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Introduccion a La Etimologia Universal

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Introduccion a La Etimologia Universal EL ORIGEN LEXICO . ETIMOLOGÍA. RECONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA PALABRA LA SEMILLA DE BABEL. PARTE II Mario Carreño Vivara Año 2013 EL ORDEN DE LA ETIMOLOGÍA FONACIÓN La etimología es la reconstrucción de la historia de una palabra. La esencia de la palabra original sobrevive a los cambios hechos por el hombre. El ser humano comenzó articulando varios sonidos silábicos utilizando su laringe, lengua, labios, nariz y boca. Esta producción de sonidos se hizo más extensa cuando unió estos primeros vocablos en doble-silaba, triple-silaba y más, creando así palabras compuestas que contenían significados diferentes. El ser humano tuvo que aprender a utilizar su voz adecuadamente para expresar exactamente el mismo sonido que el otro humano hacía. Cuando el lenguaje se esparcio, cada persona extraña al vocablo expresado, utilizaba una entonación y ritmo diferente al de la persona autóctona. Grupos emigrantes con lenguaje desarrollado enriquecieron el poco evolucionado de otros y viceversa. EL INICIO: LA ESCRITURA CUNEIFORME La historia escrita se remonta hasta los tiempos Sumerios (2500 a.c.) cuando los escribas utilizaban un punzón para grabar simbolos fonéticos sobre tablas de arcilla blanda, esta escritura tenía forma de cuña y se encontraba al lado, arriba o debajo de figuras. Poco después (2350 a.c.) los Acadios desarrollaron una gran extensión de vocablos a partir de la escritura Sumeria originando así las primeras inserciones al vocabulario origen. En los tiempos de Sargón de Akkad hubo una dispersión de las diferentes etnias hacia los cuatro vientos de la tierra y así la palabra fonéticamente escrita se convirtió en lenguas como la: Egipcia, Sanscrita, Arabe, Hebrea, China, Persa, Aramea, Griega, Latina, Nahuatl, Tarasca, Maya, Algonquina y muchas otras. COMPOSICION DE LA ETIMOLOGÍA La etimología es de Origen, Primaria y Secundaria: Etimología de Origen es la palabra raíz, el embrión, la semilla. Es el punto de partida para una o varias derivaciones. Los vocablos emanan de esta raíz. Idea fundamental está señalada con el signo = y se refiere a la idea madre. Significado: Expresa las ideas o modalidades de la palabra irradiadas al través del tiempo. Etimología Primaria es el primer vocablo que desciende de la palabra origen. Lenguas Hermanas son la familia de la palabra origen que tienen la misma identidad. Etimología Secundaria son las palabras modo o trasladadas que mantienen la equivalente raíz. Relación con otros vocablos es la asociación de la palabra con todas aquellas equivalentes en la idea principal. Ejemplo: Estrella: Etimología de Origen: Acadio <Ishtar> = Venus. Significado: Diosa acadia del amor asociada al planeta Venus. Con el paso del tiempo la palabra se asoció a toda luz observada en el firmamento. Etimología Primaria: Babilonio <Ashtoreth> Lenguas hermanas: Fenicio <Astarté> Hebreo bíblico <Esther> Ingles antiguo de origen Alemán <Steorra> Etimología secundaria: Latín <Stella> Alemán <Stern> Ingles <Star> Relacionada con (Ver): Astro, Asterisco, Astronauta, Desastre, Destellar. INFORMACIÓN DE INICIO, ACLARACIÓN Y ADVERTENCIA Este libro intenta resolver dudas y entender ciertas raíces léxicas incorporadas al español de los diferentes idiomas que le dieron origen. Se está introduciendo palabras autóctonas de las diferentes poblaciones mexicanas, americanas y en su caso sudamericanas. El termino etimología universal representa el objetivo de introducir el máximo de modalidades lingüísticas basadas en la raíz misma. Este libro muestra solo una reconstrucción de la palabra universal y no es total ni excluyente de otras fuentes alternativas que el lector pudiese consultar. Como sabemos el español tiene raíces latinas, griegas, fenicias, hebreas, árabes, inglesas y algunas otras menos influyentes, por lo que se debe analizar exactamente donde se encuentra la raíz original de la palabra indagada. Las lenguas Indígenas Mexicanas: Maya moderno, Tarasco de 1714, Zapoteca del año 1700 y el idioma Náhuatl del año 1571 proveen al lenguaje universal varias palabras que verán incluidas en este volumen. No abordare vulgarismos a excepción de aquellos que sean indispensables al surgimiento de una determinada palabra. Los estudiosos tal vez encuentren algunas inconsistencias y observen palabras sin Etimología Origen, Primaria o Secundaria (aunque espero sean las menos) o tal vez discrepen con la interpretación aquí presentada por lo cual les pido disculpas por anticipado. Aclaración: Encontrara palabras que no tienen etimología de origen o primaria o que solo tienen la etimología secundaria, algunas otras no tendrán significado o este es muy corto. PREFACIO En algún tiempo de la historia del hombre ya sea como lo presentan los evolucionistas o como lo expresa Moisés en génesis 11:1-6 de la biblia, existió un idioma Universal. Con el paso de las edades históricas este lenguaje universal se fue diversificando, haciéndose cada vez más distante, extendiéndose en una multitud de palabras mixtas y compuestas entre los diversos grupos étnicos. Así como el hombre antiguo lo hizo, ahora el moderno continúa adecuando y desarrollando nuevas palabras a partir de las ya existentes. Este compendio trata de explicar el origen real de las palabras y no es total ni excluyente de otras ideas o estudios de las autoridades en la lengua. Tomando como fuentes principales a los diferentes diccionarios lingüísticos existentes hoy en día y en palabras traducidas de las tabletas y manuscritos antiguos como son las Sumerias, Acadias, Coptas, Hebreas, Náhuatl, Mayas, Griegas, Latinas. Se incluyen sonidos onomatopéyicos que se han convertido en definidores de identidad, cualidad y habilidad de animales, objetos y personas. Al Primer libro se le considerara como Introducción a la Etimología Universal que incluye la raíz de algunos nombres, nombres propios y sustantivos. Al Segundo libro se le considerara como Pequeño Libro Etimológico Universal el cual incluirá más variedad de palabras. Al Tercer libro se le considerara como Libro de Etimología Universal y finalizara la lista de libros. GRAMATICA GENERAL E INTRODUCCIÓN A LA RECONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA PALABRA ADICIONES GRAMATICALES Con el paso de las edades historicas la palabra origen absorbe nuevas adiciones que provocan el cambio de la raiz. Estos agregados gramaticales le otorgan un significado extendido ya sea en la lengua propia o al idioma que la adopta. Asi tenemos diferentes agregados como son: sufijos, prefijos, determinativos, privativos, acentuaciones y demás acompañantes léxicos. Ejemplo: En Sumerio el lexema origen <Da> = Extremidad. Tiene un cambio al repetirse el vocablo <Da+ da><Dada> = Amado, Puro, Limpio. Despues se transformo al Semitico <Adad> = Amado. Llegando al hebreo como <Da+viy+d> = Bien Amado. En español moderno es ahora el nombre propio <David>. Otro ejemplo: El vocablo náhuatl <Ton> = Sol. Es igualmente uviversal y ya se le conocía antiguamente en otras lenguas como en: Egipcio <A+ton> Asirio<A+tounou> Arameo <A+ttoun> Zapoteco <Toono> y mas recientemenete en Ingles <Tan> Bronceado. DESMERECEDORES O DISMINUIDORES DE LA PALABRA Por otro lado existen disminuidores de la palabra los cuales erosionan y carcomen total o parte de esta: Apocopes, diminutivos, contracciones y otras formas análogas. Ejemplos: En Mexico a las personas con nombres propios como <Francisco> se les termina llamando Pancho o Paco, A las personas con nombre propio <Jesus> se les llama Chucho a las personas con nombre<Concepcion> se le llama Concha y asi como estos, existen otros ejemplos análogos. CONTRACCIONES DE LA PALABRA En Estados Unidos es igualmente contraído o cambiado el vocablo como en los siguientes ejemplos: <Good bye> se transforma en el <Bye> o <Thank you soul much> termina diciéndose <Thank you so much> por no citar algunos más en otras lenguas. Es por eso la importancia de la reconstrucción de la palabra original, aunque sin abordar estos apocopes, diminutivos y contracciones. PALABRAS ABIERTAS Y CERRADAS La pronunciación de los vocablos puede derivar en palabras cerradas o abiertas de acuerdo a la transliteración o adaptación fonética del idioma. Una palabra cerrada es la que termina en consonante; Ejemplo de los verbos en español: Barrer, Comprar, Terminar, Hablar, Correr. Una palabra abierta es la que acepta el agregado de una vocal para terminar y conjugarse Ejemplo: Comprada, Terminado, Hablando, Correre. El estado abierto o cerrado de la palabra cambia cuando es adoptada por otra lengua Ejemplo: En Español el sustantivo abierto <Estaca> se convierte en sustantivo cerrado en Aleman <Stachel>. Sin embargo el lexema origen se mantiene sin mucho cambio <Stak> = Espina, palo puntiagudo, púa de madera. ROMANIZACIÓN Debido a la diferente escritura desarrollada por los autóctonos de alguna región no se incluye la escritura de origen sino más bien una adaptación fonética (Romanización) de la pronunciación léxica original caso del hebreo, griego, árabe, ruso, persa, chino y otros. ABREVIATURAS Este libro de palabras no contiene abreviaciones gramaticales, jerga lingüística, vulgarismos, abreviaturas o diminutivos. Parte directamente de la palabra Hispanoamericana e inicia de la palabra Origen encontrada hacia la más moderna o Secundaria. Se toma el lexema de la palabra (la raíz original) y cuando la palabra es mixta o compuesta incluirá todo el lexema correspondiente sin el privativo ni el morfema. MORFOLOGÍA Por otro lado el morfema del verbo no se traduce ya que es el acompañante léxico y determina la gramática de los idiomas: Ejemplo verbo Administrar: Latín<Administrare> Del sanscrito <Adhi> + Hebreo <Mene
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