MAGNIFICENT FRIGATEBIRD Fregata Magnificens
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Red-Footed Booby Helper at Great Frigatebird Nests
264 SHORT COMMUNICATIONS NECTS MEANS ECTS MEANS ICATE SAMPLE SIZE S.D. SAMPLE SIZE 70 IN DAYS FIGURE 2. Culmen length against age of Brown FIGURE 1. Weight against age of Brown Noddy Noddy chicks on Manana Island, Hawaii in 1972. chicks on Manana Island, Hawaii in 1972. about the thirty-fifth day; apparently Brown Noddies on Christmas Island grow more rapidly than those on 5.26 g/day (SD = 1.18 g/day), and chick growth rate Manana. More data are required for a refined analysis and fledging age were negatively correlated (r = of intraspecific variation in growth rates of Brown -0.490, N = 19, P < 0.05). Noddy young. Seventeen of the chicks were weighed both at the This paper is based upon my doctoral dissertation age of fledging and from 3 to 12 days later; there was submitted to the University of Hawaii. I thank An- no significant recession in weight after fledging (t = drew J. Berger for guidance and criticism. The 1.17, P > 0.2), as suggested for certain terns (e.g., Hawaii State Division of Fish and Game kindly LeCroy and LeCroy 1974, Bird-Banding 45:326). granted me permission to work on Manana. This Dorward and Ashmole (1963, Ibis 103b: 447) mea- study was supported by the Department of Zoology sured growth in weight and culmen length of Brown of the University of Hawaii, by an NSF Graduate Noddies on Ascension Island in the Atlantic; scatter Fellowship, and by a Mount Holyoke College Faculty diagrams of their data indicate growth functions very Grant. -
Kendall Birds
Kendall-Frost Reserve Breeding Common Name Scientific Name Regulatory Status Status Waterfowl - Family Anatidae Brant Branta bernicla W Special Concern Gadwall Ana strepera W American Wigeon Anas americana W Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Y Cinnamon Teal Anas cyanoptera W Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata W Northern Pintail Anas acuta W Green-winged Teal Anas crecca W Redhead Aythya americana W Lesser Scaup Aythya affinis W Bufflehead Bucephala albeola W Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator W Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis W Loons - Family Gaviidae Common Loon Gavia immer W Special Concern Grebes - Family Podicipedidae Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps W Horned Grebe Podiceps auritus W Eared Grebe Podiceps nigricollis W Western Grebe Aechmophorus occidentalis W Clark's Grebe Aechmophorus clarkii W Pelicans - Family Pelecanidae Brown Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis Y Endangered Frigatebirds - Family Fregatidae Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens X Cormorants - Family Phalacrocoracide Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus Y Herons and Bitterns - Family Ardeidae Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias Y Great Egret Ardea alba Y Snowy Egret Egretta thula Y Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea Y Green Heron Butorides virescens Y Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax Y Hawks, Kites and Eagles - Family Accipitridae Osprey Pandion haliaetus Y White-tailed Kite Elanus leucurus W Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus W Special Concern Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperii Y Red-shouldered Hawk Buteo lineatus Y Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis -
How Seabirds Plunge-Dive Without Injuries
How seabirds plunge-dive without injuries Brian Changa,1, Matthew Crosona,1, Lorian Strakerb,c,1, Sean Garta, Carla Doveb, John Gerwind, and Sunghwan Junga,2 aDepartment of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061; bNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560; cSetor de Ornitologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro RJ 20940-040, Brazil; and dNorth Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27601 Edited by David A. Weitz, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved August 30, 2016 (received for review May 27, 2016) In nature, several seabirds (e.g., gannets and boobies) dive into wa- From a mechanics standpoint, an axial force acting on a slender ter at up to 24 m/s as a hunting mechanism; furthermore, gannets body may lead to mechanical failure on the body, otherwise known and boobies have a slender neck, which is potentially the weakest as buckling. Therefore, under compressive loads, the neck is po- part of the body under compression during high-speed impact. In tentially the weakest part of the northern gannet due to its long this work, we investigate the stability of the bird’s neck during and slender geometry. Still, northern gannets impact the water at plunge-diving by understanding the interaction between the fluid up to 24 m/s without injuries (18) (see SI Appendix, Table S1 for forces acting on the head and the flexibility of the neck. First, we estimated speeds). The only reported injuries from plunge-diving use a salvaged bird to identify plunge-diving phases. -
Tinamiformes – Falconiformes
LIST OF THE 2,008 BIRD SPECIES (WITH SCIENTIFIC AND ENGLISH NAMES) KNOWN FROM THE A.O.U. CHECK-LIST AREA. Notes: "(A)" = accidental/casualin A.O.U. area; "(H)" -- recordedin A.O.U. area only from Hawaii; "(I)" = introducedinto A.O.U. area; "(N)" = has not bred in A.O.U. area but occursregularly as nonbreedingvisitor; "?" precedingname = extinct. TINAMIFORMES TINAMIDAE Tinamus major Great Tinamou. Nothocercusbonapartei Highland Tinamou. Crypturellus soui Little Tinamou. Crypturelluscinnamomeus Thicket Tinamou. Crypturellusboucardi Slaty-breastedTinamou. Crypturellus kerriae Choco Tinamou. GAVIIFORMES GAVIIDAE Gavia stellata Red-throated Loon. Gavia arctica Arctic Loon. Gavia pacifica Pacific Loon. Gavia immer Common Loon. Gavia adamsii Yellow-billed Loon. PODICIPEDIFORMES PODICIPEDIDAE Tachybaptusdominicus Least Grebe. Podilymbuspodiceps Pied-billed Grebe. ?Podilymbusgigas Atitlan Grebe. Podicepsauritus Horned Grebe. Podicepsgrisegena Red-neckedGrebe. Podicepsnigricollis Eared Grebe. Aechmophorusoccidentalis Western Grebe. Aechmophorusclarkii Clark's Grebe. PROCELLARIIFORMES DIOMEDEIDAE Thalassarchechlororhynchos Yellow-nosed Albatross. (A) Thalassarchecauta Shy Albatross.(A) Thalassarchemelanophris Black-browed Albatross. (A) Phoebetriapalpebrata Light-mantled Albatross. (A) Diomedea exulans WanderingAlbatross. (A) Phoebastriaimmutabilis Laysan Albatross. Phoebastrianigripes Black-lootedAlbatross. Phoebastriaalbatrus Short-tailedAlbatross. (N) PROCELLARIIDAE Fulmarus glacialis Northern Fulmar. Pterodroma neglecta KermadecPetrel. (A) Pterodroma -
Updating the Seabird Fauna of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia
Tirtaningtyas & Yordan: Seabirds of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia, update 11 UPDATING THE SEABIRD FAUNA OF JAKARTA BAY, INDONESIA FRANSISCA N. TIRTANINGTYAS¹ & KHALEB YORDAN² ¹ Burung Laut Indonesia, Depok, East Java 16421, Indonesia ([email protected]) ² Jakarta Birder, Jl. Betung 1/161, Pondok Bambu, East Jakarta 13430, Indonesia Received 17 August 2016, accepted 20 October 2016 ABSTRACT TIRTANINGTYAS, F.N. & YORDAN, K. 2017. Updating the seabird fauna of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Marine Ornithology 45: 11–16. Jakarta Bay, with an area of about 490 km2, is located at the edge of the Sunda Straits between Java and Sumatra, positioned on the Java coast between the capes of Tanjung Pasir in the west and Tanjung Karawang in the east. Its marine avifauna has been little studied. The ecology of the area is under threat owing to 1) Jakarta’s Governor Regulation No. 121/2012 zoning the northern coastal area of Jakarta for development through the creation of new islands or reclamation; 2) the condition of Jakarta’s rivers, which are becoming more heavily polluted from increasing domestic and industrial waste flowing into the bay; and 3) other factors such as incidental take. Because of these factors, it is useful to update knowledge of the seabird fauna of Jakarta Bay, part of the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. In 2011–2014 we conducted surveys to quantify seabird occurrence in the area. We identified 18 seabird species, 13 of which were new records for Jakarta Bay; more detailed information is presented for Christmas Island Frigatebird Fregata andrewsi. To better protect Jakarta Bay and its wildlife, regular monitoring is strongly recommended, and such monitoring is best conducted in cooperation with the staff of local government, local people, local non-governmental organization personnel and birdwatchers. -
Threats to the Critically Endangered Christmas
Tirtaningtyas & Hennicke: Threats to the criticallyContributed endangered Papers Christmas Island Frigatebird Fregata andrewsi 137 THREATS TO THE CRITICALLY ENDANGERED CHRISTMAS ISLAND FRIGATEBIRD FREGATA ANDREWSI IN JAKARTA BAY, INDONESIA, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR RECONSIDERING CONSERVATION PRIORITIES FRANSISCA N. TIRTANINGTYAS1 & JANOS C. HENNICKE2,3 1Burung Laut Indonesia, Depok, East Java, 16421, Indonesia ([email protected]) 2Dept. of Ecology and Conservation, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany 3CEBC-CNRS, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France Received 4 November 2014, accepted 26 February 2015 SUMMARY Tirtaningtyas, F.N. & HENNICKE, J.C. 2015. Threats to the critically endangered Christmas Island Frigatebird Fregata andrewsi in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia, and implications for reconsidering conservation priorities. Marine Ornithology 43: 137–140. The Christmas Island Frigatebird Fregata andrewsi is one of the most endangered seabirds in the world. The reasons for its population decline are unknown, but recommended protection measures and management actions focus on the species’ breeding site. Threats to the species away from Christmas Island have received little consideration. Here, we report on several previously undescribed anthropogenic threats to Christmas Island Frigatebirds based on observations in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia: accidental entanglement in fishing gear, as well as capture, poisoning and shooting. Based on these findings, we suggest that it is imperative to reconsider the present management strategies and conservation priorities for the species and to urgently include protection measures away from Christmas Island. Keywords: Christmas Island Frigatebird, Fregata andrewsi, conservation, mortality, anthropogenic threats, Jakarta Bay, Southeast Asia INTRODUCTION Christmas Island Frigatebirds are exposed to threats in Southeast Asian waters, namely in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia, that might contribute The Christmas Island Frigatebird Fregata andrewsi is one of the to the unexplained population decline of the species. -
Phylogenetic Patterns of Size and Shape of the Nasal Gland Depression in Phalacrocoracidae
PHYLOGENETIC PATTERNS OF SIZE AND SHAPE OF THE NASAL GLAND DEPRESSION IN PHALACROCORACIDAE DOUGLAS SIEGEL-CAUSEY Museumof NaturalHistory and Department of Systematicsand Ecology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-2454 USA ABSTRACT.--Nasalglands in Pelecaniformesare situatedwithin the orbit in closelyfitting depressions.Generally, the depressionsare bilobedand small,but in Phalacrocoracidaethey are more diversein shapeand size. Cormorants(Phalacrocoracinae) have small depressions typical of the order; shags(Leucocarboninae) have large, single-lobeddepressions that extend almost the entire length of the frontal. In all PhalacrocoracidaeI examined, shape of the nasalgland depressiondid not vary betweenfreshwater and marine populations.A general linear model detectedstrongly significant effectsof speciesidentity and gender on size of the gland depression.The effectof habitat on size was complexand was detectedonly as a higher-ordereffect. Age had no effecton size or shapeof the nasalgland depression.I believe that habitat and diet are proximateeffects. The ultimate factorthat determinessize and shape of the nasalgland within Phalacrocoracidaeis phylogenetichistory. Received 28 February1989, accepted1 August1989. THE FIRSTinvestigations of the nasal glands mon (e.g.Technau 1936, Zaks and Sokolova1961, of water birds indicated that theseglands were Thomson and Morley 1966), and only a few more developed in species living in marine studies have focused on the cranial structure habitats than in species living in freshwater associatedwith the nasal gland (Marpies 1932; habitats (Heinroth and Heinroth 1927, Marpies Bock 1958, 1963; Staaland 1967; Watson and Di- 1932). Schildmacher (1932), Technau (1936), and voky 1971; Lavery 1972). othersshowed that the degree of development Unlike most other birds, Pelecaniformes have among specieswas associatedwith habitat. Lat- nasal glands situated in depressionsfound in er experimental studies (reviewed by Holmes the anteromedialroof of the orbit (Siegel-Cau- and Phillips 1985) established the role of the sey 1988). -
P0529-P0540.Pdf
RESPONSES TO HIGH TEMPERATURE IN NESTLING DOUBLE-CRESTED AND PELAGIC CORMORANTS ROBERT C. L^$IEWSKI AND GREGORY K. SNYDER ADULTand nestlingcormorants are often subjectto overheatingfrom insolationat the nest. Their generallydark plumage,exposed nest sites, and reradiation from surroundingrocks aggravate the thermal stress. Young nestlingsmust be shieldedfrom the sun by their parents. Older nestlingsand adults compensatefor heat gain throughbehavioral adjust- mentsand modulationof evaporativecooling by pantingand gular flutter- ing. This study was undertakento examinesome of the responsesto high temperaturein nestlingsof two speciesof cormorants,the Double-crested Cormorant,Phalacrocorax auritus, and the PelagicCormorant, P. pelagicus. The evaporative cooling responsesin birds have been studied in some detail in recent years (see Bartholomewet al., 1962; Lasiewski et al., 1966; Bartholomewet al., 1968; Calder and Schmidt-Nielsen,1968, for more detailed discussions),although much still remains to be learned. MATERIALS AND •VIETI-IODS The nestling cormorantsused in this study (four Phalacrocoraxpelagicus and four P. auritus) were captured from nests on rocky islands off the northwest coast of Washington. As their dates of hatchingwere not known it was impossibleto provide exact ages. From comparisonsof feather developmentwith descriptionsin the literature (Bent, 1922; Palmer, 1962), we judged that the pe'lagicuschicks were approximately 5, 5, 6, and 6 weeksold, while'the auritus chickswere 3.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 6 weeksof age upon capture. The nestlingswere taken to the laboratoriesat Friday Harbor, Washington on the day of capture and housed in three 4' X 4' X 4' chicken wire cages. The cageswere equippedwith plywood platforms for the birds to sit on and coveredon top and two sides to shield birds from wind and rain. -
GREAT FRIGATEBIRD Fregata Minor
GREAT FRIGATEBIRD Fregata minor Other: ‘Iwa F.m. palmerstoni breeding visitor, indigenous Great Frigatebird is nearly a pantropical species, being absent only from the Atlantic Ocean north of the equator (King 1967, Harrison 1983, Marchant and Higgins 1990, Metz and Schreiber 2002). It is a common breeder at Johnston and Wake atolls (Amerson and Shelton 1976, Rauzon et al. 2008). In the Northwestern Islands it breeds in Mar-Oct, it roosts in large numbers on certain islets of the Southeastern Islands, and is a fairly common sight soaring over most islands (although less common over Hawai’i I) throughout the year. POBSP data indicate a slight depression in monthly counts during Nov-Feb, especially in the more northwestern of the islands; when not breeding, it appears to disperse widely throughout tropical and subtropical seas, with vagrants recorded N to California (CBRC 2007), and individuals banded at Kure recovered as far away as the Marshall and Philippine Is (Woodward 1972). Hadden (1941) records a large movement of birds from Midway toward Kure on 29 Dec 1938. A frigatebird, probably Great, is present in the fossil record of Ulupau Head, O'ahu, indicating presence in the islands for at least 200,000 years (James 1987). There was much confusion about the naming of frigatebirds in the 1800s. Early ornithologists in Hawaii (Isenbeck in Kittlitz 1834, Dole 1869, Stejneger 1888, Wilson and Evans 1899, Rothschild 1900) considered the Hawaiian population to be the same species as Ascension Island Frigatebird (F. aquila) of the c. Atlantic Ocean, although Cassin (1858) and Dole (1879) correctly assigned them to "palmerstoni" based on Gmelin's (1789) "Pelecanus palmerstoni" from Palmerston I in the Cook Is group. -
The Genus Sula in the Carolinas: an Overview of the Phenology And
h Gn Sl n th Crln: An Ovrv f th hnl nd trbtn f Gnnt nd b n th Sth Atlnt ht DAVID S. LEE and J. CHRISTOPHER HANEY Five of the eight recognized species of the genus Sula are known from the southeastern United States. Of these only the Northern Gannet (Sula bassana) occurs regularly in the Carolinas, but both the Masked Booby (S. dactylatra), formerly Blue- faced, and the Brown Booby (S. leucogaster) have been reported from North and South Carolina. Of the two remaining species, the Red-footed Booby (S. sula) is generally restricted to the Caribbean and disperses northward into the Florida Keys and Gulf of Mexico, whereas the Blue-footed Booby (S. nebouxii) is an eastern Pacific species with one accidental and astonishing record from south Padre Island, Texas (5 October 1976, photograph Amer. Birds 31:349-351). Generally the records for locally occurring Sula, excluding wintering Northern Gannets, are less than adequate as conclusive evidence of seasonal or geographical occurrence. Most problems result from confusing plumages of the various species and the general lack of experience of North American bird students with boobies. An additional problem is the fact that until very recently most ornithologists believed that boobies occurred off the south Atlantic states, outside Florida, only as rare accidentals, causing many records to be viewed with excessive caution and skepticism. Potter et al. (1980), for example, associated all records of boobies in the Carolinas with storms. In recent years few groups of birds have caused as many interpretive problems for the Carolina Bird Club's North Carolina Records Committee as have the Sula. -
Plumage and Sexual Maturation in the Great Frigatebird Fregata Minor in the Galapagos Islands
Valle et al.: The Great Frigatebird in the Galapagos Islands 51 PLUMAGE AND SEXUAL MATURATION IN THE GREAT FRIGATEBIRD FREGATA MINOR IN THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS CARLOS A. VALLE1, TJITTE DE VRIES2 & CECILIA HERNÁNDEZ2 1Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Campus Cumbayá, Jardines del Este y Avenida Interoceánica (Círculo de Cumbayá), PO Box 17–12–841, Quito, Ecuador ([email protected]) 2Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, PO Box 17–01–2184, Quito, Ecuador Received 6 September 2005, accepted 12 August 2006 SUMMARY VALLE, C.A., DE VRIES, T. & HERNÁNDEZ, C. 2006. Plumage and sexual maturation in the Great Frigatebird Fregata minor in the Galapagos Islands. Marine Ornithology 34: 51–59. The adaptive significance of distinctive immature plumages and protracted sexual and plumage maturation in birds remains controversial. This study aimed to establish the pattern of plumage maturation and the age at first breeding in the Great Frigatebird Fregata minor in the Galapagos Islands. We found that Great Frigatebirds attain full adult plumage at eight to nine years for females and 10 to 11 years for males and that they rarely attempted to breed before acquiring full adult plumage. The younger males succeeded only at attracting a mate, and males and females both bred at the age of nine years when their plumage was nearly completely adult. Although sexual maturity was reached as early as nine years, strong competition for nest-sites may further delay first reproduction. We discuss our findings in light of the several hypotheses for explaining delayed plumage maturation in birds, concluding that slow sexual and plumage maturation in the Great Frigatebird, and perhaps among all frigatebirds, may result from moult energetic constraints during the subadult stage. -
2020 North Carolina Ornithology List
2020 North Carolina Ornithology List Kingdom – ANIMALIA Phylum – CHORDATA Key: Sub Phylum – VERTEBRATA Regional level (62 in total) Class – AVES Addition for State level (110 in total) Family Grou p (Family Name) Addition for National level (160 in total) Common Name [Scientific name is in italics] ORDER: Anseriformes Ibises and Spoonbills ORDER: Charadriiformes Ducks, Geese, and Swans (Anatidae) (Threskiornithidae) Lapwings and Plovers (Charadriidae) Northern Shoveler Roseate Spoonbill Platalea ajaja American Golden-Plover Green-winged Teal Killdeer Charadrius vociferus Canvasback ORDER: Suliformes Oystercatchers (Haematopodidae) Hooded Merganser Cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae) American Oystercatcher Black-bellied Whistling-Duck Double-crested Cormorant Stilts and Avocets (Recurvirostridae) Snow Goose Chen caerulescens Phalacrocorax auritus Black-necked Stilt Canada Goose Branta canadensis Darters (Anhingidae) American Avocet Recurvirostra Trumpeter Swan Anhinga Anhinga anhinga americana Wood Duck Aix sponsa Frigatebirds (Fregatidae) Sandpipers, Phalaropes, and Allies Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Magnificent Frigatebird (Scolopacidae) Cinnamon Teal Anas cyanoptera American Woodcock Scolopax minor ORDER: Ciconiiformes Spotted Sandpiper ORDER: Galliformes Deep-water Waders (Ciconiidae) Ruddy Turnstone Partridges, Grouse, Turkeys, and Old Wood stork Dunlin Calidris alpina World Quail Wilson’s Snipe (Phasianidae ) ORDER: Falconiformes Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers Ring-necked Pheasant Caracaras and Falcons (Falconidae) (Laridae) Ruffed Grouse