Research and Special Programs Administration, DOT § 173.59
Research and Special Programs Administration, DOT § 173.59
require additional testing, if appro- Ammunition, incendiary, white phos- priate. In addition, the Associate Ad- phorus, with burster, expelling charge ministrator for Hazardous Materials or propelling charge. Safety may limit the quantity of ex- Ammunition, practice. Ammunition plosive in a device. without a main bursting charge, con- (e) Each explosive is assigned a com- taining a burster or expelling charge. patibility group letter by the Associate Normally it also contains a fuze and Administrator for Hazardous Materials propelling charge. The term excludes Safety based on the criteria prescribed the following article which is listed in § 173.52(b) of this subchapter. separately: Grenades, practice. [Amdt. 173–224, 55 FR 52617 Dec. 21, 1990, as Ammunition, proof. Ammunition con- amended at 56 FR 66267, Dec. 20, 1991; 63 FR taining pyrotechnic substance, used to 52849, Oct. 1, 1998] test the performance or strength of § 173.59 Description of terms for explo- new ammunition, weapon component sives. or assemblies. For the purpose of this subchapter, a Ammunition, smoke. Ammunition con- description of the following terms is taining a smoke-producing substance provided for information only. They such as chlorosulphonic acid mixture must not be used for purposes of classi- (CSAM), titanium tetrachloride (FM), fication or to replace proper shipping white phosphorus, or smoke-producing names prescribed in § 172.101 of this substance whose composition is based subchapter. on hexachlorothannol (HC) or red phos- Ammonium-nitrate—fuel oil mixture phorus. Except when the substance is (ANFO). A blasting explosive contain- an explosive per se, the ammunition ing no essential ingredients other than also contains one or more of the follow- prilled ammonium nitrate and fuel oil. ing: a propelling charge with primer Ammunition. Generic term related and igniter charge, or a fuze with mainly to articles of military applica- burster or expelling charge. The term tion consisting of all types of bombs, includes: Ammunition, smoke, with or grenades, rockets, mines, projectiles without burster, expelling charge or and other similar devices or contri- propelling charge; Ammunition, smoke, vances. white phosphorus with burster, expel- Ammunition, illuminating, with or with- ling charge or propelling charge. out burster, expelling charge or propelling charge. Ammunition designed to Ammunition, tear-producing with burst- produce a single source of intense light er, expelling charge or propelling charge. for lighting up an area. The term in- Ammunition containing tear-producing cludes illuminating cartridges, gre- substance. It may also contain one or nades and projectiles, and illuminating more of the following: a pyrotechnic and target identification bombs. The substance, a propelling charge with term excludes the following articles primer and igniter charge, or a fuze which are listed separately: cartridges, with burster or expelling charge. signal; signal devices; hand signals; dis- Ammunition, toxic. Ammunition con- tress flares, aerial and flares, surface. taining toxic agent. It may also con- Ammunition, incendiary. Ammunition tain one or more of the following: a py- containing an incendiary substance rotechnic substance, a propelling which may be a solid, liquid or gel in- charge with primer and igniter charge, cluding white phosphorus. Except when or a fuze with burster or expelling the composition is an explosive per se, charge. it also contains one or more of the fol- Articles, explosive, extremely insensitive lowing: a propelling charge with primer (Articles, EEI). Articles that contain and igniter charge, or a fuze with only extremely insensitive detonating burster or expelling charge. The term substances and which demonstrate a includes: Ammunition, incendiary, liquid or gel, with burster, expelling charge negligible probability of accidental ini- or propelling charge; Ammunition, in- tiation or propagation under normal cendiary with or without burster, expel- conditions of transport and which have ling charge or propelling charge; and passed Test Series 7.
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Articles, pyrophoric. Articles which function the weapon once. The name contain a pyrophoric substance (capa- and description should be used for mili- ble of spontaneous ignition when ex- tary small arms cartridges that cannot posed to air) and an explosive sub- be described as cartridges, small arms. stance or component. The term ex- Separate loading ammunition is in- cludes articles containing white phos- cluded under this name and description phorus. when the propelling charge and projec- Articles, pyrotechnic for technical pur- tile are packed together (see also Car- poses. Articles which contain pyro- tridges, blank). technic substances and are used for (2) Incendiary, smoke, toxic, and technical purposes, such as heat gen- tear-producing cartridges are described eration, gas generation, theatrical ef- under ammunition, incendiary, etc. fects, etc. The term excludes the fol- Cartridges for weapons, inert projectile. lowing articles which are listed sepa- Ammunition consisting of a casing rately: all ammunition; cartridges, sig- with propelling charge and a solid or nal; cutters, cable, explosive; fireworks; empty projectile. flares, aerial; flares, surface; release de- Cartridges, oil well. Articles consisting vices, explosives; rivets, explosive; signal of a casing of thin fiber, metal or other devices, hand; signals, distress; signals, material containing only propellant railway track, explosive; and signals, explosive. The term excludes charges, smoke. shaped, commercial. Black powder (gunpowder). Substance Cartridges, power device. Articles de- consisting of an intimate mixture of signed to accomplish mechanical ac- charcoal or other carbon and either po- tions. They consist of a casing with a tassium or sodium nitrate, and sul- charge of deflagrating explosive and a phur. It may be meal, granular, com- means of ignition. The gaseous prod- pressed, or pelletized. ucts of the deflagration produce infla- Bombs. Explosive articles which are tion, linear or rotary motion; activate dropped from aircraft. They may con- diaphragms, valves or switches, or tain a flammable liquid with bursting project fastening devices or extinguish- charge, a photo-flash composition or ing agents. bursting charge. The term excludes tor- Cartridges, signal. Articles designed to pedoes (aerial) and includes bombs, fire colored flares or other signals from photo-flash; bombs with bursting charge; signal pistols or devices. bombs with flammable liquids, with Cartridges, small arms. Ammunition bursting charge. consisting of a cartridge case fitted Boosters. Articles consisting of a with a center or rim fire primer and charge of detonating explosive without containing both a propelling charge means of initiation. They are used to and solid projectile(s). They are de- increase the initiating power of deto- signed to be fired in weapons of caliber nators or detonating cord. not larger than 19.1 mm. Shotgun car- Bursters, explosive. Articles consisting tridges of any caliber are included in of a small charge of explosive to open this description. The term excludes: projectiles or other ammunition in Cartridges, small arms, blank, and order to disperse their contents. some military small arms cartridges Cartridges, blank. Articles which con- listed under Cartridges for weapons, sist of a cartridge case with a center or inert projectile. rim fire primer and a confined charge Cases, cartridge, empty with primer. Ar- of smokeless or black powder, but no ticles consisting of a cartridge case projectile. Used in training, saluting, made from metal, plastics or other or in starter pistols, etc. non-flammable materials, in which Cartridges, flash. Articles consisting only the explosive component is the of a casing, a primer and flash powder, primer. all assembled in one piece for firing. Cases, combustible, empty, without Cartridges for weapons. (1) Fixed (as- primer. Articles consisting of cartridge sembled) or semi-fixed (partially as- cases made partly or entirely from ni- sembled) ammunition designed to be trocellulose. fired from weapons. Each cartridge in- Charges, bursting. Articles consisting cludes all the components necessary to of a charge of detonating explosive
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such as hexolite, octolite, or plastics- Cord, detonating, flexible. Articles con- bonded explosive designed to produce sisting of a core of detonating explo- effect by blast or fragmentation. sive enclosed in spun fabric with plas- Charges, demolition. Articles consist- tics or other covering. ing of a charge of detonating explosive Cord (fuse) detonating, metal clad. Ar- in a casing of fiberboard, plastics, ticles consisting of a core of detonating metal or other material. The term ex- explosive clad by a soft metal tube cludes articles identified as bombs, with or without protective covering. mines, etc. When the core contains a sufficiently Charges, depth. Articles consisting of small quantity of explosive, the words a charge of detonating explosive con- ‘‘mild effect’’ are added. tained in a drum or projectile. They Cord igniter. Articles consisting of are designed to detonate under water. textile yarns covered with black pow- Charges, expelling. A charge of der or another fast-burning pyro- deflagrating explosive designed to eject technic composition and a flexible pro- the payload from the parent article tective covering, or consisting of a core without damage. of black powder surrounded by a flexi- Charges, explosive, commercial without ble woven fabric. It burns progressively detonator. Articles consisting of a along its length with an external flame charge of detonating explosive without and is used to transmit ignition from a means of initiation, used for explosive device to a charge or primer. welding, joining, forming, and other Cutters, cable, explosive. Articles con- commercial processes. sisting of a knife-edged device which is driven by a small charge of Charges, propelling. Articles consist- deflagrating explosive into an anvil. ing of propellant charge in any phys- Detonator assemblies, non-electric, for ical form, with or without a casing, for blasting. Non-electric detonators as- use in cannon or for reducing drag for sembled with and activated by such projectiles or as a component of rocket means as safety fuse, shock tube, flash motors. tube, or detonating cord. They may be Charges, propelling for cannon. Arti- of instantaneous design or incorporate cles consisting of a propellant charge delay elements. Detonating relays in- in any physical form, with or without a corporating detonating cord are in- casing, for use in a cannon. cluded. Other detonating relays are in- Charges, shaped commercial, without cluded in Detonators, nonelectric. detonator. Articles consisting of a cas- Detonators. Articles consisting of a ing containing a charge of detonating small metal or plastic tube containing explosive with a cavity lined with rigid explosives such as lead azide, PETN, or material, without means of initiation. combinations of explosives. They are They are designed to produce a power- designed to start a detonation train. ful, penetrating jet effect. They may be constructed to detonate Charges, shaped, flexible, linear. Arti- instantaneously, or may contain a cles consisting of a V-shaped core of a delay element. They may contain no detonating explosive clad by a flexible more than 10 g of total explosives metal sheath. weight, excluding ignition and delay Charges, supplementary, explosive. Ar- charges, per unit. The term includes: ticles consisting of a small removable detonators for ammunition; detonators booster used in the cavity of a projec- for blasting, both electric and non-elec- tile between the fuze and the bursting tric; and detonating relays without charge. flexible detonating cord. Components, explosive train, n.o.s. Ar- Dynamite. A detonating explosive ticles containing an explosive designed containing a liquid explosive ingredi- to transmit a detonation or deflagra- ent (generally nitroglycerin, similar tion within an explosive train. organic nitrate esters, or both) that is Contrivance, water-activated with uniformly mixed with an absorbent burster, expelling charge or propelling material, such as wood pulp, and usu- charge. Articles whose functioning de- ally contains materials such as nitro- pends of physico-chemical reaction of cellulose, sodium and ammonium ni- their contents with water. trate.
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Entire load and total contents. The aluminum powder, or a hydrocarbon. phrase means such a substantial por- Such explosives must not contain ni- tion of the material explodes that the troglycerin or any similar liquid or- practical hazard should be assessed by ganic nitrate. assuming simultaneous explosion of Explosive, blasting, type D. Substances the whole of the explosive content of consisting of a mixture of organic ni- the load or package. trate compounds and combustible ma- Explode. The term indicates those ex- terials, such as hydrocarbons and alu- plosive effects capable of endangering minum powder. Such explosives must life and property through blast, heat, not contain nitroglycerin, any similar and projection of missiles. It encom- liquid organic nitrate, chlorate or am- passes both deflagration and detona- monium-nitrate. The term generally tion. includes plastic explosives. Explosion of the total contents. The Explosive, blasting, type E. Substances phrase is used in testing a single arti- consisting of water as an essential in- cle or package or a small stack of arti- gredient and high proportions of am- cles or packages. monium nitrate or other oxidizer, some Explosive, blasting. Detonating explo- or all of which are in solution. The sive substances used in mining, con- other constituents may include nitro- struction, and similar tasks. Blasting derivatives, such as trinitrotoluene, explosives are assigned to one of five hydrocarbons or aluminum powder. types. In addition to the ingredients The term includes: explosives, emul- listed below for each type, blasting ex- sion; explosives, slurry; and explosives, plosives may also contain inert compo- watergel. nents, such as kieselguhr, and other Explosive, deflagrating. A substance, minor ingredients, such as coloring e.g., propellant, which reacts by defla- agents and stabilizers. gration rather than detonation when Explosive, blasting, type A. Substances ignited and used in its normal manner. consisting of liquid organic nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, or a mixture of Explosive, detonating. A substance such ingredients with one or more of which reacts by detonation rather than the following: nitrocellulose, ammo- deflagration when initiated and used in nium nitrate or other inorganic ni- its normal manner. trates, aromatic nitro-derivatives, or Explosive, extremely insensitive detonat- combustible materials, such as wood- ing substance (EIDS). A substance meal and aluminum powder. Such ex- which, although capable of sustaining a plosives must be in powdery, gelat- detonation, has demonstrated through inous, plastic or elastic form. The term tests that it is so insensitive that there includes dynamite, blasting gelatine is very little probability of accidental and gelatine dynamites. initiation. Explosive, blasting, type B. Substances Explosive, primary. Explosive sub- consisting of a mixture of ammonium stance which is manufactured with a nitrate or other inorganic nitrates view to producing a practical effect by with an explosive, such as trinitro- explosion, is very sensitive to heat, im- toluene, with or without other sub- pact, or friction, and even in very stances, such as wood-meal or alu- small quantities, detonates. The major minum powder, or a mixture of ammo- primary explosives are mercury ful- nium nitrate or other inorganic ni- minate, lead azide, and lead styphnate. trates with other combustible sub- Explosive, secondary. An explosive stances which are not explosive ingre- substance which is relatively insensi- dients. Such explosives may not con- tive (when compared to primary explo- tain nitroglycerin, similar liquid or- sives) and is usually initiated by pri- ganic nitrates, or chlorates. mary explosives with or without the Explosive, blasting, type C. Substances aid of boosters or supplementary consisting of a mixture of either potas- charges. Such an explosive may react sium or sodium chlorate or potassium, as a deflagrating or as a detonating ex- sodium or ammonium perchlorate with plosive. organic nitro-derivatives or combus- Fireworks. Pyrotechnic articles de- tible materials, such as wood-meal or signed for entertainment.
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Flares. Articles containing pyro- Igniters. Articles containing one or technic substances which are designed more explosive substance used to start to illuminate, identify, signal, or warn. deflagration of an explosive train. They The term includes: flares, aerial and may be actuated chemically, elec- flares, surface. trically, or mechanically. The term ex- Flash powder. Pyrotechnic substance cludes: cord, igniter; fuse, igniter; fuse, which, when ignited, produces an in- instantaneous, non-detonating; fuze, tense light. igniting; lighters, fuse, instantaneous, Fracturing devices, explosive, for oil non-detonating; fuzes, igniting; light- wells, without detonators. Articles con- ers, fuse; primers, cap type; and prim- sisting of a charge of detonating explo- ers, tubular. sive contained in a casing without the Ignition, means of. A general term means of initiation. They are used to used in connection with the method fracture the rock around a drill shaft employed to ignite a deflagrating train to assist the flow of crude oil from the of explosive or pyrotechnic substances rock. (for example: a primer for propelling Fuse/Fuze. Although these two words charge, an igniter for a rocket motor have a common origin (French fusee, or an igniting fuze). fusil) and are sometimes considered to Initiation, means of. (1) A device in- be different spellings, it is useful to tended to cause the detonation of an maintain the convention that fuse re- explosive (for example: detonator, det- fers to a cord-like igniting device, onator for ammunition, or detonating whereas fuze refers to a device used in fuze). ammunition which incorporates me- (2) The term with its own means of ini- chanical, electrical, chemical, or hy- tiation means that the contrivance has drostatic components to initiate a its normal initiating device assembled train by deflagration or detonation. to it and this device is considered to Fuse, igniter. Articles consisting of a present a significant risk during trans- metal tube with a core of deflagrating port but not one great enough to be un- explosives. acceptable. The term does not apply, Fuse, instantaneous, non–detonating however, to a contrivance packed to- (Quickmatch). Article consisting of cot- gether with its means of initiation, ton yarns impregnated with fine black provided the device is packaged so as powder. It burns with an external to eliminate the risk of causing deto- flame and is used in ignition trains for nation of the contrivance in the event fireworks, etc. of functioning of the initiating device. Fuse, safety. Article consisting of a The initiating device can even be as- core of fine-grained black powder sur- sembled in the contrivance provided rounded by a flexible woven fabric with there are protective features ensuring one or more protective outer coverings. that the device is very unlikely to When ignited, it burns at a predeter- cause detonation of the contrivance mined rate without any explosive ef- under conditions which are associated fect. with transport. Fuzes. Articles designed to start a (3) For the purposes of classification, detonation or deflagration in ammuni- any means of initiation without two ef- tion. They incorporate mechanical, fective protective features should be electrical, chemical, or hydrostatic regarded as Compatibility Group B; an components and generally protective article with its own means of initi- features. The term includes: Fuzes, det- ation, without two effective protective onating; fuzes detonating with protec- features, is Compatibility Group F. A tive features; and fuzes igniting. means of initiation which itself pos- Grenades, hand or rifle. Articles sesses two effective protective features which are designed to be thrown by is Compatibility Group D, and an arti- hand or to be projected by rifle. The cle with its own means of initiation term includes: grenades, hand or rifle, which possesses two effective features with bursting charge; and grenades, is Compatibility Group D or E. A practice, hand or rifle. The term ex- means of initiation, adjudged as having cludes: grenades, smoke. two effective protective features, must
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be approved by the Associate Adminis- with or without tracer, or may contain trator for Hazardous Materials Safety. a burster, expelling charge or bursting A common and effective way of achiev- charge. The term includes: projectiles, ing the necessary degree of protection inert, with tracer; projectiles, with is to use a means of initiation which burster or expelling charge; and projec- incorporates two or more independent tiles, with bursting charge. safety features. Propellant, liquid. Substances consist- Jet perforating guns, charged, oil well, ing of a deflagrating liquid explosive, without detonator. Articles consisting of used for propulsion. a steel tube or metallic strip, into Propellant, solid. Substances consist- which are inserted shaped charges con- ing of a deflagrating solid explosive, nected by detonating cord, without used for propulsion. means of initiation. Propellants. Deflagrating explosives Lighters, fuse. Articles of various de- used for propulsion or for reducing the sign actuated by friction, percussion, drag of projectiles. or electricity and used to ignite safety Release devices, explosive. Articles fuse. consisting of a small charge of explo- Mass explosion. Explosion which af- sive with means of initiation. They fects almost the entire load virtually sever rods or links to release equip- instantaneously. ment quickly. Mines. Articles consisting normally Rocket motors. Articles consisting of a of metal or composition receptacles solid, liquid, or hypergolic propellant and bursting charge. They are designed contained in a cylinder fitted with one to be operated by the passage of ships, or more nozzles. They are designed to vehicles, or personnel. The term in- propel a rocket or guided missile. The cludes Bangalore torpedoes. term includes: rocket motors; rocket Powder cake (powder paste). Substance motors with hypergolic liquids with or consisting of nitrocellulose impreg- without an expelling charge; and rock- nated with not more than 60 percent of et motors, liquid fuelled. nitroglycerin or other liquid organic Rockets. Articles containing a rocket nitrates or a mixture of these. motor and a payload which may be an Powder, smokeless. Substance based on explosive warhead or other device. The nitrocellulose used as propellant. The term includes: guided missiles; rockets, term includes propellants with a single line-throwing; rockets, liquid fuelled, base (nitrocellulose (NC) alone), those with bursting charge; rockets, with with a double base (such as NC and ni- bursting charge; rockets, with expel- troglycerin (NG)) and those with a tri- ling charge; and rockets, with inert ple base (such as NC/NG/ head. nitroguanidine). Cast pressed or bag- Signals. Articles consisting of pyro- charges of smokeless powder are listed technic substances designed to produce under charges, propelling and charges, signals by means of sound, flame, or propelling for cannon. smoke or any combination thereof. The Primers, cap type. Articles consisting term includes: signal devices, hand; of a metal or plastic cap containing a signals, distress ship; signals, railway small amount of primary explosive track, explosive; signals, smoke. mixture that is readily ignited by im- Sounding devices, explosive. Articles pact. They serve as igniting elements consisting of a charge of detonating ex- in small arms cartridges and in percus- plosive. They are dropped from ships sion primers for propelling charges. and function when they reach a pre- Primers, tubular. Articles consisting determined depth or the sea bed. of a primer for ignition and an auxil- Substance, explosive, very insensitive iary charge of deflagrating explosive, (Substance, EVI) N.O.S. Substances such as black powder, used to ignite which present a mass explosive hazard the propelling charge in a cartridge but which are so insensitive that there case for cannon, etc. is very little probability of initiation, Projectiles. Articles, such as a shell or or of transition from burning to deto- bullet, which are projected from a can- nation under normal conditions of non or other artillery gun, rifle, or transport and which have passed test other small arm. They may be inert, series 5.
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Torpedoes. Articles containing an ex- from making contact with metal pack- plosive or non-explosive propulsion agings. Articles containing explosive system and designed to be propelled substances not enclosed in an outer through water. They may contain an casing must be separated from each inert head or warhead. The term in- other in order to prevent friction and cludes: torpedoes, liquid fuelled, with impact. Padding, trays, partitioning in inert head; torpedoes, liquid fuelled, the inner or outer packaging, molded with or without bursting charge; and plastics or receptacles may be used for torpedoes, with bursting charge. this purpose. Tracers for ammunition. Sealed arti- (4) When the packaging includes cles containing pyrotechnic sub- water that could freeze during trans- stances, designed to reveal the trajec- portation, a sufficient amount of anti- tory of a projectile. freeze, such as denatured ethyl alcohol, Warheads. Articles containing deto- must be added to the water to prevent nating explosives, designed to be fitted freezing. If the anti-freeze creates a to a rocket, guided missile, or torpedo. fire hazard, it may not be used. When a They may contain a burster or expel- percentage of water in the substance is ling charge or bursting charge. The specified, the combined weight of water term includes: warhead rocket with and anti-freeze may be substituted. bursting charge; and warheads, tor- (5) If an article is fitted with its own pedo, with bursting charge. means of ignition or initiation, it must [Amdt. 173–224, 55 FR 52617 Dec. 21, 1990, as be effectively protected from acciden- amended at 56 FR 66267, Dec. 20, 1991; Amdt. tal actuation during normal conditions 173–241, 59 FR 67492, Dec. 29, 1994] of transportation. (6) The entry of explosive substances § 173.60 General packaging require- into the recesses of double-seamed ments for explosives. metal packagings must be prevented. (a) Unless otherwise provided in this (7) The closure device of a metal subpart and in § 173.7(a), packaging drum must include a suitable gasket; if used for Class 1 (explosives) materials the closure device includes metal-to- must meet Packing Group II require- metal screw-threads, the ingress of ex- ments. Each packaging used for an ex- plosive substances into the threading plosive must be capable of meeting the must be prevented. test requirements of subpart M of part (8) Whenever loose explosive sub- 178 of this subchapter, at the specified stances or the explosive substance of level of performance, and the applica- an uncased or partly cased article may ble general packaging requirements of come into contact with the inner sur- paragraph (b) of this section. face of metal packagings (1A2, 1B2, 4A, (b) The general requirements for 4B and metal receptacles), the metal packaging of explosives are as follows: packaging should be provided with an (1) Nails, staples, and other closure inner liner or coating. devices, made of metal, having no pro- (9) Packagings must be made of ma- tective covering may not penetrate to terials compatible with, and imper- the inside of the outer packaging un- meable to, the explosives contained in less the inner packaging adequately the package, so that neither inter- protects the explosive against contact action between the explosives and the with the metal. packaging materials, nor leakage, (2) The closure device of containers causes the explosive to become unsafe for liquid explosives must provide dou- in transportation, or the hazard divi- ble protection against leakage, such as sion or compatibility group to change a screw cap secured in place with tape. (see § 173.24(e)(2)). (3) Inner packagings, fittings, and (10) An explosive article containing cushioning materials, and the placing an electrical means of initiation that of explosive substances or articles in is sensitive to external electro- packages, must be such that the explo- magnetic radiation, must have its sive substance is prevented from be- means of initiation effectively pro- coming loose in the outer packaging tected from electromagnetic radiation during transportation. Metallic compo- sources (for example, radar or radio nents of articles must be prevented transmitters) through either design of
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