Carex Longipetiolata (Cyperaceae), a New Sedge from Hainan, China

Home , Carex

TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited.

Carex longipetiolata (Cyperaceae), a new sedge from Hainan, China

QING-LONG WANG1,2,3, HU-BIAO YANG1, YUN-FEI DENG4, ZHU-NIAN WANG1,2 & GUO-DAO LIU1,2* 1 Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropic Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou Hainan 571737, China. E-Mail: [email protected] (author for correspondence) 2 Key Laboratory of Crops Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China. 3 College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Hainan University, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China. 4 Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China. E-Mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Carex longipetiolata, a new species of Carex sect. Rhomboidales from Hainan, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to C. saxicola, but differs in having wider leaves with the leaf base tapering into a long petiole, three shorter and sessile spikes, strictly female lateral spikes, and nutlets estipitate at base.

Key words: Carex, Carex sect. Rhomboidales, new species, taxonomy

Introduction

Carex Linnaeus (1753: 972) is one of the largest genera of seed plants (Frodin 2004). It comprises about 2,000 species worldwide and is easily distinguished from other genera of Cyperaceae by having perigynia enclosing the nutlets (Goetghebeur 1998, Egorova 1999, Mabberley 2008, Dai et al. 2010). The recent revision of the genus in China (Dai et al. 2010) recognized 527 species in three subgenera and 57 sections. Eight additional species have recently been reported from China (Su 2009a, 2009b, Jin & Zheng 2010, Jin et al. 2011, 2012a, 2012b, Yu et al. 2012). Based on the characters of stigma number, inflorescence structure and the distribution of staminate and pistillate flowers within the spikes, Kükenthal (1909) divided Carex into four subgenera: Carex subgen. Carex, C. subgen. Indocarex Baillon (1893: 345), C. subgen. Vignea (P. Beauv. ex Lestiboudois 1819: 22) Petermann (1849: 602) and C. subgen. Primocarex Kükenthal (1909: 68). Lately, the names C. subgen. Indocarex and C. subgen. Primocarex were corrected to C. subg. Vigneastra (Tuckerman 1843: 10) Kükenthal (1899: 516) and C. subgen. Psyllophora (Degland 1828: 282) Petermann (1849: 602) respectively (Reznick 1990). This classification was widely followed by recent authors (Nelmes 1951, Koyama 1962, Chater 1980, Dai et al. 2000, 2010, Nguyen 2002). Among them, C. subgen. Carex includes more than 70% of the species of the genus. Carex subgen. Carex is characterized by the spikes unisexual, or unisexual and bisexual, rarely all bisexual; one to several spikes borne in an involucral bract sheath, rarely arranged in complex inflorescences; cladoprophyll sheathlike, lacking a female flower; and stigmas usually 3, rarely 2 (Dai et al. 2010). Carex sect. Rhomboidales Kükenthal (1909: 662) belongs to C. subgen. Carex and is characterized by long-sheathing bracts with short blades, trigonous, rhombic to ovoid perigynia with columniform bidentate beaks at apex, and obovoid or ovoid, trigonous nutlets that are constricted in the middle part and mitrate or hastate at the apex (Kükenthal 1909, Ohwi 1936). It consists of about 50 species mainly distributed in eastern Asia, and 44 species, with 35 of them endemic, have been reported in China (Dai et al. 2000, 2010, Oda et al. 2003, Jin et al. 2004, 2012b, Shimizu 2008, Su 2009a, 2009b).

Accepted by Hans-Joachim Esser: 10 Dec. 2012; published online in PDF: 19 Dec. 2012 65 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited.

Hainan Island is located in southern China and is known as part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, with about 4100 vascular plants species in an area of 33 900 km2 (Myers et al. 2000, Liao et al. 2001). Twenty- three species in Carex have been reported from Hainan Island before (Deng 2007, Dai et al. 2010, Liu & Bai 2012). During a botanical survey in Diaoluo Shan Nature Reserve, a new species of Carex sect. Rhomboidales was found. This species is similar to C. saxicola Tang & F.T. Wang in Guangdong Institute of Botany (1977: 535), but differs sufficiently to be recognized as a new species (Deng 2007, Dai et al. 2010). The studied specimens are kept in the Herbarium of South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IBSC), and the Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropicl Agricultural Sciences, Hainan, which does not have an official herbarium acronym yet, and is abbreviated as TCGRI below.

FIGURE 1. Carex longipetiolata. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Staminate glume. D. Pistillate glume. E. Periginia. F. Nutlet. G. Stigmas. Photographs by Q. L. Wang.

Carex longipetiolata Q.L. Wang, H.B. Yang & Y.F. Deng, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2)

The new species is similar to C. saxicola Tang & F.T. Wang, but apparently differs from the latter by having culms 5–20 cm long (instead of up to 60 cm), petioles 5–10 cm long (not sessile), leaf blades 1–1.5 cm (not 0.8–1) cm wide, terminal male spike subsessile (not with a peduncle 3–5 cm long), and lateral spikes entirely female (not androgynous).

66 • Phytotaxa 75 © 2012 Magnolia Press WANG ET AL. TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited.

Type:—CHINA. Hainan: Lingshui Xian, Diaoluo Shan, moist place in the valley, 520 m., 24 August 2010, Wang Qinglong & Yang Hubiao 18063 (holotype IBSC!, isotype TCGRI!).

Perennial; rhizome short, ligneous. Culms usually solitary, central, 5–20 cm tall, rigid, trigonous, scabrous above. Leaves surpassing culm; petiole ca. 5–10 cm long; leaf blades green, ensiform, 1–1.5 cm wide, flat, apex acuminate, margins scabrous upward, base gradually narrowed into the petiole. Involucral bracts surpassing inflorescence, sheathing, sheath ca. 0.5–1 cm long, chartaceous, green. Spikes 3 or 4, approximate, all sessile; terminal spike staminate, linear-cylindrical, 1.5–4 × 0.3 cm; lateral spikes pistillate, cylindrical, 1–2 × ca. 0.7 cm. Staminate glumes oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, ca. 6.5 mm long, pale green, 3-veined; stamens 3, filaments slightly shorter than the glumes. Pistillate glumes pale green, ovate or deltoid-ovate, 5–6 mm, membranous, subglabrous, many-veined, middle vein excurrent into a short awn for ca. 1.5 mm. Perigynia longer than the glumes, ovate-lanceolate, 7–8 mm long, sparsely hispid or subglabrous, many- veined, base cuneate, apex gradually narrowed into a scabrous long beak for 2–3 mm, orifice straight, 2- toothed, teeth up to 1 mm; stigmas 3, hispid. Nutlets brown to dark brown, but beak and angles yellowish white, tightly enveloped by the perigynium, elliptic-rhomboid, ca. 5.5 mm long, trigonous with angles constricted at the middle, apex abruptly contracted into a narrowly cylindric beak of ca. 2 mm, beak expanding into a discoid-annulate orifice; persistent style ca. 2.5–3 mm long, base thickened.

FIGURE 2. Carex longipetiolata. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Pistillate glume. D. Perigina. E. Opened perigina. F. Nutlet. Drawn by Yun-xiao Liu based on Wang & Yang 18063 (IBSC).

CAREX LONGIPETIOLATA , A NEW SEDGE FROM HAINAN, CHINA Phytotaxa 75 © 2012 Magnolia Press • 67 TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited.

Distribution and Habitat:—Carex longipetiolata is known only from Diaoluo Shan Nature Reserve, Hainan, China. It grows in moist forest at altitudes of 500–600 m. Phenology:—The new species was observed in flower and fruit from April to August. Etymology:—The species epithet was derived from the Latin “longipetiolata”, meaning “having a long petiole”. Conservation status:—Carex longipetiolata was only collected in 2010 and 2011 respectively in two populations from its type locality, Diaoluoshan Natural Reserve, which is covered about 300 km2 and is well protected. So, C. longipetiolata is classified as Least Concern (LC) (IUCN 2001) according to the guidelines for using the INCN Red List Criteria (IUCN 2011: 59). Relationships.—The new species is placed in Carex sect. Rhomboidales because its trigonous nutlets that are constricted in the middle part and mitrate at the apex. In Hainan Island, only two species of C. sect. Rhomboidales, C. harlandii Boott (1860: 87, t. 255) and C. saxicola, were recorded previously. C. longipetiolata can be easily distinguished from them by its lateral spikes entirely female (not androgynous). C. longipetiolata is closely related to C. saxicola in the characters of pistillate glumes glabrous and aristate at apex, the glabrous perigynia longer than the pistillate glumes and the straight nutlets, but differs from the latter in longer culms and petioles and subsessile spikes (Dai et al 2000, 2010, Deng 2007). Additional specimen examined (Paratype):—CHINA. Hainan: Lingshui Xian, Diaoluo Shan Nature Reserve, 950 m, 11 May 2011, Wang Qinglong & Huang Mingzhong 1131107 (IBSC!, TCGRI!).

Acknowledgments

The project was partly supported by the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-35). We are grateful to Mrs. Yun-Xiao Liu (IBSC) for her help in preparing the line drawing.

References

Baillon, H. (1894) Histoire des Plantes 12(3) Monographie des Cypéracées, Restiacées et Eriocaulacées. L. Hachette & Cie., Paris, pp. 335–402. Boott, F.M.B. (1860) Illustrations of the genus Carex 2. W. Pamplin, London, pp. 75–103, t. 201–310. Chater, A.O. (1980) Carex L. In: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (eds.) Flora Europaea 5. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 290–322. Dai, L.K., Liang, S.Y., Li, P.C. & Tang, Y.C. (2000) Carex (Cyperaceae—Carioideae). In: Dai, L.K. & Liang, S.Y. (eds.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 12. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 56–528. Dai, L.K., Liang, S.Y., Zhang, S.R., Tang, Y.C., Koyama, T. & Tucker, G.,C. (2010) Carex Linnaeus. In: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.) Flora of China 23. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp. 285–461. Degland, J.V.Y. (1828) Carex L. In: Loiseleur-Deslongchamps, J.L.A. (ed.) Flora Gallica ed. 2. Apud auctorem, Paris, pp. 281–313. Deng, Y.F. (2007) Carex. In: Wu, T.L. (ed.) Flora of Guangdong 8. Guangdong Provincial Publishing Group, Guangdong Science and Technology Press, Guangzhou, pp. 363–395. Egorova, T.V. (1999) The sedges (Carex L.) of Russia and adjacent states (within the limits of the former USSR). St. Petersburg State Chemical-Pharmaceutical Academy, Saint Petersburg & Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis, 772 pp. Frodin, D.G. (2004) History and concepts of big plant genera. Taxon 53: 753–776. Goetghebeur, P. (1998) Cyperaceae. In: Kubitzki, K., Huber, H., Rudall, P.J., Stevens, P.S. & Stützel, T. (eds.) The families and genera of vascular plants 4. Springer, Berlin, pp. 141–190. Guangdong Institute of Botany (1977) Flora Hainanica 4. Science Press, Beijing, 644 pp. IUCN (2001) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1. Prepared by the IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, United Kingdom. IUCN (2011) Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 9. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 15

68 • Phytotaxa 75 © 2012 Magnolia Press WANG ET AL. TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited.

November 2012). Jin, S.H., Zhao, Y.J., Shen, T.T., Wu, D.F. & Jin, X.F. (2012a) Carex tenuirostrata (Cyperaceae), a new species of section Confertiflorae from Zhejiang, China. Brittonia 64: 325–329. Jin, X.F., Zhao, Y.J., Zheng, C.Z. & Zhang, H.W. (2011) Carex zhejiangensis sp. nov. (Cyperaceae) from Zhejiang, eastern China. Nordic Journal Botany 29: 63–70. Jin, X.F. & Zheng, C.Z. (2010) Carex yandangshanica sp. nov. (Cyperaceae; C. sect. Rhomboidales) from Zhejiang, China. Nordic Journal Botany 28: 709–712. Jin, X.F., Zheng, C.Z. & Ding, B.Y. (2004) New taxa of Carex (Cyperaceae) from Zhejiang, China. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 42: 541–550. Jin, X.F., Simpson, D.A., Zheng, C.Z., Sun, L. & Zhang, H.W. (2012b) Carex paracheniana (Carex sect. Rhomboidales, Cyperaceae), a new species from Guangxi and Guizhou, China. Systematic Botany 37: 929–937. Koyama, T. (1962) Classification of the family Cyperaceae (2). Journal of the Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Section III. Botany 8: 149–278. Kükenthal, G. (1899) Die Carexvegetation des außertropischen Südamerika (ausgenommen Paraguay und Südbrasilien). Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 27: 485–563. Kükenthal, G. (1909) Cyperaceae Caricoideae. In: Engler, A. (ed.) Das Pflanzenreich IV. 20. Engelmann, Leipzig,. 824 pp. Lestiboudois, T.G. (1819) Essai sur la famille des Cypéracées. Didot Jeune, Paris, 46 pp. Liao, W.B., Jin, J.H. & Wang, B. (2001) On island biogeography of Hainan Island’s flora—Endemism and edge effect characteristics. Advances in Plant Science 4: 57–76. Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 1200 pp. Liu, D.J. & Bai, C.J. (2012) Cyperaceae of Hainan. Science Press, Beijing, 426 pp. Mabberley, D.J. (2008) Mabberley’s Plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1021 pp. Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., da Fonseca, G.A.B. & Kent, J. (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403: 853–858. Nelmes, E. (1951) The genus Carex in Malaysia. Reinwardtia 1: 221–450. Nguyen, K.K. (2002) Flora of Vietnam 3. Cyperaceae. Science & Technics Publishing House, Ha Noi, 570 pp. Oda, J., Tanaka, A. Naiki, A. & Nagamasu, H. (2003) Carex jubozanensis (Cyperaceae), a new species from Japan. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 54: 127–135. Ohwi, J. (1936) Cyperaceae Japonicae I. A synopsis of the Caricoideae of Japan, including the Kuriles, Saghalin, Korea and Formosa. Memoirs of the College of Science, Kyoto Imperial University, Series B, Botany 11: 229–530. Petermann, W.L. (1849) Deutschlands Flora. Wigand, Leipzig, 668 pp. Reznick, A.A. (1990) Evolution in sedges (Carex, Cyperaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany 68: 1409–1432. Shimizu, T. (2008) Carex kagoshimensis, a new species of Carex (sect. Rhomboidales) from Japan. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 59: 67–72. Su, S.W. (2009a) Carex kobresiformis, a particular species of Carex from China. Journal of Anhui University (Natural Science Edition) 33(6): 83–86. Su, S.W. (2009b) Additional notes on the genus Carex Linn. from Anhui, China. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University 36: 557–563. Tuckerman, E. (1843) Enumeratio methodica Caricum quarundam.I.Riggs, Schenectadiae, 27 pp. Yu, L.Y., Huang, Y.F., Xu, W.B. & Deng, Y.F. (2012) Carex trongii K. K. Nguyen, a newly recorded species of Cyperaceae from China. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany 20: 403–406.