ChecklistChecklist ofof WISCONSINWISCONSIN BIRDSBIRDS

Wisconsin DNR–Endangered Resources Natural Resources Foundation of Wisconsin Wisconsin Bird Conservation Initiative Wisconsin Society for Ornithology Wisconsin Department of Tourism Wisconsin Department of Administration Cover illustration courtesy of Kenn Kaufman. Interior illustrations courtesy of Cary Hunkel, Jim McEvoy, Linda Pohlod, and Charles Schwartz. The Great Wisconsin Birding and Nature Trail (GWBNT) Checklist (Second Edition, 2008)

Preface for Second Edition or this Second Edition, we have added 5 species to the FChecklist (Cackling Goose, White-winged Tern, Green- breasted Mango, Rock Wren, Great-tailed Grackle) and deleted one (Streak-backed Oriole) based on input from Bill Mueller, the Wisconsin Society for Ornithology’s Conservation Chair. We also updated other checklist elements to reflect the most current information on Wisconsin birds. Sumner W. Matteson Susan Foote-Martin February 2008

Acknowledgments incere gratitude is extended to the following individuals for Sbringing this project to fruition. Susan Foote-Martin helped guide the project and worked on the GWBNT map. Sumner Matteson utilized three different Wisconsin checklists and Wisconsin Birdlife to develop the checklist, with significant input from Robert Domagalski and Bill Mueller. Randy Hoffman cre- ated succinct definitions to match the habitat types listed at the top of each page. Tim Cooke and Dustin Driese worked with Sumner to compile preliminary and final drafts of the checklist for publication. Robert Domagalski, David Sample, Craig Thompson, Randy Hoffman, William A. Smith, Noel Cutright, and Bill Mueller reviewed the checklist for accuracy and read- ability. Michelle Voss created the checklist’s design and lay-out. Funding for the checklist came from: the Lorraine Holtz Memorial Fund (Seanna Holtz, Deborah Gillespie, and Signe Holtz), Ron Halvorson, Laurie Osterndorf, Bob and Connie Roden, the Natural Resources Foundation of Wisconsin, Al Shea, Steven W. Miller and his best birding pals—daughters, Marcela, Ginger, Debbie, and Kami, and through donations to the Great Wisconsin Birding and Nature Gift Fund. “When dandelions have set the mark of May on Wisconsin pastures, it is time to listen for the final proof of spring. Sit down on a tussock, cock your ears at the sky, dial out the bedlam of meadowlarks and redwings, and soon you may hear it: the flight-song of the upland plover [Upland Sandpiper], just now back from the Argentine.”

—Aldo Leopold, “Back from the Argentine,” A Sand County Almanac A Personal Message from Signe Holtz Director, Bureau of Endangered Resources, Wisconsin DNR

his checklist is a tribute to all of you who love Wisconsin Tbirds and share that love with others—your parents, your children, your grandchildren, nieces and nephews, your students, and your friends. I hope that it helps you in your pursuit of beauty and diversity in this wonderful state of Wisconsin. Please share it with others and use it to help oth- ers find their way to nature. Some people have told me that their parents were instrumental in connecting them to nature; others have said their teachers showed them the way to nature; and others have mentioned their spouse or close friend. As for me, my parents—Lorraine White Holtz and Alfred K. Holtz—were my gateway to nature. My sisters and I hold these memories dear: our forays into the woods of southern Wisconsin to see spring wildflowers, the Purple Martins arriv- ing at my father’s bird house in the spring and treating us to aerial shows all summer, the birds from the north coming to our feeders in the winter. For my father, it was his grade school teacher in Columbus—who also happened to be his Aunt Mary Holtz—who cultivated in him a deep appreciation of the great diversity of bird life in Wisconsin. And for my mother, it was her brother, Donald White, who roamed the pine barrens near Spooner with her. These skills last people a lifetime. In my mother’s last year with us, we went to see Yellow-headed Blackbirds in a marsh near Columbus, and she was delighted to hear their raspy calls. I’m sure that you are grateful, as I am, for the great gift that these lovers of nature have given to us. Please—Pass it on!

1 Notes on Compiling the GWBNT Checklist… e consulted the following sources in compiling this Wchecklist: 1) Wisconsin Birdlife, Population and Distribu- tion, Past and Present (Robbins 1991), 2) The Wisconsin Society for Ornithology’s (WSO) Breeding Bird Atlas (WBBA) (1995- 2000), 3) WSO’s Wisconsin Birds, A Checklist with Migration Graphs, Sixth Edition (Temple et al. 2003), 4) Checklists of Wisconsin Vertebrates (Watermolen and Murrell 2001), and 5) Wisconsin Annotated Checklist (Mueller 2008). The taxonomic order of common bird names follows the Seventh Edition (including 48th Supplement) of the American Ornithologists’ Union’s Check-List of North American Birds (AOU 1998). We occasionally modified subheadings for bird families. We have adopted the official WSO notations for “SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION” and “STATUS”, with some modifications. 1) A solid black dot (G) indicates seasonal occurrences or occurrence as a “Migrant Only” (spring and/or fall migrant, sometimes a winter or summer wanderer). 2) This symbol (1) indicates summer migrants or birds that are possible or rare during “Summer” or “Winter”. 3) A bird species that is considered breeding “Breeds” in the state if it has been documented as nesting more than 1 year in the past 30 years. This includes the WBBA’s “confirmed” and “probable” (useful for secretive nesters) categories, but not older records or lone records (e.g. Black Scoter, Bay-breasted Warbler, Rusty Blackbird, etc.) for the purposes of this checklist. Accordingly, each breeding bird species receives a check mark (). 4) “Regular” means present every year. 5) “Rare” means found annually 8 or fewer times. 6) We have combined “Casual” and “Accidental” species for the purposes of this checklist because of the relative rarity of observing species within this category. Together, birds in this category have been documented once every 1-5 years or less often. We are not including extirpated or hypothetical bird species, or species for which there are nineteenth century records only.

2 BAYFIELD DOUGLAS ASHLAND IRON Lake Superior/North Woods

VILAS WASHBURN SAWYER BURNETT PRICE FOREST FLORENCE ONIEDA

POLK MARINETTE BARRON RUSK I LINCOLN LANGLADE TAYLOR OCONTO CHIPPEWA ST. CROIX DUNN MARATHON MENOMINEE III II CLARK PIERCE EAU CLAIRE SHAWANO DOOR PEPIN WOOD PORTAGE WAUPACA BUFFALO OUTAGAMIE

JACKSON KEWAUNEE BROWN

TREMPEALEAU IV JUNEAU ADAMS MONROE WAUSHARA

LACROSSE CALUMET MANITOWOC GREEN WINNEBAGO Mississippi/ LAKE

Chippewa Rivers VERNON MARQUETTE FOND DU LAC SAUK COLUMBIA DODGE SHEBOYGAN RICHLAND

CRAWFORD

Central OZAUKEE

DANE WASHINGTON Lake Michigan Sands Prairie IOWA JEFFERSON WAUKESHA

GRANT

V MILWAUKEE GREEN RACINE LAFAYETTE ROCK WALWORTH Southern Savanna KENOSHA Great Wisconsin Birding and Nature Trail (GWBNT) Breeding Regions. We have adopted the same habitat codes (“Wet Meadows” added) as presented in WSO’s Checklist (2003) to maintain con- sistency and simplicity, and we have provided definitions for the habitat types presented on pages 4 and 5. As indicated in the Fifth Edition of WSO’s Checklist (1988), habitat types “are to be used as a general guide. Particularly when they are migrating, some species may be encountered in habitats other than those listed. [The] intention has been to describe the typical habitat in which one’s chances of finding the species are greatest.” The map above shows GWBNT Breeding Regions. In the checklist “GWBNT Breeding Region” indicates where a breed- ing bird species occurs. Each GWBNT region is based on a consolidation of the Wisconsin DNR’s map of 16 Ecological Landscapes that are used for planning and implementing con- servation measures in the state. Nearctic-Neotropical migrants are italicized. These are birds with all or part of their populations breeding north of the Tropic of Cancer in Mexico and the Caribbean and all or part of their populations wintering south of that line (Rappole 1995). Sumner W. Matteson and Susan Foote-Martin Bureau of Endangered Resources, Wisconsin DNR

3 Definitions of Habitat Types A. Great Lakes – Open water of Lake Michigan and Lake Superior from the wash zone to deep water.

B. Inland Waters – Open water of lakes and streams.

C. Great Lakes Shores – Beaches (rocky and sand), dunes, bedrock, shoreline woods, bluffs, cliffs, and estuary mudflats.

D. Inland Shores – Areas of sparse vegeta- tion (mudflats, sandbars, gravel, and rock) along the shores of inland streams and lakes.

E. Marshes and/or Wet Meadows – Deep and shallow marshes are open, wet areas with few shrubs and characterized by a mixture of emergent, floating, and sub- merged aquatic vegetation (cattails, sedges, pondweeds, rushes, water lilies, arrowhead, etc.). Deep marshes reach 5-6 feet deep or more and feature open water interspersed with floating vegeta- tion. Wet meadows are transitional between marshes and swamps and fea- ture rushes, sedges, water-loving grasses, ferns, and some cattails.

F. Swamps and Bogs – Forested to open areas that are wet most of the year and typically have tamarack, black spruce, white cedar, black ash, red maple, or low shrubs (alder, willows, leatherleaf, sweet gale, Labrador tea) as dominant species;

4 the groundlayer of bogs is typically cov- ered by sphagnum moss.

G. Grasslands – Grassy areas—from wet to dry—that are mostly open (i.e., with few trees and shrubs). Examples include prairies, old fields, conservation area plant- ings, and pastures.

H. Croplands – Actively managed agricul- tural lands with rotating crops of corn, soybeans, small grains (wheat, oats, barely, rye), and hay, but also including other vegetable and fruit crops.

I. Brushy Areas – Upland or wet areas dominated by shrubs. Includes succes- sional stages from old fields to forest in uplands, or shrubs associated with wetlands.

J. Deciduous Woods – Forest lands with predominant species (oaks, maples, birch, aspen, etc.) that lose their leaves by winter.

K. Coniferous Woods – Forest lands with predominant species (pines, spruce, fir, hemlock) that retain their leaves (nee- dles) throughout the year.

L. Urban Areas – City buildings, industrial areas, residential back yards, clustered rural development areas, parks, cemeteries, manicured corporate lawns and ponds, horticultural plantings, etc.

5 Great Wisconsin Birding I and Nature Trail Regions III I II Lake Superior/North Woods II Mississippi/Chippewa Rivers IV III Lake Michigan IV Central Sands Prairie V Southern Savanna

V SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS

GWBNT y HABITAT BREEDING SPECIES Casual/ TYPE REGION Migrant Accidental Summer Winter Onl Breeds Regular Rare WHISTLING-DUCKS, GEESE, SWANS, DUCKS

Black-bellied Whistling-Duck 1 GGBE Fulvous Whistling-Duck GGBE Greater White-fronted Goose 1 GG ABEH Snow Goose 1 1 GG ABEH Ross’s Goose GGABE Brant G G ABE Cackling Goose GG ABEHL Canada Goose GGG G ABEHL ALL Mute Swan GG  G ABL ALL Trumpeter Swan (E) GG  G ABE I, II, IV Tundra Swan 11GG ABE kWood Duc G 1  G BEF ALL Gadwall G 1  G ABE ALL Eurasian Wigeon GGB American Wigeon G 1  G ABE I, IV, V American Black Duck GG  G ABE ALL Mallard GG  G ABEL ALL Blue-winged Teal G 1  G ABE ALL Cinnamon Teal G G B Northern Shoveler G 1  G ABE ALL

NOTE: Nearctic-Neotropical migrants are italicized. Wisconsin’s Threatened (T) and Endangered (E) Species are bold. 1denotes a summer migrant or a possible/rare summer or winter resident. 6 Habitat Types A. Great Lakes E. Marshes and/or H. Croplands B. Inland Waters Wet Meadows I. Brushy Areas C. Great Lakes Shores F. Swamps and Bogs J. Deciduous Woods D. Inland Shores G. Grasslands K. Coniferous Woods L. Urban Areas

SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS

GWBNT y HABITAT BREEDING SPECIES Casual/ TYPE REGION Migrant Accidental Summer Winter Onl Breeds Regular Rare

Northern Pintail G 1  G ABE I, III, V Green-winged Teal G 1  G ABE ALL Canvasback G 1 G AB Redhead G 1  G ABE ALL Ring-necked Duck G 1  G ABE I, II, IV, V Greater Scaup 1 GG AB Lesser Scaup G 1  G AB I, IV King Eider 1 G G A Common Eider GGAB Harlequin Duck G G A Surf Scoter 1 GG AB White-winged Scoter 1 GG AB Black Scoter 1 GG AB Long-tailed Duck 1 GG AB Bufflehead 1 GG AB Common Goldeneye GG  G AB I, III, V Barrow’s Goldeneye GGA Smew GGA Hooded Merganser G 1  G ABEF ALL Common Merganser GG  G AB I, III, IV Red-breasted Merganser GG  G AB I, III, IV Ruddy Duck GG  G ABE II-V 7 Great Wisconsin Birding I and Nature Trail Regions III I II Lake Superior/North Woods II Mississippi/Chippewa Rivers IV III Lake Michigan IV Central Sands Prairie V Southern Savanna

V SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS

GWBNT y HABITAT BREEDING SPECIES Casual/ TYPE REGION Migrant Accidental Summer Winter Onl Breeds Regular Rare PARTRIDGE, PHEASANT, GROUSE, TURKEY, QUAIL

Gray Partridge GG  G GH ALL Ring-necked Pheasant GG  G EGHI ALL Ruffed Grouse GG  G JK ALL Spruce Grouse (T) GG  G FK I Sharp-tailed Grouse GG  G GI I, II Greater Prairie-Chicken (T) GG  G GH I, IV Wild Turkey GG  G GHIJ ALL Northern Bobwhite GG  G GI II-V LOONS

Red-throated Loon 11GG AB Pacific Loon 1 G G AB Common Loon G 1  G AB I-IV GREBES

Pied-billed Grebe G 1  G BE ALL Horned Grebe G 1 G AB Red-necked Grebe (E) G  G BE ALL Eared Grebe 1 G  G AB II, IV Western Grebe G  G AB IV

NOTE: Nearctic-Neotropical migrants are italicized. Wisconsin’s Threatened (T) and Endangered (E) Species are bold. 1denotes a summer migrant or a possible/rare summer or winter resident. 8 Habitat Types A. Great Lakes E. Marshes and/or H. Croplands B. Inland Waters Wet Meadows I. Brushy Areas C. Great Lakes Shores F. Swamps and Bogs J. Deciduous Woods D. Inland Shores G. Grasslands K. Coniferous Woods L. Urban Areas

SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS

GWBNT y HABITAT BREEDING SPECIES Casual/ TYPE REGION Migrant Accidental Summer Winter Onl Breeds Regular Rare PELICANS

American White Pelican G  G AB III, V Brown Pelican GGAB CORMORANTS

Double-crested Cormorant G 1  G AB ALL DARTERS

Anhinga G G EF FRIGATEBIRDS

Magnificent Frigatebird GGA BITTERNS, HERONS

American Bittern G 1  G EF ALL Least Bittern G  G E ALL Great Blue Heron G 1  G CDEF ALL Great Egret (T) G  G DEF II-V Snowy Egret (E) G  G DE III Little Blue Heron 1 GGDE Tricolored Heron 1 GGBE Cattle Egret G  G DEG I, III, IV Green Heron G  G DEF ALL Black-crowned Night-Heron G 1  G CDEF II-V Yellow-crowned  Night-Heron (T) G G EF IV, V NOTE: Nearctic-Neotropical migrants are italicized. Wisconsin’s Threatened (T) and Endangered (E) Species are bold. 1denotes a summer migrant or a possible/rare summer or winter resident. 9 Great Wisconsin Birding I and Nature Trail Regions III I II Lake Superior/North Woods II Mississippi/Chippewa Rivers IV III Lake Michigan IV Central Sands Prairie V Southern Savanna

V SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS

GWBNT y HABITAT BREEDING SPECIES Casual/ TYPE REGION Migrant Accidental Summer Winter Onl Breeds Regular Rare IBISES

White Ibis GGE Glossy Ibis GGE White-faced Ibis GGE STORKS

Wood Stork GGEF VULTURES

Black Vulture G G GI Turkey Vulture G 1  G GHIJK ALL OSPREY, KITES, EAGLES, HAWKS

Osprey (T) G  G BCDF ALL Swallow-tailed Kite GGE White-tailed Kite G G GI Mississippi Kite GGFGI Bald Eagle GG  G BCDGJ ALL Northern Harrier GG  G EGHI ALL Sharp-shinned Hawk GG  G FIJKL ALL Cooper’s Hawk GG  G IJKL ALL Northern Goshawk GG  G IJK I, II, III, IV Harris’s Hawk G G IJ Red-shouldered Hawk (T) GG  G FJK ALL

NOTE: Nearctic-Neotropical migrants are italicized. Wisconsin’s Threatened (T) and Endangered (E) Species are bold. 1denotes a summer migrant or a possible/rare summer or winter resident. 10 Habitat Types A. Great Lakes E. Marshes and/or H. Croplands B. Inland Waters Wet Meadows I. Brushy Areas C. Great Lakes Shores F. Swamps and Bogs J. Deciduous Woods D. Inland Shores G. Grasslands K. Coniferous Woods L. Urban Areas

SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS

GWBNT y HABITAT BREEDING SPECIES Casual/ TYPE REGION Migrant Accidental Summer Winter Onl Breeds Regular Rare

Broad-winged Hawk G  G IJK ALL Swainson’s Hawk GGGHIJ Red-tailed Hawk GG  G GIJKL ALL Ferruginous Hawk 1 GGGH Rough-legged Hawk 1 GG EGH Golden Eagle 1 G GHIJ FALCONS

American Kestrel GG  G GHIL ALL Merlin G 1  G CDFGIKL I, III Gyrfalcon GGCGHI Peregrine Falcon (E) GG  G CDGHL I, II, III, V RAILS, GALLINULES, COOTS

Yellow Rail (T) G  G EF I, III, IV Black Rail GGE King Rail G  G E IV, V Virginia Rail G 1  G E ALL Sora G 1  G E ALL Purple Gallinule G G E Common Moorhen G  G E II-V American Coot GG  G ABE ALL

NOTE: Nearctic-Neotropical migrants are italicized. Wisconsin’s Threatened (T) and Endangered (E) Species are bold. 1denotes a summer migrant or a possible/rare summer or winter resident. 11 Great Wisconsin Birding I and Nature Trail Regions III I II Lake Superior/North Woods II Mississippi/Chippewa Rivers IV III Lake Michigan IV Central Sands Prairie V Southern Savanna

V SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS

GWBNT y HABITAT BREEDING SPECIES Casual/ TYPE REGION Migrant Accidental Summer Winter Onl Breeds Regular Rare CRANES

Sandhill Crane G 1  G EGH ALL Whooping Crane** G  G EGH PLOVERS

Black-bellied Plover 1 GG CD American Golden Plover 1 GG CDGH Snowy Plover G G C Semipalmated Plover 1 GG CD Piping Plover (E) G  G CD II, III Killdeer G 1  G CDGHL ALL STILTS, AVOCETS

Black-necked Stilt 1 GGE American Avocet 1 G G CD SANDPIPERS

Greater Yellowlegs 1 GG CDE Lesser Yellowlegs 1 GG CDE Solitary Sandpiper 1 GG CDF Willet 1 GG CD Spotted Sandpiper G  G CD ALL Upland Sandpiper G  G GH ALL Whimbrel 1 GGCD

NOTE: Nearctic-Neotropical migrants are italicized. Wisconsin’s Threatened (T) and Endangered (E) Species are bold. 1denotes a summer migrant or a possible/rare summer or winter resident. **Recently reintroduced. 12 Habitat Types A. Great Lakes E. Marshes and/or H. Croplands B. Inland Waters Wet Meadows I. Brushy Areas C. Great Lakes Shores F. Swamps and Bogs J. Deciduous Woods D. Inland Shores G. Grasslands K. Coniferous Woods L. Urban Areas

SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS

GWBNT y HABITAT BREEDING SPECIES Casual/ TYPE REGION Migrant Accidental Summer Winter Onl Breeds Regular Rare

Long-billed Curlew GGCD Hudsonian Godwit 1 GG CD Marbled Godwit 1 GG CD Ruddy Turnstone 1 GG CDG Blac k Turnstone G G CD Red Knot 1 GG CD Sanderling 1 GG CD Semipalmated Sandpiper 1 GG CD Western Sandpiper 1 GGCD Least Sandpiper 1 GG CD White-rumped Sandpiper 1 GG CD Baird’s Sandpiper 1 GG CDG Pectoral Sandpiper 1 GG CDGH Purple Sandpiper 1 G G C Dunlin 1 GG CD Curlew Sandpiper GGD Stilt Sandpiper 1 GG CD Buff-breasted Sandpiper GGG Ruff GGD Short-billed Dowitcher 1 GG CD Long-billed Dowitcher 1 GG CD

NOTE: Nearctic-Neotropical migrants are italicized. Wisconsin’s Threatened (T) and Endangered (E) Species are bold. 1denotes a summer migrant or a possible/rare summer or winter resident. 13 Great Wisconsin Birding I and Nature Trail Regions III I II Lake Superior/North Woods II Mississippi/Chippewa Rivers IV III Lake Michigan IV Central Sands Prairie V Southern Savanna

V SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS

GWBNT y HABITAT BREEDING SPECIES Casual/ TYPE REGION Migrant Accidental Summer Winter Onl Breeds Regular Rare

SANDPIPERS continued

Wilson’s Snipe G 1  G CDEF ALL American Woodcock G  G FIJ ALL Wilson’s Phalarope G  G DE I, III, IV, V Red-necked Phalarope 1 GG ACD Red Phalarope GGA GULLS, TERNS

Laughing Gull 1 G G A Franklin’s Gull 1 GG ABH Little Gull G  G AC III Black-headed Gull 1 G G CD Bonaparte’s Gull G 1  G AB I, III Black-tailed Gull G G AC Mew Gull GGAC Ring-billed Gull GG  G ABH ALL California Gull GGAB Herring Gull GG  G AB I, III, IV, V Thayer’s Gull GG AC Iceland Gull GGAC Lesser Black-backed Gull 1 G G AC Glaucous-winged Gull GGA

NOTE: Nearctic-Neotropical migrants are italicized. Wisconsin’s Threatened (T) and Endangered (E) Species are bold. 1denotes a summer migrant or a possible/rare summer or winter resident. 14 Habitat Types A. Great Lakes E. Marshes and/or H. Croplands B. Inland Waters Wet Meadows I. Brushy Areas C. Great Lakes Shores F. Swamps and Bogs J. Deciduous Woods D. Inland Shores G. Grasslands K. Coniferous Woods L. Urban Areas

SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS

GWBNT y HABITAT BREEDING SPECIES Casual/ TYPE REGION Migrant Accidental Summer Winter Onl Breeds Regular Rare

Glaucous Gull 1 GG AC Great Black-backed Gull GG  G AC III Sabine’s Gull GGA Black-legged Kittiwake GGAB Ross’s Gull GGA Iv ory Gull G G ABCD Caspian Tern (E) G  G AB III Royal Tern GGAC Common Tern (E) G  G ABCE I, III, IV, V Arctic Tern GGAC Forster’s Tern (E) G  G ABCE II-V Least Tern GGABC Sooty Tern GGAB White-winged Tern GGAB Black Tern G  G ABE ALL JAEGERS

Pomarine Jaeger G G AC Parasitic Jaeger GGAC Long-tailed Jaeger G G AC ALCIDS

Do vekie G G A Ancient Murrelet GGAB 15 Great Wisconsin Birding I and Nature Trail Regions III I II Lake Superior/North Woods II Mississippi/Chippewa Rivers IV III Lake Michigan IV Central Sands Prairie V Southern Savanna

V SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS

GWBNT y HABITAT BREEDING SPECIES Casual/ TYPE REGION Migrant Accidental Summer Winter Onl Breeds Regular Rare PIGEONS, DOVES

Rock Pigeon GG  G HL ALL Band-tailed Pigeon GGHJ Eurasian Collared-Dove GG G L White-winged Dove G G H Mourning Dove GG  G GHIL ALL Common Ground-Dove G G H CUCKOOS, ANIS

Yellow-billed Cuckoo G  G IJ ALL Black-billed Cuckoo G  G IJ ALL Groo ve-billed Ani G G I BARN OWLS

Barn Owl (E) GG  G EGIL I, II, IV, V OWLS

Eastern Screech-Owl GG  G JL ALL Great Horned Owl GG  G FJK ALL Snowy Owl 1 GGCDEG Northern Hawk Owl GGJK Burrowing Owl GGGH Barred Owl GG  G FJK ALL Great Gray Owl GG  G IJK I

NOTE: Nearctic-Neotropical migrants are italicized. Wisconsin’s Threatened (T) and Endangered (E) Species are bold. 1denotes a summer migrant or a possible/rare summer or winter resident. 16 Habitat Types A. Great Lakes E. Marshes and/or H. Croplands B. Inland Waters Wet Meadows I. Brushy Areas C. Great Lakes Shores F. Swamps and Bogs J. Deciduous Woods D. Inland Shores G. Grasslands K. Coniferous Woods L. Urban Areas

SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS

GWBNT y HABITAT BREEDING SPECIES Casual/ TYPE REGION Migrant Accidental Summer Winter Onl Breeds Regular Rare

Long-eared Owl GG  G JK ALL Short-eared Owl GG  G EFGHI I, IV Boreal Owl GGJK Northern Saw-whet Owl GG  G FJK I, II, IV, V NIGHTJARS

Common Nighthawk G  G GHL ALL Chuck-will’s-widow GGJ Whip-poor-will G  G IJ ALL SWIFTS

Chimney Swift G  G FJKL ALL HUMMINGBIRDS

Green Violet-ear GGL Green-breasted Mango 1 G L Broad-billed Hummingbird G G L Ruby-throated Hummingbird G  G IJL ALL Anna’s Hummingbird G G L Rufous Hummingbird G G L KINGFISHERS

Belted Kingfisher GG  G DEF ALL WOODPECKERS

Lewis’s Woodpecker GGJ Red-headed Woodpecker GG  G IJL ALL 17 Great Wisconsin Birding I and Nature Trail Regions III I II Lake Superior/North Woods II Mississippi/Chippewa Rivers IV III Lake Michigan IV Central Sands Prairie V Southern Savanna

V SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS

GWBNT y HABITAT BREEDING SPECIES Casual/ TYPE REGION Migrant Accidental Summer Winter Onl Breeds Regular Rare

WOODPECKERS continued

Red-bellied Woodpecker GG  G FJL ALL Yellow-bellied Sapsucker GG  G JKL ALL Downy Woodpecker GG  G FIJKL ALL Hair y Woodpecker GG  G IJKL ALL Am. Three-toed Woodpecker GGFK Black-backed Woodpecker GG  G FK I Northern Flicker GG  G FGHIJL ALL Pileated Woodpecker GG  G FJK ALL FLYCATCHERS

Olive-sided Flycatcher G  G FJK I, III Western Wood-Pewee GGJK Easter n Wood-Pewee G  G IJK ALL Yellow-bellied Flycatcher G  G FJK I, III, IV Acadian Flycatcher (T) G  G J II-V Alder Flycatcher G  G FI ALL Willow Flycatcher G  G FI ALL Least Flycatcher G  G IJ ALL Dusky Flycatcher GGIJ Eastern Phoebe G  G DIKL ALL Say’s Phoebe GGDIL

NOTE: Nearctic-Neotropical migrants are italicized. Wisconsin’s Threatened (T) and Endangered (E) Species are bold. 1denotes a summer migrant or a possible/rare summer or winter resident. 18 Habitat Types A. Great Lakes E. Marshes and/or H. Croplands B. Inland Waters Wet Meadows I. Brushy Areas C. Great Lakes Shores F. Swamps and Bogs J. Deciduous Woods D. Inland Shores G. Grasslands K. Coniferous Woods L. Urban Areas

SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS

GWBNT y HABITAT BREEDING SPECIES Casual/ TYPE REGION Migrant Accidental Summer Winter Onl Breeds Regular Rare

Vermilion Flycatcher GGI Ash-throated Flycatcher GGI Great Crested Flycatcher G  G IJ ALL Western Kingbird G  G IV Eastern Kingbird G  G DGI ALL Scissor-tailed Flycatcher GGGI Fork-tailed Flycatcher GGI SHRIKES

Loggerhead Shrike (E) G  G GI ALL Northern Shrike G G GHI VIREOS

White-eyed Vireo G  G IJ II, III, V Bell’s Vireo (T) G  G I II-V Gray Vireo G G IJ Yellow-throated Vireo G  G J ALL Blue-headed Vireo G  G FJK ALL Warbling Vireo G  G DJL ALL Philadelphia Vireo 1  G IJ I, II Red-eyed Vireo G  G IJKL ALL JAYS, CROWS

Gray Jay 1 G  G FK I, IV

NOTE: Nearctic-Neotropical migrants are italicized. Wisconsin’s Threatened (T) and Endangered (E) Species are bold. 1denotes a summer migrant or a possible/rare summer or winter resident. 19 Great Wisconsin Birding I and Nature Trail Regions III I II Lake Superior/North Woods II Mississippi/Chippewa Rivers IV III Lake Michigan IV Central Sands Prairie V Southern Savanna

V SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS

GWBNT y HABITAT BREEDING SPECIES Casual/ TYPE REGION Migrant Accidental Summer Winter Onl Breeds Regular Rare

JAYS, CROWS continued

Blue Jay GG  G IJKL ALL Clark’s Nutcracker GGIJ Black-billed Magpie 1 GGGHI American Crow GG  G GHIJKL ALL Common Raven GG  G GHIJK I-IV LARKS

Horned Lark GG  G GH ALL SWALLOWS

Pur ple Martin G  G CDL ALL Tree Swallow G  G CDEFGH ALL Northern  Rough-winged Swallow G G CDG ALL Bank Swallow G  G CDG ALL Cliff Swallow G  G CDGHL ALL Barn Swallow G  G CDEGH ALL CHICKADEES, TITMICE

Black-capped Chickadee GG  G IJKL ALL Boreal Chickadee 1 G  G FK I Tufted Titmouse GG  G JL ALL NUTHATCHES

Red-breasted Nuthatch GG  G KL ALL

NOTE: Nearctic-Neotropical migrants are italicized. Wisconsin’s Threatened (T) and Endangered (E) Species are bold. 1denotes a summer migrant or a possible/rare summer or winter resident. 20 Habitat Types A. Great Lakes E. Marshes and/or H. Croplands B. Inland Waters Wet Meadows I. Brushy Areas C. Great Lakes Shores F. Swamps and Bogs J. Deciduous Woods D. Inland Shores G. Grasslands K. Coniferous Woods L. Urban Areas

SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS

GWBNT y HABITAT BREEDING SPECIES Casual/ TYPE REGION Migrant Accidental Summer Winter Onl Breeds Regular Rare

White-breasted Nuthatch GG  G JL ALL Brown-headed Nuthatch GGK CREEPERS

Brown Creeper GG  G JKL ALL WRENS

Rock Wren GGIL Carolina Wren GG  G IL II-V Bewick’s Wren (E) GGI House Wren G  G IJL ALL Winter Wren G 1  G DFIK ALL Sedge Wren G  G EG ALL Marsh Wren G  G E ALL KINGLETS

Golden-crowned Kinglet GG  G FJK ALL Ruby-crowned Kinglet G 1  G IJK I-III GNATCA TCHERS

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher G  G J ALL THRUSHES

Eastern Bluebird G 1  G GHI ALL Mountain Bluebird GGGH Townsend’s Solitaire GGIJKL

NOTE: Nearctic-Neotropical migrants are italicized. Wisconsin’s Threatened (T) and Endangered (E) Species are bold. 1denotes a summer migrant or a possible/rare summer or winter resident. 21 Great Wisconsin Birding I and Nature Trail Regions III I II Lake Superior/North Woods II Mississippi/Chippewa Rivers IV III Lake Michigan IV Central Sands Prairie V Southern Savanna

V SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS

GWBNT y HABITAT BREEDING SPECIES Casual/ TYPE REGION Migrant Accidental Summer Winter Onl Breeds Regular Rare

THRUSHES continued

Veery G  G FIJ ALL Gray-cheeked Thrush GG IJ Swainson’s Thrush G  G FIJK I, III, V Hermit Thrush G 1  G FJK I-IV Wood Thrush G  G JL ALL American Robin GG  G GHIJL ALL Varied Thrush G G IL MIMIC THRUSHES

Gray Catbird G 1  G FIL ALL Nor thern Mockingbird 1 1  G IL ALL Sage Thrasher GGI Bro wn Thrasher G 1  G IL ALL Curve-billed Thrasher GG G IL STARLINGS

European Starling GG  G FGHL ALL PIPITS

American Pipit GG DH WAXWINGS

Bohemian Waxwing G G IJKL Cedar Waxwing GG  G IJL ALL

NOTE: Nearctic-Neotropical migrants are italicized. Wisconsin’s Threatened (T) and Endangered (E) Species are bold. 1denotes a summer migrant or a possible/rare summer or winter resident. 22 Habitat Types A. Great Lakes E. Marshes and/or H. Croplands B. Inland Waters Wet Meadows I. Brushy Areas C. Great Lakes Shores F. Swamps and Bogs J. Deciduous Woods D. Inland Shores G. Grasslands K. Coniferous Woods L. Urban Areas

SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS

GWBNT y HABITAT BREEDING SPECIES Casual/ TYPE REGION Migrant Accidental Summer Winter Onl Breeds Regular Rare SILKY-FLYCATCHERS

Phainopepla GGIL WARBLERS

Blue-winged Warbler G  G IJ ALL Golden-winged Warbler G  G FIJK ALL Tennessee Warbler G  G IJK I, III Orange-crowned Warbler GG IJ Nashville Warbler G  G FIJK ALL Northern Parula G  G JK I, III, IV, V Y ellow Warbler G  G DEFIJL ALL Chestnut-sided Warbler G  G IJ ALL Magnolia Warbler G  G FIJK I, II, III, V Cape May Warbler G  G FJK I, III Black-throated Blue Warbler G  G IJK I, III, IV Yellow-rumped Warbler G 1  G FIJK ALL Black-throated Gray Warbler GGIJK

Black-throated Green Warbler G  G FJK ALL Townsend’s Warbler GGJK Hermit Warbler GGK Blackburnian Warbler G  G FJK ALL Yellow-throated Warbler (E) G 1  G JK II, III, V

NOTE: Nearctic-Neotropical migrants are italicized. Wisconsin’s Threatened (T) and Endangered (E) Species are bold. 1denotes a summer migrant or a possible/rare summer or winter resident. 23 Great Wisconsin Birding I and Nature Trail Regions III I II Lake Superior/North Woods II Mississippi/Chippewa Rivers IV III Lake Michigan IV Central Sands Prairie V Southern Savanna

V SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS

GWBNT y HABITAT BREEDING SPECIES Casual/ TYPE REGION Migrant Accidental Summer Winter Onl Breeds Regular Rare

WARBLERS continued

Pine Warbler G  G K ALL Kirtland’s Warbler G  G K I, III, IV Prairie Warbler G  G IJ II-V P alm Warbler G  G FGIJ I, IV Bay-breasted Warbler 1 GG JK Blackpoll Warbler GG JK Cerulean Warbler (T) G  G J ALL Black-and-white Warbler G  G IJK ALL American Redstart G  G CDIJK ALL Prothonotary Warbler G  G DF I, II, IV, V Worm-eating Warbler (E) G  G IJ II, V Sw ainson’s Warbler G G FI Ovenbird G  G FIJK ALL Northern Waterthrush G  G DFJK ALL Louisiana Waterthrush G  G DJ ALL Kentucky Warbler (T) G  G IJ II-V Connecticut Warbler G  G FJK I, II, IV Mourning Warbler G  G FIJ ALL MacGillivray’s Warbler G G I Common Yellowthroat G  G CDEFGI ALL

NOTE: Nearctic-Neotropical migrants are italicized. Wisconsin’s Threatened (T) and Endangered (E) Species are bold. 1denotes a summer migrant or a possible/rare summer or winter resident. 24 Habitat Types A. Great Lakes E. Marshes and/or H. Croplands B. Inland Waters Wet Meadows I. Brushy Areas C. Great Lakes Shores F. Swamps and Bogs J. Deciduous Woods D. Inland Shores G. Grasslands K. Coniferous Woods L. Urban Areas

SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS

GWBNT y HABITAT BREEDING SPECIES Casual/ TYPE REGION Migrant Accidental Summer Winter Onl Breeds Regular Rare

Hooded Warbler (T) G  G J II-V Wilson’s Warbler G  G IJK I Canada Warbler G  G FIJK ALL Yellow-breasted Chat G  G I ALL TANAGERS

Summer Tanager G G J Scarlet Tanager G  G J ALL Western Tanager G G J SPARROWS

Green-tailed Towhee GGI Spotted Towhee 1 GGI Eastern Towhee G 1  G IJ ALL Rufous-crowned Sparrow GGI American Tree Sparrow G G EGHI Chipping Sparrow G 1  G GIKL ALL Clay-colored Sparrow G  G I ALL Field Sparrow G 1  G GI ALL Vesper Sparrow G 1  G GHI ALL Lark Sparrow G  G GI II, IV,V Black-throated Sparrow G G L Lark Bunting GGGI

NOTE: Nearctic-Neotropical migrants are italicized. Wisconsin’s Threatened (T) and Endangered (E) Species are bold. 1denotes a summer migrant or a possible/rare summer or winter resident. 25 Great Wisconsin Birding I and Nature Trail Regions III I II Lake Superior/North Woods II Mississippi/Chippewa Rivers IV III Lake Michigan IV Central Sands Prairie V Southern Savanna

V SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS

GWBNT y HABITAT BREEDING SPECIES Casual/ TYPE REGION Migrant Accidental Summer Winter Onl Breeds Regular Rare

SPARROWS continued

Savannah Sparrow G 1  G EGH ALL Grasshopper Sparrow G  G G ALL Baird’s Sparrow GGG Henslow’s Sparrow (T) G  G G ALL Le Conte’s Sparrow G  G EGH I-IV Nelson’s Sharp-tailed Sparrow G  G EI Fox Sparrow 1 GG IJL Song Sparrow GG  G DEFGIL ALL Lincoln’s Sparrow G 1  G EFI I-IV Swamp Sparrow G 1  G EFI ALL White-throated Sparrow GG  G FIJKL ALL Harr is’s Sparrow G G I White-crowned Sparrow 1 GG I Golden-crowned Sparrow GGI Dark-eyed Junco GG  G FGHIKL I, IV Lapland Longspur GG DGH Smith’s Longspur GGGH Chestnut-collared Longspur GGH Snow Bunting G G GH

NOTE: Nearctic-Neotropical migrants are italicized. Wisconsin’s Threatened (T) and Endangered (E) Species are bold. 1denotes a summer migrant or a possible/rare summer or winter resident. 26 Habitat Types A. Great Lakes E. Marshes and/or H. Croplands B. Inland Waters Wet Meadows I. Brushy Areas C. Great Lakes Shores F. Swamps and Bogs J. Deciduous Woods D. Inland Shores G. Grasslands K. Coniferous Woods L. Urban Areas

SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS

GWBNT y HABITAT BREEDING SPECIES Casual/ TYPE REGION Migrant Accidental Summer Winter Onl Breeds Regular Rare CARDINAL-GROSBEAKS

Northern Cardinal GG  G IJL ALL Rose-breasted Grosbeak G 1  G JIL ALL Black-headed Grosbeak GGIJ Blue Grosbeak G G IJ Lazuli Bunting GGJ Indigo Bunting G  G IJ ALL Painted Bunting G G J Dickcissel G  G GHI ALL BLACKBIRDS

Bobolink G  G EGH ALL Red-winged Blackbird GG  G DEFGHIL ALL Eastern Meadowlark G 1  G GHI ALL Western Meadowlark G 1  G GH ALL Yellow-headed Blackbird G 1  G E ALL Rusty Blackbird G 1 G EFGI Brewer’s Blackbird G 1  G EGHI ALL Common Grackle GG  G EHIL ALL Great-tailed Grackle 1 G H Brown-headed Cowbird GG  G GHIJ ALL Orchard Oriole G  G IJL ALL

NOTE: Nearctic-Neotropical migrants are italicized. Wisconsin’s Threatened (T) and Endangered (E) Species are bold. 1denotes a summer migrant or a possible/rare summer or winter resident. 27 Great Wisconsin Birding I and Nature Trail Regions III I II Lake Superior/North Woods II Mississippi/Chippewa Rivers IV III Lake Michigan IV Central Sands Prairie V Southern Savanna

V SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION STATUS

GWBNT y HABITAT BREEDING SPECIES Casual/ TYPE REGION Migrant Accidental Summer Winter Onl Breeds Regular Rare

BLACKBIRDS continued

Baltimore Oriole G 1  G IJL ALL Bullock’s Oriole GGJL Scott’s Oriole GGJL FINCHES

Brambling GGI Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch G G L Pine Grosbeak G G FIJKL Purple Finch GG  G FJKL ALL House Finch GG  G HL ALL Red Crossbill 1 G  G FKL I, IV, V White-winged Crossbill 1 G  G FKL I, IV Common Redpoll G G GHIJL Hoary Redpoll 1 G GHIJL Pine Siskin 1 G  G FIJKL ALL American Goldfinch GG  G GHIL ALL Evening Grosbeak GG  G FIJKL I, III, IV OLD WORLD SPARROWS

House Sparrow GG  G HIL ALL Eurasian Tree Sparrow G G L

NOTE: Nearctic-Neotropical migrants are italicized. Wisconsin’s Threatened (T) and Endangered (E) Species are bold. 1denotes a summer migrant or a possible/rare summer or winter resident. 28 Literature Cited American Ornithologists’ Union. 1998. The A.O.U. check- list of North American birds. Seventh edition (including 48th Supplement, 2007). American Ornithologists’ Union. Washington, DC. Barger, N.R., S.D. Robbins, Jr., and S.A. Temple. 1988. Wisconsin birds: a checklist with migration graphs. Fifth edi- tion. Wisconsin Society for Ornithology, Inc. Mueller, W.P. 2008. Wisconsin annotated checklist. Wis- consin Society for Ornithology, Inc. 7 pp. Rappole, J.H. 1995. The ecology of migrant birds, a Neo- tropical perspective. 1995. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London. Robbins, S.D., Jr. 1991. Wisconsin birdlife: population & dis- tribution, past and present. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison. Temple, S.A., R.C. Domagalski, and J.R. Cary. 2003. Wis- consin birds: a checklist with migration graphs. Sixth edition. Wisconsin Society for Ornithology, Inc. Watermolen, D.J. and M.D. Murrell. 2001. Checklists of Wisconsin vertebrates. B ureau of Integrated Science Services, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 50 pp.

29 Notes & Sketches

30 For further information on the Great Wisconsin Birding and Nature Trail, contact Susan Foote-Martin with the DNR’s Bureau of Endangered Resources at 608-266-0545 or [email protected]. Additional information can be found at wisconsinbirds.org. For additional copies contact the DNR’s Bureau of Endangered Resources at 608-266-7012 or [email protected]

The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources provides equal opportunity in its employment, programs, services, and functions under an Affirmative Action Plan. If you have any questions, please write to Equal Opportunity Office, Department of Interior, Washington, DC 20240. This publication is available in alternative format (large print, Braille, audio tape, etc.) upon request. Please call (608) 266-7012 for more information. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Bureau of Endangered Resources P.O. Box 7921, Madison, WI 53707

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