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THE DIGGING STICK Volume 13, No
~_.THE DIGGING STICK Volume 13, No. 3 ISSN 1013-7521 November 1996 AN ENGRAVED TOUCHSTONE FROM THE FREE STATE Sven Ouzman On the southern banks of the Vaal River in the Boshof District of the Free State is a low eminence peppered with amygdaloidal andesite boulders (Figure 2). Though visually unassuming, this low eminence has a long history of visitation and marking by animals and humans. For example, twenty two of the andesite boulders have been rubbed smooth by rhinoceroses and hippopotamuses seeking to remove ectoparasites from their bodies. In addition, persistent scatters of Later Stone Age lithics at the site provide evidence of human visitation. Evidence of human marking is .... - - - ..... , \ \ \ I I I \ I \ I / \ / ' \ I I / ./' - / I/'\ / / /, \ I ( 1/ \ \ \ \ 1 \ \ \ \ / I \ \ If ~ I I 1-- - I I \ I I '\ : I \ I I \ 1/ \ // / '·f,···, \ / , \ / \ / I / \ / Figure 1. Redrawing of the rhinoceros engraved on the touchstone with rubbed area'shown in black and flake scars indicated by a dashed line. Scale bar is 30 mm. provided by the 263 andesite boulders that bear engraved images of the kind mo~t often ascribed to San hunter-gatherers. The Boshof engraving site covers an area of 7 500 m and features a wide range of imagery including antelope, eland, elephant, geometric motifs, giraffe, hippopota mus, ostrich, rhinoceros and zebra. Many of these images appear true to life but equally, many of the engravings have visual signifiers, such as the impossibly long horns engraved on an antelope, which indicate that southern African rock engravings, like the better-understood rock paintings, relate strongly to San religion. -
Kapthurin Formation of Kenya, Full-Scale Block Excavation, with Some 52-M2 Surface Which Preserves a Welldated Sequence Ofacheulian Excavated in 2001
WAMEAKUMA The Kaptlrnrin Formation The Kapthurin Formation is exposed west of Middle Pleistocene shes from Lake Baringo, Kenya, and forms the Middle the 'southern" Kapthurin Pleistoctneportionofthe~mHillssequence(see Formation of Kenya Hill 2002 and refirences therein). Hominid remains have been rccovcftd from sediments bracketed by Christian A. Tryon the Pumice Tuffmcmbcr(K2) and the 'Grcy Tuff;' University of Connecticut now dated by the 'OArPAr method to between 509 Department of Anthropology 9 ka and 543 f 4 ka @em and McBrearty 2002; BOX U-2176 Wood 1999). Archaeological sites arc aUriile Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA the Acheulian, MSA and possibly Sangoan and E-mail: [email protected] Faunsrmth.* TheseoccurwithintheMiddleSihsand Gravels member (K3) and tbc overlying Bddcd Tuff member (K4), the latter a complex of tufibous de positsandintercalatcdscdiment(Tal1m 1976,1978, Introduction Cornelissen et al. 1990; McBrearty et d. 1996; McBrearty 1999; Tryon and McBrearty 2002~). Fossil and genetic evidence is consistent with Tcphmstxatigraphic correlatim and a sequence of Afiican origin for sapiens during Mid- an Homo the '"ArPArdates on Wand lava document the tempo- dle Pleistocene (Stringer and An- 1988; Howell ral succession and age of these sites. This work has 1999; McBWand Brooks 2000). One notable demonstrated the complexity of the Acheulien-MSA feature of the Afican Middle Pleistocene archaeo- aansitioq with intmtmtified Achwlian and MSA logical word is the end Of the IMg-livad A&& sites,andshown~thistransitimwithiatheBaringo Industrial Complex and its replacement by diverse basin had by -285 Ica (TIYOUand McBrtarty industries of the Middle Stone Age (MSA) (Isaac 200% bin0 and McBreglty 2002). 1982; Clark 1994; McBrearty 2001). -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses Neolithic and chalcolithic cultures in Turkish Thrace Erdogu, Burcin How to cite: Erdogu, Burcin (2001) Neolithic and chalcolithic cultures in Turkish Thrace, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3994/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk NEOLITHIC AND CHALCOLITHIC CULTURES IN TURKISH THRACE Burcin Erdogu Thesis Submitted for Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. University of Durham Department of Archaeology 2001 Burcin Erdogu PhD Thesis NeoHthic and ChalcoHthic Cultures in Turkish Thrace ABSTRACT The subject of this thesis are the NeoHthic and ChalcoHthic cultures in Turkish Thrace. Turkish Thrace acts as a land bridge between the Balkans and Anatolia. -
Models and Methods of Tectonic Geomorphology and the Reconstruction of Hominin Landscapes
This is a repository copy of Landscapes of human evolution : models and methods of tectonic geomorphology and the reconstruction of hominin landscapes. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/11178/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Bailey, G.N. orcid.org/0000-0003-2656-830X, Reynolds, Sally and King, G.C.P. (2011) Landscapes of human evolution : models and methods of tectonic geomorphology and the reconstruction of hominin landscapes. Journal of Human Evolution. pp. 257-80. ISSN 0047-2484 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.01.004 Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ This is an author-created pdf. Cite as: In press, J Hum Evol (2010), doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.01.004 Landscapes of human evolution: models and methods of tectonic geomorphology and the reconstruction of hominin landscapes Geoffrey N. Bailey 1 Sally C. Reynolds 2, 3 Geoffrey C. -
Computation (Abacus) Aspects of the Sahasralingam
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 143 – No.13, June 2016 Computation (Abacus) Aspects of the Sahasralingam Jayabrata Mukherjee Deepak Bhattacharya, PhD Murugeshpallya, C/o Sri Radha Krishna, Bangalore-17, Karnataka, India Kedar Gouri Road, Bhubaneswar-751002, India. ABSTRACT used to conduct such & related studies. Herein, the India claims deep heritage in ancient sciences and specially Sahasralingam has been imagined as an abacus; numbers from in Mathematics & Astronomy – which means computation. 1-to-1020 have imputed and the results are presented as Evidence based works not noted (archaeology platform). tentative findings. The deductions posit as having unique and Sahasralingam (million indicator) is a artifact of indo novel applications in computation with versatility. Such type archaeology. One devise from Bhubaneswar is studied from of study and report has not been done pre to this computation aspects. Has 1020 indentures which transpires as communication. magic number. Sets of various types; Fibonacci; Pi; Permits The historical cum cultural identity of the candidate continuous computations viz., calculus, algebra, discreet math archaeology‘s locale is Kalinga (cleaver & intelligent) [3], in imperative and declarative languages; offers semantics; Utkala (excellent) and Kosala (capable), which have an embedment; steganography & VLSI type; lattices of various enviable heritage in high rise construction (intact array); orders; types & axis; symmetry with versatility and an architecture[4, 5]; compass & maritime engineering [6-7]; extraordinary level of mathematical maturity is reported from inspirational designs [8]; positional astronomy [9,10] and the first time. 1020 posits also as unique & novel testing archaeoastronomy [11,12] continuously from c.6th A.D [13], platform number. -
Pleistocene Palaeoart of Africa
Arts 2013, 2, 6-34; doi:10.3390/arts2010006 OPEN ACCESS arts ISSN 2076-0752 www.mdpi.com/journal/arts Review Pleistocene Palaeoart of Africa Robert G. Bednarik International Federation of Rock Art Organizations (IFRAO), P.O. Box 216, Caulfield South, VIC 3162, Australia; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-3-95230549; Fax: +61-3-95230549 Received: 22 December 2012; in revised form: 22 January 2013 / Accepted: 23 January 2013 / Published: 8 February 2013 Abstract: This comprehensive review of all currently known Pleistocene rock art of Africa shows that the majority of sites are located in the continent’s south, but that the petroglyphs at some of them are of exceptionally great antiquity. Much the same applies to portable palaeoart of Africa. The current record is clearly one of paucity of evidence, in contrast to some other continents. Nevertheless, an initial synthesis is attempted, and some preliminary comparisons with the other continents are attempted. Certain parallels with the existing record of southern Asia are defined. Keywords: rock art; portable palaeoart; Pleistocene; figurine; bead; engraving; Africa 1. Introduction Although palaeoart of the Pleistocene occurs in at least five continents (Bednarik 1992a, 2003a) [38,49], most people tend to think of Europe first when the topic is mentioned. This is rather odd, considering that this form of evidence is significantly more common elsewhere, and very probably even older there. For instance there are far less than 10,000 motifs in the much-studied corpus of European rock art of the Ice Age, which are outnumbered by the number of publications about them. -
The Denisova Hominin Need Not Be an out of Africa Story
Journal of Human Evolution 60 (2011) 251e255 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Human Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jhevol News and Views The Denisova hominin need not be an out of Africa story María Martinón-Torres a,*, Robin Dennell b, José María Bermúdez de Castro a a National Research Centre on Human Evolution (CENIEH), Paseo Sierra de Atapuerca s/n, 09002 Burgos, Spain b Department of Archaeology, Northgate House, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4ET, UK article info Giraffa camelopardis at Latamne, Syria, from the late Early Pleisto- cene (Guérin et al., 1993) (depending on whether or not the gravels Article history: underlying the Acheulean horizon at this site are regarded as late Received 7 May 2010 Early Pleistocene in age); and the African suid Kalpochoerus at Accepted 5 October 2010 Evron, Israel, ca. 1.0 Ma (Tchernov et al., 1994). Theropithecus, Keywords: Palaeoloxodon antiquus, Panthera leo, and Panthera pardus were Evolutionary scenario other mammals that left Africa in the Early Pleistocene (Martínez- Atapuerca Navarro and Rabinovich, in press). There is also archaeological Eurasia evidence of at least two hominin dispersals before 0.7 Ma. The first Hominin dispersals is marked by the appearance of an early Acheulean bifacial tech- Homo heidelbergensis nology at ‘Ubeidiya, Israel, ca. 1.4e1.5 Ma (Bar-Yosef and Goren- Inbar, 1993), and the second is marked by the appearance of African types of cleavers at Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov (GBY), Israel, ca. 780 ka (Saragusti and Goren-Inbar, 2001). Both of these dispersals The recent retrieval of a complete mitochondrial (mt) DNA appear to have been very localised within Asia, as there is no sequence from a 48e30 ka human bone from Denisova (Siberia) unequivocal evidence of Acheulean assemblages outside the Levant (Krause et al., 2010) is a remarkable achievement fully deserving until ca. -
The Aurignacian Viewed from Africa
Aurignacian Genius: Art, Technology and Society of the First Modern Humans in Europe Proceedings of the International Symposium, April 08-10 2013, New York University THE AURIGNACIAN VIEWED FROM AFRICA Christian A. TRYON Introduction 20 The African archeological record of 43-28 ka as a comparison 21 A - The Aurignacian has no direct equivalent in Africa 21 B - Archaic hominins persist in Africa through much of the Late Pleistocene 24 C - High modification symbolic artifacts in Africa and Eurasia 24 Conclusions 26 Acknowledgements 26 References cited 27 To cite this article Tryon C. A. , 2015 - The Aurignacian Viewed from Africa, in White R., Bourrillon R. (eds.) with the collaboration of Bon F., Aurignacian Genius: Art, Technology and Society of the First Modern Humans in Europe, Proceedings of the International Symposium, April 08-10 2013, New York University, P@lethnology, 7, 19-33. http://www.palethnologie.org 19 P@lethnology | 2015 | 19-33 Aurignacian Genius: Art, Technology and Society of the First Modern Humans in Europe Proceedings of the International Symposium, April 08-10 2013, New York University THE AURIGNACIAN VIEWED FROM AFRICA Christian A. TRYON Abstract The Aurignacian technocomplex in Eurasia, dated to ~43-28 ka, has no direct archeological taxonomic equivalent in Africa during the same time interval, which may reflect differences in inter-group communication or differences in archeological definitions currently in use. Extinct hominin taxa are present in both Eurasia and Africa during this interval, but the African archeological record has played little role in discussions of the demographic expansion of Homo sapiens, unlike the Aurignacian. Sites in Eurasia and Africa by 42 ka show the earliest examples of personal ornaments that result from extensive modification of raw materials, a greater investment of time that may reflect increased their use in increasingly diverse and complex social networks. -
Paleoanthropology Society Meeting Abstracts, Memphis, Tn, 17-18 April 2012
PALEOANTHROPOLOGY SOCIETY MEETING ABSTRACTS, MEMPHIS, TN, 17-18 APRIL 2012 Paleolithic Foragers of the Hrazdan Gorge, Armenia Daniel Adler, Anthropology, University of Connecticut, USA B. Yeritsyan, Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology & Ethnography, ARMENIA K. Wilkinson, Archaeology, Winchester University, UNITED KINGDOM R. Pinhasi, Archaeology, UC Cork, IRELAND B. Gasparyan, Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology & Ethnography, ARMENIA For more than a century numerous archaeological sites attributed to the Middle Paleolithic have been investigated in the Southern Caucasus, but to date few have been excavated, analyzed, or dated using modern techniques. Thus only a handful of sites provide the contextual data necessary to address evolutionary questions regarding regional hominin adaptations and life-ways. This talk will consider current archaeological research in the Southern Caucasus, specifically that being conducted in the Republic of Armenia. While the relative frequency of well-studied Middle Paleolithic sites in the Southern Caucasus is low, those considered in this talk, Nor Geghi 1 (late Middle Pleistocene) and Lusakert Cave 1 (Upper Pleistocene), span a variety of environmental, temporal, and cultural contexts that provide fragmentary glimpses into what were complex and evolving patterns of subsistence, settlement, and mobility over the last ~200,000 years. While a sample of two sites is too small to attempt a serious reconstruction of Middle Paleolithic life-ways across such a vast and environmentally diverse region, the sites -
Jonah Nathaniel Choiniere
Jonah Nathaniel Choiniere American Museum of Natural History Division of Paleontology Central Park West at 79th Street New York, NY 10024 [email protected] (703) – 403 – 5865 (mobile) (212) – 769 – 5868 (office) Education BA 2002 Anthropology cum laude BS 2002 Geology cum laude University of Massachusetts Amherst Ph.D. 2010 Biology The George Washington University Professional Experience and Appointments 2010–2012. Kalbfleisch Fellow and Gerstner Scholar: American Museum of Natural History 2011-present. Paleontology Advisor: The Excursionist. 2010–2011. Curatorial Assistant, “The World’s Largest Dinosaurs”: American Museum of Natural History 2007—2010. Research Student: National Museum of Natural History 2002–2004. Property Manager: Boston Nature Center 2000. Archaeology Intern: Yosemite National Park Grants 2011. Co-PI Grant in Aid of Research, University of Cambridge: £17,000 2011. Jurassic Foundation Grant, Jurassic Foundation: $3084 2011. Waitt Grant, National Geographic Society: $15,000 2009. Mortensen Fund, The George Washington University: $250 2009. Exploration Fund, The Explorers Club: $1500 2009. Jurassic Foundation Grant, Jurassic Foundation: $2500 2009. Jackson School of Geosciences Travel Grant, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology: $1200 J. N. Choiniere 2 2008. East Asia and Pacific Summer Institutes Grant, National Science Foundation: $10,000 Awards and Fellowships September, 2010–August, 2012. Kalbfleisch Fellowship and Gerstner Scholar, American Museum of Natural History Fall, 2004–Spring, 2010. Weintraub Fellowship for Systematics and Evolution, The George Washington University Fall, 2009. King Fellowship, The George Washington University July, 2007. Cladistics Workshop Fellowship, The Ohio State University May, 2002. L.R. Wilson Award, University of Massachusetts Amherst Fall, 1997–Spring, 2002. Commonwealth Scholarship, University of Massachusetts Amherst Publications 2011. -
Diretor Eoonft^Ro Fl^H^H^HH
-{¦»»"<¦<» .«|i.» vw-m ...... *.v V-;« • • . ¦ »••• ."¦ ' ¦ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^mKmmmmmmMmmmmi ^àb ftll.a.. ...¦ æ' "%#f ABROPORTO-0 è. B f hri^entes argentinos só deixam Brasil treinar em campinJio - æ/\y,p»»a>i> f de pelada || ^»oa Pagino 22 M? 6t an EMB.AMERICA Thr A ' •tlrcttr.VfttMettai C * a v • •-« • J «Io rttasi «a jurau* dt Jaaelre, •¦. BI-HtMit-tetuáreli^¦rtslt tlrra.filra, 17-7-lttl luto Otratue ia Magalhlti Ate LXXI _ Correio da Manha N.« U»U 2M ABOLO SUPERA MLHA • COLEBA-AVene-uf 1* foi o ptimtlro palt ml- •merictno ¦ tomar providên- clu prtvtntlvtt contrt o turto de cólera que começa a aparecer na Espanha. A partir dt ontem, nos portos e, aeroportos venezuelanos, SEGUE RUMO está sendo exigido um cer- A LUA tlflctdo do vacina 1.E contra a cólera aos ptiitgciroí pro* Algumas horas cadentes dt cidades tspanho* Ias. No Brasil, ainda nlo foi diretor após um tomada EOONft^ro nenhuma medida dt' lançamento sem prevenção, pois o Ministério fl^H^H^HH da Saúde ainda nlo recebeu problemas, qualquer comunicado da considerado dos Orguüiaçfo Mundial de Abate de Saúde. Entretanto, vai ser mais a •idades ai auto* gado perfeitos, brasileiras afirmam NASA esteve a que estlo vigilantes para a fiscalização e — st necessa- reduzido ponto de suspender no — vacinação dos paisa* em agosto a missão Apolo-15. geiroa procedentes de cerca já de trinta tia Aírlca Logo depois da países e A partir de 18 de agosto da Ásia. próximo, o abate de gado bovino operação de pelos frigoríficos será reduzido a 50 cento da média das • BALAIO - O "Baiaio". -
The Digging Stick
- - -, THE DIGGING STICK Volume 6, No. 3 ISSN 1013-7521 November 1989 Rock engravings from the Bronze Age at Molteberg, landscape. There are two more pairs of feet to the right. south of Sarpsborg, N Olway. The engravings are found From a postcard published by Will Otnes, one of our on a horizontal rock overlooking an agricultural members who lives in Norway. (See also page 9.) South African Archaeological Society THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SETTING OF GENADENDAL, THE FIRST MISSION STATION IN SOUTH AFRICA A.J.B. HUMPHREYS Introduction monial threshold'. The period before the testimonial The mission station established in 1737 by George threshold falls entirely within the domain of archaeology Schmidt near what is today Genadendal has the distinc in that evidence of any events that occurred is recover tion of being the first such station in South Africa. Its able only through the use of archaeological techniques. purpose was, however, not simply to convert the local Once oral and written records begin to emerge, archaeo Khoikhoi to Christianity but, as Henry Bredekamp has logy becomes one of several different approaches to recently pointed out, Schmidt had as one of his primary studying the past of Genadendal. But despite the exist aims the complete religious and socio-economic trans ence of a testimonial record, archaeology can provide a formation of Khoikhoi society in that area. As Genaden dimension that would otherwise be lacking, particularly dal is situated within the region occupied by the Chain if the written portion of the record is the product of only oqua, Schmidt's efforts represent the first active Euro one of the parties involved in the interaction.