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Geology of and Climatic Indicators in the Westphalian a New
Document generated on 09/27/2021 7:47 p.m. Atlantic Geology Geology of and climatic indicators in the Westphalian A New Glasgow formation, Nova Scotia, Canada: implications for the genesis of coal and of sandstone-hosted lead deposits F. W. Chandler Volume 34, Number 1, Spring 1998 Article abstract By the Late Carboniferous, Late Paleozoic northward drift of the continent URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/ageo34_1art03 Laurentia had carried Nova Scotia from the southern dry climate belt into the equatorial rainy belt. Carboniferous amalgamation of Laurentia with the See table of contents southern continent Gondwana enclosed the area within the new supercontinent Pangea, imposing a gradually drying seasonal tropical climate. Disagreement exists on whether the early Pennsylvanian climate of the Publisher(s) Euramerican coal province was everwet or seasonal. Abundant paleopedological evidence, including calcrete-bearing vertisols, shows that Atlantic Geoscience Society during formation of Westphalian C to Stephanian coals in Nova Scotia, the climate was tropical and seasonal with a pronounced dry season, but ISSN interpretation of Westphalian A-B coal-bearing sequences lacks this form of evidence. Development of calcrete-bearing vertisols in alluvial fan deposits of 0843-5561 (print) the Westphalian A New Glasgow formation indicate that a tropical climate with 1718-7885 (digital) a pronounced dry season was already in force by early Westphalian time. During the dry season, the coal swamps of the early Westphalian Joggins and Explore this journal Springhill Mines formations were fed by groundwater from coeval alluvial fan deposits of the Polly Brook Formation at the basin margin. Sedimento-logical evidence indicates that, similarly, groundwater flowed northward from the toe Cite this article of the New Glasgow alluvial fan, but correlative palustrine sediments have not been found on land in the New Glasgow area. -
Figure 3A. Major Geologic Formations in West Virginia. Allegheney And
82° 81° 80° 79° 78° EXPLANATION West Virginia county boundaries A West Virginia Geology by map unit Quaternary Modern Reservoirs Qal Alluvium Permian or Pennsylvanian Period LTP d Dunkard Group LTP c Conemaugh Group LTP m Monongahela Group 0 25 50 MILES LTP a Allegheny Formation PENNSYLVANIA LTP pv Pottsville Group 0 25 50 KILOMETERS LTP k Kanawha Formation 40° LTP nr New River Formation LTP p Pocahontas Formation Mississippian Period Mmc Mauch Chunk Group Mbp Bluestone and Princeton Formations Ce Obrr Omc Mh Hinton Formation Obps Dmn Bluefield Formation Dbh Otbr Mbf MARYLAND LTP pv Osp Mg Greenbrier Group Smc Axis of Obs Mmp Maccrady and Pocono, undivided Burning Springs LTP a Mmc St Ce Mmcc Maccrady Formation anticline LTP d Om Dh Cwy Mp Pocono Group Qal Dhs Ch Devonian Period Mp Dohl LTP c Dmu Middle and Upper Devonian, undivided Obps Cw Dhs Hampshire Formation LTP m Dmn OHIO Ct Dch Chemung Group Omc Obs Dch Dbh Dbh Brailler and Harrell, undivided Stw Cwy LTP pv Ca Db Brallier Formation Obrr Cc 39° CPCc Dh Harrell Shale St Dmb Millboro Shale Mmc Dhs Dmt Mahantango Formation Do LTP d Ojo Dm Marcellus Formation Dmn Onondaga Group Om Lower Devonian, undivided LTP k Dhl Dohl Do Oriskany Sandstone Dmt Ot Dhl Helderberg Group LTP m VIRGINIA Qal Obr Silurian Period Dch Smc Om Stw Tonoloway, Wills Creek, and Williamsport Formations LTP c Dmb Sct Lower Silurian, undivided LTP a Smc McKenzie Formation and Clinton Group Dhl Stw Ojo Mbf Db St Tuscarora Sandstone Ordovician Period Ojo Juniata and Oswego Formations Dohl Mg Om Martinsburg Formation LTP nr Otbr Ordovician--Trenton and Black River, undivided 38° Mmcc Ot Trenton Group LTP k WEST VIRGINIA Obr Black River Group Omc Ordovician, middle calcareous units Mp Db Osp St. -
Jonah Nathaniel Choiniere
Jonah Nathaniel Choiniere American Museum of Natural History Division of Paleontology Central Park West at 79th Street New York, NY 10024 [email protected] (703) – 403 – 5865 (mobile) (212) – 769 – 5868 (office) Education BA 2002 Anthropology cum laude BS 2002 Geology cum laude University of Massachusetts Amherst Ph.D. 2010 Biology The George Washington University Professional Experience and Appointments 2010–2012. Kalbfleisch Fellow and Gerstner Scholar: American Museum of Natural History 2011-present. Paleontology Advisor: The Excursionist. 2010–2011. Curatorial Assistant, “The World’s Largest Dinosaurs”: American Museum of Natural History 2007—2010. Research Student: National Museum of Natural History 2002–2004. Property Manager: Boston Nature Center 2000. Archaeology Intern: Yosemite National Park Grants 2011. Co-PI Grant in Aid of Research, University of Cambridge: £17,000 2011. Jurassic Foundation Grant, Jurassic Foundation: $3084 2011. Waitt Grant, National Geographic Society: $15,000 2009. Mortensen Fund, The George Washington University: $250 2009. Exploration Fund, The Explorers Club: $1500 2009. Jurassic Foundation Grant, Jurassic Foundation: $2500 2009. Jackson School of Geosciences Travel Grant, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology: $1200 J. N. Choiniere 2 2008. East Asia and Pacific Summer Institutes Grant, National Science Foundation: $10,000 Awards and Fellowships September, 2010–August, 2012. Kalbfleisch Fellowship and Gerstner Scholar, American Museum of Natural History Fall, 2004–Spring, 2010. Weintraub Fellowship for Systematics and Evolution, The George Washington University Fall, 2009. King Fellowship, The George Washington University July, 2007. Cladistics Workshop Fellowship, The Ohio State University May, 2002. L.R. Wilson Award, University of Massachusetts Amherst Fall, 1997–Spring, 2002. Commonwealth Scholarship, University of Massachusetts Amherst Publications 2011. -
Carboniferous Coal-Bed Gas Total Petroleum System
U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1272 Assessment of Appalachian Basin Oil and Gas Resources: Carboniferous Coal-bed Gas Total Petroleum System Robert C. Milici U.S. Geological Survey 956 National Center Reston, VA 20192 1 Table of Contents Abstract Introduction East Dunkard and West Dunkard Assessment units Introduction: Stratigraphy: Pottsville Formation Allegheny Group Conemaugh Group Monongahela Group Geologic Structure: Coalbed Methane Fields and Pools: Assessment Data: Coal as a source rock for CBM: Gas-In-Place Data Thermal Maturity Generation and Migration Coal as a reservoir for CBM: Porosity and Permeability Coal Bed Distribution Cumulative Coal Thickness Seals: Depth of Burial Water Production Cumulative Production Data: Pocahontas basin and Central Appalachian Shelf Assessment Units Introduction: Stratigraphy: Pocahontas Formation New River Formation Kanawha Formation 2 Lee Formation Norton Formation Gladeville Sandstone Wise Formation Harlan Formation Breathitt Formation Geologic Structure: Coalbed Methane Fields: Coal as a Source Rock for CBM Gas-in-Place Data Thermal Maturity Generation and Migration Coal as a Reservoir for CBM: Porosity and Permeability Coal Bed Distribution Cumulative Coal Thickness Seals: Depth of Burial Water Production Cumulative Production Data: Assessment Results: Appalachian Anthracite and Semi-Anthracite Assessment Unit: Pennsylvania Anthracite Introduction: Stratigraphy: Pottsville Formation Llewellyn Formation Geologic Structure: Coal as a Source Rock for CBM: Gas-In-Place-Data Thermal -
Proceedings of the 18Th Biennial Conference of the Palaeontological Society of Southern Africa Johannesburg, 11–14 July 2014
Proceedings of the 18th Biennial Conference of the Palaeontological Society of Southern Africa Johannesburg, 11–14 July 2014 Table of Contents Letter of Welcome· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 63 Programme · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 64 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 66 Hand, K.P., Bringing Two Worlds Together: How Earth’s Past and Present Help Us Search for Life on Other Planets · · · · · · · 66 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 67 Erwin, D.H., Major Evolutionary Transitions in Early Life: A Public Goods Approach · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 67 Lelliott, A.D., A Survey of Visitors’ Experiences of Human Origins at the Cradle of Humankind, South Africa· · · · · · · · · · · · · · 68 Looy, C., The End-Permian Biotic Crisis: Why Plants Matter · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 69 Reed, K., Hominin Evolution and Habitat: The Importance of Analytical Scale · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · -
Continuous Evolutionary Change in Plio-Pleistocene Mammals of Eastern Africa
Continuous evolutionary change in Plio-Pleistocene mammals of eastern Africa Faysal Bibia,1 and Wolfgang Kiesslinga,b aMuseum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, 10115 Berlin, Germany; and bGeoZentrum Nordbayern, Paläoumwelt, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany Edited by Richard Potts, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, and accepted by the Editorial Board July 6, 2015 (received for review March 5, 2015) Much debate has revolved around the question of whether the Eastern Africa (here including Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanza- mode of evolutionary and ecological turnover in the fossil record nia, and Uganda) today encompasses primarily a single vegeta- of African mammals was continuous or pulsed, and the degree to tional zone [Somalia-Masai (27)], and constitutes a reasonable which faunal turnover tracked changes in global climate. Here, we subcontinental scale at which to examine turnover (1). We ex- assembled and analyzed large specimen databases of the fossil amine the fossil record for the occurrence of pulsed evolutionary record of eastern African Bovidae (antelopes) and Turkana Basin events (here large-scale and rapid changes in turnover rates, rel- large mammals. Our results indicate that speciation and extinction ative abundances, or body size) based on expectations from proceeded continuously throughout the Pliocene and Pleistocene, changes in global climate. In particular, there are two temporal as did increases in the relative abundance of arid-adapted bovids, intervals during which elevated mammalian speciation rates have and in bovid body mass. Species durations were similar among been reported in close timing with major global climatic changes, clades with different ecological attributes. Occupancy patterns at 3–2.5 Ma (28, 29) and 2–1.5 Ma (reviewed in ref. -
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 21 Cover
rf Predictive Stratigraphic Analysis- - Concept and Application u.s. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 21 Cover. Calcic paleo-Vertisol underlying the resistant transgressive marine limestone Little Stone Gap Member of the Hinton Formation (Upper Mississippian) in southwestern West Virginia. This paleosol is indicative of a relatively dry climate when evapotranspira- tion exceeded rainfall for more than 6 months out of the year. The light-gray color at the level of the photograph scale (center) is the result of gleying (bleaching) after burial. A calcified root system, located in the proximity of the scale, branches downward and sug gests a well-developed root system for a plant whose stem may have been up to 15 centi meters in diameter. Numerous mineralized fossil roots at this level indicate that land plants were very well adapted to seasonally dry conditions in nonwaterlogged environ ments by Late Mississippian time. Cross-cutting fractures, known as mukkara structures and caused by seasonal expansion (wet) and contraction (dry), are visible throughout the outcrop beneath the resistant limestone layer except where interrupted or destroyed by paleoroot systems. Predictive Stratigraphic Analysis Concept and Application Edited by C. Blaine Cecil and N. Terence Edgar U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2110 A collection of extended abstracts of papers presented at two workshops on the title subject UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1994 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GORDON P. EATON, Director For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. -
Synoptic Taxonomy of Major Fossil Groups
APPENDIX Synoptic Taxonomy of Major Fossil Groups Important fossil taxa are listed down to the lowest practical taxonomic level; in most cases, this will be the ordinal or subordinallevel. Abbreviated stratigraphic units in parentheses (e.g., UCamb-Ree) indicate maximum range known for the group; units followed by question marks are isolated occurrences followed generally by an interval with no known representatives. Taxa with ranges to "Ree" are extant. Data are extracted principally from Harland et al. (1967), Moore et al. (1956 et seq.), Sepkoski (1982), Romer (1966), Colbert (1980), Moy-Thomas and Miles (1971), Taylor (1981), and Brasier (1980). KINGDOM MONERA Class Ciliata (cont.) Order Spirotrichia (Tintinnida) (UOrd-Rec) DIVISION CYANOPHYTA ?Class [mertae sedis Order Chitinozoa (Proterozoic?, LOrd-UDev) Class Cyanophyceae Class Actinopoda Order Chroococcales (Archean-Rec) Subclass Radiolaria Order Nostocales (Archean-Ree) Order Polycystina Order Spongiostromales (Archean-Ree) Suborder Spumellaria (MCamb-Rec) Order Stigonematales (LDev-Rec) Suborder Nasselaria (Dev-Ree) Three minor orders KINGDOM ANIMALIA KINGDOM PROTISTA PHYLUM PORIFERA PHYLUM PROTOZOA Class Hexactinellida Order Amphidiscophora (Miss-Ree) Class Rhizopodea Order Hexactinosida (MTrias-Rec) Order Foraminiferida* Order Lyssacinosida (LCamb-Rec) Suborder Allogromiina (UCamb-Ree) Order Lychniscosida (UTrias-Rec) Suborder Textulariina (LCamb-Ree) Class Demospongia Suborder Fusulinina (Ord-Perm) Order Monaxonida (MCamb-Ree) Suborder Miliolina (Sil-Ree) Order Lithistida -
Field Guide to the Geology of Parts of the Appalachian Highlands and Adjacent Interior Plains
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 262 974 SE 046 186 AUTHOR McKenzie, Garry D.; Utgard, Russell 0. TITLL Field Guide to the Geology of Parts of the Appalachian Highlands and Adjacent Interior Plains. INSTITUTION Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Geology and Mineralogy. PUB DATE 85 NOTE 140p.; Document contains several colored maps which may not reproduce clearly. PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom Use - Materials (For Learner) (051) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *College Science; *Field Trips; *Geology; Higher Education; *Science Activities; Science Education ABSTRACT This field guide is the basis for a five-day, 1000-mile trip through six states and six geomorphic provinces. The trip and the pre- and post-trip exercises included in the guide constitute a three credit course at The Ohio State University entitled "Field Geology for Science Teachers." The purpose of the trip is tc study the regional geology, which ranges from Quaternary glacial deposits through a folded and faulted Paleozoic terrane to an igneous and metamorphic terrane. Study of geomorphological features and the application of geomorphology to aid in understanding the geology are also important objectives of the field trip. The trip also provides the opportunity to observe and study relationships between the geology of an area, its natural resources, and the culture and life styles of the inhabitants. For teachers participating in the trip, it demonstrates the advantages of teaching a subject like geology in the field and the nature of field evidence. In addition to a road log and stop descriptions, the guide includes a very brief introduction to the geology of the Appalachian Highlands and the Interior Plains, a review of geological terms, concepts, and techniques, and notes on preparing for and running field trips. -
Controls on Associations of Clay Minerals in Phanerozoic Evaporite Formations: an Overview
minerals Article Controls on Associations of Clay Minerals in Phanerozoic Evaporite Formations: An Overview Yaroslava Yaremchuk 1, Sofiya Hryniv 1, Tadeusz Peryt 2,*, Serhiy Vovnyuk 1 and Fanwei Meng 3 1 Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 3a Naukova St., 79060 Lviv, Ukraine; [email protected] (Y.Y.); [email protected] (S.H.); [email protected] (S.V.) 2 Polish Geological Institute-National Research Institute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warszawa, Poland 3 State Key Laboratory for Paleobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing East Road 39#, Nanjing 210021, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 19 September 2020; Accepted: 30 October 2020; Published: 1 November 2020 Abstract: Information on the associations of clay minerals in Upper Proterozoic and Phanerozoic marine evaporite formations suggests that cyclic changes in the (SO4-rich and Ca-rich) chemical type of seawater during the Phanerozoic could affect the composition of associations of authigenic clay minerals in marine evaporite deposits. The vast majority of evaporite clay minerals are authigenic. The most common are illite, chlorite, smectite and disordered mixed-layer illite-smectite and chlorite-smectite; all the clay minerals are included regardless of their quantity. Corrensite, sepiolite, palygorskite and talc are very unevenly distributed in the Phanerozoic. Other clay minerals (perhaps with the exception of kaolinite) are very rare. Evaporites precipitated during periods of SO4-rich seawater type are characterized by both a greater number and a greater variety of clay minerals—smectite and mixed-layer minerals, as well as Mg-corrensite, palygorskite, sepiolite, and talc, are more common in associations. -
Andrew Y. Glikson Colin Groves the Deep Time Dimensions of The
Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences Andrew Y. Glikson Colin Groves Climate, Fire and Human Evolution The Deep Time Dimensions of the Anthropocene Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences Volume 10 Series editor Yildirim Dilek , Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University , Oxford , OH, U.S.A Franco Pirajno , Geological Survey of Western Australia, and The University of Western, Australia, Perth , Australia M. J. R. Wortel , Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7377 Andrew Y. Glikson • Colin Groves Climate, Fire and Human Evolution The Deep Time Dimensions of the Anthropocene Andrew Y. Glikson Colin Groves School of Archaeology and Anthropology School of Archaeology and Anthropology Australian National University Australian National University Canberra, ACT, Australia Canberra , ACT , Australia Responsible Series Editor: F. Pirajno This book represents an expansion of the book by Andrew Y. Glikson, Evolution of the Atmosphere, Fire and the Anthropocene Climate Event Horizon (Springer, 2014). ISSN 1876-1682 ISSN 1876-1690 (electronic) Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences ISBN 978-3-319-22511-1 ISBN 978-3-319-22512-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-22512-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015951975 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. -
Continuous Evolutionary Change in Plio-Pleistocene Mammals of Eastern Africa
Continuous evolutionary change in Plio-Pleistocene mammals of eastern Africa Faysal Bibia,1 and Wolfgang Kiesslinga,b aMuseum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, 10115 Berlin, Germany; and bGeoZentrum Nordbayern, Paläoumwelt, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany Edited by Richard Potts, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, and accepted by the Editorial Board July 6, 2015 (received for review March 5, 2015) Much debate has revolved around the question of whether the Eastern Africa (here including Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanza- mode of evolutionary and ecological turnover in the fossil record nia, and Uganda) today encompasses primarily a single vegeta- of African mammals was continuous or pulsed, and the degree to tional zone [Somalia-Masai (27)], and constitutes a reasonable which faunal turnover tracked changes in global climate. Here, we subcontinental scale at which to examine turnover (1). We ex- assembled and analyzed large specimen databases of the fossil amine the fossil record for the occurrence of pulsed evolutionary record of eastern African Bovidae (antelopes) and Turkana Basin events (here large-scale and rapid changes in turnover rates, rel- large mammals. Our results indicate that speciation and extinction ative abundances, or body size) based on expectations from proceeded continuously throughout the Pliocene and Pleistocene, changes in global climate. In particular, there are two temporal as did increases in the relative abundance of arid-adapted bovids, intervals during which elevated mammalian speciation rates have and in bovid body mass. Species durations were similar among been reported in close timing with major global climatic changes, clades with different ecological attributes. Occupancy patterns at 3–2.5 Ma (28, 29) and 2–1.5 Ma (reviewed in ref.