49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–14 Edition) § 173.59

§ 173.59 49 CFR Ch. I (10–1–14 Edition)

(4) Division 1.4 if there is a small haz- order to determine if a substance is an ard with no mass explosion and no pro- EIDS, it must be subjected to the tests jection of fragments of appreciable size in paragraphs (c)(2)(i) through (c)(2)(x) or range; of this section, which are described in (5) Division 1.4 Compatibility Group the Explosive Test Manual. The sub- S (1.4S) if the hazardous effects are stance must be tested in the form (i.e., confined within the package or the composition, granulation, density, etc.) blast and projection effects do not sig- in which it is to be used in the article. nificantly hinder emergency response A substance is not an EIDS if it fails efforts. The UN Test Type 6(d) is used any of the following tests: to determine whether a Division 1.4S (i) The Drop Weight Impact Sensi- classification is appropriate for an tivity Test; item assigned a proper shipping name (ii) The Friction Sensitivity Test; to which special provision 347 (see (iii) The Thermal Sensitivity Test at § 172.102 of this subchapter) applies; or 75 °C (167 °F); (6) Not in the explosive class if the (iv) The Small Scale Burning Test; substance or article does not have sig- (v) The EIDS Cap Test; nificant explosive hazard or if the ef- (vi) The EIDS Gap Test; fects of explosion are completely con- (vii) The Susan Test; fined within the article. (viii) The EIDS Bullet Impact Test; (b) Division 1.5 explosive. Except for (ix) The EIDS External Fire Test; ANFO, a substance that has been ex- and amined in accordance with the provi- (x) The EIDS Slow Cook-off Test. sions § 173.57(a) of this subchapter, (d) The Associate Administrator may must be subjected to the following ad- waive or modify certain test(s) identi- ditional tests: Cap Sensitivity Test, fied in §§ 173.57 and 173.58 of this sub- Princess Incendiary Spark Test, DDT chapter, or require additional testing, Test, and External Fire Test, each as if appropriate. In addition, the Asso- described in the Explosive Test Man- ciate Administrator may limit the ual. A material may not be classed as quantity of explosive in a device. a Division 1.5 explosive if any of the (e) Each explosive is assigned a com- following occurs: patibility group letter by the Associate (1) Detonation occurs in the Cap Sen- Administrator based on the criteria sitivity Test (Test Method 5(a)); prescribed in § 173.52(b) of this sub- (2) Detonation occurs in the DDT chapter. Test (Test Method 5(b)(ii)); [Amdt. 173–224, 55 FR 52617 Dec. 21, 1990, as (3) An explosion, evidenced by a loud amended at 56 FR 66267, Dec. 20, 1991; 63 FR noise and projection of fragments, oc- 52849, Oct. 1, 1998; 66 FR 45379, Aug. 28, 2001; curs in the External Fire Test (Test 68 FR 75743, Dec. 31, 2003; 76 FR 3371, Jan. 19, Method 5(c), or 2011; 76 FR 56315, Sept. 13, 2011] (4) Ignition or explosion occurs in the Princess Incendiary Spark Test (Test § 173.59 Description of terms for explo- Method 5(d)). sives. (c) Division 1.6 explosive. (1) In order For the purpose of this subchapter, a to be classed as a 1.6 explosive, an arti- description of the following terms is cle must pass all of the following tests, provided for information only. They as prescribed in the Explosive Test must not be used for purposes of classi- Manual: fication or to replace proper shipping (i) The 1.6 Article External Fire Test; names prescribed in § 172.101 of this (ii) The 1.6 Article Slow Cook-off subchapter. Test; Ammonium-nitrate—fuel oil mixture (iii) The 1.6 Article Propagation Test; (ANFO). A blasting explosive con- and taining no essential ingredients other (iv) The 1.6 Article Bullet Impact than prilled ammonium nitrate and Test. fuel oil. (2) A substance intended for use as Ammunition. Generic term related the explosive load in an article of Divi- mainly to articles of military applica- sion 1.6 must be an extremely insensi- tion consisting of all types of bombs, tive detonating substance (EIDS). In grenades, rockets, mines, projectiles

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and other similar devices or contri- white phosphorus with burster, expel- vances. ling charge or propelling charge. Ammunition, illuminating, with or with- Ammunition, tear-producing with burst- out burster, expelling charge or propelling er, expelling charge or propelling charge. charge. Ammunition designed to Ammunition containing tear-producing produce a single source of intense light substance. It may also contain one or for lighting up an area. The term in- more of the following: a pyrotechnic cludes illuminating cartridges, gre- substance, a propelling charge with nades and projectiles, and illuminating primer and igniter charge, or a fuze and target identification bombs. The with burster or expelling charge. term excludes the following articles Ammunition, toxic. Ammunition con- which are listed separately: cartridges, signal; signal devices; hand signals; dis- taining toxic agent. It may also con- tress flares, aerial and flares, surface. tain one or more of the following: a py- Ammunition, incendiary. Ammunition rotechnic substance, a propelling containing an incendiary substance charge with primer and igniter charge, which may be a solid, liquid or gel in- or a fuze with burster or expelling cluding white phosphorus. Except when charge. the composition is an explosive per se, Articles, explosive, extremely insensitive it also contains one or more of the fol- (Articles, EEI). Articles that contain lowing: a propelling charge with primer only extremely insensitive substances and igniter charge, or a fuze with and which demonstrate a negligible burster or expelling charge. The term probability of accidental initiation or includes: Ammunition, incendiary, liquid propagation under normal conditions or gel, with burster, expelling charge of transport and which have passed or propelling charge; Ammunition, in- Test Series 7. cendiary with or without burster, expel- Articles, pyrophoric. Articles which ling charge or propelling charge; and contain a pyrophoric substance (capa- Ammunition, incendiary, white phos- ble of spontaneous ignition when ex- phorus, with burster, expelling charge posed to air) and an explosive sub- or propelling charge. stance or component. The term ex- Ammunition, practice. Ammunition cludes articles containing white phos- without a main bursting charge, con- phorus. taining a burster or expelling charge. Normally it also contains a fuze and Articles, pyrotechnic for technical pur- propelling charge. The term excludes poses. Articles which contain pyro- the following article which is listed technic substances and are used for separately: Grenades, practice. technical purposes, such as heat gen- Ammunition, proof. Ammunition con- eration, gas generation, theatrical ef- taining pyrotechnic substance, used to fects, etc. The term excludes the fol- test the performance or strength of lowing articles which are listed sepa- new ammunition, weapon component rately: all ammunition; cartridges, sig- or assemblies. nal; cutters, cable, explosive; fireworks; Ammunition, smoke. Ammunition con- flares, aerial; flares, surface; release de- taining a smoke-producing substance vices, explosives; rivets, explosive; signal such as chlorosulphonic acid mixture devices, hand; signals, distress; signals, (CSAM), titanium tetrachloride (FM), railway track, explosive; and signals, white phosphorus, or smoke-producing smoke. substance whose composition is based Auxiliary explosive component, isolated. on hexachlorothannol (HC) or red phos- A small device that explosively per- phorus. Except when the substance is forms an operation related to the arti- an explosive per se, the ammunition cle’s functioning, other than its main also contains one or more of the fol- explosive loads’ performance. Func- lowing: a propelling charge with primer tioning of the component does not and igniter charge, or a fuze with burster or expelling charge. The term cause any reaction of the main explo- includes: Ammunition, smoke, with or sive loads contained within the article. without burster, expelling charge or Black powder (gunpowder). Substance propelling charge; Ammunition, smoke, consisting of an intimate mixture of

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charcoal or other carbon and either po- tions. They consist of a casing with a tassium or sodium nitrate, and sul- charge of deflagrating explosive and a phur. It may be meal, granular, com- means of ignition. The gaseous prod- pressed, or pelletized. ucts of the deflagration produce infla- Bombs. Explosive articles which are tion, linear or rotary motion; activate dropped from aircraft. They may con- diaphragms, valves or switches, or tain a flammable liquid with bursting project fastening devices or extin- charge, a photo-flash composition or guishing agents. bursting charge. The term excludes tor- Cartridges, signal. Articles designed to pedoes (aerial) and includes bombs, fire colored flares or other signals from photo-flash; bombs with bursting charge; signal pistols or devices. bombs with flammable liquids, with Cartridges, small arms. Ammunition bursting charge. consisting of a cartridge case fitted Boosters. Articles consisting of a with a center or rim fire primer and charge of detonating explosive without containing both a propelling charge means of initiation. They are used to and solid projectile(s). They are de- increase the initiating power of deto- signed to be fired in weapons of caliber nators or detonating cord. not larger than 19.1 mm. Shotgun car- Bursters, explosive. Articles consisting tridges of any caliber are included in of a small charge of explosive to open this description. The term excludes: projectiles or other ammunition in Cartridges, small arms, blank, and order to disperse their contents. some military small arms cartridges Cartridges, blank. Articles that con- listed under Cartridges for weapons, sist of a cartridge case with a center or inert projectile. rim fire primer and a confined charge Cases, cartridge, empty with primer. Ar- of smokeless or black powder, but no ticles consisting of a cartridge case projectile. Used in training, saluting, made from metal, plastics or other or in starter pistols, tools, etc. non-flammable materials, in which Cartridges, flash. Articles consisting only the explosive component is the of a casing, a primer and flash powder, primer. all assembled in one piece for firing. Cartridges for weapons. (1) Fixed (as- Cases, combustible, empty, without sembled) or semi-fixed (partially as- primer. Articles consisting of cartridge sembled) ammunition designed to be cases made partly or entirely from ni- fired from weapons. Each cartridge in- trocellulose. cludes all the components necessary to Charges, bursting. Articles consisting function the weapon once. The name of a charge of detonating explosive and description should be used for mili- such as hexolite, octolite, or plastics- tary small arms cartridges that cannot bonded explosive designed to produce be described as cartridges, small arms. effect by blast or fragmentation. Separate loading ammunition is in- Charges, demolition. Articles con- cluded under this name and description sisting of a charge of detonating explo- when the propelling charge and projec- sive in a casing of fiberboard, plastics, tile are packed together (see also Car- metal or other material. The term ex- tridges, blank). cludes articles identified as bombs, (2) Incendiary, smoke, toxic, and mines, etc. tear-producing cartridges are described Charges, depth. Articles consisting of under ammunition, incendiary, etc. a charge of detonating explosive con- Cartridges for weapons, inert projectile. tained in a drum or projectile. They Ammunition consisting of a casing are designed to detonate under water. with propelling charge and a solid or Charges, expelling. A charge of empty projectile. deflagrating explosive designed to eject Cartridges, oil well. Articles consisting the payload from the parent article of a casing of thin fiber, metal or other without damage. material containing only propellant Charges, explosive, without detonator. explosive. The term excludes charges, Articles consisting of a charge of deto- shaped, commercial. nating explosive without means of ini- Cartridges, power device. Articles de- tiation, used for explosive welding, signed to accomplish mechanical ac- joining, forming, and other processes.

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Charges, propelling. Articles con- small quantity of explosive, the words sisting of propellant charge in any ‘‘mild effect’’ are added. physical form, with or without a cas- Cord igniter. Articles consisting of ing, for use in cannon or for reducing textile yarns covered with black pow- drag for projectiles or as a component der or another fast-burning pyro- of rocket motors. technic composition and a flexible pro- Charges, propelling for cannon. Arti- tective covering, or consisting of a core cles consisting of a propellant charge of black powder surrounded by a flexi- in any physical form, with or without a ble woven fabric. It burns progressively casing, for use in a cannon. along its length with an external flame Charges, shaped, without detonator. and is used to transmit ignition from a Articles consisting of a casing con- device to a charge or primer. taining a charge of detonating explo- Cutters, cable, explosive. Articles con- sive with a cavity lined with rigid ma- sisting of a knife-edged device which is terial, without means of initiation. driven by a small charge of They are designed to produce a power- deflagrating explosive into an anvil. ful, penetrating jet effect. Detonator assemblies, non-electric, for Charges, shaped, flexible, linear. Arti- blasting. Non-electric detonators as- cles consisting of a V-shaped core of a sembled with and activated by such detonating explosive clad by a flexible means as safety fuse, shock tube, flash metal sheath. tube, or detonating cord. They may be Charges, supplementary, explosive. Ar- of instantaneous design or incorporate ticles consisting of a small removable delay elements. Detonating relays in- booster used in the cavity of a projec- corporating detonating cord are in- tile between the fuze and the bursting cluded. Other detonating relays are in- charge. cluded in Detonators, nonelectric. Components, explosive train, n.o.s. Ar- Detonators. Articles consisting of a ticles containing an explosive designed small metal or plastic tube containing to transmit a detonation or deflagra- explosives such as lead azide, PETN, or tion within an explosive train. combinations of explosives. They are Consumer firework. Any finished fire- designed to start a detonation train. work device that is in a form intended They may be constructed to detonate for use by the public that complies instantaneously, or may contain a with any limits and requirements of delay element. They may contain no the APA Standard 87–1 (IBR, see § 171.7 more than 10 g of total explosives of this subchapter) and the construc- weight, excluding ignition and delay tion, performance, chemical composi- charges, per unit. The term includes: tion, and labeling requirements codi- detonators for ammunition; detonators fied by the U.S. Consumer Product for blasting, both electric and non-elec- Safety Commission in 16 CFR parts tric; and detonating relays without 1500 and 1507. A consumer firework does flexible detonating cord. not include firework devices, kits or Dynamite. A detonating explosive components banned by the U.S. Con- containing a liquid explosive ingre- sumer Product Safety Commission in dient (generally nitroglycerin, similar 16 CFR 1500.17 (a)(8). organic nitrate esters, or both) that is Contrivance, water-activated with uniformly mixed with an absorbent burster, expelling charge or propelling material, such as wood pulp, and usu- charge. Articles whose functioning de- ally contains materials such as nitro- pends of physico-chemical reaction of cellulose, sodium and ammonium ni- their contents with water. trate. Cord, detonating, flexible. Articles con- Entire load and total contents. The sisting of a core of detonating explo- phrase means such a substantial por- sive enclosed in spun fabric with plas- tion of the material explodes that the tics or other covering. practical hazard should be assessed by Cord (fuse) detonating, metal clad. Ar- assuming simultaneous explosion of ticles consisting of a core of detonating the whole of the explosive content of explosive clad by a soft metal tube the load or package. with or without protective covering. Explode. The term indicates those ex- When the core contains a sufficiently plosive effects capable of endangering

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life and property through blast, heat, not contain nitroglycerin, any similar and projection of missiles. It encom- liquid organic nitrate, chlorate or am- passes both deflagration and detona- monium-nitrate. The term generally tion. includes plastic explosives. Explosion of the total contents. The Explosive, blasting, type E. Substances phrase is used in testing a single arti- consisting of water as an essential in- cle or package or a small stack of arti- gredient and high proportions of am- cles or packages. monium nitrate or other oxidizer, some Explosive, blasting. Detonating explo- or all of which are in solution. The sive substances used in mining, con- other constituents may include nitro- struction, and similar tasks. Blasting derivatives, such as trinitrotoluene, explosives are assigned to one of five hydrocarbons or aluminum powder. types. In addition to the ingredients The term includes: explosives, emul- listed below for each type, blasting ex- sion; explosives, slurry; and explosives, plosives may also contain inert compo- watergel. nents, such as kieselguhr, and other Explosive, deflagrating. A substance, minor ingredients, such as coloring e.g., propellant, which reacts by defla- agents and stabilizers. gration rather than detonation when Explosive, blasting, type A. Substances ignited and used in its normal manner. consisting of liquid organic nitrates, Explosive, detonating. A substance such as nitroglycerin, or a mixture of which reacts by detonation rather than such ingredients with one or more of deflagration when initiated and used in the following: nitrocellulose, ammo- its normal manner. nium nitrate or other inorganic ni- Explosive, extremely insensitive sub- trates, aromatic nitro-derivatives, or stance (EIS). A substance that has dem- combustible materials, such as wood- onstrated through tests that it is so in- meal and aluminum powder. Such ex- sensitive that there is very little prob- plosives must be in powdery, gelat- ability of accidental initiation. inous, plastic or elastic form. The term Explosive, primary. Explosive sub- includes dynamite, blasting gelatine stance which is manufactured with a and gelatine dynamites. view to producing a practical effect by Explosive, blasting, type B. Substances explosion, is very sensitive to heat, im- consisting of a mixture of ammonium pact, or friction, and even in very nitrate or other inorganic nitrates small quantities, detonates. The major with an explosive, such as trinitro- primary explosives are mercury ful- toluene, with or without other sub- minate, lead azide, and lead styphnate. stances, such as wood-meal or alu- Explosive, secondary. An explosive minum powder, or a mixture of ammo- substance which is relatively insensi- nium nitrate or other inorganic ni- tive (when compared to primary explo- trates with other combustible sub- sives) and is usually initiated by pri- stances which are not explosive ingre- mary explosives with or without the dients. Such explosives may not con- aid of boosters or supplementary tain nitroglycerin, similar liquid or- charges. Such an explosive may react ganic nitrates, or chlorates. as a deflagrating or as a detonating ex- Explosive, blasting, type C. Substances plosive. consisting of a mixture of either potas- Fireworks. Pyrotechnic articles de- sium or sodium chlorate or potassium, signed for entertainment. sodium or ammonium perchlorate with Flares. Articles containing pyro- organic nitro-derivatives or combus- technic substances which are designed tible materials, such as wood-meal or to illuminate, identify, signal, or warn. aluminum powder, or a hydrocarbon. The term includes: flares, aerial and Such explosives must not contain ni- flares, surface. troglycerin or any similar liquid or- Flash powder. Pyrotechnic substance ganic nitrate. which, when ignited, produces an in- Explosive, blasting, type D. Substances tense light. consisting of a mixture of organic ni- Fracturing devices, explosive, for oil trate compounds and combustible ma- wells, without detonators. Articles con- terials, such as hydrocarbons and alu- sisting of a charge of detonating explo- minum powder. Such explosives must sive contained in a casing without the

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means of initiation. They are used to employed to ignite a deflagrating train fracture the rock around a drill shaft of explosive or pyrotechnic substances to assist the flow of crude oil from the (for example: a primer for propelling rock. charge, an igniter for a rocket motor Fuse/Fuze. Although these two words or an igniting fuze). have a common origin (French fusee, Initiation, means of. (1) A device in- fusil) and are sometimes considered to tended to cause the detonation of an be different spellings, it is useful to explosive (for example: detonator, det- maintain the convention that fuse re- onator for ammunition, or detonating fers to a cord-like igniting device, fuze). whereas fuze refers to a device used in (2) The term with its own means of ini- ammunition which incorporates me- tiation means that the contrivance has chanical, electrical, chemical, or hy- its normal initiating device assembled drostatic components to initiate a to it and this device is considered to train by deflagration or detonation. present a significant risk during trans- Fuse, igniter. Articles consisting of a port but not one great enough to be un- metal tube with a core of deflagrating acceptable. The term does not apply, explosives. however, to a contrivance packed to- Fuse, instantaneous, non-detonating gether with its means of initiation, (Quickmatch). Article consisting of cot- provided the device is packaged so as ton yarns impregnated with fine black to eliminate the risk of causing deto- powder. It burns with an external nation of the contrivance in the event flame and is used in ignition trains for of functioning of the initiating device. fireworks, etc. The initiating device can even be as- Fuse, safety. Article consisting of a sembled in the contrivance provided core of fine-grained black powder sur- there are protective features ensuring rounded by a flexible woven fabric with that the device is very unlikely to one or more protective outer coverings. cause detonation of the contrivance When ignited, it burns at a predeter- under conditions which are associated mined rate without any explosive ef- with transport. fect. (3) For the purposes of classification, Fuzes. Articles designed to start a any means of initiation without two ef- detonation or deflagration in ammuni- fective protective features should be tion. They incorporate mechanical, regarded as Compatibility Group B; an electrical, chemical, or hydrostatic article with its own means of initi- components and generally protective ation, without two effective protective features. The term includes: Fuzes, det- features, is Compatibility Group F. A onating; fuzes detonating with protec- means of initiation which itself pos- tive features; and fuzes igniting. sesses two effective protective features Grenades, hand or rifle. Articles is Compatibility Group D, and an arti- which are designed to be thrown by cle with its own means of initiation hand or to be projected by rifle. The which possesses two effective features term includes: grenades, hand or rifle, is Compatibility Group D or E. A with bursting charge; and grenades, means of initiation, adjudged as having practice, hand or rifle. The term ex- two effective protective features, must cludes: grenades, smoke. be approved by the Associate Adminis- Igniters. Articles containing one or trator. A common and effective way of more explosive substance used to start achieving the necessary degree of pro- deflagration of an explosive train. They tection is to use a means of initiation may be actuated chemically, elec- which incorporates two or more inde- trically, or mechanically. The term ex- pendent safety features. cludes: cord, igniter; fuse, igniter; fuse, Jet perforating guns, charged, oil well, instantaneous, non-detonating; fuze, without detonator. Articles consisting of igniting; lighters, fuse, instantaneous, a steel tube or metallic strip, into non-detonating; fuzes, igniting; light- which are inserted shaped charges con- ers, fuse; primers, cap type; and prim- nected by detonating cord, without ers, tubular. means of initiation. Ignition, means of. A general term Lighters, fuse. Articles of various de- used in connection with the method sign actuated by friction, percussion,

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or electricity and used to ignite safety charge. The term includes: projectiles, fuse. inert, with tracer; projectiles, with Mass explosion. Explosion which af- burster or expelling charge; and projec- fects almost the entire load virtually tiles, with bursting charge. instantaneously. Propellant, liquid. Substances con- Mines. Articles consisting normally sisting of a deflagrating liquid explo- of metal or composition receptacles sive, used for propulsion. and bursting charge. They are designed Propellant, solid. Substances con- to be operated by the passage of ships, sisting of a deflagrating solid explo- vehicles, or personnel. The term in- sive, used for propulsion. cludes Bangalore torpedoes. Propellants. Deflagrating explosives Phlegmatized. The term means that a used for propulsion or for reducing the substance (or ‘‘phlegmatizer’’) has been drag of projectiles. added to an explosive to enhance its Release devices, explosive. Articles safety in handling and transport. The consisting of a small charge of explo- phlegmatizer renders the explosive in- sive with means of initiation. They sensitive, or less sensitive, to the fol- sever rods or links to release equip- lowing actions: heat, shock, impact, ment quickly. percussion or friction. Typical Rocket motors. Articles consisting of a phlegmatizing agents include, but are solid, liquid, or hypergolic propellant not limited to: wax, paper, water, poly- contained in a cylinder fitted with one mers (such as chlorofluoropolymers), or more nozzles. They are designed to alcohol and oils (such as petroleum propel a rocket or guided missile. The jelly and paraffin). term includes: rocket motors; rocket Powder cake (powder paste). Substance motors with hypergolic liquids with or consisting of nitrocellulose impreg- without an expelling charge; and rock- nated with not more than 60 percent of et motors, liquid fuelled. nitroglycerin or other liquid organic Rockets. Articles containing a rocket nitrates or a mixture of these. motor and a payload which may be an Powder, smokeless. Substance based on explosive warhead or other device. The nitrocellulose used as propellant. The term includes: guided missiles; rockets, term includes propellants with a single line-throwing; rockets, liquid fuelled, base (nitrocellulose (NC) alone), those with bursting charge; rockets, with with a double base (such as NC and ni- bursting charge; rockets, with expel- troglycerin (NG)) and those with a tri- ling charge; and rockets, with inert ple base (such as NC/NG/ head. nitroguanidine). Cast pressed or bag- Signals. Articles consisting of pyro- charges of smokeless powder are listed technic substances designed to produce under charges, propelling and charges, signals by means of sound, flame, or propelling for cannon. smoke or any combination thereof. The Primers, cap type. Articles consisting term includes: signal devices, hand; of a metal or plastic cap containing a signals, distress ship; signals, railway small amount of primary explosive track, explosive; signals, smoke. mixture that is readily ignited by im- Sounding devices, explosive. Articles pact. They serve as igniting elements consisting of a charge of detonating ex- in small arms cartridges and in percus- plosive. They are dropped from ships sion primers for propelling charges. and function when they reach a pre- Primers, tubular. Articles consisting determined depth or the sea bed. of a primer for ignition and an auxil- Substance, explosive, very insensitive iary charge of deflagrating explosive, (Substance, EVI) N.O.S. Substances such as black powder, used to ignite which present a mass explosive hazard the propelling charge in a cartridge but which are so insensitive that there case for cannon, etc. is very little probability of initiation, Projectiles. Articles, such as a shell or or of transition from burning to deto- bullet, which are projected from a can- nation under normal conditions of non or other artillery gun, rifle, or transport and which have passed test other small arm. They may be inert, series 5. with or without tracer, or may contain Torpedoes. Articles containing an ex- a burster, expelling charge or bursting plosive or non-explosive propulsion

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system and designed to be propelled nents of articles must be prevented through water. They may contain an from making contact with metal pack- inert head or warhead. The term in- agings. Articles containing explosive cludes: torpedoes, liquid fuelled, with substances not enclosed in an outer inert head; torpedoes, liquid fuelled, casing must be separated from each with or without bursting charge; and other in order to prevent friction and torpedoes, with bursting charge. impact. Padding, trays, partitioning in Tracers for ammunition. Sealed arti- the inner or outer packaging, molded cles containing pyrotechnic sub- plastics or receptacles may be used for stances, designed to reveal the trajec- this purpose. tory of a projectile. (4) When the packaging includes Warheads. Articles containing deto- water that could freeze during trans- nating explosives, designed to be fitted portation, a sufficient amount of anti- to a rocket, guided missile, or torpedo. freeze, such as denatured ethyl alcohol, They may contain a burster or expel- must be added to the water to prevent ling charge or bursting charge. The freezing. If the anti-freeze creates a term includes: warhead rocket with fire hazard, it may not be used. When a bursting charge; and warheads, tor- percentage of water in the substance is pedo, with bursting charge. specified, the combined weight of water and anti-freeze may be substituted. [Amdt. 173–224, 55 FR 52617 Dec. 21, 1990, as amended at 56 FR 66267, Dec. 20, 1991; Amdt. (5) If an article is fitted with its own 173–241, 59 FR 67492, Dec. 29, 1994; 64 FR 10777, means of ignition or initiation, it must Mar. 5, 1999; 66 FR 45379, Aug. 28, 2001; 76 FR be effectively protected from acci- 3371, Jan. 19, 2011; 78 FR 1074, Jan. 7, 2013; 78 dental actuation during normal condi- FR 42477, July 16, 2013] tions of transportation. (6) The entry of explosive substances § 173.60 General packaging require- into the recesses of double-seamed ments for explosives. metal packagings must be prevented. (a) Unless otherwise provided in this (7) The closure device of a metal subpart and in § 173.7(a), packaging drum must include a suitable gasket; if used for Class 1 (explosives) materials the closure device includes metal-to- must meet Packing Group II require- metal screw-threads, the ingress of ex- ments. Each packaging used for an explosive substances into the threading plosive must be capable of meeting the must be prevented. test requirements of subpart M of part (8) Whenever loose explosive sub- 178 of this subchapter, at the specified stances or the explosive substance of level of performance, and the applica- an uncased or partly cased article may ble general packaging requirements of come into contact with the inner sur- paragraph (b) of this section. face of metal packagings (1A2, 1B2, 4A, (b) The general requirements for 4B and metal receptacles), the metal packaging of explosives are as follows: packaging should be provided with an (1) Nails, staples, and other closure inner liner or coating. devices, made of metal, having no pro- (9) Packagings must be made of ma- tective covering may not penetrate to terials compatible with, and imper- the inside of the outer packaging un- meable to, the explosives contained in less the inner packaging adequately the package, so that neither inter- protects the explosive against contact action between the explosives and the with the metal. packaging materials, nor leakage, (2) The closure device of containers causes the explosive to become unsafe for liquid explosives must provide dou- in transportation, or the hazard divi- ble protection against leakage, such as sion or compatibility group to change a screw cap secured in place with tape. (see § 173.24(e)(2)). (3) Inner packagings, fittings, and (10) An explosive article containing cushioning materials, and the placing an electrical means of initiation that of explosive substances or articles in is sensitive to external electro- packages, must be such that the explo- magnetic radiation, must have its sive substance is prevented from be- means of initiation effectively pro- coming loose in the outer packaging tected from electromagnetic radiation during transportation. Metallic compo- sources (for example, radar or radio

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