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Floras of the Pocono Formation and Price Sandstone in Parts of Pennsylvania, Maryland West Virginia, and Virginia

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Floras of the Pocono Formation and Price Sandstone in Parts of Pennsylvania, Maryland West Virginia, and Virginia Floras of the Pocono Formation and Price Sandstone in Parts of Pennsylvania, Maryland West Virginia, and Virginia GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 263 Floras of the Pocono Formation and Price Sandstone in Parts of Pennsylvania, Maryland West Virginia, and Virginia By CHARLES B. READ GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 263 Including descriptions of 22 new species, I new genus, and 4. new combinations of Mississippian age UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1955 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Douglas McKay, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. CONTENTS Page Page Abstract-__________________________________________ 1 Collection localities.__________-____-___-_----_______ 14 Introduction.______________________________________ 1 Adiantites flora.___________--______-------_----_ 15 History of paleobotanical investigations.______________ 2 Triphyllopteris flora.____________________________ 15 History of stratigraphic nomenclature of the Pocono for­ Floras of the Mauch Chunk and other higher Missis- mation and the Price sandstone___________________ sippian formations____-----_-__--------_-----_ 16 Floral differentiation in the Pocono formation and the Descriptions of species_____________________________ 16 Price sandstone_______________________________ Lower Pocono formation and Price sandstone. _____ 16 Catskill formation._____________________________ Tipper Pocono formation and Price sandstone. _____ 21 Lower Pocono formation and Price sandstone. _____ Ferns and fernlike plants__________________— 21 Tipper Pocono formation and Price sandstone_____ Lepidodendrales_ _ __________________________ 25 Floras of the lower part of the Mauch Chunk shale Mauch Chunk shale and equivalent formations- _____ 27 and equivalent formations— ___________________ 12 Literature cited___________________________________ 29 Summary of floral succession.____________________ 12 Index._________-___-______----____--_------__---__ 31 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates follow index] PLATE 1. Sphenopteridium and Carpolithes PLATE 11. Adiantites and Triphyllopteris 2. Cardiopteris and Adiantites 12. Adiantites and Triphyttopteris 3. Rhodea and Adiantites 13. Adiantites and Triphyllopteris 4. Rhodea 14. Adiantites 5. Triphyllopteris 15. Girtya 6. Triphyllopteris 16. Alcicornopteris, Oirtya, Rhodea, and Rhacopteris 7. Triphyllopteris and Adiantites 17. Lagenospermum, Calathiops, and Alcicornopteris 8. Triphyllopteris 18. Rhodea, Rhacopteris, and Lepidodendropsis 9. Cardiopteris and Triphyllopteris 19. Lepidodendropsis 10. Cardiopteris, Adiantites, and Triphyllopteris 20. Lepidodendropsis Page FIGURE 1. Map showing geographic positions of sections examined and localities where collections were obtained. 14 ill FLORAS OF THE POCONO FORMATION AND PRICE SANDSTONE IN PARTS OF PENNSYLVANIA, MARYLAND, WEST VIRGINIA, AND VIRGINIA By CHARLES B. READ ABSTRACT the post-Pocono Mississippian floras may be equally distinct from those of the Pocono and Price. This report embodies the results of several years' investi­ New species or new combinations described and known spe­ gations of the floras of the Pocono formation and Price sand­ cies redescribed are as follows: stone. These formations contain floras of Mississippian age. The area in which they have been studied extends from the Lower part of Pocono and Price—zone of Adiantites: Lehigh River, northeastern Pennsylvania, to Pulaski County, Rhacopteris latifolia (Arnold), n. comb.; Adiantites spec- southwestern Virginia. For the most part, work has been re­ taUlis, n. sp.; A. ungeri, n. sp.; A. cyclopteroides, n. sp.; stricted to the landward facies of the formations, that is to say, A, cardiopteroides, n. sp.; Rhodea tionestana, n. sp.; R. the eastern and southeastern belts of outcrop. In addition, alleghanensis, n. sp.; Alcicornopteris anthracitica, n. sp.; there are brief discussions of the higher Mississippian floras in A. altoonensis, n. sp.; Lagenospernwm sp.; CalatMops the Mauch Chunk shale and correlative formations, and several pottsvillensis, n. sp.; Girtya pennsylvanica, n. sp. species are described. Upper part of Pocono and Price—zone of Triphyllopteris: The Pocono from Lehigh to Susquehanna Rivers, Pennsyl­ Cardiopteris antecedens, n. sp.; C, irregularis, n. sp.; Rhodea vania, is shown to range from approximately 1,100 to 1,600 feet Wacksburgensis, n. sp.; R. vespertina, n. sp.; R. sp.; Tri­ in thickness, coarse elastics comprising the greater part of the phyllopteris alleghanensis (Meek), n. comb.; T. latilobata, unit. In the upper part there are numerous coaly partings by n. sp.; T. lescuriana (Meek) Lesquereux; 5P. virginiana which an upper coal-bearing zone can be recognized. This zone (Meek), n. comb.; T. rarinervis, n. sp.; T. ~biloba, n. sp.; is characterized by an abundance of species of Triphyllopteris. Lagenospermum imparirameum Arnold; Lepidodendropsia Another floral zone near the base of the section is characterized sooUniformis (Meek), n. comb.; L. sigillarioides Jongmans, by species of Adiantites. Gothan, and Darrah; L. vandergrachti Jongmans, Gothan, On the east side of Broad Top syncline, Pennsylvania, the and Darrah. formation appears similar to the sequence in the anthracite Mauch Chunk shale: Sphenopteridium virginianum, n. sp.; 8. region and is 1,200 to 1,400 feet thick. Westward the forma­ Irrooksi, n. sp.; 8. girtyi, n. sp.; Cardiopteris abbensis, n. sp.; tion becomes marine, and coal beds are no longer present. In Adiantites ~beechensis, n. sp.; Carpolithes virginianus, n. sp. Meadow Branch syncline, Maryland and West Virginia, the Pocono is 1,000 to 1,200 feet thick and includes only the Rockwell INTRODUCTION formation, Purslane sandstone, and Hedges shale of Stose and Swartz. The Myers shale and Pinkerton sandstone are believed For short intervals during the period 1936-39, the to be equivalent to the Mauch Chunk shale and basal Pennsyl- writer had the opportunity to study in the field certain vanian. The Hedges shale is shown to be the zone of Triphyllop- areas of outcrop of the Pocono formation and Price teris. Along the Allegheny Front in the vicinity of Altoona, sandstone and to examine carefully both in field and Pa., the Pocono carries only the Adiantites flora. The occur­ laboratory the contained floras. Sections were studied rence of strata that contain the Triphyllopteris flora has not been established. and collections of plants made along the southern In the Valley coal field of Virginia, valuable coal beds occur margin of outcrop of the Pocono from Mauch Chunk, in the upper part of the Price sandstone, which is the equivalent Pa., to the Susquehanna Kiver above Harrisburg, Pa.; of the Pocono in that region. These coal beds are in the upper in and around the Broad Top coal field, chiefly in Bed­ part of the formation and are associated with the Triphyllopteris flora. Succeeding the Price sandstone are redbeds known as ford County, Pa.; along the Allegheny Front from the Maccrady shale. This unit carries numerous coaly hori­ about Philipsburg, Pa., south into Maryland and West zons, as indicated by coal streaks and beds of underclay or soil Virginia; at a few points where interesting collections zones. The Maccrady is believed to interfinger with the Price required a field review of stratigraphic data in the pla­ to some extent, although the evidence is not conclusive. teau region of northwestern Pennsylvania; in Sleepy It is apparent that the flora of the Upper Devonian Catskill Creek Mountain, W. Va.; around Cheat Mountain in formation characterized by Archaeopteris spp. is distinct from the floras of the lower Mississippian Pocono formation and Kandolph County, W. Va.; in the Pocono outlier near Price sandstone. The meager available evidence suggests that Kawley Springs, Va.; from the Price sandstone in the FLORAS OF THE POCONO FORMATION AND PRICE SANDSTONE region around Lewisburg, W. Va., and White Sulphur 158), and in "The geology of Pennsylvania" (Rogers, Springs, W. Va.; and farther south in the Eidge and 1858, p. 108, 141-146) there is found mention, for the Valley province of the Appalachian Mountains into first time, of the occurrence of fossil plants in this unit. Pulaski County, Va. The writer's chief interest was in Lesquereux (1858) figured and briefly described from the fossil floras and their positions in the sections, af­ the Vespertine the spfecies Noeggerathia bockschiana fording an opportunity for application of the plants to [Adiantites ungeri, n. sp.] and Lepidodendron sp. problems of stratigraphic geology. Concentration was [L]epidodendropsis sp. ] The rather common occurrence on the more landward phases of the sequences, and little of the former species was reported. attempt was made to examine regions where the section In 1880 a rather important, though brief, contribu­ is marine. tion by Meek was published posthumously. While visit­ During the course of field investigations of the Po- ing at White Sulphur Springs, W. Va., Meek became cono and Price, the overlying Mauch Chunk shale, which interested in the succession of strata in the vicinity, and is also of Mississippian age, was generally examined. visited the Devonian and Mississippian exposures in Fossil plants that have been collected from several lo­ the cuts of the Chesapeake and Ohio Eailroad at Lewis calities in this sequence of red beds were studied in Tunnel. His paper (Meek, 1880, p. i-xix, pis. 1,2) gives the laboratory, and the results are incorporated in
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