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GLASS IONOMER MATERIALS Definition: aluminosilicate glass and water soluble acidic polymer of poly acrylic acid COMPOSITION AND TYPES HYDROUS Powder: aluminosilicate glass fillers Contains (alumina,quartz,fluorite,aluminum fluorid, aluminum phosphate and sodium fluoride. Lanthanum added for radiopacities) The mixture is heated—quenched—milled— glass powder COMPOSITION AND TYPES HYDROUS Liquid 50%aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid It contains various acids such as: Itaconic, tartaric , maleic and tricarballic acids to 1-increase its reactivity 2-decrease its viscosity 3-tartaric acid added as accelerator to shorten setting time COMPOSITION AND TYPES Anhydrous The liquid could be freez or vacuum dried and added to the powder This is to overcome the problem of gelation that occur for the liquid The liquid in this case is water or water and tartaric acid MODIFICATIONS OF GIC Fast setting glass ionomer By reduction of calcium % Admixture GIC powder+amalgam alloy powder Improved strength and decrease solubility Disadv—metal particles not bonded to the set material---increase wear MODIFICATIONS OF GIC Ceramic metalGIC or cermet Silver metal sintered to glass Improved abrasion resistance Discolor the tooth Used in core build up, base and amalgam repair High viscosityGIC High powder content High strength properties High wear resistance MODIFICATIONS OF GIC Ceramic metalGIC or cermet Silver metal sintered to glass Improved abrasion resistance Discolor the tooth Used in core build up, base and amalgam repair High viscosityGIC High powder content High strength properties High wear resistance resin-modified glass ionomer Incorporation of resin into the GIC improvements in structure and properties. nano-ionomer is a type of resin-modified glass ionomer that have nano-sized fillers to improve the strength, optical properties and abrasion resistance of GIC. CLASSIFICATION Type I : luting Type II: restorative type II1:esthetic restoration type II2:reinforced restorative admixture and cermet Type III: liner and base SETTING REACTION Phase I(ion leaching phase) release of ca and Al from glass surface mix---shiny and glossy free carboxylic ions for chemical adhesion with tooth structure Phase II: hydrogel phase(initial set) Rigid and opaque Phase III:POLY SALT GEL(FINAL SET) Cross linking of AL ions lead to final set and hardening ADVANTAGES Adhesion to tooth structure ADVANTAGES Fluorid release and recharge 1-fluoride burst 2-decline within the first week 3-stablize after 2-3months Clinical significant -Caries protection(anticariogenic) -remineralization N:B---application of topical fluorid ---- recharging---fluorida reservior ADVANTAGES Fluoride cycle ADVANTAGES Biocompatibility 1-anticariogenic---decrease bacterial adhesion ---bacteriostatic effect (mainly S.m) 2-sealing potential---chemical adhesion 3-pulpal and soft tissue response—favorable As poly acrylic acid—weak, high molecular weight ADVANTAGES Dimensional stability 1- low setting contraction 3% by volume 2-Controlled shrinkage stress due ion enriched layer 3-coeff of thermal expansion and contraction close to tooth structure GOOD THERMAL INSLUTING CAPACITY RADIOPACITY DIS ADVANTAGES 1)POOR STRENGTH PROPERTIES---brittle 2)LOW ABRASION RESISTANCE----increase surface roughness 3)SOLUBILITY AND DISENTIGRATION—low PH 4)MOISTURE SENSTIVITY Hydration----loss of ca and Al ions Decrease adhesive potintial and decrease strength Dehydration-----poor esthetic as it increase opacity microcrackes---staining 4)QUESTIONABLE ESTHETIC INDICATIONS Class IIIand class V Root caries Core build up Caries control restoration Pit and fissure sealant Pediatric and geriatric restoration Liner and base ART CONTRAINDICATIONS Stress bearing areas If esthetic is of prime concern CAVITY DESIGN 1)Adhesive potential ----no necessary retentive feature 2) Cariostatic mechanism----no extension beyond elimination of carious defect STEPS OF APPLICATION OF GIC Selection of GIC type Isolation of operatory field Conditioning of tooth substrate Matrix application (if needed) Proportioning of powder:liquid ratio mixing packing Maintenance of water balance Finishing and polishing SELECTION OF GIC TYPE There is three main properties affect selection 1-The requirement of amount of fluoride release Conventional glass ionomer 2-Esthetics resin modified glass ionomer 3-Function high filled viscous glass ionomer FIELD ISOLATION As glass ionomer is very sensitive to water intake during setting Proper isolation of operative field by using : 1-rubber dam 2-cotton rolls 3- saliva ejector 4-retraction cord APPLICATION OF LINER Very deep Cavities lined with calcium hydroxide for pulp protection before application of GIC CONDITIONING THE TOOTH SURFACE WITH low concentration polyacrylic acid 10% for 10 seconds--------------rinsing This will remove smear layer but retain smear plugs This will increase surface energy------ increase wettability and adaptation SELECTION OF MATRIX BAND PROPORTIONING, MIXING AND PLACEMENT Proportioning according to manufacture instruction The powder and liquid available in two forms 1-encapsulated for mechanical mixing 2-separatly in two bottles for hand mixing PROPORTIONING, MIXING AND PLACEMENT Mixing Manually done on cool clean glass slab with teflon coated instrument Packing In bulk or injected inside prepared cavity Coating using water proof sealant Light activated resin bond,vaseline or varnish Finishing and polishing RESIN MODIFIED GLASS IONOMER Definition hybrid material of traditional GIC with a small amount of resin Setting reaction: 1-acid base reaction which is mainly set reaction 2-polymarization which occur first Advantage: fast setting Immediate stabilization of water balance Improved esthetics and strength Resin facilitate bond to composite( in sandwich technique ) Disadvantage 1-discolaration after time of making restoration 2-less flourid release COMPOMER Contain major ingredient of glass ionomer and composite resin except water to prevent premature setting in its container Light activated Release fluorid but not as glass ionomere Good intial esthetic but not stable by time Ionomer modified resin Compoite contain glass ionomer fillers but not contain poly acrylic acid .Giomer is a type of fluoride containing composites that comprise pre-reacted glass ionomer particles into the resin in addition to the fluoro-alumino-silicate filler particles, CHAPTER (5) GLASS IONOMER CHAPTER OUTLINE: 1- COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE: A) THE GLASS POWDER. B) THE POLYACID LIQUID. C) COMPOSITIONAL FORMS: 1. Polyacid-mixable cements. 2. Water-mixable cements. 3. Mixed cements. 2-ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 3- TYPES OF GLASS IONOMER CEMENTS: A) CONVENTIONAL GLASS IONOMER CEMENTS: -Types. B) RESIN-MODIFIED GLASS IONOMER CEMENTS: -Types. C) POLYACID-MODIFIED RESIN COMPOSITE: -Clinical applications. 4- PROPERTIES OF GLASS IONOMER CEMENTS: a) Hydration and Dehydration. b) Biocompatibility. c) Setting Shrinkage. d) Bonding to Tooth Structure. e) Wear Properties. f) Strength Properties. g) Fluoride Release/Uptake. 5- CLINICAL INDICATIONS AND CONTRA-INDICATIONS. 6- CAVITY DESIGN. 7- MANIPULATION: a) Dispensing and Mixing. b) Placement Technique. Objectives of chapter (5) In the end of this chapter, the student will be able to recognize: 1- Composition of structure of glass ionomer. 2- Advantages and disadvantages. 3- Types of glass ionomer cements. 4- Properties of glass ionomer. 5- Indications and contraindications. 6- Cavity design for glass ionomer. 7- Manipulation of glass ionomer cements. 2 ifferent types of restorative materials and luting cements are Dcurrently used in daily dental practice. The most common are amalgam, composite resins, glass ionomers, dental casting alloys, and ceramics. Each material possesses advantages and disadvantages. Glass-ionomers are considered the most biologically accepted restorative materials. They can be used in a wide range of clinical applications. They also have an anticariogenic potential produced by incorporated fluorine, good biocompatibility, good chemical adhesion to the tooth structure, well-balanced physical properties, and good manipulability. ISO standard defines glass-ionomer cement as a polyalkenoate cement. However, the term glass-ionomer cement has been more widely accepted by dental professionals and describes this material more accurately. A glass is an amorphous non-crystalline structure, while ionomer means ionizable or containing ions. Glass Ionomer is a material that is formed of ionizable silicate glass powder and polyacrylic acid co-polymers. It is also called polyalkenoate cement as the utilized polyacids have unsaturated double bonds. It could be defined as a water-based material, which is formed as a product of an acid-base reaction between the basic calcium-fluoro-alumino- silicate glass powder and an aqueous solution of polyacid. A water- based material is a material that precipitated from an aqueous reaction whose reaction medium is water. COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE A) THE GLASS POWDER The powder is an acid soluble calcium-fluoro-alumino-silicate glass; the Fl is not incorporated in the skeletal structure of the glass. For this reason, it can diffuse freely in and out of the glass core, depending on the concentration of the ion in the environment surrounding the cement,` B) THE POLYACID LIQUID It is an aqueous solution of polyacrylic acids co-polymers (a polymer composed of more than one type of monomers). The acids that are co-polymerized with polyacrylic acid to form the polyacid liquid are mainly Maleic, Itaconic and Tartaric acids. C)
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