JERUSALEM: THE CRUSADERS’ PRIZE Katherine Henn, Ph. D. [email protected] September 7 to November 22, 2021 In 637 CE Caliph Umar defeats the Roman (Byzantine) Emperor Heraklius and captures Jerusalem bringing it under Moslem rule. Jerusalem remained under Moslem Rule until it was captured by the First Crusaders in 1099. Day 1: JERUSALEM. Course Introductions: Jerusalem at the Center of the World; Chronology of the Crusades; Monotheistic Religions. Day 2: JEWS, CHRISTIANS & MUSLIMS. Jewish Jerusalem: Predominant and Pagan World Views; The influential Persians; Roman Empire under Constantine; Prophet Muhammad and the Expansion of Islam. Day 3: JUST WAR, HOLY WAR, AND JIHAD. The justifications made for war. Day 4: PATRIARCHS, POPES AND PUNISHMENT IDEOLOGY. False starts: “The Peoples’ Crusade”. DAY 5: MARTYRDOM AND MONUMENTAL RELIGION. The First Crusade: The Baron’s Crusade (1096-1099); Fall of Edessa (1144); The Second Crusade: A King’s Crusade (1147-1149); Saladin (1187). DAY 6: PILGRIMS, KNIGHTS, AND KINGS. Medieval Military Orders; The Third Crusade: The Kings’ Crusade (1189-1192); The Fourth Crusade: The Pope’s Crusade (1198-1204); The Albigensian Crusade (1209); The Children’s Crusade (1211); The Fifth Crusade: The Egyptian Crusade (1213-1221). DAY 7: EUROPEAN JUDIASM AND THE CRUSADES. Pogroms and Medieval Anti- Semitism; The Sixth Crusade: The Emperor’s Crusade; Templars vs. Hospitallers. DAY 8: CHIVALRY & INTRIGUE. Saladin’s Dynasty in Decline; The Seventh Crusade: The Saint’s Crusade, King Louis IX (1248-1254); Chivalry. DAY 9: MONGOLS AND THE SALVATION OF ISLAM. Baibars, the Savior of Islam and Western Civilization; Mongols “Golden Horde”; The Eighth Crusade: King Louis IX’s Second Crusade (1270). Day 10: CIVIL WARS. The Ninth Crusade: Prince Edward’s Crusade (1271-1272); Tripoli Civil Wars (1277-1282) and the Fall of Tripoli (1289); The fall of Acre (1291). DAY 11: DEFEAT: Excuses. Mamluk Demise; Historical Perspectives; Lessons from the Crusades; Gifts from the Crusades. 1 Main Sources: Armstrong, Karen. Jerusalem: Onc City,Three Faiths. New York: Ballantine Books, 1997. Asbridge, Thomas. The Crusades. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 2010. Fukuyama, Francis. The Origins of Political Order. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011. Hill, Paul. The Knights Templar at War, 1120-1312. Great Britain: Pen and Sword Military, 2018. Montefiore, Simon Sebag. Jerusalem: The Biography. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2011. 2 .