody knows what Mr. LAGUARDIA.. It is wrong. Where you have a hospital anybody else does, or what the results may be. in an isolated place, such as the gentleman points out, you Mr. LAGUARDIA. I want to say to my medical colleague have to accord equal facilities and equal h·eatment and care that if this agreement was entered into with Doctor Beson, of to all of your patient . course we are in honor bound to go through with it and pay. Mr. SUTHERLAND. Yes; but are you going to let the We should strike from this bill the word "hereafier." The public come to this hospital? Committee on Territories, or the proper committee, whatever .Mr. LAGUARDIA. If the public is to be charged, let them it may be, should bfing in a bill and provide a decent, adequate pay for their treatment, but ·let that sum go into the hospital salary for the man performing this kind of work. The hospital fund. I do not want the doctor to be in a position where he in Alaska is no different from other hospitals, nor are the will say, "I am not going to treat Mr. X in room 100 because people connected with it different from other men. They have he and I can not agree on my fee." the same weaknesses, and you can not get away from it. You Mr. SUTHERLA.l'>."D. When it comes to the salary of a are going to destroy the very purpose of that ini=ltitution. physician, if the Committee on Territories should come before Mr. DO\VELL. There being no further desire for time I ask this House with a proposition to pay a surgeon several hundred for a reading of the resolution. ' dollars or a thousand dollars a month in that hospital to treat The Clerk read as follows: the general public, how far does the gentleman think we would Resolt•ed, eto., That the President is hereby authorized to cause to be get with it? paid from hospital receipts or other funds of the Alaska Railroad the Mr. LAGUARDIA.. But the gentleman does not get my point. amounts heretofore or hereafter accruing to surgeons of the railroad We do not have to h·eat the general public. If they can afford under any agreements relating to fees collected in cases not entitled to to pay, they will pay, but let that money go into a fund in the free treatment under the hospital regulations of the railroad. Treasury, or wherever it belongs. The moment you permit your doctor to charge private fees in a public institution, you Mr. LAGUARDIA.. Mr. Chairman, I offer the following are demoralizing that institution and you are destroying its amendment. On page 1, line 5, strike out the words "or here purpose, because those that can pay will get the treatment and after." I will not take any time to debate the amendment. the public patients will not. The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment. Mr. DOWELL. Mr. Chairman, I think the gentleman does The question was taken, and the amendment was rejected. not understand the situation in Alaska. The gentleman should Mr. DOv\~ELL. Mr. Chairman, I move that the committee do take into consideration the fact that this is the only hospital now rise and report the resolution to the House with the recom within three or four hundred miles and the only opportunity mendation that the same do pass. for anyone to be served by a hospital. It seems to me that the The motion was agreed to. gentleman's contention is not well taken. Accordingly the committee rose; and the Speaker having re Mr. LAGUARDIA. Let the patients who can afford it and sumed the chair, Mr. MICHENER, Chairman of the Committee are not entitled to free treatment come in and let them pay, of the Whole House on the state of the Union, 1·eported that but take that money and put it into the funds of the hospital that committee hnving had under consideration House Joint or of the Treasury of the United States or wherever it belongs. Resolution 9G, had directed him to report the same back with Do not permit the doctor to enter into a private agreement the recommendation that the resolution do pass. with the patients in a public hospital. It should not be done. Mr. DOWELL. Mr. Speaker, I move the previous que. tion .Mr. SUMMERS of Washington. But what sort of ~ salary on the resolution . are you going to pity a competent surgeon to handle the hospital The previous question was ordered. in the way that the gentleman speaks of? The joint resolution was ordered to be engrossed and read Mr. LAGUARDIA. An adequate salary. the third time, was read the third time, and passed. Mr. SUMMERS of Washington. What does the gentleman On motion of :Mr. DowELL, a motion to reconsider the vote by mean by an adequate salary. Such salaries as they are in the which the joint resolution was passed was laid on the table. habit of paying, of course, would not enlist the services of a RELIEF OF SPECIAL DISBURSING AGENT, .ALASKAN E...'IGINEERING COM thoroughly competent surgeon. It seems to me that in order MISSION, ETC. to get the best possible service for all, you had better have an 1\lr. DOWELL. Mr. S~aker, I desire to call up House Joint agreement whereby you can get a high-class surgeon both for Resolution 243. the Government people and for the citizens outside of the The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Iowa calls up the joint Government service. resolution which the Clerk will report. Mr. LAGUARDIA. The gentleman who is himself a physi The Clerk read as follows : sion knows that this practice is bad in a public institution. Mr. SUMMERS of Washington. If it were down here where Joint resolution (H. J. Res. 243) for the relief of special disbursing there are other hospitals, yes; but when it is like this, an iso agents of the Alaskan Engineering Commission or of the Alaska Rail lated loc&tion, I do not think so. road. Mr. LAGUARDIA. Would it not be better if we paid them The SPEAKER. This joint resolution is on the Union jJalen an adequate salary and let these funds go into a hospital fund dar and automatical1y the House resolves itself into the Com or wherever it belongs toward paying the salary? That has mittee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. been the policy in every public institution in this country. Accordingly the House resolved itself into the Committee of 1.\Ir. SUMMERS of Washington. If you are willing to pay the Whole House on the state of the Union, with Mr. LEAVITT such a salary as will secure a thoroughly competent man. in the chair. ~Ir. LAGUARDIA. We have competent men in the public The CHAIRMAN. The House is in Committee of the Whole hospitals all over the counh·y. My city pays decent salaries to House on the state of the Un~on for the consideration of such men. Of course, you can not have visiting surgeons out House Joint Resolution 243, which the Clerk will report. in Alaska, and that is all the more reason why we should bnng The Clerk read as follows: in a bill and pay the bead surgeon and the head medical man a House joint resolution (H. J. Res. 243) for the relief of special dis decent salary. You are going to destroy the purpose of your hospital. Of course, you will pass this bill to-day, but I say bursing agents of the Alaskan Engineering Commi sion or of the Alaska to my f-riend from Alaska that he will rue this day. The gen Railroad. tleman is always right on territorial matters affecting this MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE Territory, but this once, I fear, he is mistaken. I know it is The committee informally rose; and the Speaker having a mistake on account of my own experience as a city official resumed the chair, a message from the Senate by 1\!r. CraYen, 1927 CQNGRESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE 2835 one of its c1erks, announced that the Senate insists upon its f On motion of Mr. Dow·ELL, a motion to reconsider the vote amendments to the bill (H. R. 15641) entitled "An act making I by which the joint resolution was passed was laid on the table. appropriations for th~ Navy Department and the naval service IMPROVEMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF OVERLAND COMMU~IC.ATION ON for the fi cal year ending June 30, 1928, and for other purposes," THE SE;W.ARD PENINSULA ALASKA disagreed to by the House of Representatives, and agrees to Mr D . ' . the conference asked by the House on the d isagreeing votes · . OWELL. Mr. Speaker, I des1re to call up House Jomt of the two Houses thereon, a nd had appointed as conferees on Resolution No. 73. . . the part of the Senate 1\lr. HALE, 1\Ir. PHIPPS, Mr. PEPPER, Mr. The ~PEAK.ER. The gentle~an from Iowa calls up the JOmt SWANSON, and Mr. GLASS. resolution which the Clerk w1ll report. The Clerk read as follows : MESSAGE FP.OM THE PRESIDENT House joint reselution (H. J. Res. 73) authorizing the improvement A message in writing from the President of the United of the system of overland communications on the Seward Peninsula, States was communicatecl t o the House by Mr. Latta, one of Alaska. his secreta ries, who also announced that the President did, on the following dates, approve House bills of the following num · The SPEAKER. This bill is on the Union Calendar, and bers and titles : automatically the House resolves itself into the Committee • of On January 18, 1927: the Whole House on the state of the Union. H. R. 15008. An act making appropriations for the Department Accordingly the House resolved itself into the Committee of of Agriculture for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1928, and for the Whole House on the state of the Union, with Mr. LEAVITT other purposes. in the chair. On January 21, 1927: The CHAIRMAN. The House is in Committee of the Whole H. R. 14236. An act granting the consent of Congress to the House on the st.ate of the Union for the consideration of House police jury of Rapides Parish, La., to construct a bridge across Joint Resolution 73, which the Clerk will report. Red River at or near Boyce, La. ; and The Clerk read as follows : H. R. 11616. An act authorizing the construction. repair, and House joint resolution (H. J. Res. 73) authorl.zing the improvement preservation of certain public works on rivers and harbors, and of the system of overland communications on the Seward Peninsula, for other purposes. Alaska. On January 22, 1927: H. R. 7555. An act to authorize, for the fiscal years ending 1\lr. DOWELL. 1\lr. Chairman, I yield 30 minutes to the June 30, 1928, and June 30, 1929, appropriations for carrying gentleman from Alaska [1\Ir. SuTHERLAND]. out the provisions of the act entitled "An act for the promotion l\Ir. SUTHERLAND. 1\lr. Chairman and gentlemen of the of the welfare and hygiene of maternity and infancy, and for committee, this is nouse Joint Resolution 73, authorizing an other purposes," approYed NoYember 23, 1921, and for other improved system of overland communications on the Seward purposes ; and Peninsula. The section of the country where it is proposed to H. R. 16164. An act to amend the act entitled "An act to amend build this tramroad is in extreme northwestern Alaska. The the Panama Canal act and other laws applicable to the Canal section of Alaska projected here on the map is known as the Zone, and for other purposes," approved December 29, 1926. Seward Peninsula, lying really between the A1·ctic Ocean and On January 26, 1927 : . Bering Sea. In the early days of the great Nome bonanza H. R. 14557. An act making appropriations for the Treasury placer camp there was a little narrow-gauge railroad for a and Post Office Departments for the fiscal year ending June distance of about 7 or 8 miles to the mines, and through the 30, 1928, and for other purposes; and years as the mining developed through the interior of this sec H. R. 15012. An act to amend the act entitled "An act to tion they kept on projecting the road until finally it extended to extend the time for the completion of the municipal bridge a distance of 87 miles into the interior. With the decline of the approaches, and extensions or additions thereto by the city of bonanza placer claims, the use for the railroad also declined. St. Louis within the States of Illinois and Missouri," approYed That is, with decliniug placer mining the revenue from the February 13, 1924, railroad declined very materially, until it could no longer be On January 27, 1927: operated at a profit by the private owners, and then the Terri H. R. 15530. An act to extend the time for the construction tory of Alaska appropriated money and bought the railroad, of a bridge across Red River at Fulton, Ark. with the franchise and everything that went with it. The Ter On February 1, 1927 : ritory has maintained it as a tramroad whereon riny citizen of H. R. 15014. An act granting the consent of Congress to the Alaska may place his little cart and hitch a dog team and haul city of Quincy, State of Illinois, its successors and assigns, to his supplies for a distance of 87 miles into the interior. They construct, maintain, and operate a bridge across the Mississippi have improved the road considerably, acting in cooperation RiYer; and with the Alaskan Road Commission of the Federal Govern H. R. 15642. An act granting the consent of Congress to the ment within the last two or three year , until to-day gas loco State of Michigan and Berrien County, or either of them, to motives operate upon it very successfully. I'econstruct, maintain, and operate a bridge across the St. There was a period during the decline when the road got in Joseph RiYer. bad condition and when they abandoned the little locomotiYes that were used on it. for the reason that their use was rather RELIEF OF SPECIAL DISBURSING .AGENTS, ALASKAN ENGINEERING dangerous, and so -they vent entirely to little hand cars COMMISSION, ETC. hauled by dogs, and in some cases they were hauled by horses. The committee resumed its session. Gradually the section far to the north of this development 1\lr. DOWELL. As there is no desire to speak, I ask that has been developed as a mining country and as a reindeer the resolution be read for amendment. country, and this resolution is an authorization of a continua The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will report the resolution. tion of this road, in part in connection with wagon roads, in The Clerk read as follows: part to the northern section, which is known as the Candle Resolved, etc., That the General Accounting Office is hereby author or Kotzebue region. ized and dixected to credit in the accounts of the special disbursing The question that naturally would arise when you glance agents of the Alaskan Engineering Commission sums heretofore dis at this map [indicating] is that there appears to be water allowed by that office on account of payments made to certain Army navigation around that peninsula from Nome to the mining officers by Army pay officers, and the payments made to the said section. That is true, but that navigation is closed for the officers as officers of the Army are hereby validated covering the greater part of the year. Ships can not go in there until the period from July 1, 1921, to February 28, 1922. middle of July, and it is not safe to venture into the Arctic after September. So you see there are many months in the 1\lr. DOWELL. 1\lr. Chairman, I moYe that the committee year when it is impossible to reach that section by water, do now rise and report the joint resolution to the House with and the situation would be relieved by the construction of this the recommendation that the same do pass. h·am road. The motion was agreed to. l\Ir. RANKIN. l\Iay I ask the gentleman why he does not Accordingly the committee rose; and the Speaker having re mark this road on the map? sumed the chair, 1\Ir. LEAVITT, Chairman of the Committee of J\lr. SUTHERLAND. I had this · map made some years the Whole House on the state of the Union, reported that that ago, when I was speaking of the railroad. committee, having had under consideration H. J. Res. 243, had 1\lr. RANKIN. Will the gentleman indicate just where we directed him to report the same back with the recommendation are going to put all this money? that it do pass. l\Ir. SUTHERLAI\TD. I will try to. Mr. DOWELL. 1\.fr. Speaker, I move the previous question. l\lr. ENGLEJBRIGHT. May I ask the gentleman how many The previous question was ordered. miles of extension that will be? . The joint resolution was ordered to be engrossed and read a Mr. SUTHERLAND. One hundred and seven miles. The third time, was read the third time, and passed. purpose of the continuation is to extend the tram road a 2836 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 distance of 12 miles, and then a wagon road for a distance of Mr. SUTHERLAND. Well, as I said, the benefits would be 65 miles, and then a tram road for a distance of 30 miles to general; but these 250 whites I speak of are operating mines, Candle. and each summer they bring in additional help, labor with The reason for the construction of this tram road is that which to operate their mines. they have discovered that in order to carry freight across the 1\!r. McDUFFIE. Could the gentleman approximate the ton tundra; that is, across the marsp.y, level sections of the Terri age and the value of the tonnage that would be carried over tory, it is much cheaper to lay down planks for ties and this road? place rails upon them than it would be to attempt to con Mr. SUTHERLAND. No ; I can not. struct gravel roads. In fact. the construction of gravel roads Mr. McDUFFIE. That is a matter of speculation, of course, would be almost out of the question, as the expense would be . but I thought probably the gentleman had figured to what ex enormous. But they can build these tram roads across the tent this tonnage would grow immediately upon the construc tundra for about $12,500 a mile. I believe that is the estimated tion of such a high way. cost. Mr. SUTHERLAND. Well, let me explain that. To-day the This section is now developing in placer mining. Of course, people located in there [indicating on map] depend on their it produced· a great deal of gold some :rears ago. Then the supplies by water transportation in July. They are opening up bonanza day passed, and it went to hydraulicking and dredging. their mines probably in May; their active work begin in May, In 1924 that particular section produced $95,000. In 1925 will it produced $111,000, and Dr. Phillip Smith, of the Geological and they have to wait at least two months for fresh sup Survey, who has Alaskan matters in charge, informed me that plies, and, therefore, they are dependent on the supplies that he did not have the amount for 1926 for that particular section lasted over from the other year. If this road were constructed, segregated, but he assured me that there has been a very mate they could ship supplies from Nome at any season of the year and obtain their fresh supplies in the spring, in early June~ rial increase, and from my own knowledge, not from anything when they arrh·e there. that Doctor Smith bas told me, I am very confident that the l\lr. McDUFFIE. Who are the e people you say own the output there has been over $150,000. In addition there is con mines? siderable reindeer grazing in that section of the Territory. There are large herds beyond. It would enable the shipment Mr. SUTHERLA~""D. In almost all cases they are Alaskans, of carcasses of reindeer down to the port at Nome. but the recent capitalization comes from the State , the dredges 1\Ir. LINTHICUM. Is this to be paid for out of the revenues that are going in there now. I have a letter from a Q.redge of the Tenitory of Alaska? man who is operating tliere, and perhaps if I read briefly from that it will give you a pretty clear idea of what he has in Mr. SUTHERLAND. In part. I might as well speak of mind. He says : that now. This provides for cooperation with the Territory of Ala ka. It is really extending the system of public high I have given them the following reasons for favorable action on this way consh·uction to the Territory of Alaska, although this is appropriation. not connected with the Bureau of Public Roads. It would give He had written to some Members of Congre s on the ub them an opportunity to cooperate by paying part of the expense ject- of the construction of this road, if it is authorized, by the Fed eral Government. Under the provisions of this report they First. Over 50,000,000 in gold has been mined from Seward Penin would cooperate to the extent of 20 per cent, and that would sula. placers and the mining on scientifi.e bases has just begun. correspond with the cooperation in some of the Western States. Second. It bas been fully demonstrated that the country along the In fact I think the State of Nevada and other States cooperate route of the proposed extension contains gold in commercial values. on a smaller percentage. Third. The mail route between Nome and Taylor coufd be extended 1\Ir. RANKIN. You mean the Territory would pay 20 per to serve Candle and other places which are now being served in an cent and the Federal Go>ernment 80 per cent? uncertain expensive and irregular manner by water from Nome. This 1\Ir. SUTHERLAND. Yes. would save thousands of dollars for the mail department. 1\Ir. LIN'TIDCUl\1. And the amount of gold obtained is Fourth. Coal for the miners could be secured from Chicago Creek, $150,000 a year? near Candle. Over 20,000 acres of placer mining ground are held by Mr. SUTHERLAND. To carry that output does not amount miners along this route, who are patiently waiting for cheaper trans to anything. It is the supplies that would go in and the rein portation to open up their mines, The freight rates to the central deer that would. come out. part of the Kougarok is between $300 and $400 per to:1. Mr. SHALLENBERGER. Can the gentleman tell us how That is the fact. "The freight rates in the past to the remote many people will be served by that road at pre ent? interior sections have been $300 and $400 a ton. 1\Ir. SUTIIE~TD. By being serv~d you have in mind the people who would be at the northern terminal point? Seventh. My personal opinion is that when the mining of the high :Mr. SHALLENBERGER. And would be benefited? bench gravels is undertaken lode gold will be discovered that will Mr. SUTHERLAND. Of course, those living at the southern make the estimated gold contents of the gravels of Seward Peninsula terminal would certainly be benefited, and that would mean a look like 30 cents, and the estimate of the gravel gold is rather for population of about 1,200. The whites at the northern terminal midable, as Mr. Brooks- would be about 250. I think that is the aggregate. \'\'llo was at the head of the Geological Survey, and passed Mr. SHALLENBERGER. Are there no people to be served away several :rears ago-- who are interested in mines or other enterprises between the terminals? estimated it to be about $325,000,000. This estimate was made nearly Mr. SUTHERLAND. Yes. These 250 are between the ter 20 :rears ago, but he says in his last report that there is no reason for minals and, in fact, located to the north. I am speaking of the changing it, although much more gold may be taken out as new and white population, and there is a much larger native population cheaper methods of extraction of the gold are being devised, particu which is engaged in the reindeer business. larly that of thawing frozen ground by cold water, which is now being :Mr. ENGLEBRIGHT. Can the gentleman give us some idea successfully done by a large company in Nome. as to the potential gold resources of that region? They are That is one of the discoveries they made in treating frozen quite extensi>e, are they not? ground; that it can be treated much cheaper with cold water Mr. SUTHERLAND. I feel they are, but it is always pretty than by the method which was originally used all through difficult to make an estimate as to the future production of the Canadian Klondike and in Alaska; that of thawing by gold. The large dredging companies can make a pretty exact steam. They find that cold water is just as efficient as steam e timate by their drilling and careful measurement of the in thawing; that is, perhaps not quite as efficient, but it is grounrl, but in a country where the prospects are as scattered very much cheaper; it is a very cheap method of thawing as they are here it would be >ery difficult for me to make an frozen ground. This letter was from Mr. K. L. Gravem, of estimate, and I would not care to submit one. Berkeley, Calif. I do not happen to know the gentleman, but Mr. McDUFFIE. Will the gentleman yield? he wl'ote me and I know he is one who is· interested in the Mr. SUTHERLAND. Yes. dredging propo::;ition up there. I also have a petition that was Mr. McDUFFIE. Is this road near the Alaskan Railroad? ent to the Ataskan Engineering Commission, signed by about Mr. SUTHERLAND. No; that i about 2,000 miles by water; DOO re idents of Nome and the section to which this road would I suppo~e in a direct line it is 700 miles or 800 miles. be projected. Mr. McDUFFIE. The gentleman said there would be some Mr. McDUFFIE. I hate to interrupt the gentleman again, thing. like 1,200 people at the lower end of tllis road and 250 but what is the population of Alaska now? nt tbe upper end. I presume they are white people. How many Mr. SUTHERLAND. The population of Alaska is a little less people, including the natives, will be directly benefited by the than 60,000. expenditure of that much money from the Public Treasury? Mr ... McDUFFIE. Is not that population decreasing rather About how many people all told? than increasing? 1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 2837 :Mr. SUTHERLAND. The population to-day is increasing, the interior and get into tl1e arid countrv, it is very cold, indeed slowly but substantially. During the war period, of course, we in the winter and reaches to as low as 70° or 75° below zero: lost a great many of our population, which was natural; they but nevertheless it is a delightful climate, even with its extreme were unmarried men and many of them adventurers. When cold. the war broke out in Europe I think that half who went from Mr. LINTHICUM. Will the gentleman yield? the Territory went to Canada and over to Europe. :.:Ir. SUTHERLAND. I yield to the gentleman. Mr. McDUFFIE. The existing population now is largely com Mr. LINTHICUM. As I understand, the gentleman proposes posed of those poeple who are more or less adventurers, is it to spend about $780.000? not? In other words, where is the stimulus for a man to leave Mr. SUTHERLAND. Seven hundred and fifty thousand dol a country like this, with all of its wonderful opportunities and lars; yes. its wonderful soil and the high wages and all that sort of tlling Mr. LINTHICU:l\I. And there are about 21~ people or 2£JO to go to Alaska? people at the northern end of this Territory who are to be Mr. SUTHERLAND. The gentleman in all his experience served. has never had what is known as the hobo spirit. Mr. SUTHERLAND. Yes. Mr. ·McDUFFIE. Probably I have missed a great deal. Mr. LINTHICUM:. And the gentleman does not know the [Laughter.] tonnage that will be brought owr this road? 1\.lr. SUTHERLAND. It is a spirit to wander that seems to Mr. SUTHERLAXD. Oh, no; but I am looking, of course, be implanted in the people of the world and particularly in those for a material increase in population. There is bound to be whom we call the Anglo-Saxons. There is a fascination to go such an increase in connection with this industry. to the very remotest places on the earth to see what is there, The reindeer industry does not bring a great increase of and when one gets there, there seems to be a fascination about population, just as the public lands in the States where the it that causes one to remain. I went to Alaska 29 years ago, cattle gra~e have no population to speak of; but nevertheless just in a spirit of adventure, to see what was there, and I have there is an immense industry established there, and that is remained all through the years. I left all the attractions of what this reindeer industry is to be for northern Alaska. the East that the gentleman speaks of. These animals are increasing at a wonderful rate. The only Mr. McDUFFIE. Alaska is fortunate to have men like the question in my mind is the marketing of the product. I pre gentleman. dict that next yenr there will be a million deer on the Alaska l\1r. SUTHERLAND. Thank you for the compliment. ranges. Mr. McDUFFIE. But all Alaskans are not like the gentle Mr. LLN'THICUM. I was going to say further that the Ter man. ritory of Alaska will pay about one-fifth and the United States Mr: SUTHERLAND. Oh, yes; they are. I am just repre Government will pay the balance, four-fifths. sentative of Alaska. They are all like me. [Laughter and Mr. SUTHERLAND. Out in Maryland you pay 50 per cent. applause.] Mr. LINTHICUM. Yes. Mr. McDUFFIE. But I was simply wondering whether or Mr. SUTHERLAND. Maryland is a rich State; and out in 1. not we can ever hope to have such a migration to Alaska as to Nevada, a State not nearly as wealthy and with larger areas justify us in continuing to pour money from the Public Treas of public lands, their cooperation gets down to less than 10 ury into that vast area. per cent. Mr. SUTHERLA!-.TD. I think you are going to have such a Mr. AREN'l'Z. Twelve per cent. migration without any doubt. At the present time the pulp Mr. SUTHERLAND. 'When you figure out the engineering interests are in Alaska. They are negotiating for leases on and all that sort of thing, is it not less than 12 per cent? large areas of pulp land. I read the statement in one of the Mr. ARENTZ. Oh, no. papers up there that ·in a ver~· shor·t time there will be a popu Mr. SUTHERLAND. I yield to the judgment of the gentle lation of 10,000 people in connection with one pulp establish man from Nevada on that point. ment that would be set up there. Mr. LINTHICUM. We pay about 50 per cent; but our diffi I can understand how this may be true, because down in culty is getting the District of ColUlllbia to pay anything to British Columbia I have visited the pulp-mill to\>Yns there connect up with our highways; that is our great difficulty. where they have populations of 3,000 or 4,000 people, and that Mr. SUMMERS of 'Vashington. Will the gentleman yield? project is a much smaller one than the project that is proposed Mr. SUTHERLA~~. I yield to the gentleman. in Alaska. I think the time has arrived when the natural Mr. SUMMERS of Washington. In giving a little descTip t·esom·ces of Alaska are going to be developed, particularly the tion of the country, did the gentleman tell us anything about timber resources. the agricultm·al possibilities, with respect to the vegetables that 1\lr. McDUFFIE. I hope they will, and I am very much can be grown in this " land of perpetual snow and ice," as interested in seeing that done. some people believe it to be? l\1r. SUMMERS of Washington. Will the gentleman yield? l\lr. SUTHERLAND. There is no question about the produc Mr. SUTHERLAND. I yield to the gentleman from Wash tion of vegetables. Any vegetable except corn grows pro ington. lifically there, including domesticated berries of all kinds. Mr. SUMMERS of Washington. I am very certain there is a Mr. SlJl\ll\lERS of Washington. Potatoes, h1rnips, and so wide'spread misunderstanding as to climatic and oilier condi forth. tions in Alaska. Would not the gentleman take just a minute Mr. SUTHERLAl\'D. Yes; potatoes, turnips-we get all of or two and enlighten us as to actual conditions there? thoF.:e vegetables better than those of the States. Mr. SUTHERLAND. I can illustrate that by an item which 1\Ir. SUMMERS of Washington. Where are these vegetables came out in the Post just the other day. grown mainly? Mr. RANKIN. Before the gentleman gets on that subject, 1\Ir. SUTHERLA.I\'T>. In the :Matanuska district and Fair the gentleman does not contend there is any pulp timber in banks, and in some of the portions of southern Alaska. There connection with this proposed project? is no question about the raising of vegetables- the finest in the Mr. SUTHERLAI\"'D. Oh, no; there is scarcely a tree in all world. The only question is as to the market. The market for this country I am speaking about .in connection with this pro vegetables in Alaska is only with the local population. " posed road. Mr. SUIDIERS of Washington. I nnderstand there were The other day the Post publiEhed a picture of an Indian, the about $75,000,000 of exports from Alaska last year. mayor of Metlakatla, who had been to the White House, and Mr. SUTHERLAND. A little more than that; I think the caption stated that he had come from a land of perpetual $76,000,000. - ice and snow to see the President. The Indian told me that all · Mr. McDUFFIE. Mainly fish and reindeer meat? last rear, through winter and summer, he had never seen a Mr. SUTHERLAND. Fish amounting to fifty millions, I fiake of snow nor had there been any indication of snow on the think, and minerals seventeen millions. motmtain tops of Annette Island. He came from southeastern Mr. RANKIN. How about furs? Alaska, where the climate to-d-ay is milder than it is right here Mr. SUTHERLA.I\-rrl. I think furs were exported to the in Washington. People frequently in asking about Alaska in amount of two or three million dollars. quire how they get out in the winter. As a matter of fact, Mr. McDUFFIE. Where is Wrangell Narrows? every port on the coast of Alaska for a distance of 2,000 miles Mr. SUTHERLAND. That is in the southeastern Alaska, is an open-winter port and the weather is much milder than it and the wisdom of the appropriation for the improvement of is right here on the Potomac, for it is only in very rare in Wrangell Narrows a year ago will be clearly demonstrated by stances that in any of the ports of south Alaska you would see the manufacturing company I spoke of a moment ago. It was the comparatively thin layer of ice that you see down on the one of the inducements for these people to engag~ in the pulp l 'otomac River during the winter. 'l'he climate on the coast of industry on account of the improvement of that waterway. Alaska is very, very mild, indeed, modified, of course, by the Mr. ARENTZ. Will the gentleman yield? Japan Current. When you pass over the mountain range into Mr. SUTHERLAI\TD. Yes. 2838 CONGRESSIONAL R.ECORD-HOUSE .FEBRUARY 2 Mr. AREXTZ. To go back to the tramway, what did the Mr. O'C01\TNELL of Rhode, Island. Is all of the territory original 6u miles cost the government of Alaska? contiguou to this proposed railway suitable for reindeer _ 1\Ir. SUTHERLAND. Eight~·- even miles. My impression is grazing? that they paid about $23,000. l\Ir. SUTHERLA.i~D . Virtually all. Of course, there are Mr. ARI!JNTZ. In the meantime have they kept it up? barren sections through rocky portions where reindeer mo s Mr. SUTHERLA!\TD. No; it became rather dilapidated for does not grow, but as a general thing it is a reindeer country. a number of years, but within the last two years it has been l\Ir. O'CONNELL of Rhode Island. Can the gentleman give rehabilitated. us an idea of the commercial value of reindeer meat now Mr. AREI\""TZ. And who did that? shippetl to the United States? Mr. SU'l'HERLAND. The Alaska Road Commission in con Mr. SUTHERLAND. There were about 8,000 c:nca. :;;es junction with the T erritory. shipped to the States last fall. I do not know just what the Mr. LlNTHICUl\1. Will the gentleman yield? value was. 1\lr. SUTHERLAND. I will yiel said that they would never have magnificent physical specimen of a man. considered entering into that field to establish dredges except l\lr. AREJNTZ. l\Ir. Chairman, I think we ought to settle the for this system of transportation that has been opened np by matter of the value of these reindeer. The reindeer, I under the Government. The same thing applies exactly to this little stand, will dre. s about 160 pounds. tram road that is proposed in this bill. It is going to bring l\fr. SUTHERLAND. Yes. about a development of that northern section of the Territory Mr. ARENTZ. You can not get 32 cents a pound for rein just as surely as the broad-gauge Government railroad has deer meat in Alaska? brought about a development of the section farther south. l\lr. SUTHERLA~iD. Oh, no. Mr. O'CONNELL of Rhode Island. l\Ir. Chairman, will the 1\Ir. ARENTZ. Fifty dollars a head would be 31 cent a gentleman yield? pound. That must be ab. olutely wrong. Mr. SUTHERLAND. Yes. Mr. SUTHERLAND. I spoke of Seattle. I aid I had a Mr. O'CO:I\"1\"'ELL of Rhode I land. Is it not the opm1on of rough estimatE> of them at $50 a head in Seattle. l\Iy e8timate the gentleman that in the future the production of reindeer meat is perhaps high. As a matter of fact, they purchase deer in as food is going to be one of the chief industries of Alaska? Alaska for $10 a head. l\Ir. SUTHERLAND. It is going to be a tremendous indus Mr. ARENTZ. That is about the price we get for wild hor e try in Alaska and through western Canada. A Harvard pro meat off the range, and when you pay freight to San Francisco fe:-:sor lecturing recently at one of the institutes said that it makes it cost about $5. within our time--and be was a young man-a great portion of Mr. SUTHERLAND. The gentleman does not compare wild the meat supply of the United States will come from sub-Arctic bor ·es with the Alaskan reindeer? regions. Of course, the Canadian Northwest is a much larger l\lr. ARENTZ. Only as far as the price is concerned. range than Alaska, and a great deal of the meat will come Mr. COLE. It i. used for food? from there. Mr. .ARENTZ. Used for chicken feed. 1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2839 Mr. ENGLEBRIGHT. I understand the purpose of this frozen for thousands and thousands of years. When the early road is to open up a large mineral area, to develop Alaska adventurers went up to Alaska in order to mine this gold they further, and bring into production vast mineral resources and first had to melt the ground, usually with heated rocks. If mining? you can get behind my friend, Hon. JoHN F. MILLER, of Wash l\Ir. SUTHERLAND. There is no reason why it should not ington, and have him make a speech recounting his experiences be done. in Alaska, as many of us who have been on these trips have Mr. LANKFORD. l\Ir. Chairman, I yield the remainder of tried to do, and get him talking about it and how it was car my time to the gentleman from Mississippi [1\Ir. RANKIN]. ried on in the old days, you will be vastly entertained. Mr. RANKIN. 1\Ir. Chairman, I am going to ask those who They would first heat rocks, place them down in the hole, and are p1·e ent to pay attention to what I have to say, as we are melt the ground for an inch or two deep. When the rocks had going to have a roll call on this proposition. 'Vith all defer·ence cooled they would dig out the thawed gravel and pile it out to to the gentleman from Alaska, this, in my opinion, is a very one side. They would repeat the process all during the winter usele s waste of $600,000 of Government money. months, and when the spring came and the thaws began they I have supported practically every measure coming before the \vashed this sand and gravel to get out the small particles of committee looking to the real, substantial, reasonable develop gold. To-day they use acetylene torches or steam pipes instead ment of that Territory. I had occasion a few years ago to of heated rocks. I looked down into one shaft at Fairbanks visit Alaska; and took a trip over the Alaskan Railroad. I and saw them melting the grom1d with steam pipes and wash visited tile interior and saw one herd of reindeer. I did not ing it to get out the small particles of gold. get excited then, and I am not now, about any competition That was done, just as this will be done, by private interests. American beef will ever have from Alaskan reindeer meat. And This is not a public enterprise. This is a private enterprise tho e l\Iembers who were with us on the trip felt the same way for the benefit of private individuals. They want to get out about it. But eYen if the reindeer in Alaska stood a chance there and dig into this frozen soil in order that they may take to compete with American beef, it would probably not be in out the gold. It is not profitable to do it now, and therefore volved in this· proposition at all, or very little to say the least they are asking the Government to appropriate this money in of it. These reindeer feed on the reindeer moss that grows order that they may have free transportation. under the snow, on top of the frozen ground. That is all they Mr.· McDUFl!"IE. l\lr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield haye to feed on. We had reindeer meat on the train, I think there? probably every meal, and while it did fairly well, it did not l\Ir. RA~'KIN. Yes. compare with American beef or American pork or lamb. l\1r. McDUFFIE. As to the territory traversed by this road, You are asked, gentlemen of the Congress, to appropriate out is that a part of the public domain subject to entry by anyone? of the Federal Treasury $600,000. Now, if one of the Members Who owns this land? ftom an average State should ask $600,000 for local appropria 1\fr. RANKIN. "Then a fellow gets into the interior of tions, for local improvements, judging by experience you would Alaska he can usually say, in tbe language of Alexander Sel have certain 1\fembers of Congress demand an explanation of kirk- every dollar of it, and I am going to give an explana'tion of this I am monarch of all I survey ; as best I can. I sent for the hearings, and to my surprise they My right there is none to dispute; could not be had ; possibly they were not printed. From the center all round to the sea Alaska is a great Territory. It comprises an area of 580,000 I am lord of the fowl and the brute. square miles, or twelve times the size of the State of Pennsyl l\Ir. l\fcDUFFIE. I am . asking about the ownersllit1 of the vania. This railroad here is 467 miles long from Seward to land. Fairbanks--467 miles-and was built at an expense of $57,000,- Mr. RANKIN. I suppose the land is about as free as the 000. In order to get around to Bering Sea you have to travel ice. [Laughter.] almost as far as you would from Seward, Alaska, around l\1r. McDUFFIE. It is still a part of the public domain? through the Panama Canal to Washington, because you have to l.\Ir. RANKIN. Yes. But all you have to do is to move go around the Aleutian Islands to get to Bering Sea. on it and take poRsession. · Nome, Alaska, is situated at the southern terminus of this Mr. ENGLEBRIGHT. Does the gentleman mean to say that proposed tramroad. It is an old tramroad used in the past the gold miners have been operating for gold at a loss because for that purpose. They propose to revive it. In order that you the gold is so scarce? may understand what kind of a country you are building this Mr. RANKIN. I will answer the gentleman's question by tramroad in, let us take a survey of it. This is a narrow-gauge asking him a question: If they were not operating at a loss, railroad, I think possibly 25 or 30 inches wide, laid on a very why do they come in here and ask us to provide for them a small track. That track is laid oYer small crossties, and those gift of that road? crossties had to be brought from soine-where else. That country l\Ir. ENGLEBRIGHT. They are not asking us to mine tlte is so cold and bleak it does not grow enough timber to sup gold. . . ply the crossties•to put under this road. If I make any state Mr. RANKIN. Oh, no. In the same way, I did not a;;;k you ment that doe.::. not square with the testimony, I shall be ~lad to build a post office in my district. All I asked was that you :(or anyone to correct me. Nome, Alaska, had 852 people under appropriate the money, and we will build the post office or the census of 1920. Now, this census was taken in the winter have it built. time, and fortunately for Nome, because in tl)e wintertime in Mr. DOWELL. But we are appropriating money to build Alaska the folks are all at home. because at that time the your roads so that you can get from one place to another. thermometer has dropped far below zero and all this area of The Government has been engaged in that for a number of Alaska here is frozen up. years. There is little or no opportunity to scatter out, so I presume Mr. RANKIN. Under the Federal road system certain inter that those 852 people coYer tile .:'ntire population of the town state highways are given Government aid. In those cases the of. Nome. There are not more . than 250 people, according to Government will appropriate 50 per cent up to $10,000 a mile. the census report, along this proposed route all the way to its But they are public roads, not private enterprises, and they northern terminus. are not to enable some one to go out into the woods to a saw The object of this measure is not to encourage people to go up miH or down to the field where he proposes to mine gold or there and raise vegetables. It is not to encourage people to drill an oil well. go up there and engage in the fishing industry, which, by the This bill is deceptive on its face. I have looked into the way, is by far the greatest industry in all the Territory of facts, and it appeared to me to be so w1just tllat I wrote this Alaska. ..lbout forty or fifty million dollars' worth of fish minority report, and there has not been a word of it denied or come out of Alaska eyery year, but they are not caught there. contradicted. They say that the Territorial government will Tiley are found around the mouths of streams. The gold indus put up 20 per cent-20 per cent of $750,000-and we put up the try does not amount to much up there. The principal object other $600,000. · As I say, there are only 250 people up there of this proposition is to build a tl·amroad for the benefit of along this route, and the people who live at Nome are engaged certain men, private individuals, in the United States who in various other occupations. I will guarantee that there are are engaged in prospecting for placer gold, to enable them to one or two persons, or at least a Yery small number of per go out there and continue this little road up to about here sons or companies, who will benefit personally by this a})pro [indicating on map], and then use a dog sled from there on; priation of more than half a million dollars to reestabli~h that to go into this cold, bleak regio11 to mine placer gold. road and to enable them to haul their rigs and their supplies 1\Iany of you or most of you know more about placer gold out there to mine gold. mining than I do ; that is, taking gold from the sand and They told me in Alaska also that the best placer-gold mines gravel instead of from solid rock. The ground up there is invariably were not paying an-ything, · and that is the reason frozen, I do not know how many feet deep, and has been so I say that I sel'iously doubt if this outfit here [indicating on r 2840 CONGRESSIOX.A.L RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 map] is paying e:xpen. es, for if it were it would not let this 1\Ir. RANKIN. I do not; but if I had the figures here I ol Mr. RA..."-'KIN. As to such a proposition you would not priation because they told us when we built the railroad it m·en get a hearing before the committee. would only cost $35,000,000, hut they haYe kept on until it has Mr. SUTHERLAND. Will the gentleman yield'? cost $57,000,000. It is 467 miles long, and there are not 10,000 1\Ir. RAI\TJUN. Yes. people living within 300 miles of it in e\ery direction. !\lr. SUTHERLAND. The que tion asked by the gentleman Mr. McDUFFIE. Doe the gentleman know what the tonnage from l\1i si.ssippi interest · me. I realize he is acquainted with of the railroad is? l\lississippi and he has rai ed a very pertinent que tion. With his knowledge of the towns in Mississippi that are served by Mr. RAI\'KIN. No; but it is very light. They run two trains a week ; but some day it may be that ]fairbanks will roads, I wonder if he recalls Shiloh and the road the gentle build up and that .. e<.:tion of Ala ~ ka may deYelop to a point man from Mississippi put over on Congress two or three years where w-e will be justified in running these trains. I am not ago. He simply took this House right off of its feet when knocking that part of Alaska. There are some things up there he was pleading for the construction of a road to Shiloh. I I would like to change, but I am certainly not in favor of get do not know that anybody knew the population that was served ting off the railroad and doing t11e stupid thing of going 1,000 by that road, but everybody knew that Shiloh was a place of miles out over this frozen ground into this Territory, that is great historical interest, and the gentleman simply, by his frozen a vast majority of the year on top of the grotrnd and oratorical powers, persuaded this House to give him a road to 21h feet under the ground, which has not thawed since the Shiloh, even though it had not been incorporated in the bill; ice age, and spending $000,000 out there merely to enable .'orne be succeeded in placing an amendment in tl1e bill providing few fellows to go out there and exploit for gold. for a road to Shiloh, and now he is using the same oratorical powers to persuade Members of this House that there is no This ground here [indicating on map] the gentleman from necessity for a road in tllis section of Alaska because of the Ala::;ka tells us is frozen up until July. The gentleman may be .spar.., e population Jlnd the fact that it .is going to serve some correct about that. All tho e streams freeze up. In the early business enterprises. The great, new railroad serves bm;ine ·s part of the fall they begin to freeze and break and jam and interests and private enterprises, and that is all a road can freeze until every one of them becomes a glittering thread of serve in the development of private enterprises. ice for hundi·eds and hundreds of miles. Ur. RANKIN. It i true that I seemed the adoption of an I remember at Fairbanks they told me of one experience amendment providing for the construction of a road to Shiloh, there that made me remember the time thi ice goes out. They but that amendment did not appropriate $600,000; it appro have what they call an ice pool. The ice i ~ about 10 or 12 feet priated the amount of $50,000. thick. Tlwy take a wire and attach one end of it to the ice I did that in order that those old veterans who wore the and the other end to a clock, so that when tl1e ice moves it stops blue and those who wore the gray, and their wives and chil the clock. Then they sell gue ses as to the day and the hour dren, might have access to the great battle field of Shiloh, and the minute when the ice will break. 'Vhoever (7ne. ~es the where northern courage and southern valor once grappled for correct time or comes nearest to the time gets the entire pool. the supremacy of a new world. In 1923 the ice pool at l!""airbanks amounted to $11,000, and the If this were a proposition of that kind, I might vote for it. ice broke at 2 o'clock and 13 minutes on the afternoon of :May In that connection let me say that soldiers living in districts 9. When it does break it creates a great commotion, because whose Representatives voted against me have written and the people realize that the winter is over and spring i. about to thanked me for doing away with the toll gates, where it used arrive, and they ru._h out of their houses and line t11e banks of to cost a man with an automobile about $1.85 or $2 to carry the stream and fairly shout for joy as that great raginoo, roar his family in and bring them out. I have no apology for my ing torrent of ice moYes down the Tanana River out into the action in that regard; but in this particular instance you have Yukon and on into Bering Sea. a few private indiriduals who are asking you to appropriate The gentleman says this territory is frozen until July. It money in order to build a way for them to get in and out in seems to me that when the ice goes down the Yukon in early mining gold for their own private aggrandizement, and it is rm l\Iay and out into Bering Sea it would also clear Bering Strait reasonable, it is unjust. You can not say there is any politics here, but I am not sure as to that. If so, the argument that mixed up in it, becau e nobody in Alaska \otes either ticket. It they need this road to get in on during the month of 1\lay would is just simply a question of economy. I can not vote for it, I not apply, because if the ice goe. out of Bering Strait at the am not going to support it, and I am going to have a roll call same time that it goes down the Yukon River the people could on it. begin going through in the montli of May. Mr. McDUFFIE. Will the gentleman yield? If this was anywhere in the United States, where every Mr. RANKIN. Yes. Member of Congress could go and look a.t it, it would not get Mr. McDUFFIE. l\Iay I a k the gentleman if be knows enough votes in this House f01· the RECono to show them. I how much money bas already been expended from the Public am not criticizing the gentleman from Alaska. Somebody has Treasury in the Territory of Alaska? asked the gentlem~n to introduce th~s bill. No doubt they are 1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECO)lD-HOUSE 2841 constituents of his or perhaps some of his constituents have other means, consists of the following elements, which are feasible and asked him to support it. desirable, and the estimated cost of whlch is as indicated : I do not blame the gentleman. He has done his best about From Shelton to Dahl, extension of the Nome-Shelton tram- way, 12 miles, at $12,500 per mile ______.:.. ______$150, 000 it, and if it was a reasonable proposition I would go a long From Dahl to Inmachuk, improvement of winter trail to sum- way to help him out ; but under the circumstances I can not mer trial standard, including bridges, 65 miles, at $3,000 vote, and I will not ·vote, to appropriate this amount of money per mile------19.J,OOO in order to help a few individuals to go out there and prospect From lnmachu.k to Candle Creek, construction of a tramway, for gold, even if It were a. new field with all kinds of promises, 30 miles, at $13,500 per mile------405, 000 and ~spa:ially not since it is an old, run-down field that has Total------750,000 proved to be a failure to such an extent that they have let the 1\lr. RANKIN. I presume from our experience in keeping up old tram road go down. · · public enterprises, it will cost a good deal to keep this road ·un. Mr. McDUFFIE. I will say to the gentleman that, of course, In my opinion this is beyond the scope of the prerogatives of we have Alaska and we have got to keep it, and it is our duty the Federal Congress, and I hope that you will vote this bill to do what is right and proper for the development of Alaska. down. Mr. RANKIN. Certainly. Mr. SUTHERLAND. Will the gentleman yield not for me Mr. McDUFFIE. But without any prospects that I know of to contradict the gentleman, but to make some things clear in for 'the future, it occurs to me that the loss in the operation his mind? of the railroad of $1,800,000 a year is a very costly procedure Mr. RANKIN. Certainly. for the public Treasury of the United State , and I was won Mr. SUTHERLAND. The gentleman spoke of all the people dering if there was J!Ot some way by which we could help the at Nome being at home at the time the census was taken in people of Alaska to get along at a little less cost until we be the winter. Unfortunately for Alaska when the census was come so populous, perhaps, that it will be necessary for our taken in the winter a great many of the people were in the people to eek the benefits that might be derived from living States. The gentleman gave the correct figures for the twen in Alaska. tieth census, but probably before the census was taken there Mr. RANKIN. I will say to the gentleman from Alabama were two large steamships left with seven or eight hundred [l\Ir. McDUFFIE] that there are only 55,000 people in Alaska, people who went to the States and did not return until spring, 27,500 whites and about the same number of Indians and Es and that condition obtained very largely over a considerable kimos. The Indians live up and down these streams and the portion of the Territory. railroad amounts to very little with them. The Eskimos, as Mr. RANKIN. So instead of there being 1,500 population a rule, are up in the northern part of Alaska and are engaged there might be 3,000? in seal fishing and possibly the raising of a few reindeer. The Mr. MICHENER. I would like to ask the gentleman a ques Indians live along and around the mouths of the streams, and tion. What is the motive power to be used on this tramway? the railroad amounts to little so far as they are concerned. Mr. RANKIN. The most of the way it is dog power. If the Mr. McDUFFIE. Is it a fact that the Eskimo population gentleman will pardon me, it will take all the reindeer in the is decreasing rather than increasing? country to furnish food for the dogs needed for the power for .1\lr. RANKIN. They are both decreasing. this tramway. Mr. McDUFFIE. The whites and the Eskimos Mr. MICHENER. The motive power is dog power for the Mr. RANKIN. The Eskimos and the Indians. The whites tramway? decreased 10,000 between 1910 and 1920. That number of them Mr. SUTHERLAND. For 87 miles they use dogs. The dogs came back to the United States ; and I think the gentleman will are used by p1·ivate individuals. Any individual has a right find that up until the last few years the hard winters have to put a car on this tramway and haul it with the dogs. On the gradually killed the Indians off; for instance, tuberculosis other hand, they have a small gasoline locomotive. seems to be very prevalent among them, and also pneumonia. Mr. MICHENER. Will the bed of the track hold up a loco Mr. McDUFFIE. Did they always have it or did the white motive? people carry it up there? Mr. SUTHERLAND. Oh, yes; it is an ordinary narrow Mr. RAJ'I;'KIN. I asked that question once or twice myself, gauge. but did not get any specific answer. Mr. MICHENER. When this matter was up before I was Mr. TILSON. Will the gentleman describe the nature of the very much surprised that a Government railroad was proposed road which is intended to be built and give us something as to to be operated by dog power. the permanence and durability after it is built? l\lr. SUTHERLAND. Yes; it is operated very successfully l\lr. RANKIN. I will say that from here, on the map, out for private people. for a distance to a place called Dog, they are going to revive an Mr. SHALLENBERGER. Will the gentleman yield? old tram road built years ago, when, as I said, the crossties had Mr. RANKIN. I will. to be imported. There will be no trouble to sustain the roadbed, Mr. SHALLENBERGER. Does the gentleman know anything because the ground is frozen most of the time. But from there about the snowfall up in that locality? Is the snowfall very on it is going to be a dog-sled road. They talk about the heavy? benefits to the public. I imagine they will have to pay pretty Mr. SUTHERLAND. Not as heavy as down on the coast. high transportation to ride over this dog-sled road. Down on the coast they have a v.ery heavy snowfall at times. Mr. TILSON. It is a dii·t road? Mr. SHALLENBERGER. I know up around Valdez the only way the trail can be kept open is to keep it broken out by Mr. RANKIN. My understanding is that they will call it a horses or mules, so that in that case the tramway would be pike, but it is a dirt and gravel ··oad from there on. It will be covered by snow the most of the time. frozen for nine months of the year from the 15th of September Mr. DOWELL. 1\lr. Chairman, I yield 10 minutes to the to about the 15th of May. gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. SHBEVE]. Mr. McDUFFIE. It is not to be a railroad? Mr. SHREVE. 1\Ir. Chairman and gentlemen of the House, Mr. RANKIN. It is to be a little tram road for a short dis- I would like to interrogate the Delegate from Alaska [Mr. tance and then a dog-sled road or h·ail from thereon. .SUTHERLAND]. l\1r. McDUFFIE. What is to be the width of it? Mr. SUTHERLAND. Very well Mr. RAJ\'KIN. I think about 25 inches. Mr. SHREVE. Does Colonel Steese, the chairman of the Now, gentlemen, I want to leave this thought with you, that Alaskan Roa(i Commission, favor this proposition? when you appropriate $600,000 you are not appropriating money Mr. SUTHERLAND. Yes. The report is made by Colonel to build up a community ; you are not appropriating money to Steese and approved by the Army Engineers. Then I am for it. build an interstate road. Mr. SHREVE. Mr. Chairman, I will say to the House that You are appropriating money to help a few individuals to go Colonel. Steese comes from Pennsylvania, and that is enough. out and mine placer gold in order that they may make money, Furthermore, he is one of the most distinguished Army engi and not one penny are you going to get back except as an neers. He is' just now on a return trip from away over in income tax. Egypt, after being in consultation with engineers of all the Mr. LINTHICUM. In answer to the question of the gentle nations of the world in some road-building proposition. It was man from Connecticut [:Mr. TILSON] I notice that the report my good fortune to visit Alaska last year. I was up in this says: district, and covered all of the southwestern part of Alaska. I After due consideration of the above-mentioned report I concur in was within 40 or 50 miles of the Arctic Circle. I assure the the views of the president of the B<1ard of Road Commissioners of House that the statements made by the gentleman from Alaska Alaska, and, therefore, report that the best and most practicable con [Mr. SuTHERLAND] about the great development going on in nection between the Nome-Shelton system of communications and the that country are true. The manager of the United States Smelt coal deposits of the Kugruk River, Chicago Creek, and the Keewalik ing & Refining Co. took me in tow for two or three days. We mining districts, whether by wagon road, sled road, tramway, trail, or traveled all over their v~st development. It has be£:n stated J
2842 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 that they have been many years getting ready. Why, they are I country except for the railroad and the roads. The freiO'ht changing the course of a river there for 85 miles, bringing it handled for the smelting company has brought in a reve~ue d?wn on one range of mountains and taking it through iron that has reduced the deficit of the railroad nearly $400,000- pipes through the valley and up over the top of another moun" Mr. RANKIN. Does the gentleman contend that the Alaskan tain. They are spending $9,000,000 before they attempt to make Railroad has reduced its deficit $450 000? a single dollar. And why? They are doing it for the reason l\Ir. SHREVE. I said about $300,000. that they know that gold is there. They have made a careful l\Ir. RANKIN. It cost about $1,800 000 more to operate the study of that situation. They have had their engineers making railroad last rear than the revenues f~om it. ~urveys. Mr. SHREVE. My figures do not say so. Mr. l\iORTON D. HULL. Who is spending that money. Mr. RAl~IN. Then I think the gentleman has the wrong Mr. SHREVE. The United States Smelting & Refining Co. figures. l\Ir. l\i ORTON D. HULL. That is a private concern? 1\Ir. SHREYE. No; some other gentleman corrected me and l\Ir. SIIREYE. Certainly; but who spent the money in this at the time I was there the manager of the road told me' they country to build the railroads? had reduced the deficit ab_out $300,000: Mr. RANKIN. And if gold were as plentiful up at Nome, l\Ir. RANKIN. Here is what I think he had in mind: That it this same company would go there and build its own road. would cost about $300,000 less to run it than it did the year l\Ir. SHREVE. Mr. Chairman, I happen to be one of the before. But the loss would still be more than a million and a ~riginal supporters of the Alaskan Railroad in the Sixty-third half dollars a year. Congress. ' Mr. STRONG of KanM.s. In the cost of the operation of the 1\fr. SUTHERLAND. Mr. Chairman, if the gentleman will railroad is the cost of maintaining the mines owned by the permit me to answer the gentleman from Mississippi, an allied Navy, and the cost of operating the railroad out to the mines, company of the one the gentleman is speaking of does operate and that cost a large part of the money that does not bring in in Nome, with four dredges, recently established. Last year any revenue. they increa eel the output of that camp by $1,200,000. That is Mr. SHREVE. It cost a large sum of money ; there is no the increase that came through the operation of their four doubt about that. dredges at the southern or coastal terminus of this proposed 1\Ir. DOWELL. Mr. Chairman, I yield five minutes to the road. gentleman from Kansas [Mr. STRONG]. 1\lr. SHREVE. The thing that I want to speak about particu- Mr. STRONG of Kansas. Gentlemen of the committee it larly is the road situation. I traveled over four or five hundred is impossible for anyone to present facts regarding Alaska 'un miles of the roads in Alaska, and I say to you that the roads less he has lived there a great many years and traveled all are a mighty sight better than they are in some of the places I over it. I went with my colleague [Mr. RANKIN] and other have traveled through in Pennsylvania. In the first place, Members of -this House to Alaska in :!.923, starting at Seward the man '"ho is building the roads knows how to do it, and then and then going up to Fairbanks on the railroad and back. nature has provided at intervals, scattered here and there There was no opportunity to go to the northern and eastern through that section, great banks of grav-el. They have their parts of the Territory, and all we know of those vast parts is equipment up there just as you have them in Pennsylvania, or hearsay. The information I got was that there was an out Mississippi, or any other State. They are building splendid st~nding deman.d for roads. They said, "You built for us a roads ; they are roads that are going to stay. It is not only a railroad up here, but unless you build us roads running through great credit to the man at the head of the organization who is out Alaska this railroad expenditure will not be a success. We building the roads, but it is a credit to the United States in must have connecting roads. We can not have a proper de furnishing the money. We have no idea of what is developing velopment of Alaska uhless we have roads." just now in Alaska. Take the town of Ketchikan alone. That This bill is a part of the road-building scheme. The Terri has an assessed value of more than the amount that we orig- tory ?f Alaska has paid for 87 miles of this road, and they will inally paid for Alaska. There is more than $7,000,000 of contribute 20 per cent of the cost of the balance of it. The assessed value in that one town. The climate has been de- only hope they can have to build up a road sy tern is by the scribed. Because of the proximity of the Japan current, the assistance of this Congress; and it seems to me, if we are to climate is wonderful. I saw at Sitka the most wonderful develop that great Territory, we have got to have a road system vegetables in the agricultural station maintained by the extending throughout the Territory. Agricultural Department, and then when I got away up here at Ur. McDUFFIE. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Fairbanks, where the nights, when I was there, were only an Mr. STRONG of Kansas. Yes. hour and a half long, I found another magnificent agricultural 1\Ir. McDUFFIE. But there is nobody living up there to station. They are sending over to Russia and bringing in use whatever development you may have. There are only a grains and things that will mature in 90 days or perhaps a hun- few people, only 61,000 people in the Territory, all told. dred days. They also have the most wonderful vegetables you .Mr. STRONG of Kansas. If you do not build roads there ever saw, potatoes and things of that sort. . The trouble is that will never be many people there. they are raising more produce than probably they can market at Mr. RANKIN. This road, as I understand, does not come home, but without these roads development in Alaska is goinO' within two or three thousand miles of the railroad. Possibly to stop. ~ I may be mistaken. 'Ve are taking out of Alaska over $75,000,000 this year; 1\Ir. STRONG of Kansas. Was the gentleman ever in other $40,000,000 of that in fish. A million dollars a month are com- parts of Alaska than along the railroad and the southern ing in copper from the mines. We have gone through all these portion? years supporting Alaska through appropriations with reference Mr. RANKIN. No. to one thing or another and now when we can begin to see our Mr. S~~ON~ of Kansas. Then, why undertake to describe way through the mist and see what is going to be the final the conditions m the northeastern part? accomplishment, why, gentlemen, this is no time to stop the Mr. RANKIN. Nobody else has been. You can not learn development of Alaska. very much about interior Alaska by skirting the Aleutian Mr. RANKIN. In reference to vegetables, as a matter of Islands. fact all their cucumbers and tomatoes were grown in hothouses Mr. STRONG of Kansas. If you do not have these connect were they not? ' ing roads you might as well take up the railroad and abandon Mr. SHREVE. No; I was out in 5 and 10 acre :fields grow- the attempt to dev:elop Alaska. You can not develop Alaf-; ka ing-- without having a road system. Our committee, after exhaustive Mr. RANKIN. What? bearings, reported this bill out, and we believe that its enact- Mr. SHREVE. All kinds of vegetables. ment will result in helping in the development of that Territory Mr. RA"XKIN. I will tell the gentleman-- on which so much money has already been expended. Mr. SHREVE. Right in Fairbanks. Mr. MORTON D. HULL. How far is that road from the Mr. RANKIN. The gentleman saw potatoes and rhubarb, railroad? but the cucumbers and tomatoes were grown under glass. Mr. STRONG of Kansas. This tramway and wagon road Mr. SHREVE. That might be so; we grow them in Pennsyl- and trail is to be constructed in the Seward Peninsula. You vania under gla s. understand the Territory of Alaska is attempting to build roads Mr. RANKIN. And the cucumbers at Fairbanks cost 50 cents throughout the Territory and those in the northern part will apiece. connect with the railroad. l\Ir. SHREVE. So I say this is no time to speak of stopping 1\Ir. l\IORTON D. HULL. How far is it from the main rail- the development of Alaska, when we are beginning to see what road? we are accomplishing. The manager of the United States 1\lr. STRONG of Kansas. It may be 700 miles. Smelting Co. said that they would never have developea that Mr. SUTHERLAND. It is between 700 and 800 miles. 1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2843 1\Ir. STRONG of Kansas. But it should be understood that Mr. GARNER of Texas. As I understand, the accompanying there are roads connecting with it, and the plan is to connect documents will also be printed? ·the system up with the I"ailroad. · The SPEAKER. All the documents will be printed. Mr. SUTHERLAND. Yes; of course there are. In the AR.TICLE BY SENATOR GEORGE W. NORRIS, OF NEBRASKA hearings before our committee, Colonel Steese, an engineer of Mr. APPLEBY. :Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to standing and with experience and knowledge of Alaska, strongly print in the RECORD the remarks made by Senator NoRRIS, of advocated the building of the tramway road and trail provided Nebraska, on the direct primary. for in the resolution, and these hearings were printed and The SPEAKER. The gentleman from New Jersey asks unan are a\ailable. imous consent to extend his remarks in the RECORD by printing The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the resolution will be the remarks made by Senator NORRIS, of Nebraska, on the direct read for amendment. primary. Is there objection? The Clerk read as follows: There was no objection. Rcsoli:ed, etc., That the following work of improvement is hereby Mr. APPLEBY. 1\Ir. Speaker, under the permission granted adopted and authorized, to be prosecuted under the direction of the me to extend my remarks in the RECORD, I submit the follow Board of Road Commissioners for Alaska, in accordance with the plans ing article by Senator GEORGE W. NoRRIS, of Nebraska: recommended in the report hereinafter designated : THE PRil\'lARY Nome-Shelton-Kugruk River-Keewalik, Alaska, in accordance with the Our Government is founded upon the theory that the people are report submitted in House Document No. 514, Sixty-seventh Congress, sufficiently intelligent to control their own Government. The argu fourth session, and subject to the conditions set forth in said document. ment for the primary is based upon the truth of this assumption. The Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the enact primary il'! simply a method by which the will of the people can be ing clause. ascertained in the selection of those who shall make and administer The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Mississippi moves to the laws under which all of the pr'lple must live. There is nothing strike out the enacting clause. The question is on agreeing to sacred about it. If a better method can be devised, I would not that motion. hesitate to abandon it and throw it aside. Neither will I claim that it The question was taken, and the Chairman announced that is perfect. It has many weaknesses and imperfections. Until we can the noes appeared to have it. find a better system we ought to devote our energies toward its improve· 1\Ir. RANKIN. A division, 1\Ir. Chairman. ment by making whatever amendments experience demonstrates are The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Mississippi calls for necessary, always having in view the fundamental principle that we a division. are trying to devise a plan . by which the people will come as nearly The committee divided; and there were-ayes 11, noes 44. as possible into the control of their own Government. So the motion was rejected. · We must not expect perfection. \"\'e can not hope to devise a plan l\lr. DOWELL. 1\Ir. Chairman, I move that the committee that will make it impossible for mistakes to occur. We can not by do now rise and report the resolution to the House with the law change human nature. Selfish, designing, and even the dishonest recommendation that it be agreed to. men will sometimes be able to deceive a majority of the people, however The motion was agreed to. intelligent and Ca.reful they may be. Every Government, whatever may Accordingly the committee rose; and the Speaker having re be the system of nominating candidates for office, ought to provide by sumed the chair, 1\Ir. LEAVITT, Chairman of the Committee of law for the recall of its officials by the people. If the people should the Whole House on the state of the Union, reported that that make a mistake they will correct it. . If a public servant has been committee, having under consideration the resolution (H. J. faithful and true to his trust, it will not be necessary for him to seek Res. 73) authorizing the improvement of the system of over the approval of party bosses and machine politicians for his own land communications on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska, had vindication. directed him to report the same back with the recommendation The primary is in fact, a part of the system of our election machin that it be passed. ery. It is just as important, and often more important, than tile official election which follows. A people who are qualified to vote l\lr. DOWELL. Mr. Speaker, I move the previous question. The previous question was ordered. for candidates at the general election are likewise qualified to select those candidates at the primary election. It requires no more intelli SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION REFERRED gence to vote at the primary election than it does at the regular Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, Senate Joint Resolution of election. To deny to the citizen the right to select candidates and the following title, was taken from the Speaker's table, and to confine his suffrage rights solely to a decision as between candidates referred as indicated below: after they have been selected, is in reality at least a partial denial S. J. Res.152. To amend subdivisions (b) and (e) of section of the right of suffrage. It very often means that the voter is given the rigb t only to decide between two evils. The right, therefore, to 11 of the immigration act of 1924, as amended; to the Commit select candidates is fundamental in a free government, and when tee on Immigration. ever this right is denied or curtailed, the government is being placed ENROLLED BILL SIGNED beyond the control of the people. It can be safely stated that the great majority of the American 1\lr. CAMPBELL, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, an people are in favor of the primary, and that politicians, men seeking notmced that that committee had examined and found truly a selfish advantage. political machines, and combinations of special emolled House bill of the following title, when the Speaker .interests, who are opposed to it. It has some objectionable features signed the same : but upon examination it is found that practically every one of thes~ H. R. 15011. An act granting the consent of Congress to the applies with equal force to the convention. Many of these objections Paragould-Hopkins Bridge road improvement district of Greene can be entirely eliminated as far · as the primary is concerned, and County, Ark., to construct a bridge across St. Francis River. practically all of them can be partially eliminated. The primary re MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT-COMMISSION ON THE EQillTABLE lieves the party and party machinery of a great deal of its respon USE OF THE WATERS OF THE LOWER RIO GRANDE (H. DOC. NO. 676) sibility and places this responsibility upon the individual voter. The intelligent American citizen assumes this responsibility with a firm The SPEAKER laid before the House the following message determination of performing his full duty by informing himself upon from the President, which was read and, with the accompany all the questions pertaining to Government. It therefore results in ing papers, referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs and a more intellige.nt electorate, and as this intelligence increases, it ordered printed. results in better Government. · To the Congress of the United States: Experience will bl'in,g about improvement as the necessity is shown I recommend to the favorable consideration of the Congress to exist by practice. It will not bring the millenium and it will the inclosed report from the Secretary of State, to the end not cure all of the defects of Government, but it will relieve many that legislation may be enacted to extend the authority of of the admitted evils and act as a great school of education for the the Commission on the Equitable Use of the Waters of the common citizen~ The artificial enthusiasm created by the com·en lower Rio Grande to enable it to deal with the waters of the tion system which makes it easy to deceive the people will give way lower Colorado River in addition to those of the Rio Grande. to the enlightened judgment of reason that will pervade the firesides CALVIN CooLIDGE. and homes of a thinking patriotic people. A citizenship that is suffi· ciently intelligent to vote at a general election will never surl'ensident of the United States mous consent to extend his remarks in tbe RECORD by printing a relative to the St. Lawrence seaway resolution recently adopted by the Legislature of Minnesota Whereas a joint board of engineers representing the United States favoring farm relief. Is there objection? and Canada have cfficially and unanimously declared ship-channel There was no objection. connection between the Great Lakes and the Atlantic by way of the St. Mr. ANDRESEN. Mr. Speaker, under the leave to extend my Lawrence to be practical; and · remarks in the RECORD, I include tbe following concurrent reso· Whereas the St. Lawrence Commission of the United States, ap lution of the Legislature of Minnesota: pointed to determine the need of such a seaway, has unanimously Concurrent Resolution 1 memorializing the Congress of the United States declared in its report to the Pt·esident, made December 27, 192G, that- to enact legislation to restore and maintain equality to agriculture " The construction of the shipway from the Great Lakes to the sea Whereas the protective-tariff system of the United States, estn.blished is imperative, both for the relief and for the future development of a to protect all the industries of our country, has failed to function in vast area in the interior of the continent " ; and that such a way as to protect the producers of certain farm commodities of "It has been estimated that the value in a single year to the which there has been an exportable surplus so that at times our farmers farmers alone would equal the capital cost of the waterway"; and have been required to sell such commodities in a competitive ·world that market while, by reason of such protective tariff system they have been " The economic importance of the improvement would be far greater required to purchase most of their necessities in a stabilized and highly than the savings made upon the actual tonnage transported, important protected domestic market, with the result that there has been a great though that would be"; and and increasing disparity in the prices our farmers receive for what they Whereas the extension of the commerce of the State of l\linnesota, sell with those which they have had to pay for what they buy, creating the development of her resom·ces, her present prosperity, and her a real crisis which has for a long time existed and does still exist, future welfare all demand world trade contacts by way of direct low not only in the Nation's agriculture but in all industries dependent on cost ocean transportation to and from the markets of the world, and agriculture ; and Whereas the St. Lawrence seaway would give to the State of Min Whereas to remove much disparity in prices and to provide and main nesota ocean ports on the Great Lakes; would give direct ocean trans tain equality to agriculture with the other industries of this country portation with wider and lower cost of movement to world markets; u · is absolutely necessary that our farmers receive an American price would increase the demand for her products, and would thereby assure based on an American standard for their product consumed domestically to her agriculture, now depressed, and in particular to her grain, dairy, and a world price only for the exportable surplus consumed abroad : and livestock producers, a marked degree of permanent relief from Therefore be it present excessive transportation costs and a more favorable basic price Resolved by tlle House of Representatives of the State of Minnesota for all farm production, and (the Senate concurring), That the Congress of the United States, at Whereas· such seaway would permanently lower her transportation its present sitting and without further delay, be and the same is charges both on exports and on imports and would thereby stimulate urgently petitioned to enact such legislation as will extend the pro the development of her present mining and manufacturing industries, tective system and the benefits thereunder to the farmers, regardless invite new enterprise, and would generally assure to her citizens an of a surplus of any farm crop, "hereby they will receive an American enlarged and abiding prosperity: Therefore be it pr~ce for what is consumed domestically independent of the world price Resolved by tlw !Hottse of Representatives of the Btate of Minnesota, for the surplus, and that only in such manner can equality to agricul (the Se-nate concurr-ing), That we do most earnestly urge upon the ture be restored and maintained ; President of the United States, the imperative national need of the That to secure this end Rnd to provide the necessary relief and St. Lawrence seaway, and further express to him the earnest desire of thereafter to maintain agricultural prosperity, legislation sponsored this State that immediate steps be taken for the negotiation of a by the mid-west farm organizations providing for the creation of a treaty with Canada to that end; and be it further Federal Farm Board, and an export corporation thereunder, the segre Resolved, That a duly authenticated copy of this resolution be trans gation of the exportable surplus of all farm commodities and the mitted to the President of the United States, the presiding officers of collection of an equalization fee on each commodity affected, is indis the Senate and House of Representatives, the chairman of the St. pensable and should be f'peed11y enacted into law: Be H further Lawrence Commission, to the secretary of the Commerce Commission Resolved, That a d_uly authenticated copy o! this resolution be trans of the United States, and to each of the Senators and Representatives mitted to the President of the United States, the Secretary of from the State of Minnesota in the Congress. Agriculture, the chairmen of the Agricultural Committees of the Senate JOH~ A. JOHNSON, and House of Representatives, and to each member in Congress from Speaker of the House of Rerwesentatives. Minnesota. W. I. NOLA~, JoHN A. Jo!Dl"soN, President of the Senate. Speaker of tlle House of Representatives. Passed the bouse of representatives on the 19th day of January, w~ I. NoLAN, 1927. President of the Sena-te. JOHN I. LEVlN, Passed the house of representatives the 13th day of January, 1927. Ohief Olerk, Hmtse of Representatives. . JOHN I. LEVIN, Passed the senate the 21st day of January, 1927. Oh-ief oze,rk, House of Re-presentatives. GEORGE W. PEACHEY, Passed the senate the 18th day of January, 1927. Secretary of the Se-nate. GEO. W. PEACHEY, Approved January 21, 1927. Sec-retat·y of the Senate. THEODORE CHRISTIANSON, Approved January 20, 1927. Governor. THEODORE CHRISTU.NSO:-i, Governm·. Filed January 24, 1927. Filed January 20, 1927. MIKE HOLM, MIKE HOL~I, Sec-retary of State. Sec-reta1·y of State. I, Mike Holm, secretary of state of the State of Minnesota and I, 1\Iike Ilolm, secretary of state of the State of Minnesota and keeper of the great seal, do hereby certify that the above is a true keeper of the great seal, do hereby certify that the above is a true and and correct copy of house file No. 8 as shown by the records in my correct copy of house file No. 64, as shown by the records in my office. office. [SEAL.] MIKE HoLM, (SEAL.) MIKE HOLM, Sem·etat·y of State. Secretary of State• THE Sl'. LAWRENOE WATERWAY • The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman from :Minnesota desire Mr. KVALE. Mr. Speaker, I ask 1manimous consent-- recognition? 1\Ir. FURLOW. l\Ir. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to Mr. KVALE. I was about to make the same request. extend my remarks in the RrooRD by printing a joint resolution THE HAUGEN BILL passed by the Legislature of l\Iinnesota urging the President to 1\Ir. RAMSEYER. Mr. Speaker, while these resolutions are negotiate with Canada for the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence tide being inseTted in the RECORD, I ask unanimous consent to print water project. a joint resolution adopted by the Legi ·Iature of Iowa urging The SPE.A.KEU. The gentleman from Minnesota asks unani the speedy passage of the Haugen bill. mous con ·ent to extend his remarks in the RECORD by printing The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Iowa asks unanimous a joint re.~olution passed by the Legislature of :Minnesota with coiLSent to extend his remarks in the RECORD by printing a joint regard to the St. Lawrence project. Is there objection? resolution fTOm the Legislature of Iowa with regard to farm There was no objection. relief. Is there objection? 1\lr. FURLOW. Ur. Speaker, under the leave to extend my l\lr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to ob remarks in the RECORD, I include the following joint resolution ject, what effect have these resolutions of State legislatures on of the Legislature of Minnesota : Cong.ress? 1927 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-HOUSE 2845
l\Ir. RAMSEYER. ~othing but a moral effect on the Mem postQr in claiming authorship of the im·ention of our great bers of the House. Federal bank resen·e system. He actually submitted docu 1\Ir. LAGUARDIA. Will the gentleman reciprocate that mentary evidence iu support of his claim that this Federal re same understanding wllen a resolution from the Legislature of ~erve legislation was the dream and accomplishment of a mere the State of New ~ork comes in memorializing Congress? mortal' and not at all the creation of Colonel House. These L>e 1\Ir. RAl\ISEYER. I do not know whether that is a matter fearful days, l\lr. Speaker. Good men and true are believing of reciprocity or not. that the very foundations of the Republic are crumbling. Why Air. LAGUARDIA. In other words, the gentleman thinks not? EYen after the modernists had smeared the pages of llis the same careful consideration should be given a resolution tory with the' slime of their ntuperative attacks upon George adi)pted by the Legislature of the State of New York as he ·washington and Thomas Jefferson-en~n then there remained expects to be given a resolution adopted by his own legis hope that the Hepublic might lire-but now, now that the lature? modernists have assaulted the last citadel of indhi.clual great 1\Ir. RAMSEYER. If the Legislature of the State of New ness, and have reduced to puling littleness the most puissant York should send a resolution here favoring the McNary prince who eYer guided the destinies of men and of nations, one Haugen bill, I shall not object. [Laughter.] and only hope remains for the salyation and perpetuity of the The SPEAKER. I s there objection? Republic. That hope lies through an uprising of the people, and There was no objection. a demand that the President shall by proclamation proclaim a Mr. RAMSEYER. l\Ir. Speaker. under lea>e to extend my re- · day of fasting and supplication, when all the pPople with one marks I submit for printing in the RECORD, senate concurrent accord shall exclaim: "God save the Republic! 1\Iay- all the resolution adopted a few days ago by the General Assembly of gods save Colonel House and destroy all moderniF;ts who seek the State of Io\Ya urging the speedy passage by Congress of the to mortalize that great master of men and nations." Haugen bill. IMPROVEMEXT OF THE SYSTEL: OF OVERLAXD COMMU~ICATIO.:-i ON The matter referred to is as follows: SEWARD PENINSULA, ALASKA. Senate concurrent resolution Tl1e SPEAKER: ')_'he que~tion is on the engrossment and Whereas our political parties in their appeal for support promised third reading of the joint resolution. such legislation as would restore agriculture to the level of other The joint resolution was ordered to be engrossed, read a industries ; and third time, and was read the third time. Whereas these promises have not yet been fulfilled ; and The SPEAKER. The question is on the pas~age of the Whereas the continued low purchasing power of farm products has resolution. made the need of relief more urgent than when the promises were The question was taken; and on a division (demanded by Mr. given : Now therefore be it RANKI:"i) there were-ayes 47, noes 19. Resolved by the senate (the house concttrring), Thnt we petition Mr. RANKIN. l\lr. Speaker, I object to the vote on the and pray Congress to enact, at as early a date as possible, legislation ground there is not a quorum present, and make the point to place agriculture upon an equal footing with other industries by of order there is not a quorum present. the establishment of a Federal farm board with author·ity to direct The SPEAKER. It is very clear there is not a quorum t be handling of surplus agricultural commodities and to charge the present. The Doorkeeper will close the doors, the Sergeant cost thereof to such commodities. all as embodied in the Haugen bill. at Arms will notify absent 1\Iembers, and the Clerk will call .Adopted by the forty-second General Assembly of the State of Iowa. the roll. The question is on the passage of the joint resolution . FRANK SHANE, ~'he question wa:-,; taken ; and there were-yeas 138, nays 117, Preside·nt of the Senate. answered " present " 2, not voting 176, as follows : WALTER H. BlUM, [Roll No. 23] Secretary of the Senate. YEAS-138 L . v. C.ABTER, .Adkins Fish Kuuz Shreve Speaker of the House. Allen Fitzgerald, Roy G. Kvale Simmons Andresen Fitzgerald, W. T. LaGuardia Sinclair .A.. C. GGSTAFSO:-<, .Appleby Fort Lankford Smithwick Chief Clerk of the House. .A.reutz Furlow Lea, Calif. Speaks Bachnrach Gallivan IA>av!tt Spearing PROFESSIONAL MODER...~IS'IS Bachmann Garber Leblbach Sproul, Kans. Bacon Gibson Letts Stobbs Mr. HO"'\VAHD. 1\.Ir. Speaker, I want unanimous consent. I Bailey Glynn Linthicum Strong, Kans. want unanimous consent to put in the RECORD the speecl1 that I Barbour Graham Lnce Strong, Pa. Beck Green, Iowa McFadden Summers, Wash. did not make and I was not permitted to make this morning. Beers Griest · McLeod Swank. [Laugh·: _r.] Brigham Hale ~cSween1>:v ~wing The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Nebraska asks unani Browne Hall. Ind. Magee, N.Y. Taber Burtness Hall, N.Dak. :Magrady Taylor, Co~o. mous consent to extend in the RECORD at this time a speech he Burton Haugen Mapes Thurston was not permitted to make this morning. [Laughter.] Is there Campbell Ha~·den Miller Tilson Carss Hiekey Mooney Updike objection? Chalmers Hill. Md. Moore, Ohio Vaile There was no objection. Chindblom Hill. Wash. _'elson, Wis. Vestal 1\fr. HOWARD. Mr. Speaker, under the gracious privilege Christopherson Boch Newton, l\Iinn. Vincent. Mich. extended by the House, as disclosed by the foregoing excerpt Colton Hooper Patterson Wainwright Connery Hudson Perk"ins ·wason from the CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD of yesterday's proceedings, I Connon:-, Pa. Hull, William E. Pratt Watres shall now endeavor to state, as nearly as I may now recall, at Cooper, Wis. Irwin RamseyeL' Watson least the substance of that speech which I intended to make Coyle Jacobstein Rathbone Weaver Crowther Johnson, Ill. Reed, N.Y. Wefald yesterday morning. Dallingel' Johnson, Ind. Reid, Ill. WhHe. Kans. l\Ir. Speaker, I come now to the performance of an instant Denison Johnson, S.Dak. Robinson. Iowa White, Me. duty-the duty of protesting against the shameful assaults by Dickinson, Iowa Kearn. Robsion, Ky. Winter Dowell Ketcham Rogers Wolverton professional modernists upon the magnificent mortals whose DyPr Kiess Rowbottom Wurzbach grandeurs and whose glories shine with almost sacred effulgence Elliott Kirk Snbath Zihlman Engle bright Knutson Schafer upon the pages of history from the dawn days of our Republic Esterly Kopp Schneider down to the present hours. NAYS-117 This city of ·washington, wherein should live men with Allgood Cole Jo'ree Kinchcioe choicest memories of the lives and deeds of the fathers of the .Almon Collier Fulmer Lanham Republic, appears to be the heart center of that society of Arnold Collin~ Gardner. Ind. Larsen .Ayres Connally, Tex. Garner, ':l.'ex. Little modernists in which he is chiefest who can utter the vilest as Blacl{, X. Y. Corning Gasque Lowrey persions upon the men who made the Republic possible. Black, Tex. Cox Gilbert Lozier While frequently offended by the modernist attacks upon Blanton Cl'isp Green, Fla. McClintic Bloom Cullen Greenwootl McDuffie George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, shocked and pained Boies Davis Hammer McReynolds by hearing or reading the assaults upon those almost sacred Box Deal Hardy MacGregor historical characters, yet I have remained silent, awarding the Brand, Ga. Dickinson, lifo. Harrison Major Brigg;· Dominick Hastings Martin, Mass. calumniators nothing better than my contemptuous thoughts. Browning Dough ton Hill, Ala. 1\lichenei' But now I have reached the limit of my forbearance and must Buchanan Drt>wry Hogg Moore. Ky. Bulwinkle Driver Howard Morehead speak a protest against one modernist who has gone the limit Busby Eaton Huddleston Morrow in audacious effort to pluck the effulgent gem of supergreatness Canfield Edwards Hudspeth Nelson, 1\Io. from the tiara which graces the brow of the immortal Colonel Cannon Ei>liCk Hull, ].lorton D. O'Connell, N.Y. Carew l"isher Jeffers O'Connell, R. I. House. Only last Monday a Member of this House presented Celler .Fletcher .Tenkins O'Connor, La. argument to prove that this great master of men "ITas an im- Cochran Foss John~on, Tex. Oldfield 2846 CONGRESSIONAL REOOR.D-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 Olh·er, Ala. Rouse Tillman Whittington Mr. Magee of Pennsylvania witb :Mr. Barkley. rnrks Hubey '£read way Williams, Tex. 1\Ir. Tolley with Mr. McSwain. Qutn Ruthl'rford Tucker Wilson, La. ML'. McLaughlin of Michigan with Mr. Goldsborough. Ragon Sanulin Unuerwood Wilson, Miss. Mr. Thomp on with Mt·. Chapman. ]{~in~y Shallenberger Up•haw Wright Mr. Stephens with Mr. Sullivan. Rankin Romers. N.Y. Vinson, Ga. Wyant 1\Ir. Andrew with Mr. Lee of Geor:ria. Rayburn Steagall Vin on, Ky. Mt·. Sproul of lllinois with Mr. Tydings. Reed, At·k. Sumners, Tex. Warren Mr. Britten with 1\Ir. Sanders of Texas. Romjue Taylor, W. Va. ""hitebead Mr. IIadley with Mr. Cleary. Mr. Davenport with Mr. Johnson of Kentucky. ANSWERED " rRESE~T "-2 Mr. Hersey with Mr. Frear. Garrett, Tenn. Griffin Mr. Cramton with l\Ir. Berger. NOT VOTING-liG Mr. Fenn with l\Ir. Peavey. .Auernethy F.llis Lineberger Senrs, Fla. 1\Ir. Cooper of Ohio with Mr. Bland . AC'kerman F.rans Lyon "ear , Nebr. Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, I am paired with Aldrich l!'airchild McKeown Seger Andrew Faust alcLaugblin, Mich.Sinnott the gentleman from California. I withdraw my vote of "no" Anthony Fc•nn McLaughlin, Nel.Jr. Smith and answer " present." Aswl'll Frear McMlllan Snell The result of the vote was announced as above recorded. Auf cler Heide Fredericks i\Ic:::lwain Sosnowski Bankhead Freeman Madden Sproul, Ill. On motion of Mr. DowELL a motion to reconsider the Yote Rarkley FrE.>nch 1Hag e, Pa. Stal._., whereby the bill was passed was laid on the table. Bc ~> dy Frothingham Manlove Stedman Mr. WAUHVRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, I would like to announce RPgg Funk Mansfiehl Stephens Rt•ll Gambrill Martin, La. • tevenson that the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. JAMES], the gentleman Berger Garrett, Tex. Mead Strothf>r from Indiana [lli. JoHNso .~], the gentleman from South Caro nwer Gifforll MPnges Rullivan Bland Golder Merritt Hwartz lina [Mr. 1\lcSw..uN], and the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. Bowles Goldsborough Michaelson Sweet FISHER] are in attendance upon an important subcommittee of Bowling Goodwin Milligan Swoope the Committee on Military Affairs under permi sion of ·the Bowman Uorman Mills 'raylor, N.J. Boylan Hadley Montague Taylor, Tenn. House to sit during the sessions of the House. Brand, Ohio Hare Montgomery Temple ADJOuRNMENT :Britten Hawley Moore, Va. Thatcher Brumm ller. ey Morgan Thomas 1\Ir. DOWELL. 1\lr. Speaker, I move that the House do now Burdick Holaday Morin Thompson Butler Houston Murphv Timberlake adjourn. :HYI·ns Hull, Tenn. Nelson: Me. Tincher The motion was agreed to; accordingly (at 5 o'clock nnd 18 Carp{'nter James Newton, l\Io. Tinkham minutes p. m.) the House adjourned until to-morrow, '.rhur day, Carter, Calif. Johnson, Ky. Norton Tolley Carter, Okla. John on, Wash. O'Connor, N. W. Tydings February 3, 1927, at 12 o'clock noon. Chapman Jones Oliver, N.Y. Underhill Clague Kahn Parker Vare Cleary Keller reavey Voigt CO~UIITTEE HEARINGS CoopN, Ohi'l K~lly Peery Walters Cramton KeJDp Perlman Weller Mr. TILSON submitted the following tentative Ust of com Crosser Kendall Phillips Welch, Calif. mittee hearings scheduled for Thursday, February 3, 1927, as Crumpacker Kerr Porter Welsh, Pa. Curry Kiefner Pou 'Vheeler reported to the floor leader by clerks of the several committees : Darrow J(indred Prall Williams, IlL Davenport King Purnell Williamson COEUHTTEE ON APPRROPRIATIONS Davey Kurtz Quayle Wingo ( 10.30 a. m.) DPmpsey Lampert Uansley Wood Dickstein Lazaro Reece Woodruff Second deficiency bill. Douglass Leatherwood Snnders, N.Y. Woodrum Doyle L~?e, Ga. Sanders, Tex. Woodyard COMMITTEE ON THE CIVIL SERVICE Drane Lindsay Scott Yates (10.30 a. m.) So the joint resolution was passed. To increase the compensation and regulat~ leave of ab ence The following pairs were announced : of storekeepers, gaugers, and storekeeper-gaugers, and for other On this vote: purposes (H. R. 16743). ~fr. Curry (tor) with 1\lr. Garrett of Tennessee (against). Mr. llutler (for) with Mr. Bell (against). COMMITTEE ON FOREIG~ AFFAIRS Until further notice: (10.30 a. m.) Mr. Madden with Mr. Abernethy. Amending the act of May 13, 1!}24, entitled "An act provid· Mr. Sinnott with Mr. Hull of Tennes ee. l\Ir. Michaelson with Mt·. McKeown. ing a study regarding the equitable use of the waters of thP Mr. Nelson of Uaine with Mr. Carter of Oklahoma. Rio Grande," etc. (H. J. Res. 345). Mr. Porter with Mr. Dickstein. Mr. Reece with J\Ir. Mead. COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS :\1r. Underhill with Mr. Ste>enson. (10.30 a. m.) Mr. Tinkham with Mr. Quayle. l\lr. Aldr·ich with Mr. Woodrum. To authorize the Secr·etary of the Interior to expend certain Mr. Faust with ~Ir. Thomas. Indian tribal funds for industrial purposes (H. R. 16840). Mr. Beedy with Mr. Lindsay. Mr. Frothingham with Mr. Boylan. COMMI'l"l'EE ON INSULAR AFFAIRS Mr. Begg with Mr. Doug-las. Mr. French with Mr. Milligan. (10.30 a. m.) 1\Ir. Johnson of Washington with Mr. Oliver of New York. To clarify and amend existing laws relating to the powers Mrs. Kabn with 1\Ir. Gambrill. Mr·. Yates with Mr. Hare. and duties of the auditor for the Philippine Islands, and for l\Ir. Wood with l\lr. Pou. other purposes (H. R. 16868). :\Ir. Parker with Mr. Martin of Loui iana. Mr. Morin wtih Mr. Evans. COMMITTEE ON MINES AND MINING · l\Ir. Sweet with 1\Ir. Crosser. (11 a. m.) Mr. Williams of Illinois with Mr. A wpll. Mr. Newton of Missouri with Mr. Bankhead. Authorizing inve tigation by the United States Geological Mr. Williamson with l\Ir. Weller. Survey to determine location and extent of pota h deposits in Mr. Thatcher with l\Ir. Sears of F1orida. R. Mr. Manlove with 1\Ir. Auf der IIeide. the United States (H. 3863). l\11'. Temple with Mr. Lazaro. COMMITTEE ON NAVAL AFFAIRS l\11'. Stalker with Mr. Kindred. Mr. IcLaughlln of Nebraska with Mr. Da>ey. (10.30 a. m.) Mr. Smith with Mr. Mc:\Iillan. Mr. Leatherwood with Mr. Bowling. To authorize the Seeretary of the Navy to modify agree Mr. Merritt with 1\Ir. Kerr. ments heretofore made for the settlement of certain claims in Mr. Purnell with Mr. Jones. favor of the United States (H. R. 15131}. Mr. Welch of Pennsylvania with Mr. Doyle. M1·. Brand of Ohio with Mr. Garrett of Texas. COMMITTEE ON THE POST OFFICE AND POST ROADS Mr. Timberlake with Mr. Prall. a. m.) Mr. Antbony with Mr. Stedman. (10.30 Mr. Hawley with :Mr. Wingo. To declare the future policy of the Post Office establishment Mr. Ackerman with Mr. Drane. R. 1\Ir. Carter of California with Mr. reery. of the United States (H. 13474). Mr. Kelly with Mr. Montague. COMMITTEE ON PATE. TS Mr. Crumpacker with Mr. Moore of Virginia. Mr. King with Mr. Mansfield. (10.30 a. m.) Mr. Demp ey with Mr. Lyon. Mr. Tl\ylor of '£ennessee with Mr. Byrns. To amend sections 57 and 61 of the act entitled "An act to lf.r. Darrow with Mr. Kemp. amend and consolidate the acts resp~ting copyright," approved Mr. Snell with Mr. O'Connor of New York. March 4, 1900 (H. R. 16548). 1927 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR.D-HOUSE 2847
EXECUTIYE COMl\:IU~ICATIONS, ETC. foroo to the Metropolitan police force of the District of Colum Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, executive communications bia, to confer additional functions upon the Metropolitan police, were taken from the Speaker's t able and referred as follows : and to repeal the provision of law requiring street-railway com 926. A communication from the President of the United panies to pay the salaries of certain policemen, and for other States, transmitting supplemental estimate of appropriation for purposes; with amendment (Rept. No. 1944). Referred to the the Children's Bureau, Department of Labor, for the fiscal year Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. ending June 30, 1928, in amount of $1,090,976 (H. Doc. No. 677); Mr. BACHARACH: Committee on Ways and l\Ieans. H. R. to the Committee on Appropriations and ordered to be printed. 16775. A bill to limit the application of the 1nternal-revenue 927. A communication from the President of the United tax upon passage tickets; without amendment (Rept. No. 1945). States, transmitting deficiency estimates of appropriation for Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Post Office Department for the fiscal year ended June 30, the Union. 1924, $310.63, and for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1925, Mr. WINTER: Committee on the Public Lands. H. J. Res. $200.06; in all, $510.69 (H. Doc. No. 678) ; to the Committee on 282. A joint resolution authorizing acceptance of title to cer Appropriations and ordered to be printed. tain lands in Teton County, Wyo., adjacent to the winter elk 928. A communication from the President of the United refuge in said State established in accordance with the act of States, transmitting a deficiency estimate of appropriation for August 10, 1912 (37 Stat., p. 293) ; with amendment (Rept. No. the Department of State for the fiscal year 1926 amounting to 1946). Referred to the.Committee of the Whole House on the $713.16, and supplemental estimates of appropriations for the ~tate of the Union. fiscal year 1927 and 1928 amounting to $196,815.99 ; also two drafts of proposed legislation affecting existing appropriations REPORTS OF CO)Il\IITTEES ON PRIVATE BILLS AND (H. Doc. No. 679) ; to the Committee on Appropriations and RESOLUTIONS ordered to be printed. 929. A communication from the President of the United Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, States, transmitting supplemental estimates of appropriations M:r. DREWRY: Committee on Naval Affairs. II. n. 4141. for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1927, for the War Depart A bill to authorize certain officers of the United States Marine ment, amounting in all to $5,917,975; also drafts of proposed Corps to accept from the Republic of Haiti "The medal for legislation affecting existing appropriations of the ·war Depart distinguished service"; without amendment (Rept. No. 1925). ment (H. Doc. 680); to the Committee on Appropriations and Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. ordered to be printed. Mr. SANDERS of Texas: Committee on Naval Affairs. H. R. 12577. A bill for the relief of Farrah Dane Richardson ; REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND without amendment (Rept. No. 1926). Referred to the Com- RESOLUTIONS mittee of the Whole House. Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, Mr. COYLE: Committee on Naval Affairs. H. R. 12813. A l\Ir. RAYBURN: Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com- bill for the relief of the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation merce. H. R. 16770. A bill granting the consent of Congress (Ltd.) ; without amendment (Rept. No. 1927). Referred to to the Starr County Bridge Co., its successors and assigns, to the Committee of the Wllole House. co.nstruct, maintain, and operate a bridge across the Rio Grande _ .Mr. ~OYLE: Co~ittee on ~aval Affairs.. ~· R. 14718. A Rtver; with amendment (Rept. No. 1918). Referred to the bill for the promotiOn an~ retirement of ,:Wtlltam H. s.antel House Calendar. mann, leader of the Umted States l\larme Band; ~1thout Mr. PHILLIPS: Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com- amendment (Rept. No. 1928). Referred to the Committee of merce. H. R. 16773. A bill to amend 'an act entitled "An act j the Whole House. authorizing the construction of a bridge across the Ohio River M;. ANDREW:: Committee on Naval Affairs. H: R. 14926. between the municipalities of Rochester and Monaca, Heaver A bill to authorize Commander Robert E. Tod, Umted States County, Pa."; t\ith amendment (Rept. No. 1919). Referred to Naval Reserve, to accept from the French Government the the House Calendar brevet and insignia of " Commandeur de la Legion d'Honneur " ; l\Ir. MILLIGAN: ·committee on Interstate and Foreign Com- without amendment (Rept. No. 1929). Referred to the Com merce. H. R. 16778. A bill to extend the time for the con- mittee of the "Whole House. struction of a bridge across the Mississippi RiHr at Alton, Ill., 1\Ir. VINSON of Georgia: Committee on Naval Affairs. H. R. and across the 1\Iissouri River near Bellefontaine in Missouri· l5482. A bill granting permission to Capt. Thomas L. Johnson, with amendment (Rept. No. 1920). Referred to the Hous~ United States Navy, to accept a brevet and medal of the French Calendar. Legion of Honor, tendered by the President of the French Re- 1\lr. COLTON: Committee on the Public Lands. H. R. 16017. public; without amendment (Rept. No. 1930). Referred to the A bill granting public lands to the city of Golden Colo. to Committee of the Whole House. secure a supply of water for municipal and domestic' purpo~es · Mr. 1\IAGEE of Pennsylvania: Committee on Naval Affairs. without amendment (Rept. No. 1922). Referred . to the Com~ H. R. 15916. A bill to. authorize Rear Admiral Albert P. mittee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. Niblack, United States Navy, retired, to accept certain decora- 1\lr. ANDREW: Committee on Naval Affairs. H. R. 16432. tions from the Principality of Monaco and from the Kingdom of A blll to authorize the Secretary of the Navy to dispose of cer- Denmark; without amendment (Rept. No. 1931). Referred to tain parts of the frigate Constitution to be used as souvenirs · the Committee of the Whole House. without amendment (Rept. No. 1923). Referred to the Com~ 1\lr. COYLE: Committee on Naval Affairs. H. R. 15928. A mittee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. bill to authorize certain officers of the United States Navy to M.I·. VINSON of Georgia: Committee on Naval Affairs. H. R. accept from the Republic of Peru decoration and diploma of the 13483. A bill authorizing the Secretary of the Navy, in his Order of the Stm and from the Republic of Ecuador decoration discretion, to deliver to the custody of the Louisiana State and diploma of the E stralla Abdon Calderon; without amend Museum, of the city of New Orleans, La., the silYer bell in use ment (Rept. No. 1932). Referred to the Committee of the on the battleship N e-w Orleans~· with amendment (Rept. No. Whole House. 1924). Referred to the House Calendar. 1\Ir. ANDREW: Committee on Naval Affairs. H. R. 15981. 1\Ir. GIBSON: Committee on the District of Columbia. H. R. A bill to authorize certain officers of the United States Navy 11804. A bill authorizing the extension of the park system of and l\farine Corps to accept-certain decorations conferred upon the Dishict of Columb~a; without a~endment (Rept. No. 1941). them by the Government of Greece; without amendment (Rept. Referr~d to the Committee of the "?hole House on ~estate of No. 1933). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. the Umon. 1\Ir. UPDIKE: Committee on Naval Affairs. H. R. 16067. A l\Ir. WINTER: Committee on the Public Lands. H. R. 16218. bill to authorize certain officers of the United States Navy and A bill to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to exchange for civilian employees of the Navy Department to accept certain lands in private ownership in Gunnison County, Colo., certain medals tendered them by the Republic of China and to author P!lblic lands in Delta County, Colo ..; without amendment (Rept. ize Capt. Walter S. Crosley, United States N;_vy, to accept a No. 1942). Referr~d to the Committee of the ·whole House on medal of honor and merit and a diploma tendered him by the the state of the Umon. Republic of Haiti; without amendment (Rept. No. 1934). Re- Mr. ELLIOTT : Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. ferred to the Committee of the Whole House. H. R. 16281. A bill to grant to the city of Fort Wayne, Ind., Mr. COYLE: Committee on Naval Affairs. s. 1641. An act an easement over certain Government property; with amend- for the relief of Mary H. Dougherty; without amenclment (Rept. meut (Rept. No. 1943). Referred. to the Committee of the I No. 1935). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. Whole House on the state of the Umon. r 1\fr. VINSON of Georgia: Committee on Naval Affairs. S. Mr. BL~NTON; Committee on the . District of Columbia. J 3464. A bill authorizing certain officers of the United States H. R. 1639,. A bill to transfer the Umted States park police Navy to accept from the Republic of Chile the order of Al 2848 CONG-R.ESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE FEBRUARY 2 :Uerito; without amendment (Rept. No. 1936). Referred to the repeal the Federal estate tax provisions of the re\enue law Committee of the Whole House. effective February 26, 1926, and leaving such source of revenue Mr. UPDIKE: Committee on Naval Affairs. H. R. 12191. A to the State; to the Committee on Ways a.nd Means. bill to reimburse Joseph Rosen, formerly of the United States Navy, for losses sustained while carrying out his duUe~; with PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS amendment (Rept. No. 1937). Referred to the 001mmttee of the Whole House. Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills and resolutions :Mr. VINSON of Georgia: Committee on Naval Affairs. H. R. were introduced and severally referred as follows: 12604. A bill for the relief of James H. McCormick; without By Mr. CORJ\"'ING: A bill (H. R. 16892) granting an increase amendment (Rept. No. 1938). Referred to the Committee of of pension to Hannah S. Smith; to the Committee on Invalid the Whole House. Pensions. Mr. PORTER: Committee on Foreign Affairs. H. R. 16103. By Mr. DE:\TISON: A bill (H. R. 16893) granting an increase A bill authorizing the acceptance, from the Republic of Chile, of pension to Catherine J. Yates; to the Committee on Invalid of the order of Al 1\Ierito, conferred on certain officers of the Pensions. United States Navy; with amendment (Rept. No. 1939). Re By Mr. JA~fES: A bill (H. R. 16894) granting an increaRe of ferred to the Committee of the Whole House. pension to Elizabeth Newfisher; to the Committee on Pensions. Mr. MILLER: Committee on Naval Affairs. H. R. 16192. By Mr. JOHNSON of Indiana: A bill (H. R. 1689u) granting A bill to amend the naval record of Frank H. Wilson, alias a pension to Allie C. Allen; to the Committee on Innllid Henry Wencel; without amendment (Rept. No. 1040). Re- · Pensions. ferred to ther Committee of the Whole House. By Mr. LEA of California: A bill (II. R. 16896) grauting a pension to John H. Purcell; to the Committ{'e on Pen~iou .. ADYERSE REPORTS By Mr. LOWREY: A bill (H. R. 16897) for the relief of William G. Beaty, deceaseNew York City January Carolina Representatives in Congress to vote against House bill 24, 1927, protesting against House bill 6238, passed in Senate 6238, proposing to amend the immigration law, etc.; to the December 14, ·1926; to the Committee on Immigration and Committee on Immigration. Naturalization. ~ 5937. By Mr. GALLIVAN: Petition of Cantonment No. 9• 5959. By Mr. PEAVEY: Petition by Stenogi·aphers, Typists, National Indian War Veterans, Frederick A. Emery, com- mander, 5 Inwood Street, Dorchester, Mass., recommending Bookkeepers, and Assistants' Union 16456, Milwaukee, protest- eai·ly and f~vorable consideration of House bill 12532, known as ing against armed intervention of the United States in Nica- the Leatherwood .bill; to the Committee on Pensions. ragua and Mexico; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. . 5960. Also, petition of Henry E. Johnson and others, of 5938. By l\Ir. GARBER: Petition of board of directors of the Frederic, Wis., and W. H. Shawnee and others, of Lac du Flam Kiwanis Club of the city of Woodward, Okla., indorsing House bill 8956, a bill to provide for horticultural experiment and beau, Wis., urging legislation liberalizing the pension laws for demonstration work in the southern Great Plains area; to the Civil War veterans and widows of veterans; to the Committee Committee on Agricultm·e. on Invalid Pensions. 5939. Also, letter from E. l\1. Townsend, of Norfolk, va.. in 5961. By Mr. ROBINSON of Iowa: Petition for the enactment supp01·t of House bill 10125, especially sections Nos. 5 and 6; of Civil War pension legislation sent in by citizens of Cedar to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Falls, Black Hawk County, Iowa; to the Committee on Invalicl 5940. Also, petition urging enactment of legislation for relief Pensions. of Civil War veterans and widows of veterans from the citizens 5962. Also, petition for the enactment of Civil w·ar pension of Buffalo and Selman, Harper County, Okla. ; to the Commit- legislation sent in by citizens of Dubuque, Dubuque County, tee on Invalid Pensions. Iowa ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 59·!1. By Mr. JOHNSON of Indiana: Petition of citizens of 5963. By l\lr. ROl\IJUE: Memorial of Ralph B. Turner and Terre Haute, Ind., for the passage of a bill to increase Civil others of Macon County, Mo., opposing enactment of House 'Var pensions; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. bill 10311, or any similar measure; to the Committee on the 5942. By 1\fr. KIEFNER: Petition from adult citizens of District of Columbia. Iron County, 1\lo., against the pa sage of legislation regulating 5964. By l\lr. SI.l\11\IONS: Petition of citizens of Cozad, Sunday observance; to the Committee on the District of Scotia, Kearney, and Sidney, Nebr., urging the passage of Columbia. . legislation granting increased pensions to veterans of the Civil · 5943 . .Also, petition of citizens of Farmington, Mo., w·ging War and widows of veterans; to the Committee on Invalid the passage of legislation to aid Civil War veterans and wid- Pensions. ows of veterans; to .the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 5965. By Mr. SINCLAIR: Petition of citizens of North and 5944.· Also, petition of citizens of Ellington, Mo., urging the I South Dakota, urging legislation for the relief of Civil War passag:e of legislation to aid the veterans of the Civil War and veterans and widows of veterans; to the Committee on Invalicl widows of veterans; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. . Pensions. LXYIII--180 2850 OONGRESSION AL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 3 5966. Also, petition of citizens of Beech, N. Dale, urging Fletcher Johnson Neely Smith Frazier JonPs, N.Mex. Norbeck Smoot action on the Civil War pension bill; to the Committee on Gf'Orge JoneR, Wash. Norris Steck Invalid Pensions. Gerry Kendrick Nye Stephens Gillett Keyes Oddie Stewart 5967. Also, petition of Mrs. 1\Iary E. Dowd and three others Glass King Overman Trammell of McGregor, N. D~tk., urging early and favorable action on Goff La l•'ollette Pepper Tyson the Civil ·war pension bill; to the Committee on Invalid Gooding Lenroot Phipps Wadsworth Gould :McKPllar Pine Walsh, Mass. Pensions. Gr·eene McLean Pittman Walsh, Mont. G968. By 1\Ir. S:\HTH: Resolution adopted by the Pocatello Hale Mc:Master Reed, Pa. ·warren Khm No. 2, Knights of the Ku-Klux Klan, Realm of Idaho, HarriR .l\IcNnry Robinson, Ark. Watson Harrison Mayfield Robinson, Ind. Wheeler protesting agailt.st any liberalizing of the immigration laws; Hawes Means Sackett Willis to the Committee on Immig•·ation and Naturalization. llcfiin :Metcalf Schall 5969. Also, petition signed by 63 citizens of Cambridge, Idaho, Howell ~roses Sheppard protesting against the enactment of legislation providing for The VICE PRESIDENT. Eighty-two Senators having an- compulsory Sunday obseryance; to the Committee on the swered to their names, a quorum is present. District of Columbia. CLAIMS OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK 5!.)70. Also, resolution adopted by the Pocatello Klan No. 2, The YICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communi Knights of the Ku-Klux Klan, Realm of Idaho, urging that no cation from the Comptroller General of the United States, re steps be taken which might involve this country in a war with porting, pursuant to Senate Resolution 227 (ag1·eed to February Mexico ; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 26, 1925) on the examination of the claim of the city of New 5971. By Mr. SWI~G: Petition of certain re~:idents of San York for expenses incurred by said city in aiding to suppress Diego, Calif.. urging the passage by Congress of a bill provid the insurrection agaiust the United States during the years in~· increased pensions for Civil 'Var veterans and the widows 1861 to 1865, wllich, with the accompanying papers, was re of Ci"til War veterans; to the Committee on Invalid Pen ferred to the Committee on Claims. sions. 5972. Also, petition of certain residents of Escondido, Calif., DISPOSITION OF USELESS PAPERS protesting against the passage of House bill 10311 or any other The YICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communi bill providing for the compulsory observance of Sunday ; to the cation from the Secretary of the Navy. transmitting, pursuant • Committee on the District of Columbia. to law, file: of useless papers of the Bureau of Engineering, 5973. Al>Jo, petition of certain residents of Beaumont, Calif., no longer needed in the transaction of public business and urging the passage by Congress of a bill granting increased having no permanent value or historic interest, and asking for pen:,;ious to Civil War veterans and the widows of Civil War action looking to their di:;;position, which, with the accom veterans ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. panying papers, was referred to a Joint Select Committee on 597 4:. Also, petition of certain residents of San Bernardino, the Disposition of Useless Papers in the Executive Departments. Calif.. urging the passage by Congress of a bill granting in The YICE PRESIDENT appointed Mr. HALE and 1\Ir. SWAN creased pensions to Civil War veterans and the widows of SON members of the committee O.Q. the part of the Senate. Civil ·war veterans; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 5975. By Mr. TOLLEY: Petition of 25 citizens of Andes, EQUI'fABLE USE OF W ATEBS OF THE LOWER BIO GRANDE Delaware County, N. Y., for a liberalization of the Civil 'Var :Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. President, I ask that the Committee pension laws; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. on Irrigation and Reclamation be discharged from the further 5976. By Mr. VOIGT: Petition of Mrs. Olive B. Brownell and consideration of the message of the President received on yes 76 other residents of Palmyra, 'Yis., and vicinity, urging in terday relating to the equitable use of the waters of the lower creased pensions for veterans of the Civil War and widows of Rio Grande, and that the message be referred to the Committee veterans ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. on Foreign Relations. The Committee on Foreign Relations 5977. Also, petition of Frank Tirrill and 120 other residents bas been dealing with the question which is dealt with in the of Lodi, Wis., and vicinity. urging increased pensions for vet message. erans of the Civil War and widows of veterans; to the Com The YICE PRESIDEN'T. 'Vitbout objection, the Committee mittee on Invalid Pensions. on Irrigation and Reclamation will be discharged from the 5978. By Mr. 'WYANT: Petition of the Pine Rtm Presby further consideration of the message, and it will be referred to terian congregation, of Apollo, ·westmoreland County, Pa., the Committee on Foreign Relations. urging the passage of the Lankford Sunday rest bill (H. R. 10311) : to the Committee on the District of Columbia. PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS 5979. By Mr. ZIHLMAN: Petition of citizens of Thurmont, The VICE PRESIDEN'l' laid before the Senate the follow-' Md.. urging immediate action and suppcrt of the Civil War ing concurrent resolution of the Legislature of North Dakota, pension bill now pending, to proYide relief for needy veterans which was referred to the Committee on Commerce: and "'ido-ws of veterans ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. STATE OF NORTH DAKOTA, DElPARTMENT OF STATii1. To an to tclwm these presents shall come: SENATE I, Robert Byrne, secretary of state of the State of North Dakota, THUTISDA.Y, February 3, 19£7 do hereby certify that the following concurrent resolution was adopted by the twentieth legislative assembly on the 13th day of January, 1927. The Chaplain, Rev. J. J. Muir, D. D., offered the following [SEAL.] ROBERT BYRNE, prayer: Secretary of State. Our heavenly Father, Thou art all the while thinking of Concunent resolution intt·oduced by Senator Kretschl\}ar our highest interests. As we draw near to the throne of grace this morning we want to rea1ize more and more our depend Be it 1·esolr·ed by the Senate of the State of Xorth Dakota (the House of RetJresentati~:es concun'ing therein)- ence upon Thee, and llie necessity of looking at things from Whereas the great and natural resources of the State of North the largest and holiest purposes, and moved by the earnest Dakota are as yet undeveloped, and said State is dependent upon agri desire that in all things we may honor Thee. The Lord bles us; ble · our Nation and all in authority. We humbly culture for its prosperity, and agriculture being the fundamental basis for prosperity in all Nortbwe. t States; and ask in J e:sus' name. Amen. Whereas in a large measure, if not entirely, the price of agricultural The Chief Clerk proeeeded to read the Jom·nal of the pro products is dependent upon foreign markets; and ceedings of the legislative day of Tuesday last when, on request Whereas the present rates fot' transportation of such products are of l\lr. CURTIS and by unanimous consent, the further reading too high to be in just proportion to the price received therefor at termi was dispensed with and the Journal was approved. nal markets, and thus bas a tendency to curtail the production of the CAI.L OF THE BOLL staple articles of agricultm·e needed by all people in all lands; and Mr. CURTIS. Mr. President, I suggest the absE.>nce of a V\'hereas the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence waterway project, if com pleted and perfected, will furnish to the people of the State of North quorum. Tlle VICE PRESIDENT. The clerk will call the roll. Dakota a cheaper method of transportation of their products to foreign The legislative clerk called the roll, and the followil1g Sena markets, thus assuring them a higher J:evenne for the same; and Whereas the adoption and completion of such project has been re tors ans,vered to their names: quested by the farmers and industries of the middle and northwest for Ashurst Bratton Caraway Dill Bayard Broussard Couzens Edge many years last past from the Congress of the United States; and Bingham Bruce Curtis Edward:i Whereas the carriers by rail in this Nation are now demanding in ntease Cameron Dale Ernst creased rates for the transportation of grain and grain products, mak- Borah Capper Deneen l!'erri.s