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Sfm) Undp Funded Ministry of Climate Change Governemnt of Pakistan

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Sfm) Undp Funded Ministry of Climate Change Governemnt of Pakistan ASSESMENT OF NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS (NTFP) IN SHARAN VALLEY KAGHAN FOREST DIVISION, DISTRICT MANSEHRA, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PAKISTAN SURVEY CONDUCTED BY MR.MOIN-UD-DIN DEPUTY DIRECTOR NTFP HAZARA REGION ABBOTTABAD SPONSORED BY SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANGEMENMT PROJECT (SFM) UNDP FUNDED MINISTRY OF CLIMATE CHANGE GOVERNEMNT OF PAKISTAN Contents Table of Contents i Acronym List iii Executive summary iv 1. Back Ground 1.1. Objectives of the Survey………………… 1.2. Survey Methodology………… 2. Description of the area / Survey Team 2.1. Description of the Area 2.2. Introductory Meeting / Survey Team 2.3. Orientation of NTFP staff on inventory method 2.4. Consultative meetings with SDFO 3. Results and discussions 3.1. Focus Group Discussions 3.2. Determination of Frequency Index 3.3. Transect Walk 3.3.1. NTFPs availability status during transect walk 3.4. Regeneration potential in forest closures 3.5. Wild fruits 3.6. Wild vegetables 3.7. Fodder species 3.8. Fuel wood species 3.9. Condiments 3.10. Agriculture Tools 3.11. Pine needles & cones 4. Processing & Marketing of Medicinal Plants 4.1. Collection & identification 4.2. Preservation 4.3. Storage 4.4. Marketing of Medicinal Plants 5. Recommendations / Action Plan 6. References List of Tables. 1. Formulae used for the measurement of various spp. attributes 2. Detail of Manshi R.F. Area forest subdivision Balakot 3. Availability status information of important MAPs of the area. Assessment of NTFP in Sharan Valley, Kaghan Forest Division i | P a g e 4. NTFP Recorded during the transect walk 5. Importance value index (IVI) of the quantified species -- 6. Plots measurement -- 7. Wild fruits reported from the project area -- 8. Wild vegetables commonly used in the project area -- 9. Representative fodder species of the project area -- 10. Fuel wood species of the study area -- 11. Commonly used condiments of the project area -- 12. Source species used in making agriculture appliances -- 13. List of the medicinal plants collected for selling purposes -- List of Annexure. Annex-I. Pictorial glimpses of some common NTFPs in the area -- Annex-II. Survey Team Members -- Annex-III. List of participants in FGDs -- Annex-IV. Needed equipment for Survey -- Annex-V. Questionnaire for local community members -- -- Pictures of Survey Team Taken During Field Survey. -- Assessment of NTFP in Sharan Valley, Kaghan Forest Division ii | P a g e Acronym List: DFO Divisional Forest Officer FGDs Focus Group Discussions GPS Global positioning system IVI Importance Value Index KP Khyber Pakhtunkhwa MAPs Medicinal & Aromatic Plants NTFP Non Timber Forest Products RD Relative Density RC Relative Cover Spp. Species SFM Sustainable Forest Management VDC Village Development Committee WHO World Health Organization Assessment of NTFP in Sharan Valley, Kaghan Forest Division iii | P a g e Executive summary Traditionally, rural people have been using NTFPs for curing their health problems, edible food source, and many other domestic uses. But now due to unscientific extraction, storing, processing and marketing practices, NTFP are being over-exploited. To reduce the degradation and depletion rates of NTFP, there is a need for quantification of growing stock and annual allowable harvest for the sustainable management. Field site (Shehran valley) is selected at government managed forest of Kaghan Forest Division . Both primary as well as secondary data was collected from the study sites. Primary data was collected through survey with questionnaire, participatory resource assessment, direct observation, Focus Group Discussion (FGDs), NTFP inventory method while secondary data was collected through published and unpublished documents from concerned organizations. From this study, the status & ecological distribution of NTFPs (density, frequency, abundance,) was assessed. It is revealed during the survey that the stocking and regeneration potential of some of the medicinal plants species like, Peonia emodi, Podophylum hexandrum, Valeriana jatmansi, Bistorta amplexicaulis, fragaria and Geranium are high as compared to Trillium govanianum, Orchis latifolia and Asparagus recemosus. It was revealed during the survey that no proper mechanism exists in the area for processing of these high values medicinal plants. Besides, the marketing system is also unorganized. Sustainable harvesting and management techniques, establishment of collection depots and processing centers of NTFPs are thought to be of utmost importance in order to conserve and commercialize them. Assessment of NTFP in Sharan Valley, Kaghan Forest Division iv | P a g e 1. BACKGROUND. Pakistan is among the reasonably diverse countries in plant resources, where people’s reliance on biological sources for the survival and well-being is very strong (Abbasi et.al-2012). Pakistan has more than 6,000 species of higher plants, of which at least 10 % (600-700 plant species) are used medicinally (Shinwari 2010 & Abbasi et.al, 2012). The country is among the top ten in exporting raw herbs, with more than 400 local herbal products companies involved in the industry. Today according to the World Health Organization (WHO), as many as 80% of the world’s people depend on traditional medicine for their primary healthcare needs. Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) have been extensively used since long ago since the human life started. NTFPs are most significantly associated with the life of the local people who live in inaccessible remote areas. NTFPs not only fulfill the need of local people but also provide raw materials for various industries. Market for NTFPs as raw materials has increased gradually in recent years due to the growing market for herbal products. Multinational pharmaceutical companies are looking active substances in plants for the cure of various diseases where modern synthetic medicines are perceived to be less effective. Harvesting of NTFPs can have a positive or negative impact on the conservation of biodiversity. However, with the increase in population and associated poverty people are compelled to over harvesting resources for commercial purpose rather than their traditional use. NTFPs are being overused and degraded due to lack of local control over the resources, social and cultural traditions (Shrestha et al., 1998). The effects of harvesting on a plant population depend on what part of the plant is harvested and on the quantity, intensity and frequency of harvesting. Most harvesting has some effect, but extirpation is infrequent and extinction even more rare. It is usually a function of habitat destruction coupled with commercial harvesting of restricted range species. The effect of harvesting is particularly acute when the roots, fruiting bodies or other reproductive organs are removed. With many medicinal plants, the roots are harvested thus severely limiting reproductive capability. The barks of other medicinal plants are stripped from the live plant, increasing tremendously the likelihood of mortality. Although the response of individual plants is a useful guide to estimate harvesting impact, it is crucial to avoid getting side-tracked when NTFP Survey Report of Sharan Valley, Kaghan Forest Division 1 | P a g e seeing destructive harvest at the individual level and to take into account geographic distribution, habitat specificity, growth rates, conflicting uses, reproductive biology and management costs. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, having great potential in development of NTFPs market however the NTFP base have great threat from unscientific and unsustainable exploitation. In the absence of proper management and control in the collection and trade, NTFPs are becoming vulnerable, endangered and even extinct NTFP species need to be conserved and managed properly for the sustainable use of resources. Potential NTFPs have important role in the rural subsistence and livelihood. In order to commercialize these species and to maintain the critical population in the long run, there is a need to know the existing volume of the plants in nature, their habitat and distribution. 1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY The overall objective of the survey was to assess the status of NTFPs in Sharan valley in order to enhance the livelihood of Forest dependent communities thereby reducing dependency on timber. The specific objectives are as under: To establish baseline inventory of potential NTFP species. To explore and prioritize specific NTFPs which could be processed into specific products. To identify the current collection, storage and marketing trend. To recommend the required intervention for sustainable management of NTFPs. NTFP Survey Report of Sharan Valley, Kaghan Forest Division 2 | P a g e 1.2. SURVEY METHODOLOGY. Primary data were collected through interviews on a well designed semi structured questionnaire, Focus group discussions and field surveys using transect walk and quadrat measurement in selected compartment. A circular plot having 2.820m radii was used. Secondary data obtained through literature review from the reports, research papers and working plan of the area. Frequency index was determined for potential NTFP spp. Besides field observation during the transect walk (Table 3) the formulae used for the measurement of various phytosociological attributes are given in Table 1. Table 1. Formulae used for the measurement of various spp. attributes S.No Spp. Attribute Formulae 1 Density No. of individuals of a species in all quadrats / Total area sampled 2 Relative Density Density of a species / Total density of all species = 3 Cover Total cover (m2) of a species
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