DOCSLIB.ORG

The Carex Flora of Landscapes in Netherlands

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Carex Flora of Landscapes in Netherlands Acta 801. Neerl. 29(5/6), November 1980, p. 359-376. The Carex flora of varied landscapes in The Netherlands: an example of decreasing ecological diversity O. de Bruijn* Vakgroep Plantenoecologie,Biologisch Centrum, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Postbus 14, 9750 AA Haren (Gn). SUMMARY The Carex floras offive inland landscapes in The Netherlands {fig. I) are compared to each other, with emphasis on phytogeographical, syntaxonomical and ecological aspects (table I). Moreover, changes in the distribution frequencies of the Carex species have been analysed by comparing two sets of frequency data to each other (census periods 1900-1949 and 1950-1975;cf. table 3). A strong in decrease is noticed in many species: both in species occurring The Netherlands at the margin of their and in the central oftheir In phytogeographicalrange species occurringnear parts range (table4). relation to habitat (table5) little decrease is found in the species groups of dynamical and eutrophic environments; on the contrary, a dramatic decline can be observed in many species associated to complex, stable (semi-) natural habitats (e.g. Carex dioica■fig-2). It is argued, that the real decrease of Carex is much than is indicated the methods. At least many species more severe by current census 20 out ofthe 59 species ofthe Netherlands Carex flora are threatened to such an extent, thatprobably they will only survive in a(very) few fitting Nature Reserves. The impoverishment of the Carex flora significantly reflects the recent changes in the Dutch flora as a whole. The high indicator value of Carex species makes their disappearancethe more regrettablefrom a scientific point of view. 1. INTRODUCTION Carex L. is the most variegated genus of the Netherlands flora; there are 59 native species in The Netherlands (Heukels & Van Ooststroom 1975). The present study aims at the description of five inland regions rich in Carex species. The of with Carex spectra these regions are compared to each other respect to and the phytogeographical, phytosociological ecological aspects. Moreover, re- cent distributiondata have been compared to literaturedata from the past, and it is discussed to what extent changes in the Carex flora are indicative for changes in communities whole in The Netherlands plant as a during the past decades. 2. METHODS AND STUDY AREA From 1973 onwards the author has studied the distribution, ecology and phyto- of the Carex in sociology species landscapes with (semi-)natural brook systems in The Netherlands. This study is more extensively documented in De Bruijn 1977. The research comprises detailed vegetation surveys (including releves) as well as intensive search for known and new provenances of rare Carex species. * Present address: Morshoekweg 39, 7552 PE Hengelo (Ov.). 360 O. DE BRUiJN Fig. 1. The ecological basis of botanical variety in The Netherlands (outside the coastal region). Study areas are indicated (1 =North Drenthe, II = East Twente, III = Winterswijk, IV= Nijmegen, V = South Limburg). Re-drawn from Van Leeuwen (in Westhoff et al. 1970). particularly in following five regions (Jig. /): N. Drenthe (I), E. Twente (II), Winterswijk region (III), Nijmegen region (IV) and S. Limburg (V). These have in of environmental regions common a great diversity gradients: usually based on the existence of gradual transitions from higher oligotrophic areas (bogs, heathland, uniform forests) to lower meso- and eutrophic areas (marsh- brook shown in 1. In fact the five land, river- and valleys), as fig. study areas DECREASING CAREX FLORA IN THE NETHERLANDS 361 Fig, 2. The distribution of Carex dioica in The Netherlands before and after 1950. From Adema (in Mennema et al. in preparation). represent well the semi-natural landscapes on the higher grounds in The Nether- lands (Westhoff et al. 1973). In this paper the nomenclature of taxa is according to Heukels & Van is Ooststroom (1975), the nomenclatureofsyntaxa according Westhoff & Den Held (1969). Phytogeographical distribution of the various Carex spp. is based on Meusel et al. (1965), while the characterizationof their occurrence in The Netherlands in relation to geographical range is derived from Hengeveld & Haeck (in prep.). 362 O. DE BRUIJN regions V + + + + + + + + + + - + + _ - - + + (+) + -1- + + - + + ? study IV + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + - + - - five the Ill + + - + + + + + + + - + + + - + + + + + + + - + - - in 11 + + - + + + + + + + - + + + - - + + + + + + + - + - - Occurrence + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + - - 1 - — C-2 7 2 5 7 7 3 6 7 3 3 4 4 6 5 5 5 3 1 1 in Netherlands 6 6 6 6 6 4 1 1 Distribution frequency The C-l 7 6 3 7 7 6 6 6 7 7 3 6 7 7 4 2 4 5 5 7 6 6 6 0 4 3 2 B-2 sub-centr sub-centr sub-centr sub-centr sub-centr sub-centr sub-centr sub-marg sub-centr sub-centr marginal sub-centr sub-centr sub-centr marginal marginal sub-marg sub-centr marginal sub-centr sub-centr sub-centr sub-centr sub-marg sub-marg sub-centr central Phytogeography Eur-(WSib) Eur-WSib Eur-)WAs) Eur-(WAs) Bl Eur Eur Eur-WAs Eur-WAs Eur-WAs Eur Eur Eur-WAs Eur-Sib circpol circpol Eur-Sib Eur Eur Euras Eur circpol circpol Eur circpol Euras Circpol Eur regions. study the AblO Aa3 Ba2 Aal 2 Ab Ab Aa Ac Ca Ca2 Ca3 Ca4 Ca5 Ca5 Ca5 Bb Bb Aa Aa Aal Ba Ba of syntaxonomical A- 16 16 16 30 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 25 20 20 20 21 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 flora Socio-ecological group 5b 7a 7a 7a 7a 7a 7b Carex and A-l 2a 2a 2a 2a 4c 4c 4c 4c 4c 4c 4c 4c 6b 6b 6b 6c 7a 7a 7b 7b the of review Statistical pseudocyperus caryophyllea lepidocarpa hirta otrubae vulpina ovalis acutiformis paniculata hudsonii riparia acuta aquatilis vesicaria disticha arenaria ligerica praecox demissa lasiocarpa nigra curta echinata rostrata cespitosa diandra flava 1. Table Species Carex DECREASING CAREX FLORA IN THE NETHERLANDS 363 ) ) -1- + + — + + + + — + + + - + + + + + + + + + + — ( ( ) )) - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + - - + ( ( ( ) - + + - + + + + - + + + - + - — + - - + + - - — ( - + + + + + + + - - + + - + - — + - - + + - - — 1976) 1976) + + + + + + + + + — - + — + + + - - - - + - — Meijden Meijden prep.) der der 1 5 5 3 3 6 3 4 3 0 5 6 2 4 2 2 4 1 1 6 4 2 2 3 in Van Van Haeck & & 5 6 4 3 7 5 5 5 2 3 7 6 2 5 2 2 5 2 2 2 2 1 6 4 1965) & Arnolds Arnolds al. to to et Hengeveld sub-marg central sub-marg sub-marg sub-centr sub-centr sub-centr sub-centr sub-marg marginal sub-centr sub-centr sub-centr sub-centr sub-centr sub-centr sub-marg sub-marg sub-marg sub-centr sub-centr marginal sub-marg sub-centr 1979) Meusel to (according (according to Maarel 1969) (according 1900-1949 1950-1975 Eur-WAs Eur-(WAs) Eur-WAs Eur-(WAs) Eur-(WAs) Eur-WSib Eur-WSib Held (according Eur Eur circpol Eur Eur circpol circpol Eur Eur Eur Eur Eur Eur Eur Eur Eur Eur der range Van Den period period & Region) & the the geographical in in Ba2 Ca6 Ad Acl Ba Aa2 Ab Ab Aa Ab4 Ab4 Aal Aal Aal Aa Abl Arnolds Westhoff afterwards) A to 27 19 25 25 27 28 30 17 17 30 34 34 35 38 38 38 38 38 to to (Burosiberian Netherlands Netherlands (not relative The The 7b 7b 7b 7c 7c 7c 7c 7c 7c 7d 7e 8b 8b 8b 8c 8c 9a 9a 9a 9a 9b 9b 9d 9e (according (according in in 1900-1949 1950-1975 distribution I) group group Netherlands fig. frequency frequency (see period period The the the of Phytogeographical regions in in distans flacca dioica appropinquata panicea hostiana pulicaris serotina tomentosa limosa pilulifera spicata muricata pallescens divulsa polyphylla elongata strigosa pendula remota sylvatica brizoides digitatareichenbachii Socio-ecological Syntaxonomical Position Distribution Distribution study present present absent = = = = = = = = = = ) — + A-l A-2 B-l B-2 C-l C-2 l-V + _ _ - - _ _ - - - _ - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - ( 364 O. DE BRUIJN 3. RESULTS OF THE INVENTORIES In the five study areas 51 out of the 59 Netherlands Carex species have been found: see table I. From the remaining eight species five are (nearly) completely restricted to the coastal area in The Netherlands (C. extensa, C. trinervis, C. C. threeofthem inland C. divisa, C. punctata, hartmanii), are species (( buxbaumii, C. laevigata, C. ericetorum). Most of them are limited to very specific habitats, and thereforeextremely rare (cf. Westhoff& Ketner 1967). These eight species are left out of consideration in this paper. Regarding the five selected areas it turns out that in N. Drenthe (I), E.Twente (II) and in the Winterswijk region (III)30-35 Carex species are found,whereas in the Nijmegen region (IV) and in S. Limburg (V) as many as 40-45 species are found. Differences between these areas will be discussed below. 3.1. North Drenthe This region is an originally rather oligotrophic Pleistocene landscape (boulder aeolian criss-crossed brook clay plain covered by sands) by many systems (filled up with rather eutrophic peat sediments). Untilthe beginning of this century the DrenthePlateau yyas covered by vast bogs and heathlands,which now have been reclaimed for the most part. During the past decades also the semi-naturalvalley communities(litter fens, valley bogs, brook swamps) have largely been destroyed due to artifical drainage operations and the widespread use of fertilizers. For- tunately, some relics of these centuries-old landscape types have been preserved as nature reserves and are being maintained according to ancient agricultural practices. The flora is comparatively rich in boreal and atlantic species (Barkman & Westhoff 1969). WithinThe Netherlands at least three Carex species have their optimum in the Drenthe district: (i) C. aquatilis, a sub-arctic (!) species ap- parently being overlooked in the past (Bakker 1957); (ii) C. appropinquata, in The Netherlands always considered to be a rare species, but recently found in about 20 places in fens and hay-fields (influenced by seepage) in the basin of the Drentsche A (map in De Bruijn 1977), while it also has been spotted in the valleys of the Peizer Diep and the Hunze; (iii) the boreal C.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Squarrose Sedge Carex Squarrosa
    Natural Heritage Squarrose Sedge & Endangered Species Carex squarrosa L. Program www.mass.gov/nhesp State Status: Threatened Federal Status: None Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife GENERAL DESCRIPTION: Squarrose Sedge is a perennial, herbaceous, grass-like plant that grows in loose clumps up to 3 feet (0.9 m) in height. This species was recently rediscovered in Massachusetts. Squarrose Sedge is typically found within riparian habitats that have alluvial soils. The uppermost spikes are pistillate (ovule-bearing) flowers borne above staminate (pollen- bearing) flowers. The large, dense, reproductive spikes of Squarrose Sedge make this species rather distinctive from other members of the genus Carex. AIDS TO IDENTIFICATION: To positively identify the Squarrose Sedge and other members of the genus Carex, a technical manual should be consulted. Species in this genus have small unisexual wind-pollinated flowers that are borne in clusters or spikes. Each flower Photo by Brett Trowbridge is unisexual, and is closely subtended by small, flat scales. The staminate flowers are subtended by a single perigynium. The morphological characteristics of these flat scale (the staminate scale); the pistillate flowers are reproductive structures are important in identifying subtended by one flat scale (the pistillate scale) and are plants of the genus Carex. enclosed by a second sac-like modified scale, the perigynium (plural: perigynia). After flowering, the Squarrose Sedge is a large sedge that grows in tufts from achene (a dry, one-seeded fruit) develops within the short rhizomes. Its stout, leafy stems range in height from 1 to 3 ft. (0.3 to 0.9 m). The elongate leaves are 3 to 6 mm (1/8 to ¼ in.) in width.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecture 24: "Graminoid" Monocots IB 168, Spring 2006
    Lecture 24: "Graminoid" monocots IB 168, Spring 2006 Graminoid monocots: A clade in Poales of usually wind-pollinated taxa, sister to Bromeliaceae and without showy flowers. Three families of graminoid monocots have a worldwide distribution and are prominent members of north temperate and boreal regions of the world: (1) Cyperaceae (sedges, tules, papyrus, and relatives), (2) Juncaceae (rushes and wood-rushes), and, especially, (3) Poaceae (grasses). All three families share conspicuous attributes (and appear superficially similar): Narrow, elongate leaves (parallel venation) with sheath (basal) and blade Perianth reduced or absent (not showy) Nectaries lacking (wind-pollinated) In Cyperaceae and Poaceae, seeds are only 1 per ovary (Ovaries superior, with 1--3 locules, 2--3 stigmas) (Stamens 3 or 6) Family attributes: (1) Poaceae (grasses), also called Gramineae (conserved name) - Highly diverse (ca. 10,000 species in 600--650 genera), but not quite as many species as Compositae/Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Fabaceae, or Rubiaceae - Worldwide distribution (except Antarctica) - Ecologically of critical importance in African savannas and veldt, Asian steppes, South American paramo/puna and pampas, and North American plains/prairie - Economically the most important plant family because it includes the grain or cereal crops [rice (Oryza), wheat (Triticum), corn or maize (Zea), rye (Secale), barley (Hordeum), oats (Avena), sorghum (Sorghum), millet (Panicum)] and sugar cane (Saccharum) -- all but corn/maize from Old World - Also economically critical because of importance for livestock fodder, soil conservation, wildlife habitat, and turf (intercalary growth allows for grazing or mowing without killing the plant), in addition to building materials (bamboos) Fossil record of grasses goes back ca.
    [Show full text]
  • A List of Grasses and Grasslike Plants of the Oak Openings, Lucas County
    A LIST OF THE GRASSES AND GRASSLIKE PLANTS OF THE OAK OPENINGS, LUCAS COUNTY, OHIO1 NATHAN WILLIAM EASTERLY Department of Biology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 4-3403 ABSTRACT This report is the second of a series of articles to be prepared as a second "Flora of the Oak Openings." The study represents a comprehensive survey of members of the Cyperaceae, Gramineae, Juncaceae, Sparganiaceae, and Xyridaceae in the Oak Openings region. Of the 202 species listed in this study, 34 species reported by Moseley in 1928 were not found during the present investigation. Fifty-seven species found by the present investi- gator were not observed or reported by Moseley. Many of these species or varieties are rare and do not represent a stable part of the flora. Changes in species present or in fre- quency of occurrence of species collected by both Moseley and Easterly may be explained mainly by the alteration of habitats as the Oak Openings region becomes increasingly urbanized or suburbanized. Some species have increased in frequency on the floodplain of Swan Creek, in wet ditches and on the banks of the Norfolk and Western Railroad right-of-way, along newly constructed roadsides, or on dry sandy sites. INTRODUCTION The grass family ranks third among the large plant families of the world. The family ranks number one as far as total numbers of plants that cover fields, mead- ows, or roadsides are concerned. No other family is used as extensively to pro- vide food or shelter or to create a beautiful landscape. The sedge family does not fare as well in terms of commercial importance, but the sedges do make avail- able forage and food for wild fowl and they do contribute plant cover in wet areas where other plants would not be as well adapted.
    [Show full text]
  • Site Synopsis
    SITE SYNOPSIS SITE NAME: LOUGH FAD BOG NHA SITE CODE: 001159 Lough Fad Bog NHA is a relatively large and primarily upland blanket bog, situated approximately 7 km from Pettigo, north of the Donegal to Pettigo road. It lies at altitudes between 130 m and 280 m on acidic gneiss bedrock. The site is situated in the townlands of Meensheefin, Belalt North, Lough Fad and Lough Ultan. Plantation forestry largely surrounds the site on its western, eastern and northern sides, while to the south it is bounded by the road between Donegal and Pettigo. The site contains upland and lowland blanket bog developed as relatively shallow peat. The bog lies on a series of gently sloping plateaux, separated by rocky knolls and east-west trending ridges, situated on a catchment divide (watershed) between the Waterfoot and Ballintra Rivers. A number of lakes occur in the northern part of the site, including Lough Nageage, Lough Natragh, Lough Nacraghan, Lough Fad, Lough Atarriff and Lough Nabrackmore. The vegetation of the site is characterised by blanket bog species. The most dominant include Ling Heather (Calluna vulgaris), Purple Moor-grass (Molinia caerulea), Common Cottongrass (Eriophorum angustifolium), the locally occurring species Oblong-leaved Sundew (Drosera intermedia), Bog-myrtle (Myrica gale), Cross- leaved Heath (Erica tetralix), White Beak-sedge (Rhynchospora alba), Bog Asphodel (Narthecium ossifragum), Deergrass (Scirpus cespitosus), Carnation Sedge (Carex panicea) and lichens (Cladonia portentosa and C. uncialis). Bog moss lawns and hummocks are locally frequent, consisting of Sphagnum capillifolium, S. subnitens, S. imbricatum, S. auriculatum, S. papillosum and S. compactum. Large cushions of Racomitrium lanuginosum and Leucobryum glaucum also occur.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution in Sedges (Carex, Cyperaceae)
    Evolution in sedges (Carex, Cyperaceae) A. A. REZNICEK University of Michigan Herbarium, North University Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48/09, U.S.A. Received January 2, 1990 REZNICEK,A. A. 1990. Evolution in sedges (Carex, Cyperaceae). Can. J. Bot. 68: 1409-1432. Carex is the largest and most widespread genus of Cyperaceae, but evolutionary relationships within it are poorly under- stood. Subgenus Primocarex was generally thought to be artificial and derived from diverse multispicate species. Relation- ships of rachilla-bearing species of subgenus Primocarex, however, were disputed, with some authors suggesting derivation from other genera, and others believing them to be primitive. Subgenus Indocarex, with compounded inflorescence units, was thought to be primitive, with subgenera Carex and Vignea reduced and derived. However, occurrence of rachillas is not confined to a few unispicate species, as previously thought, but is widespread. The often suggested connection between Uncinia and unispicate Carex is shown, based on rachilla morphology, to be founded on incorrect interpretation OF homology. Uncinia kingii, the alleged connecting link, is, in fact, a Carex. Unispicate Carex without close multispicate relatives probably originated from independent, ancient reductions of primitive, rachilla-bearing, multispicate Carex. The highly compounded inflorescences occumng in subgenus Vignea are hypothesized to represent a primitive state in Carex, and the more specialized inflorescences in subgenus Carex derived from inflorescences of this type. The relationships of subgenus Indocurex, with its unique perigynium-like inflorescence prophylls, remain unclear. REZNICEK,A. A. 1990. Evolution in sedges (Carex, Cyperaceae). Can. J. Bot. 68 : 1409-1432. Le Carex est le genre le plus irilportant et le plus rCpandu des Cyperaceae, mais les affinites Cvolutives a I'intCrieur de ce genre sont ma1 connues.
    [Show full text]
  • Carex Barrattii Schwein
    New England Plant Conservation Program Conservation and Research Plan Carex barrattii Schwein. & Torr. Barratt's Sedge Prepared by: Penelope C. Sharp Environmental Consultant Northford, Connecticut For: New England Wild Flower Society 180 Hemenway Road Framingham, MA 01701 508/877-7630 e-mail: [email protected] • website: www.newfs.org Approved, Regional Advisory Council, May 2001 SUMMARY Barratt’s sedge (Carex barrattii) is a regionally rare plant species that ranges from Alabama northward along the Atlantic coastal states to Connecticut. Primarily a species of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, it has also been documented at a number of disjunct sites in Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama. Its presence in New England is limited to Connecticut where there are seven occurrences, five of which are historic. The two extant sites for C. barrattii are in relatively close proximity, and the occurrences may be considered to be sub-populations of a single population. Population size is estimated to exceed 10,000 ramets. The state rank for the species is S1, and it is listed under Connecticut’s Endangered Species Act as State Endangered. The occurrence locations are on private property; therefore, C. barrattii is vulnerable to a number of potential threats including alteration of wetland hydrology and development activities. Natural succession and canopy closure also threaten the species, which appears to produce few fruiting culms under dense shade. Carex barrattii is an obligate wetland species and, in Connecticut, grows in seasonally saturated, acidic, sandy wetlands. In other parts of its range, it is found in wetland depressions in pine barrens, along the shores of rivers and ponds or in peaty bogs.
    [Show full text]
  • Carex of New England
    Field Guide to Carex of New England Lisa A. Standley A Special Publication of the New England Botanical Club About the Author: Lisa A. Standley is an environmental consultant. She obtained a B.S, and M.S. from Cornell University and Ph.D. from the University of Washington. She has published several articles on the systematics of Carex, particularly Section Phacocystis, and was the author of several section treatments in the Flora of North America. Cover Illustrations: Pictured are Carex pensylvanica and Carex intumescens. Field Guide to Carex of New England Lisa A. Standley Special Publication of the New England Botanical Club Copyright © 2011 Lisa A. Standley Acknowledgements This book is dedicated to Robert Reed, who first urged me to write a user-friendly guide to Carex; to the memory of Melinda F. Denton, my mentor and inspiration; and to Tony Reznicek, for always sharing his expertise. I would like to thank all of the people who helped with this book in so many ways, particularly Karen Searcy and Robert Bertin for their careful editing; Paul Somers, Bruce Sorrie, Alice Schori, Pam Weatherbee, and others who helped search for sedges; Arthur Gilman, Melissa Dow Cullina, and Patricia Swain, who carefully read early drafts of the book; and to Emily Wood, Karen Searcy, and Ray Angelo, who provided access to the herbaria at Harvard University, the University of Massachusetts, and the New England Botanical Club. CONTENTS Introduction .......................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Hanging Sedge (Carex Pendula)
    Hanging Sedge (Carex pendula) Hanging sedge (Carex pendula), also called drooping or pendulous sedge, is a large, evergreen perennial sedge introduced to North America from Europe as an ornamental species. It is adapted to forested areas with damp, rich soil such as along creeks, wetlands and drainages. It grows in large clumps and spreads primarily by seed. It has a tendency to self-sow and spread outside of where it is planted. It can produce more than 20,000 seeds per plant and in ideal conditions, more than 90 percent of the seeds germinate. Seeds spread by water as well as other mechanisms of disturbance and by being planted. Local Distribution (excerpted from notes provided by Tom Erler) There are a number of infestations around the UW Seattle campus, where it was originally planted in a few landscaped areas. It is weedy in beds, medians, and cracks in sidewalks among central campus. Originally planted in 1988 near Fluke Hall, since then it has established a dense seedbank and has spread to the opposite side of the building where it is in the median on both sides of Mason Road and under big leaf maple trees. It is also dense near previous plantings around the Fisheries building on campus and is also growing along Portage Bay’s north shoreline behind UW Hospital. Staff at the UW Arboretum reported trying to control it on the Arboretum Creek and Tom has seen it growing around the wetlands in the vicinity of the Arboretum. Burke Herbarium collections from this infestation date back to Peter Zika’s observations in 1999, 2001, and Barbara Wilson in 2004.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Fact Sheet for Nebraska Sedge (Carex Nebrascensis)
    Plant Fact Sheet Conservation Uses: This species has utility for erosion NEBRASKA SEDGE control, constructed wetland system applications, wetland creation and restoration, and for increasing plant diversity Carex nebrascensis Dewey in wetland and riparian communities. The dense root Plant Symbol = CANE2 mass makes this species resistant to soil compaction and erosion. It also makes it an excellent choice for soil Contributed by: USDA NRCS Idaho Plant Materials stabilization in wetland and riparian sites. Nebraska Program sedge is used extensively in bioengineering techniques because of its/the dense root system. The rhizomes also form a matrix for many beneficial bacteria making this plant an excellent choice for wastewater treatment. Status Please consult the PLANTS Web site and your State Department of Natural Resources for this plant’s current status (e.g., threatened or endangered species, state noxious status, and wetland indicator values). Description and Adaptation Nebraska sedge is a native, perennial, heavily rhizomatous wetland plant that is found in low valleys to mid-elevations. It reproduces by rhizomes and seed. However, seedling establishment is rare, probably because it needs freshly deposited, fertile, moist soil. Shoots from rhizomes are produced throughout the growing season and into late fall. The stems are upright and triangular. The plants growing in saturated soils will grow to about 90 cm (35 in). The leaves are elongated, alternate, longer or shorter than the stem, up to 12 mm (0.5 in) wide, and often with a bluish tinge. The flowers are borne in spikes. Male and female spikes are usually separate and on the same plant (monoecious).
    [Show full text]
  • Grasses & Sedges from the Ground Cover Up
    Grasses & Sedges from the Ground Cover Up Shannon Currey Marketing Director UGA Landscape Planning Short Course February 7, 2018 What We Grow Prime Time for Grasses & Sedges • GRAPHIC? • Popularity of native plants • Move toward green infrastructure and sustainable landscapes • Progressive planting design Carex eburnea and Sesleria autumnalis on the High Line, NYC 2.5 Native Interest Total # of plants sold 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 2006 2017 Native Introduced Residential Landscape Architecture Trends American Society of Landscape Architects, 2017 Residential Landscape Architecture Trends Survey Reduced stormwater runoff Reduced street repairs Improved memory & concentration “Economic, Environmental, and Health/Well-Being Benefits Associated with Green Industry Products and Services: A Review” (Journal of Environmental Horticulture 29(2):96-103). Doing More with Grasses & Sedges • Require few inputs • Help suppress weeds • Support wildlife, including pollinators • Slow storm water, increase infiltration, and store carbon • Prevent erosion “Green Infrastructure uses vegetation, soils, and natural processes to manage water and create healthier urban environments.” -US EPA AFTER Adding ecological function to new and existing development North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC Photo credit: Jon Blasco The managed urban landscape is green infrastructure. North Carolina Stormwater Design Manual Bioretention Plant List 20+ 40+ 70+ 2018 8 22 26 2015 North Carolina Stormwater Design Manual Bioretention Plant List 2015 2018 Carex spp. Carex amphibola
    [Show full text]
  • The Amazing Diversity of Root Forms Among Native Wetland Plants
    LEAFLET 15 The amazing diversity of root forms among native wetland plants inking root architecture to soil processes is a research Roots provide these ecosystem services (and others, Lfrontier (Reubens et al. 2007). Early writings about such as carbon sequestration), but no one knows which root architecture (Lynch 1995) describe various forms native species are best at performing which service. of roots, ranging from fibrous to taproot, and a recent Hypothetically, a fibrous root system would hold the paper (De Baets et al. 2007) used the simple model of surface soil, and a taproot would, upon decay, leave a branched roots vs. carrots to compare effects of root vertical channel that would facilitate water infiltration. architecture on water erosion rates. But looking beneath But which native plants have the most effective erosion- the surface (of the soil, that is), students in Adaptive controlling roots, and which might function best for Restoration Lab (Botany 670 Class 2007) found many water infiltration? To answers these questions, Josh variations in root attributes among the 40 species they Brown grew 40 native wetland species outdoors in order studied. All were grown by Arboretum Project Assistant to compare their rooting characteristics. In addition, we Josh Brown during summer in microcosms (8" diameter, tested their performance under two soil conditions. 17" height pots) at the Arboretum’s outdoor Mesocosm Facility. TESTING THE BENEFITS OF ADDING TOPSOIL In proposing green ideas for the Arboretum’s WHY THE “GROWING INTEREST” IN ROOTS? planned stormwater facilities, we learned that project According to Reubens et al. (2007), “it is clear permitters require the addition of 6" of topsoil as a “best that control of soil movement by roots is highly management practice” for establishing vegetation in dependent on the root system architecture…very little stormwater basins and channels.
    [Show full text]
  • 'The Basket Is in the Roots, That's Where It Begins'
    UC Merced The Journal of California Anthropology Title 'The Basket is in the Roots, That's Where it Begins' Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qz254p5 Journal The Journal of California Anthropology, 3(2) Authors Peri, David W Patterson, Scott M. Publication Date 1976-12-01 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California 'The Basket Is In the Roots, That's Where It Begins' DAVID W. PERI and SCOTT M. PATTERSON EDITOR'S NOTE: The senior author. provide one of the most important basketry David W. Peri, is a member ofthe Olamentko elements used by the Pomo (Hudson 1893:567- band of Bodego Miwok and Assistant Profes­ 568; Chesnut 1902:314). Baskets made from sor of Anthropology at California State Col­ sedge form the basis for much of the Pomo's lege, Sonoma. The Bodega Miwok are located reputation for excellence in basketry, allowing in Sonoma County. for a fineness and evenness of stitch that is by some standards without equal anywhere HE renown of Pomo basketry in the (Hudson 1893:562, 576; Purdy n.d.: 19; Curtis T ethnographic literature has been based 1924:57; Kroeber 1925:144, 147). Samuel almost exclusively on form, fineness and Barrett (1908:137) observed: evenness of stitch, symmetry, design, and, to a lesser extent, technique. Pomo basketweavers, The fine woody fibers make it possible to however, have continually stressed that an dress sewing elements down to a size hard­ ly larger than that of a fine thread, and it is essential part of learning the art of basketry is from this material that almost all of the learning the art of root collection.
    [Show full text]