United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Plant Germplasm System

Morphometric Analysis of Cultivated ( vinifera L.) Malli Aradhya, Bernard H. Prins, Christine V. Marsden, and John Preece 1National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Tree Fruit, Nut Crops and , USDA-ARS, University of California, Davis, California 95616

Introduction Results and Discussion To understand the genetic basis of phenotypes, . The cultivated grape collection possess significant amount of variability for all characters included in the study. especially economic phenotypes governed by . Cluster and berry traits exhibited coefficient of variation ranging from 30 to well over 60 percent reflecting breeding value and scope for genetic improvement polygenes, it is critical to accurately phenotype of grape for these traits. individuals. While currently massive amounts of . The CA revealed four major groups within the cultivated grape included in the analysis (Fig. 1) – Group 1 is mainly made up of table grapes along with some genomic data are available, lack of accurate Southern European grapes often used in breeding of table grapes mostly from West and South Asia and Asia Minor, but some from Eastern and phenotypic data has become a serious impediment to Southern Europe; Group 2 is mostly composed of European wine grapes; Group 3 is similar to Group 1 containing table grapes from Eastern Europe and East and West Asia along with some less known wine types from Southern and Eastern Europe; and Group 4 is predominantly wine grapes from Europe and develop genomics-assisted crop improvement occasionally a few table grapes and hybrids. programs, particularly in perennial and tree crop . The PCA elucidated groups more or less similar to the CA with groups 1 and 3 somewhat overlapping in both analyses. species. Accurate phenotyping of perennial crops is . The four groups revealed in the cluster analysis differed for mean and coefficient of variation for all metric traits (Table 2). time consuming and resource intensive, especially . The plant traits used in the study did not clearly distinguish between table and wine grapes. However, both CA and PCA brought out some specific when replicated, multi-year/location data are required differences among groups with respect to the frequency and composition of wine, table and dual use type grapes. to account for genotype-by-environment interactions. Knowledge of plant traits and their relationship with Overall, the cultivated grape germplasm collection evaluated possess considerable phenotypic variability as suggested by the variability measures computed, the economic traits and availability of high which translates into the breeding value of the collection and the scope for genetic improvement of both wine and table grapes. The population structure based throughput capacity to phenotype are the essential on the phenotypic traits may be somewhat different from the molecular traits and should not be neglected while developing genomics-based selection strategies. for successful development of genomics-based breeding strategies. We report here results of a numerical analysis on Table. 2 Variability parameters morphometric data collected in 2009 on a subset of Figure 1. Cluster analysis depicting the relationships among grape accessions cultivated grape germplasm collection representing GRO CV Variable UP N Range Mean SD (%) wine, table and dual type cultivars. We analyze data

to assess phenotypic variability, population structure, BUDBURST G1 116 29 92.405±0.522 5.618 6.08

Memory Of Queen Elizabeth DVIT0458 AUS and to understand the genetic relationships among Red Ohanez DVIT2757 SPA G2 117 29 89.752±0.465 5.026 5.6 Fatai DVIT2510 PAK

Lal Sorkh DVIT0442 AFG Madam Matijas DVIT2642 YUG accessions. Mueller-thurgau DVIT0853 AUS G3 52 26 91.288±0.656 4.733 5.19

Araclinos DVIT0632 GRE

Kastour Rumi DVIT2103 EGY Kishmish Early DVIT2324 USSR G4 215 30 90.563±0.398 5.832 6.44 Barbableu DVIT1651 ITA Kandhari DVIT2081 IND Littorio (i.p. 90) DVIT0446 ITA ChaouchiMourisco Politico Branco DVIT0599 DVIT0850 GRE PORT Lattuario DVIT0445 ITA Dschan Im Isium DVIT0315 USSR Diamente Nero DVIT0614 ITA

Siar DVIT0522 AFG

Budrilay DVIT2506 PAK

Neo-Muscat DVIT2645 JAP Sochal Kara-kash DVIT2340 USSR Muscat Bowood DVIT0463 EGY

Muscat Of Alexandria DVIT0465 EGY Etraire De Ladhui DVIT0714 FRA Kokour Rot DVIT0318 GER Arcathinoh DVIT0635 GRE Arnsburger DVIT2666 GER

Dehbina DVIT0705 GRE Sauvignon Gris DVIT1123 FRA Khalchili DVIT0430 AFG Poet Matabon DVIT1658 FRA Criolla Negra DVIT1091 VEN Shando Khari DVIT0520 AFG Conte Rosso DVIT0382 ITA b 39-52 Mlc DVIT1857 MEXICO Kandahari DVIT0429 AFG Monukka DVIT0462 AFG Black Rose DVIT0362 USA Muscat Rouge Fouce DVIT1656 FRA Shtur Angur DVIT2168 USSR BLOOMDATE G1 116 21 135.68±0.269 2.9 2.14 Chan Isium DVIT0613 GER 0.05 Kishmish Spien DVIT0438 AFG Barmak Isium DVIT0310 GER Pirobelle DVIT2700 SA Materials & Methods Dan Ben Chana DVIT2633 ISR Red Malaga DVIT0498 SPA TokayAsma DVIT0534 DVIT0308 ALG GER Husseine DVIT0419 AFG Ranny Vira DVIT2684Seeded USSR Thompson DVIT1334 ISR Doradillo DVIT2635 SPA Ithani Mavro DVIT0621 GRE Carignane DVIT1064 USA Barone Dellaterno DVIT0350 ITA Sciacarello DVIT1125 FRA Olivette Vendemien DVIT0482 FRA Jampal DVIT0763 PORT Buraburi DVIT2512 PAK Alicante Vermelho DVIT0626 PORT Mortagua DVIT0840 PORT Vernatschia Alternatures DVIT1076 GER G2 117 22 132.85±0.266 2.87 2.16 Morrastel DVIT0839 FRA Kishmish-charni DVIT2325Longyan USSR DVIT2078 CHN Askary DVIT0565 IRAN Eununi DVIT0400 ISR Cirmisi Sap De Sudak DVIT0313 USSR Askathari DVIT0638 GRE Clairette Blanche DVIT3003 FRA Aspruda Ariloghi DVIT0642 GRE MoscatelCorniola Ros. DVIT3162 De Blas ITADVIT2328 ARGDermatas DVIT0572 GRE San Juanina Rosada DVIT2927 ARG Kozma Pal Muskotaly DVIT2681 HUN Madeleine Celine DVIT0452 FRA Anna Maria DVIT3156 ITA Joao Santarem DVIT0764Olivette PORTBauthelet DVIT0590 FRA Ghula Dari DVIT0409 AFG Tchilar DVIT2688 USSR Mureto DVIT0854 PORT ChaouchSulTanina DVIT0371 Rose TUR DVIT0530 USSR FayoumiCaus DVIT2636 X Perle EGY Of Csaba DVIT2308 YUG G3 52 20 135.83±0.465 3.35 2.47 Marsanne DVIT0817 FRA A subset of 500 cultivated grape accessions Taifi DVIT2174 USSR GanjehiOhanes BlackDVIT0615 DVIT0478 Kishmish IRAN SPA DVIT0358 USSR Grillo DVIT0752 ITA Treixadura Blanca DVIT2661 SPA Beba DVIT0651 SPA Semillon DVIT0954PiNot Blanc FRA DVIT0904 FRA G4 215 27 133.75±0.224 3.29 2.46 Agadia DVIT0334 USSR Churgoon DVIT2532 PAK representing the range of variability and geographic Mrs Pince Black Muscat DVIT2160 UK Ferral Tamara DVIT0406 PORT Blanc De Crimei DVIT0312 USSR Milton DVIT0459 FRA Harslevelu DVIT0755 AUS Waltham Cross DVIT2343 SA DOVine DVIT2516 USA Dais-el-anz DVIT0569 IRAQ Sahibi Sorkh DVIT0510 AFG Lombardia DVIT0447 ITA Calmeria ServantDVIT0366 DVIT0518 USA FRA Gocseji Zamatos DVIT2673 HUN Red HanepootRozoviiRed Kishmish DVIT0593Roumi DVIT2083 DVIT0507 SA EGY USSR distribution of the cultivated grape (V. vinifera) from Salomani DVIT0597 IRAQ Agoumastos DVIT1024 GRE Queen Of The DVIT0496 AUS Aswad DVIT2085 YEM Italia (IP 65) DVIT0424 ITA KarabournovFrankenthal DVIT2703 DVIT0408 RUSSIA ITA CLUSTLEN G1 116 370 223.58±6.03 64.9 29.03 Sochal DVIT1126Calmeria USSR DVIT1084 USA Helena DVIT0756 USA BhokariEarly Muscat DVIT0353 DVIT0394 IND USA Asma DVIT2054 USSR Duc De Malakoff DVIT0393 FRA Kerner DVIT3104 GER DVIT0826 FRA Murma Isium DVIT0320 GER Koret DVIT2679 HUN the germplasm collection maintained at the USDA GrosTinta Maroc Amarella DVIT0414 DVIT0982 ISR PORT Zlahtina DVIT0607 YUG Donzillinho DVIT2634 POR Trousseau DVIT0995 FRA G2 117 295.6 164.35±3.95 42.72 25.99 ChasselasBaharatROM DVIT0595 MusqueEarly DVIT2306 DVIT0374 ROM IND FRA

Germplasm Repository, Davis, California is included Royal DVIT0596 BEL G3 52 773 235.2±15 108.1 45.95 Setzlinge DodreliabiBlack DVIT0331 Queen DVIT0022USSR JAP Pleven Mychat DVIT3171 BUL BondolaKoptcha DVIT3067 DVIT0783 SWT USSR HimrisnkyMoscatel DVIT0328Sovereign Galego GER RoseDVIT0842 DVIT2153 PORT CAN Muscat De Ladda DVIT2166 FRA G4 215 1217.41 195.88±7.21 105.66 53.94 in this study. A set of 25 nominal, ordinal, and metric Rousseau DVIT0936 FRA b 39-59aTallian Mlc DVIT0532 DVIT1859 HUN MEXICO Argant DVIT2305 SPA Taschli DVIT0325 GER July Muscat DVIT0426 USABakari DornfelderMavro DVIT0653 DVIT2705Black GRE Corinth GER DVIT1052 GRE Hungarian Millenium DVIT0761 HUN Stambulari (stambul Ali) DVIT0332 GER HonigberRed-White DVIT0760 Veltliner MOR DVIT0929b 39-59 GER Mlc DVIT1858Perle MEXICODVIT2647 GER PlavacTerret Mali Schwarz DVIT1119 DVIT1318 YUG GER traits (Table 1) from the 2009 evaluation of grape has BerzaminoBoyalsing DVIT0657 I DVIT2496 ITA PAK OtschaTand Bala DVIT0533 DVIT0617 AFG GER Bhokri DVIT1081Johanna IND Mathiasz DVIT0425 AUS Leanoy DVIT2641 USSR Malaga Rosada DVIT0454 PERU CLUSTWDTH G1 116 262.63 145.11±4.09 44.06 30.36 been used to analyze phenotypic variability, Delizia DiSahibi VaprioTerra DVIT0509 Promessa DVIT0571Muscat AFG DVIT2114 ITA Talebot DVIT0473 ISR FRA Mamelon DVIT0586 FRA ChasselasStambul Rose Ali DVIT0376 (stambulari) FRA DVIT0324 GER Chasselas Tompa DVIT0378 AUS Mourisco DVIT0849Chrisostaphylo PORT DVIT0567 GRE Zimsko Belo DVIT2664 YUG G2 117 201.76 112.56±3.69 39.94 35.49 Fahri DVIT0402Pedro AFG Ximenez DVIT0890 SPA Black Hamburg DVIT1309 GER ErlihaneNetter DVIT2671 DVIT0474 SA ISR population structure, and classify germplasm. ChasselasVan Der Laan Tokay DVIT0543 DVIT0377 NET AUS Dabouki DVIT0388 ISR Osteiner DVIT2330 GER G3 52 160 146.61±4.89 35.29 24.07 MonTanaccioTerret Gris DVIT0836 DVIT0980 FRA FRA AsprudaBucklands Halkidos Sweetwater DVIT1026 DVIT0363 GRE UK PalominoAsprorombola DVIT0882 DVIT0641 DaphneSPA GRE DVIT0570Feher Som GRE DVIT0717 ITA The nominal and ordinal data were coded as per MuscatTintureiro Galego DVIT0859 DVIT0989 PORT PORT BuakiMuscat DVIT0673 Oliver USSRDVIT2643 YUG Perbos 139 DVIT2145 FRA FolleMuscat Blanche Of HUN DVIT0723 DVIT2390 FRA HUN G4 215 319.13 124.05±2.73 40.06 32.29 Ciotat DVIT2107 FRA Kishmishi DVIT0435 AFG Muscat St.Peagudo Laurent DVIT0887DVIT0862Cola PORTFRA Tamburo DVIT0694 ITA Malvasia Roxa DVIT0812 PORT DVIT1085 ITA Royale 4x DVIT1666 FRA Hibron Blanc DVIT0758 FRA Blue Trollinger DVIT0663 GER Sneath and Sokal (1973) combined with the metric Esperia DVIT0398 ITA Malvasia Del ChiantiMalvasia DVIT0810 Tinta ITA DVIT0813 PORT Kulidzhinski DVIT2920 USA Hillbilly DVIT2747 USA Klusaine Red DVIT2077 USSR Trollinger DVIT2341 GER Itchkimar DVIT2677 USSR MuscatPiNot Ottonel Musque DVIT0861 DVIT1117 AUS GER Bargoon DVIT2499 PAK Muscat Canelli DVIT0856 FRA PEDLEN G1 116 95 32.87±1.47 15.84 48.19 data, standardized, and analyzed to generate a pair- Aitah DVIT2037 AFG Noir DVIT2320 FRA Husseine (rish Baba) DVIT0421 AFG Siegerrebe DVIT3109 GER Yaghotti No. 1 DVIT0604 IRAN Hondromavroudo DVIT1028 GRE G4-74 (Seedless Calmeria) DVIT2914 USA MusqueChardonnay DVIT1652 DVIT0687 FRA FRA G2 117 119 23.08±1.42 15.39 66.71 Kurtelaska DVIT0440 YUG Charmont DVIT2668Rish SWT Baba DVIT0504 ASIA MINOR wise correlation matrix. A cluster analysis (CA) was Thompson SeedlessHosargoon DVIT0535 DVIT2503 TUR PAK Melon DVIT0825 FRA EzerfuertuSauvignon DVIT2672 Vert DVIT0948 HUN FRA Chamo DVIT2730 PAK White DVIT1015 GER G3 52 93 30.54±2.62 18.93 61.97 St. Catherines Old Vine DVIT3011Ruby Okuyama EGY DVIT2524 BRAZIL Sylvaner DVIT1075 FRA performed on the correlation matrix using the Dalnato I DVIT2509 PAK -marianfeld DVIT2334 FRA Tschilaci DVIT0539 USSR Smederevka DVIT1074 YUG KaradzhandalBarlinka DVIT2323 DVIT0349 USSR ALG AsprudaColombard SantorinihChenin DVIT0695DVIT1027 Blanc FRAGRE DVIT1062 ARG G4 215 87 27.12±1.01 14.78 54.5 Late BlueJuracon Burgundy Noir DVIT0793 DVIT2321 GER FRA Assirtico DVIT0645Reichensteiner GRE DVIT3107 GER neighbor-joining (NJ) algorithm to produce a Fer Servadou DVIT2318 FRA DVIT0691 FRA TeinturierTeinturier Male DVIT0974 DVIT0975 FRA FRALagrein DVIT0897 FRA JacksonFogarina Sel. 3 DVIT2916 DVIT0721PiNot USA Fin ITA DVIT0906 FRA Atzala DVIT0646 GRE HeroldrebeCortese DVIT2676 DVIT0699 NZLAlicante ITA Bouschet DVIT0625 ITA phenogram depicting the phenotypic relationships Blauer Fruheburgunder DVIT2307 GER Blauer SpatburgunderGamay DVIT0661 Teinturier GER DVIT0737 FRA ProkupacAffenthaler DVIT1071 DVIT3153 YUG USA CLUSTDEN G1 116 8 3.897±0.207 2.228 57.17 Negrette DVIT2329 FRA Vranac DVIT2086 YUG 4 Agria DVIT2701 HUN Gamay Rond DVIT0736 FRA PiNot St.george DVIT0917 FRA among the cultivars (Fig. 1). Principal Components Canaiolo Nero DVIT0679 ITA G2 117 8 6.094±0.221 2.385 39.14 Zweigelt-rebe DVIT2692 HUNTouriga DVIT0990 PORT Lambrusco DVIT0791 ITA Demir Kara DVIT0314 GER PiNot Noir 2a DVIT2333 FRA Tinta Francisca DVIT0983Cabernet PORT Franc DVIT0676 ITA Ciminnita DVIT1653Gaschochi FRA DVIT2537 PAK Analysis (PCA) along with 2D projection of Sovereign NoirOlmo DVIT2155 (034-16) CAN DVIT1803 AFG 2 G3 52 6 3.25±0.284 2.047 62.99 Traminer DVIT0991 SWT Chasselas Napoleon DVIT0375 FRA Grignolino DVIT0751 ITA Siewiernyi DVIT2686 POL Limberger DVIT1107 GER Ferral De Izalva DVIT1030 PORT TeltfurtuKhir Ghulaman DVIT2660 DVIT0434AUS AFG Furmint DVIT0729 AUS Gamay Toma DVIT2100 FRA G4 215 8 5.074±0.167 2.443 48.14 accessions along the first principal axes (Fig. 2) Blue AffenthalerMeunier DVIT0662DVIT0828 FRAGER OrangeBadacsony-10 Muscat DVIT2167 DVIT2667 FRA HUN Rubired DVIT0943 FRA 3 Kouldjinski DVIT2680 USSR Rulander DVIT0941 FRA Prince Of Wales DVIT0493Dolcetto UK DVIT0707 ITA Kraljevina DVIT1037 YUG DivromosGruner DVIT0706 VeltlingerKakourdess GREDoral DVIT2674 DVIT2670 Weis AUS DVIT0317SWT GER Fileri DVIT1044 GRE Chaush White DVIT1088Clotilde USSR Prosperi DVIT0568 ITA Petite Bouschet DVIT0894 FRA Corbu Blanc DVIT2313 FRA Sev Lernatu PRG 2224 DVIT2685 USSR accounting for 8 and 4.6 % of total variation, Kabuli DVIT2497 PAK Terret Blanc DVIT0765 FRA Pais DVIT0484 CHILERotbergerBarbera DVIT2339 DVIT0648 GER ITA Green Veltliner DVIT0749 GER SyrianKishmish DVIT2162 Of Vir ISR DVIT2071 USSR Petite Verdot DVIT0898 FRA PiNot Pernard DVIT0905 FRA Rougitza Rouge DVIT2546 YUG Tourigan National DVIT0628 PORT White CabernetBias KukuzetiDVIT1312 DVIT0311FRA USSR CLUSTWT G1 116 2116.8 761.9±37.8 407.3 53.46 Humagne DVIT3005 SWT Oeillade Noire DVIT0878 FRA Tinta Cao DVIT0984 PORT Ortega DVIT1114 CAN Ishkin DVIT2508 PAK Grec RougeChasselas DVIT0747 Des Bouches-du-rhone FRA DVIT2112 respectively, was used to further confirm the DumbrehnahOlivette Noire Mavri DVIT1657 DVIT0708 FRA GRE Nimrang 58 DVIT0476 USSR SchonburgerGuydouriha DVIT1124 DVIT0731 GER GRE RangsprayChenin DVIT1120 Noir DVIT0692 IND FRA G2 117 1412.4 455.5±24.9 269.2 59.1 GouveioHisakasy DVIT0743 DVIT0759 PORT USSR DVIT0896 FRA Zifir DVIT2690 HUN FostersGyongyrizling Seedling DVIT0407 DVIT2675 UK HUN Leanyka DVIT0794 AUS Olmo 34F DVIT2752 USA Early Red Malvasia DVIT0711 GER Asprocoritho DVIT0640 GRE DVIT0677 FRA relationships and groups revealed in the CA. Rothgipfler DVIT0935 AUS Yugoslavia 360 DVIT2344 YUG G3 52 1658.7 829.5±56.5 407.7 49.16 Gemeroh DVIT1031 GRE Noir DautomneCasculho DVIT2631DVIT0330 PORUSSR Greco Bianco DVIT0746 ITA Exotic DVIT0401 USA Mezes DVIT0829 AUS Shami DVIT0519 ISR FahriAb Kalamak Jusht DVIT0333 DVIT0403 AFG AFG The data were further analyzed for group-wise Viognier DVIT2342 FRA Hakiki DVIT0559 GRE Gold DVIT0410 USA G4 215 1693 558.8±22.6 331 59.23 MuscatEhrenfelser Blanc DVIT2170 DVIT2317 FRA GER Jurancon Blanc DVIT1102 FRA Canner DVIT0367 USA Tana-Kuzi DVIT2928 USSR Malvasia Bianca DVIT0807 ITA Dan Ben Hanna DVIT2669 SA Niunai DVIT2104 CHN Abla Aganin IsiumDVIT0305 GER Batta DVIT2545 IND Loin De Loeil DVIT0798 FRA Cereza DVIT2907 ARG Vorosmarthy DVIT0548 HUN Aricaras DVIT0560Luquaci GRE Thompson DVIT0450 FRA WengerkaPrecoce DVIT0326 Dastrachan GER DVIT0321 USSR variability parameters such as mean, range, standard CG 1481 DVIT2432 ARG Estellat DVIT0399 FRA Crimson Seedless DVIT3015 USA Lacturario DVIT0585 ARG Khawngi DVIT2919 IND Aurora DVIT0345 ITA Eftakilo DVIT0575 GRE Kishmish Hishrau DVIT1103 USSR Katta Kurgan DVIT0774 USSR Inzolia DVIT0762 ITA Choultu White DVIT2909 IND Valdepenas DVIT1068 SPA Zengo DVIT2691 HUN Kovalewka DVIT0329 GER Olivette Blanche DVIT0479 FRA Monakka DVIT0460 AFG Khalili DVIT0433 AFG Muscat Noir DVIT0469 FRA Zerk DVIT0606Xarello IRAQ DVIT1150 SPA Autumn Black DVIT3013 USA Khorestini DVIT2605 PAK Sereksiya Rosavi DVIT2653 USSR Aligote DVIT0627 FRA BERRYWT G1 116 16.138 6.842±0.303 3.264 47.71 Olmo (033-60) DVIT1802 AFG Gros Colman DVIT0413 USSR

Saint Emilion DVIT0942 FRA Centennial4X DVIT2618 USA deviation, and coefficient of variation for different Parreira DVIT0885 PORT Roussette DVIT0939 FRA

Olivette Rose DVIT0481 FRA Norakert PRG 2224 DVIT2683 USSR USA Cardinal DVIT0370 La Reinha DVIT0792 SPA Charas DVIT0685 USSR Fantasy SeedlessAskari DVIT0343 DVIT3016 AFG USA

Julius HUN DVIT0579 Julius Caesar Curisti Mici DVIT0703 GRE Khaldar DVIT0432 AFG Saidi Gulami DVIT0511 USSR Fachren Weis DVIT0316 USSR Perruno DVIT0893 SPA Gamay Hatif Des Vosges DVIT0735 FRA Tinta Mole DVIT0988 PORT Volarova DVIT0601 YUG Mataro DVIT0819 SPA Anatolitico DVIT0629 GRE Muscat Hamburg DVIT0468 UK Gustolidi DVIT0742 GRE G2 117 10.72 3.454±0.167 1.81 52.4 Madeleine Angervine DVIT1108 CAN Hassaine DVIT0416 GER Royal Thompson DVIT1122 MEXICO Fresno 32-139 DVIT2169 USA Hycales DVIT0422 SPA

Dardari ReflexDVIT2536 (RF5) PAK DVIT2704 HUN PiNot Gris DVIT0907 FRA Rosa Minna DVIT0322 GER characters. White Elbling DVIT1014 GER Chasselas Hs 14-33/4 DVIT2310 FRA Flame Seedless DVIT1095 USA KaDarka DVIT0767 AUS Fakdi DVIT0573 IND Korente DVIT2678 SA G3 52 15.878 8.253±0.534 3.851 46.67 Ghlicopati DVIT0741 GRE Fokianoh DVIT0722 GRE

Blanc Rame DVIT0659 FRA

Suputinsky Bietyz DVIT2702 POL Grand Noir DVIT0744 FRA

Grosse Blaue DVIT0754 ITA Longyan DVIT2079 CHN Beli Prokupac DVIT1069 YUG

Selection 2798 DVIT1152 YUG G4 215 15.282 4.601±0.164 2.406 52.31 DeLight DVIT0390 USA Orange Muskat DVIT0879 FRA Terret Bourret DVIT0979 FRA Olivette Noir DVIT1306 FRA Ajmi DVIT0563 IRAQ Diamond Muscat DVIT2900 USA Kalamak DVIT0335 AFGRobin Noir DVIT0933 FRA Ezerjo DVIT0715 FRA Terret Noir DVIT1054 FRA Bequignol DVIT2113 FRA

Kali Sahehi DVIT0427 IND

Pizzutello DVIT0489 SPA Fresia DVIT0727 ITA Tinta Muida DVIT0986 PORT Kala KosTan DVIT2534 PAK

Malbec DVIT0802 FRA Table 1. List of descriptors used in the evaluation Muscat Gros Noir Hatif DVIT0464 FRA Furmint DVIT0728 HUN BERRY# G1 116 323.74 124.23±6.23 67.11 54.02 Steinschiller DVIT0964 GER

Gewurztraminer DVIT0738 GER G2 117 27678 378±236 2549 675.22

Cinsaut DVIT0151 FRA G3 52 320.58 112.77±9.22 66.46 58.93 Descriptor Description PiNot Vert Dore DVIT0918 FRA SKINCOLOR Berry skin pigmentation - 1= yellow-green; 2=rose; 3=red; 4=red- G4 215 1967.9 142.6±10.4 151.8 106.48 gray; 5=dark red violet, 6=blue-black FLESHCOLOR Flesh color (yes/no) Figure 2. Principal components analysis SEED# G1 116 3.3 1.8802±0.0722 0.7774 41.35 FIRMNESS Firmness of berry - 1=soft; 2=medium; 3=firm; 4=crisp 2D Projection of Grape Accessions G2 117 3.3 2.1923±0.0556 0.6017 27.45 PETSINMALE Petiolar sinus in mature leaf scored in 1-9 scale from wide open to G3 52 3.3 1.573±0.121 0.872 55.45 very overlapping (Numbers in the Plot Refer to Clusters on NJ Tree in Fig. 1) G4 215 3.7 2.1209±0.0383 0.5609 26.45 SHOOTHABIT Scored in 1-9 scale - 1=erect; 2=semi-erect; 5=horizontal; 7=semi- drooping; 9=drooping 5 SEEDWT G1 116 2 0.9103±0.0402 0.4325 47.51 LEAFLOBES Number of leaf lobes - 1=entire; 2=three lobes; 3=five lobes; 4=seven lobes; 5=more than seven lobes 4 G2 117 533.8 5.46±4.56 49.27 902.06 4 LEAFSHAPE Leaf shape - 1=cordate; 2=wedge shaped; 3=pentagonal; 4=circular; 4 4 G3 52 1.7 0.8769±0.0643 0.4638 52.89 5=reniform; 6=other shapes G4 215 11.1 0.9349±0.0515 0.7548 80.74 44 4 SHOOTCOLOR color of upper surface 1=greeen, 2=green w/ bronze spots, 3=yellow, 4 444 4 4 4=yellow w/bronze spots, 5=copper yellow, 6=copper, 7=reddish, 9= 3 44 4 4 44 4 44 4 4 4 4444 4 44 4 other colors 4 4 444 4 444 4 44 4 44 4 44 BRIX G1 116 26.2 19.698±0.252 2.717 13.79 4 4 44 4 444 44444444444 444 4 44444 444 44 444 444 444 4 44 4444 4 444 44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 G2 117 13.8 20.568±0.205 2.215 10.77 SINUSTOOTH has a tooth on side of petiolar sinus yes/no 4 4444 4 444 4444 4444 44 4 4 444 4 4 44 4 4 4 2 44 4 4 4 44 444 4 44 4 44 4 4 4 4 44 4 G3 52 11.7 19.788±0.337 2.429 12.28 ) 4 44 4 4 4 4 4 4 NAKEDVEIN has a naked vein on side of petiolar sinus yes/no 44 4 4444 44 4 4 444 4 4 44 4 G4 215 15.1 20.389±0.148 2.164 10.62 BERRYSHAPE berrry shape 1=flat, 2=slightly flat, 3=roundish, 4=short elliptic, % 4 4 4 5=ovate, 6=obtuse-ovate, 7=obovate, 8=cylindric, 9=long elliptic, 6 1 4 4 .

10=arched 4 ACIDITY G1 116 1.017 0.499±0.0173 0.1862 37.32

( 3 11 BUDBURDATE Days to bud burst expressed in Julian days 4 3 1 1 13 G2 117 1.077 0.6306±0.0189 0.2042 32.38 I 13 1 1 33 3 I 0 3 3 1 33 131 1 BLOOMDATE Days to 50% bloom in Julian days 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 311 131 131 131 3113 13 3 3 G3 52 0.51 0.445±0.0169 0.1218 27.38 C 1 1 131111333 11 3313 3 3 1 CLUSTLEN Cluster length in cm. 1 23 1 31 11 1 3 311113111113 131 1 G4 215 1.197 0.5666±0.0139 0.2045 36.09 P 1 1 1 21 1 1 1 33 13 1 1 3 1 31 11 1 CLUSTWID Cluster width in cm. -1 1 3 111 1 11 1311 31 1 3113 111 1 2 2 2 22 2 2 1 11 1 3 3 1 2 2 22 2222 2 2 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 PEDLENGTH Pedicel length in cm. 2 2 2 2 2 2222 22 222221 1 1 2 113 TIPANTHO G1 116 6 3.147±0.176 1.894 60.19 2 2 2 2 2 22 2222222 2 2 22 2 2 2 CLUSTDEN Cluster density scored in 1-9 scale from very loose to very dense 2 22 2 22 2 2222212 2 2 2 1 G2 117 6 3.291±0.175 1.894 57.56 -2 2 2 222 2222 2 2 2 222 2 2 2 2 2 1 CLUSTWT Average cluster weight in g. 22 2 222 2Reference22 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 G3 52 6 3.135±0.305 2.197 70.07 BERRYWT Average berry weight in g. 2 2 G4 215 6 3.274±0.134 1.961 59.88 BERRYNO Average number of berries/cluster -3 Sneath,1 P.H.A. and Sokal, R.R. (1973). Numerical Taxonomy – SEEDNUM Average number of seeds/berry The principles and practice of numerical classification. W.H. SEEDWT Average seed wieght in g. -4 Freeman & Co., San Francisco. Reference BRIX Brix reading using berry juice -5.0 -2.5 0.0 2.5 5.0 Sneath, P.H.A. and Sokal, R.R. 1973. Numerical ACIDITY Titretable acidity Taxonomy – The Principles and Practice of TIPANTHO Anthocyanins of shoot tip scored 1-5 scale from very weak to very PC I ( 8%) strong Numerical Classification. W.H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco