UNMAS IED Lexicon
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This lexicon is intended to provide the United Nations system with a coherent conceptual framework and operational vocabulary to address the IED threat worldwide. It encompasses the broad spectrum of IED employment scenarios, the variety of IED devices, and their critical components. ii Adoption of this lexicon will improve the collection, reporting, and exploitation of IED information at the tactical, operational, and strategic levels. The lexicon will assist in: - Standardizing terminology across IED reports and improving database content management; - IED related education and training; and - Development and understanding in support of IED policy and doctrine. In order to maintain the ability to effectively communicate and understand the IED using the construct and definitions posed in this lexicon, modification of definitions and diagrams is not recommended. CONTENTS iii GENERAL TERMS . 1 POWER SOURCE . 40 TACTICAL CHARACTERIZATION . 5 CONTAINER . 43 TACTICAL DESIGN . 7 ENHANCEMENTS. 45 PURPOSE OF DEVICE . 13 GLOSSARY . 49 TECHNICAL CATEGORIZATION . 17 SWITCH . 18 INITIATOR . 27 MAIN CHARGE . 31 IED Lexicon: CONSTRUCT Tactical Design IED Related Incidents Tactical Characterization iv Purpose of Device IED Leads Explosion to Find / Cache Trend and Pattern Analysis Motivation of Actor Hoax Event signature development / Device profiling Political False Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTP) development Criminal Turn-In Ideological Leads Drives to Components Common Intent of Actor Technical Categorization to Most Modern IEDs Maim Switch Kill Destroy Initiator Revenge Main Charge Harass Extort Power Source Distrupt Container This Lexicon -addresses the Enhancements methodology of exploiting (Components potentially IEDs, which leads to a associated with an IED) better understanding of the networks of IED builders, facilitators, and emplacers. GENERAL TERMS 1 Associated Components Explosive Train Improvised Explosive Device Components that are: 1) part of an A succession of initiating and igniting (IED) IED or improvised weapon system; elements arranged to cause a charge to A device placed or fabricated in an 2) the tools required to produce the function. improvised manner incorporating components; or 3) precursors to the destructive, lethal, noxious, manufacture of IED components to False pyrotechnic or incendiary chemicals include explosives. An IED related incident that is and designed to destroy, incapacitate, incorrectly identified though reported harass or distract. It may incorporate Event Signature Development / in good faith as an IED, which is military stores, but is normally devised Device Profiling subsequently categorized as a false from non-military components. Refers The process of analyzing the tactical and alarm after positive Explosive Ordnance to a type of IED incident that involves technical identifiers of an IED incident Disposal (EOD) action. a complete functioning device. to support force protection, targeting, Find / Cache prosecution, and sourcing. Weapons Technical Intelligence An IED related incident that involves (WTI) Explosion the discovery and/or recovery of an Intelligence derived from the A nuclear, chemical or physical process IED not yet emplaced or employed, IED processes and capabilities that collect, leading to the sudden release of energy. components, and/or IED paraphernalia. exploit and analyze asymmetric threat weapons systems to enable material sourcing, support to prosecution, force protection and targeting of threat networks. GENERAL TERMS (continued) 2 Force Protection Improvised Weapons Tactics, Techniques and Preventive measures taken to mitigate Weapons constructed in an improvised Procedures Development hostile actions against United Nations manner designed to destroy, Using the lessons learned from an IED staff, Troop Contributing Countries/ incapacitate, harass or distract. attack to refine and improve the tools Police (TCC/PCC), resources, facilities, and methods used during all missions Sourcing and critical information. in which an IED may be encountered The process of determining the (e.g. convoys, tactical suppression Hoax origination point (such as a production efforts, Intelligence Surveillance and An IED related incident that involves a facility or person, a geographic location, Reconnaissance (ISR), Counter-IED device fabricated to look like an IED and or a specific country of origin) for IED (C-IED) missions, etc.). that is intended to simulate one in order components. to elicit a response. Targeting Support to Prosecution The process of selecting and prioritizing IED Related Incidents The process of associating related targets and matching the appropriate An event that involves one or more people, places, devices, or equipment to response to them, considering of the following IED-related actions / an individual for evidentiary purposes in operational requirements and activities: IED, Explosion, Find / Cache, a recognized court of law. capabilities. Turn-In, Hoax, or False. Tactical Characterization The manner in which an IED incident is planned and conducted (tactical design) and the intent (purpose of device). 3 Technical Categorization A description of an IED using a hierarchical construct to identify its key components. The components identified in this categorization are the elements from which technical and forensic information is recovered and exploited. Trend and Pattern Analysis Using prior actions and activities to identify trends in activities or behaviors. Once identified these patterns can be used to predict future attacks or incidents, and plan intelligence surveillance, reconnaissance (ISR) activities and training. Turn-In An IED related incident where an IED or component is turned over to the proper authority. The ve components common to most modern IEDs. 4 Container Power Source Initiator Main Charge Switch Multiple switches are sometimes A booster is sometimes present present and connected together in the IED explosive train Heat Switches Mechanical Energy Main Initiator Booster Chemical Energy Charge Arming Firing Electrical Energy TWO aspects for understanding an IED incident: 5 1. TACTICAL CHARACTERIZATION 2. TECHNICAL CATEGORIZATION 6 TACTICAL CHARACTERIZATION he manner in which Tactical Design an IED incident Tactical Characterization is planned and T Purpose of Device conducted (tactical design) and the intent (purpose of device). TACTICAL DESIGN 7 he specific design of an Method of Identification IED attack – including but Method of Employment Tnot limited to: position of Method of Emplacement the IED, the type of IED, type of Method of Attachment road segment used, concealment technique, use of secondary Sensor Defeat devices, the time of day, etc. Role of IED Tactical design addresses the Attack Geography questions: Incident Environmental • Why here? Conditions • Why now? Incident Atmospherics • Why in this way? Terms used to describe a specific type of device or component of a device (e.g., VBIED) are often used to describe all or part of the tactical design. Optics Visual Observation Human Eye EXAMPLES (Not All Inclusive) T Dog Working Animal A Marine Mammal 8 Method of Identication C Search and Hand-Held Detectors Aerial Sensors T Detect Sensors Vehicle Mounted Maritime Sensors Local National I Human Tip C NGO Personnel A Animal Borne Vehicle Borne Method of Water Borne Air Borne L Employment Suicide Proxy Person Borne Projected D Method of Surface Subsurface E Emplacement Elevated S Method of Magnet Mechanical I Attachment Tied Adhesive Surgically Implanted Anti-X-Ray Masking Agents G Sensor Defeat N Low Metallic Content Non Metallic Content Primary Device Role of IED Secondary Device Distance to Target Crater Diameter EXAMPLES Blast Dimensions Crater Depth (Not All Inclusive) T Estimated Net Explosive Weight Debris Field Radius Soil A Blast Crater Material Sand 9 Line of Sight Concrete C Device Placement Placement Relative to Target Mid-Road T Characteristics Contact Point Oset I Firing Point O Route C Concealment Distracting Agents A Attack Geography Aiming Marker Camouage L Antenna Orientation Underbelly Subsurface Angle of Attack Top Attack Elevated D Site-Specic Side Attack Surface E Characteristics Obstacles Canal Fence S Routes Ingress Egress I Visibility Incidental Environmental Time of Day G Conditions N Weather Civilian Presence / Absence Incident Atmospherics Interaction with Civilians 10 TACTICAL DESIGN Air Borne IED (ABIED) Emplacement Incident Atmospherics An IED delivered by or concealed in an A description of where a device was A description of the demeanor of the air-based vehicle. placed to attack the intended target. civilian population at an IED event to include mood, absence or presence, Animal Borne IED Estimated Net Explosive Weight changes in previously experienced An IED delivered to a target by means of A reference to the estimated weight of interactions, etc. an animal. the main charge derived from obser- vations of the blast effects and crater Incident Environmental Attack Geography characteristics. Conditions A description of the road segment, A description of the ambient buildings, foliage, etc. Understanding Human Tip surrounding conditions to include the geography can indicate the use Information provided in an advance weather conditions such as of the landscape to channel tactical and/or confidential manner regarding temperature, precipitation, fog, dust, response, slow friendly movement, an IED, IED related materials, or associ- etc. or prevent pursuit of threat