1 Jerusalem: the Crusaders' Prize

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JERUSALEM: THE CRUSADERS’ PRIZE Katherine Henn, Ph. D. [email protected] September 7 to November 22, 2021 In 637 CE Caliph Umar defeats the Roman (Byzantine) Emperor Heraklius and captures Jerusalem bringing it under Moslem rule. Jerusalem remained under Moslem Rule until it was captured by the First Crusaders in 1099. Day 1: JERUSALEM. Course Introductions: Jerusalem at the Center of the World; Chronology of the Crusades; Monotheistic Religions. Day 2: JEWS, CHRISTIANS & MUSLIMS. Jewish Jerusalem: Predominant and Pagan World Views; The influential Persians; Roman Empire under Constantine; Prophet Muhammad and the Expansion of Islam. Day 3: JUST WAR, HOLY WAR, AND JIHAD. The justifications made for war. Day 4: PATRIARCHS, POPES AND PUNISHMENT IDEOLOGY. False starts: “The Peoples’ Crusade”. DAY 5: MARTYRDOM AND MONUMENTAL RELIGION. The First Crusade: The Baron’s Crusade (1096-1099); Fall of Edessa (1144); The Second Crusade: A King’s Crusade (1147-1149); Saladin (1187). DAY 6: PILGRIMS, KNIGHTS, AND KINGS. Medieval Military Orders; The Third Crusade: The Kings’ Crusade (1189-1192); The Fourth Crusade: The Pope’s Crusade (1198-1204); The Albigensian Crusade (1209); The Children’s Crusade (1211); The Fifth Crusade: The Egyptian Crusade (1213-1221). DAY 7: EUROPEAN JUDIASM AND THE CRUSADES. Pogroms and Medieval Anti- Semitism; The Sixth Crusade: The Emperor’s Crusade; Templars vs. Hospitallers. DAY 8: CHIVALRY & INTRIGUE. Saladin’s Dynasty in Decline; The Seventh Crusade: The Saint’s Crusade, King Louis IX (1248-1254); Chivalry. DAY 9: MONGOLS AND THE SALVATION OF ISLAM. Baibars, the Savior of Islam and Western Civilization; Mongols “Golden Horde”; The Eighth Crusade: King Louis IX’s Second Crusade (1270). Day 10: CIVIL WARS. The Ninth Crusade: Prince Edward’s Crusade (1271-1272); Tripoli Civil Wars (1277-1282) and the Fall of Tripoli (1289); The fall of Acre (1291). DAY 11: DEFEAT: Excuses. Mamluk Demise; Historical Perspectives; Lessons from the Crusades; Gifts from the Crusades. 1 Main Sources: Armstrong, Karen. Jerusalem: Onc City,Three Faiths. New York: Ballantine Books, 1997. Asbridge, Thomas. The Crusades. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 2010. Fukuyama, Francis. The Origins of Political Order. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011. Hill, Paul. The Knights Templar at War, 1120-1312. Great Britain: Pen and Sword Military, 2018. Montefiore, Simon Sebag. Jerusalem: The Biography. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2011. 2 .

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Mamluk cavalry practices: Evolution and influence Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Nettles, Isolde Betty Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 04/10/2021 06:40:30 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289748 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this roproduction is dependent upon the quaiity of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that tfie author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g.. maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal secttons with small overlaps. Photograpiis included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6' x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrattons appearing in this copy for an additk)nal charge.
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History of the Crusades. Episode 101 Baibars Attacks. Hello again. Last week we saw the rise to power of Rukn al-Din Baibars. Sultan Baibars’ territory now stretches all the way from his capital in Cairo to northern Syria. With his realm secured and consolidated, Baibars sets his sights on his two enemies in the region, the Mongols and the Franks. Now, most Muslim leaders in the past had been content to arrange peace treaties with the Crusader states, leaving them to maintain their presence in the Holy Land. Not Baibars. He viewed the busy commercial port cities in the Crusader states as centers which could be incorporated into Muslim territory. The Latin Christians controlled a strip of fertile land running down the coast of the Mediterranean. Baibars wanted to drive them from this strip of land. With Hulagu’s Mongol armies still a potent force, Baibars knew he had to bide his time. Instead, in the early 1260s, Baibars looked further afield and tried his hand at international diplomacy. Unsurprisingly, the first person he reached out to was King Manfred of Sicily, the illegitimate son of Emperor Frederick II who had deposed young Conradin as ruler of Sicily and Acre. The Egyptians had enjoyed a close relationship with Emperor Frederick, and Manfred seemed of a similar disposition. Hoping to encourage the growing split between Manfred and the Papacy, and perhaps reduce the chance of Europe mounting another Crusade in aid of the beleaguered Latin Christians of the Crusader states, Baibars sent an envoy to Sicily bearing gifts for King Manfred.
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