Holocaust Memorial Days an Overview of Remembrance and Education in the OSCE Region
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Shoah 1 Shoah
Shoah 1 Shoah [1] (« catastrophe » ,שואה : Le terme Shoah (hébreu désigne l'extermination par l'Allemagne nazie des trois quarts des Juifs de l'Europe occupée[2] , soit les deux tiers de la population juive européenne totale et environ 40 % des Juifs du monde, pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale ; ce qui représente entre cinq et six millions de victimes selon les estimations des historiens[3] . Ce génocide des Juifs constituait pour les nazis « la Solution finale à la question juive » (die Endlösung der Judenfrage). Le terme français d’Holocauste est également utilisé et l’a précédé. Le terme « judéocide » est également utilisé par certains pour qualifier la Destruction du ghetto de Varsovie, avril 1943. Shoah. L'extermination des Juifs, cible principale des nazis, fut perpétrée par la faim dans les ghettos de Pologne et d'URSS occupées, par les fusillades massives des unités mobiles de tuerie des Einsatzgruppen sur le front de l'Est (la « Shoah par balles »), au moyen de l'extermination par le travail forcé dans les camps de concentration, dans les « camions à gaz », et dans les chambres à gaz des camps d'extermination. L'horreur de ce « crime de masse »[4] a conduit, après-guerre, à l'élaboration des notions juridiques de « crime contre l'humanité »[5] et de « génocide »[6] , utilisé postérieurement dans d'autres contextes (génocide arménien, génocide des Tutsi, etc.). Une très grave lacune du droit international humanitaire a également été complétée avec l'adoption des Conventions de Genève de 1949, qui protègent la population civile en temps de guerre[7] . L'extermination des Juifs durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale se distingue par son caractère industriel, bureaucratique et systématique qui la rend unique dans l'histoire de l'humanité[8] . -
Historical Traumas in Post-War Hungary: Legacies and Representations of Genocide and Dictatorship
The Hungarian Historical Review New Series of Acta Historica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae Volume 6 No. 2 2017 Historical Traumas in Post-War Hungary: Legacies and Representations of Genocide and Dictatorship Balázs Apor Special Editor of the Thematic Issue Contents Articles Zsolt Győri Discursive (De)Constructions of the Depoliticized Private Sphere in The Resolution and Balaton Retro 271 tamás BeZsenyi and The Legacy of World War II and Belated Justice andrás lénárt in the Hungarian Films of the Early Kádár Era 300 Péter Fodor Erasing, Rewriting, and Propaganda in the Hungarian Sports Films of the 1950s 328 anna menyhért Digital Trauma Processing in Social Media Groups: Transgenerational Holocaust Trauma on Facebook 355 ZsóFia réti Past Traumas and Future Generations: Cultural Memory Transmission in Hungarian Sites of Memory 377 lóránt Bódi The Documents of a Fresh Start in Life: Marriage Advertisements Published in the Israelite Newspaper Új Élet (New Life) Between 1945–1952 404 http://www.hunghist.org HHR_2017-2.indb 1 9/26/2017 3:20:01 PM Contents Featured review The Routledge History of East Central Europe since 1700. Edited by Irina Livezeanu and Árpád von Klimó. Reviewed by Ferenc Laczó 427 Book reviews Central Europe in the High Middle Ages: Bohemia, Hungary and Poland, c. 900–c. 1300. By Nora Berend, Przemysław Urbańczyk, and Przemysław Wiszewski. Reviewed by Sébastien Rossignol 434 Deserting Villages – Emerging Market Towns: Settlement Dynamics and Land Management in the Great Hungarian Plain: 1300–1700. By Edit Sárosi. Reviewed by András Vadas 437 Das Reich als Netzwerk der Fürsten: Politische Strukturen unter dem Doppelkönigtum Friedrichs II. -
The Hungarian Historical Review
Hungarian Historical Review 5, no. 4 (2016): 739–766 1956 and the Collapse of Stalinist Politics of History: Forgetting and Remembering the 1942 Újvidék/Novi Sad Massacre and the 1944/45 Partisan Retaliations in Hungary and Yugoslavia (1950s–1960s)* Árpád von Klimó The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC Two acts of mass violence that occurred during World War II have strained relations between Hungarians and Serbs for decades: the murder of several thousand civilians in Novi Sad (Újvidék) and the surrounding villages in January 1942, committed by the Hungarian army and gendarmerie, and Tito’s partisan army’s mass killings and incarceration of tens of thousands civilians, most of them Hungarians, at the end of the war. Remembering these atrocities has always been difficult and strongly politicized, but this was particularly the case when the Communist regimes in Hungary and Yugoslavia based the legitimation of their authority on anti-Fascist narratives and interpretations of the war. The conflict between Stalin and Tito, and the anti-Stalinist revolution of 1956 made it even more difficult to propagate the original Stalinist narrative about the war, which stood in ever starker contrast to everyday realities. When Kádár began to revise the political justification of his regime with a narrative that was both anti- Fascist and (moderately) critical of Stalinism in the 1960s, the remembrance of the 1942 massacre changed. In Yugoslavia, the weakening of the central government in the 1960s contributed to a local re-appropriation of -
A Matter of Comparison: the Holocaust, Genocides and Crimes Against Humanity an Analysis and Overview of Comparative Literature and Programs
O C A U H O L S T L E A C N O N I T A A I N R L E T L N I A R E E M C E M B R A N A Matter Of Comparison: The Holocaust, Genocides and Crimes Against Humanity An Analysis And Overview Of Comparative Literature and Programs Koen Kluessien & Carse Ramos December 2018 International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance A Matter of Comparison About the IHRA The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) is an intergovernmental body whose purpose is to place political and social leaders’ support behind the need for Holocaust education, remembrance and research both nationally and internationally. The IHRA (formerly the Task Force for International Cooperation on Holocaust Education, Remembrance and Research, or ITF) was initiated in 1998 by former Swedish Prime Minister Göran Persson. Persson decided to establish an international organisation that would expand Holocaust education worldwide, and asked former president Bill Clinton and former British prime minister Tony Blair to join him in this effort. Persson also developed the idea of an international forum of governments interested in discussing Holocaust education, which took place in Stockholm between 27–29 January 2000. The Forum was attended by the representatives of 46 governments including; 23 Heads of State or Prime Ministers and 14 Deputy Prime Ministers or Ministers. The Declaration of the Stockholm International Forum on the Holocaust was the outcome of the Forum’s deliberations and is the foundation of the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance. The IHRA currently has 31 Member Countries, 10 Observer Countries and seven Permanent International Partners. -
National Holidays
NATIONAL HOLIDAYS www.bulgariatravel.org multimedia Operative Program “Regional Development 2007-2013 www.bgregio.eu We invest in your future! The project is financed by the European Regional Development Fund and the state budget of Republic of Bulgaria Grant Scheme BG161PO001/3.3-01/2008 “Support for Effective National Marketing of Tourist Product and Improvement of Information Service”, Contract No BG161PO001/3.3-01/2008 /001-5 “Multimedia Catalogue of the Tourist Sites and Electronic Marketing of Destination Bulgaria” This multimedia brochure is created within the framework of the project “Multimedia Catalogue of the Tourist Sites and Electronic Marketing of Destination Bulgaria”, Contract No BG161PO001/3.3-01/2008/001-5, which is performed with the financial support of Operative Program “Regional Development” 2007 – 2013, co-financed by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund.The entire responsibility for the contents of this multimedia brochure is brought by the beneficiary – The Ministry of Economy, Energy and Tourism, and under no circumstances it can be considered that this multimedia brochure presents the official position of the European Union and the Managing Body. www.bulgariatravel.org 2 NATIONAL HOLIDAYS The Bulgarian calendar is filled with various Christian and national holidays. On those days our nation worships the saints, heroes and memorable events of the country’s history. The Bulgarian history is marked by great victories and gloomy defeats, and their celebration has preserved those people’s memory and the nation’s respect to the past. Some of the greatest Bulgarian holidays, which are days off in Bulgaria, are 3 March - the Liberation Day, 1 May - Labor Day, May 6 - Bulgarian Army Day, 24 May - Day of the Bulgarian Enlightenment and Culture and the Slav letters, 6 September - the Day of Bulgaria’s Unification, 22 September - Independence Day, 1 November - Day of the Enlighteners. -
POLAND-BUDAPEST and ISRAEL
2020 ADULT MARCH OF THE LIVING: POLAND-BUDAPEST and ISRAEL We are now accepting deposits on a first come, first served basis. In Poland we will visit sites of Jewish interest in Krakow, Warsaw, and the several death camps. In Budapest, we will visit places connected with the Holocaust and the Jewish community. On Yom HaShoah (Holocaust Memorial Day) we will march with over 12,000 teens and other adults from Auschwitz to Birkenau to commemorate the death march imposed by the Nazis during the Holocaust. In Israel our activities will include visits to many sites in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. We will be in Israel to commemorate Yom HaZikaron (Memorial Day) and to celebrate the 72nd Yom HaAtzmaut (Independence Day). * itinerary changes are possible due to weather, traffic issues, and security concerns * Tour includes: Deluxe hotels throughout, Daily breakfast provided throughout trip & most meals are included All entrance fees, fully guided, luxury motor coach, all tips, daily water & bus snacks All Shabbat meals in Europe & Israel and BBQ at the "Main Event" on Yom Ha’Atzmaut Participation in the March of the Living on Yom HaShoah (Holocaust Remembrance Day) in Poland Participation in the March of the Living parade on Yom H'Atzmaut (Independence Day) in Jerusalem Touring to various sites in Poland, Budapest and Israel ** LAND PRICES DO NOT INCLUDE OVERSEAS AIR TRAVEL TO and FROM THE USA ** EUROPE SEGMENT POLAND & BUDAPEST - April 20 - 28, 2020 (8 hotel nights) $ 6,250 (THIS INCLUDES AIR TRAVEL BETWEEN POLAND and BUDAPEST) (This program ends -
Holocaust/Shoah the Organization of the Jewish Refugees in Italy Holocaust Commemoration in Present-Day Poland
NOW AVAILABLE remembrance a n d s o l i d a r i t y Holocaust/Shoah The Organization of the Jewish Refugees in Italy Holocaust Commemoration in Present-day Poland in 20 th century european history Ways of Survival as Revealed in the Files EUROPEAN REMEMBRANCE of the Ghetto Courts and Police in Lithuania – LECTURES, DISCUSSIONS, remembrance COMMENTARIES, 2012–16 and solidarity in 20 th This publication features the century most significant texts from the european annual European Remembrance history Symposium (2012–16) – one of the main events organized by the European Network Remembrance and Solidarity in Gdańsk, Berlin, Prague, Vienna and Budapest. The 2017 issue symposium entitled ‘Violence in number the 20th-century European history: educating, commemorating, 5 – december documenting’ will take place in Brussels. Lectures presented there will be included in the next Studies issue. 2016 Read Remembrance and Solidarity Studies online: enrs.eu/studies number 5 www.enrs.eu ISSUE NUMBER 5 DECEMBER 2016 REMEMBRANCE AND SOLIDARITY STUDIES IN 20TH CENTURY EUROPEAN HISTORY EDITED BY Dan Michman and Matthias Weber EDITORIAL BOARD ISSUE EDITORS: Prof. Dan Michman Prof. Matthias Weber EDITORS: Dr Florin Abraham, Romania Dr Árpád Hornják, Hungary Dr Pavol Jakubčin, Slovakia Prof. Padraic Kenney, USA Dr Réka Földváryné Kiss, Hungary Dr Ondrej Krajňák, Slovakia Prof. Róbert Letz, Slovakia Prof. Jan Rydel, Poland Prof. Martin Schulze Wessel, Germany EDITORIAL COORDINATOR: Ewelina Pękała REMEMBRANCE AND SOLIDARITY STUDIES IN 20TH CENTURY EUROPEAN HISTORY PUBLISHER: European Network Remembrance and Solidarity ul. Wiejska 17/3, 00–480 Warszawa, Poland www.enrs.eu, [email protected] COPY-EDITING AND PROOFREADING: Caroline Brooke Johnson PROOFREADING: Ramon Shindler TYPESETTING: Marcin Kiedio GRAPHIC DESIGN: Katarzyna Erbel COVER DESIGN: © European Network Remembrance and Solidarity 2016 All rights reserved ISSN: 2084–3518 Circulation: 500 copies Funded by the Federal Government Commissioner for Culture and the Media upon a Decision of the German Bundestag. -
The Nazis and the German Population: a Faustian Deal? Eric A
The Nazis and the German Population: A Faustian Deal? Eric A. Johnson, Nazi Terror. The Gestapo, Jews, and Ordinary Germans, New York: Basic Books, 2000, 636 pp. Reviewed by David Bankier Most books, both scholarly and popular, written on relations between the Gestapo and the German population and published up to the early 1990s, focused on the leaderships of the organizations that powered the terror and determined its contours. These books portray the Nazi secret police as omnipotent and the population as an amorphous society that was liable to oppression and was unable to respond. This historical portrayal explained the lack of resistance to the regime. As the Nazi state was a police state, so to speak, the individual had no opportunity to take issue with its policies, let alone oppose them.1 Studies published in the past decade have begun to demystify the Gestapo by reexamining this picture. These studies have found that the German population had volunteered to assist the apparatus of oppression in its actions, including the persecution of Jews. According to the new approach, the Gestapo did not resemble the Soviet KGB, or the Romanian Securitate, or the East German Stasi. The Gestapo was a mechanism that reacted to events more than it initiated them. Chronically short of manpower, it did not post a secret agent to every street corner. On the contrary: since it did not have enough spies to meet its needs, it had to rely on a cooperative population for information and as a basis for its police actions. The German public did cooperate, and, for this reason, German society became self-policing.2 1 Edward Crankshaw, Gestapo: Instrument of Tyranny (London: Putnam, 1956); Jacques Delarue, Histoire de la Gestapo (Paris: Fayard, 1962); Arnold Roger Manvell, SS and Gestapo: Rule by Terror (London: Macdonald, 1970); Heinz Höhne, The Order of the Death’s Head: The Story of Hitler’s SS (New York: Ballantine, 1977). -
Argentina Commemorates the International Day in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust Within the Framework of the International
Argentina commemorates the International Day in memory of the victims of the Holocaust Within the framework of the International Day of Commemoration in memory of the victims of the Holocaust – which was settled by the United Nations in 2005 in remembrance of the anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz on January 27, 1945- yesterday the national government organized its ceremony, which was attended by members of the national government, authorities of the City of Buenos Aires, survivors and members of different organizations of the Jewish community and the civil society committed with the Holocaust remembrance. The ceremony was organized by the Argentinean Chapter of the IHRA (International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance), the main international organization dedicated to the research, remembrance and education on the Holocaust. The IHRA is currently integrated by 31 member countries: States of Europe, Israel, United States, Canada and Argentine (which is the only full member of Latin America). The IHRA Local Chapter is formed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Justice and Humans Rights (represented by the Secretary of Humans Rights and Cultural Pluralism) and organizations of the civil society. It has an annual rotating Chairmanship among the Ministries, being in 2016 Chaired by the Secretary of Humans Rights and Cultural Pluralism from the Ministry of Justice and Humans Rights. In this opportunity, the ceremony was held together with the inauguration of the National Monument to honor Holocaust Survivors and also with the inauguration of the “Paseo de los Justos” (The Righteous Square). The Monument consists of a concrete wall composed by 114 cubes with impressions of objects of everyday life, emphasizing the absence of the human being through these marks carved on stone. -
Remembering and Forgetting: the Holocaust in 21St Century Britain
Remembering and Forgetting: The Holocaust in 21st Century Britain Item Type Article Authors Critchell, Kara Citation Critchell, K. (2016). Remembering and forgetting: the Holocaust in 21st century Britain. Quest: Issues in Contemporary Jewish History, (10), 23-59. DOI 10.48248/issn.2037-741X/813 Publisher Fondazione Centro di Documentazione Ebraica Contemporanea Journal Quest: Issues in Contemporary Jewish History Rights Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Download date 27/09/2021 19:34:33 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10034/622948 Remembering and Forgetting: The Holocaust in 21st Century Britain “The world has lost a great man. We must never forget Sir Nicholas Winton's humanity in saving so many children from the Holocaust.”1 “MPs’ have voted against an attempt to compel the Government to offer sanctuary in the UK to 3,000 unaccompanied child refugees from Europe.”2 Although the preceding years had borne witness to a heightened engagement with the Holocaust in the political and public spheres, with the establishment of Holocaust Memorial Day (HMD) on 27 January 2001, Britain entered a new phase in the development of its Holocaust consciousness. In the fifteen years since the inaugural ceremony took place Britain has sought to position itself at the very forefront of Holocaust remembrance and education on a national, international, and supranational, level.3 As such, the Holocaust has emerged as a dominant socio-political symbol in 21st century Britain despite the fact that, as Bob Moore has highlighted, “the Holocaust intersects with British history in very few ways.”4 This article will discuss the increasingly central role of Holocaust commemoration and education in 21st century Britain, and will consider how it has not only come to impact conceptualisation of the historical event, but also its influence on broader interpretations of British identity. -
Jewish Survival in Budapest, March 1944 – February 1945
DECISIONS AMID CHAOS: JEWISH SURVIVAL IN BUDAPEST, MARCH 1944 – FEBRUARY 1945 Allison Somogyi A thesis submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2014 Approved by: Christopher Browning Chad Bryant Konrad Jarausch © 2014 Allison Somogyi ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Allison Somogyi: Decisions amid Chaos: Jewish Survival in Budapest, March 1944 – February 1945 (Under the direction of Chad Bryant) “The Jews of Budapest are completely apathetic and do virtually nothing to save themselves,” Raoul Wallenberg stated bluntly in a dispatch written in July 1944. This simply was not the case. In fact, Jewish survival in World War II Budapest is a story of agency. A combination of knowledge, flexibility, and leverage, facilitated by the chaotic violence that characterized Budapest under Nazi occupation, helped to create an atmosphere in which survival tactics were common and widespread. This unique opportunity for agency helps to explain why approximately 58 percent of Budapest’s 200,000 Jews survived the war while the total survival rate for Hungarian Jews was only 26 percent. Although unique, the experience of Jews within Budapest’s city limits is not atypical and suggests that, when fortuitous circumstances provided opportunities for resistance, European Jews made informed decisions and employed everyday survival tactics that often made the difference between life and death. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank everybody who helped me and supported me while writing and researching this thesis. First and foremost I must acknowledge the immense support, guidance, advice, and feedback given to me by my advisor, Dr. -
And Bernardo Bertolucci's 1900
The “Betrayed Resistance” in Valentino Orsini’s Corbari (1970) and Bernardo Bertolucci’s 1900 (1976) Dominic Gavin The connections between Italian film and history have been the object of renewed attention in recent years. A number of studies have provided re-readings of Italian cinema, especially from the perspective of public memory. Charting the interrelations of cinema, the public use of history, and historiography, these studies include reevaluations of the cinema of the Resistance, the war film, the Holocaust and the Fascist dictatorship.1 The ongoing debates over Resistance memory in particular—the “never-ending liberation,” in the words of one historian—have provided a motive for reconsidering popular cultural productions as vehicles of collective perceptions of the past.2 If Italian film studies came relatively late to the issues of cinema and public memory, this approach has now become mainstream.3 In this essay, I am concerned with films on the Resistance during the 1970s. These belong to a wider grouping of contemporary cinematic productions that deal with the Fascist dictatorship and antifascism. These films raise a series of critical questions. How did the general film field contribute to the wider processing of historical memory, and how did it relate to political violence in Italy?4 To what extent did the work of Italian filmmakers participate in the “new discourse” of international cinema in the 1970s concerning the treatment of Nazism and the occupation,5 or to what extent were filmmakers engaged in reaffirming populist