Honore Al Donaldo NASK-Anoj Novhejme
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A Comparison Between Natural and Planned Languages
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) The Case of Correlatives: A Comparison between Natural and Planned Languages Gobbo, F. Publication date 2011 Document Version Final published version Published in Journal of Universal Language Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Gobbo, F. (2011). The Case of Correlatives: A Comparison between Natural and Planned Languages. Journal of Universal Language, 12(2), 45-79. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:28 Sep 2021 Federico Gobbo 45 Journal of Universal Language 12-2 September 2011, 45-79 The Case of Correlatives: A Comparison between Natural and Planned Languages Federico Gobbo University of Insubria 1 Abstract Since the publication of Volapük, the most important functional and deictic words present in grammar—interrogative, relative and demonstrative pronouns, and adjectives among others—have been described in planned grammars in a series or a table, namely “correlatives,” showing a considerable level of regularity. -
Dr. Esperanto's International Language
Cover & prefatory Main text Grammar Vocabulary Footnotes GK home page The original 1887 Esperanto proposal, back in print for a new millennium Dr. Esperanto’s International Language, Introduction & Complete Grammar by Ludovic Lazarus Zamenhof por Angloj English Edition translated by R.H. Geoghegan Balliol College, Oxford 1889 New printing, edited and preface by Gene Keyes 2000 Halifax, Nova Scotia: Verkista HTML version with updated preface 2006 Berwick, Nova Scotia Gene Keyes Website http://www.genekeyes.com [Back cover] In 1887, Warsaw was under the thumb of the Russian empire. In that year, an obscure Polish eye-doctor, Ludovic Lazarus Zamenhof, published identical pamphlets in Russian, Polish, French, and German, proposing Esperanto the easy-to-learn neutral second language for every country. Today, Esperanto is alive and well around the world, and throughout the Internet. This is the 1889 English version of that “First Book” where it all began, reprinted for a new millennium. “My whole grammar can be learned perfectly in one hour.” —Zamenhof [Inside front cover] Permitted by the Censor Warsaw 5 January 1889 ____________________________________ Printed by Ch. Kelter Nowolipie Str. N. 11 For a language to be universal, it is not enough to call it that. An international language, like every national one, is the property of society, and the author renounces all personal rights in it forever. 1889 2000; 2006 Cataloging Information: 1) Author: Zamenhof, Ludovic Lazarus (1859-1917). 2) Translator: Geoghegan, Richard H. (1866-1943). 3) Editor: Keyes, Gene (1941- ). 4) Esperanto. 5) Language and Languages. ISBN 978-0-9698643-5-6 Pamphlet edition published 2000-09-24 First printing Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Verkista First online HTML version 2006-11-28 Gene Keyes Website http://www.genekeyes.com Berwick, Nova Scotia, Canada NB: Footnotes are gathered at the end, but hotlinked so that you can read each one in turn, then be hotlinked back to where you left off. -
Master Reference
Master Quelle image pour l'espéranto? : Regard sur l'image à travers les principales positions idéologiques du mouvement en Europe ZAKI, Eva Neferte Abstract Le présent travail étudie l'image publique de l'espéranto en Europe, à travers les principales positions idéologiques choisies par les branches importantes du mouvement au cours de son histoire. Le terme "image" est utilisé ici dans le sens de la communication au sujet de la langue par les représentants des organisations espérantistes. Afin de dessiner les contours de l'image, l'étude s'appuie sur des dates-clés de l'histoire du mouvement espérantiste, ayant marqué des choix idéologiques importants. Des conclusion et recommandations sont proposées en vue de l'élaboration d'une stratégie de communication positive et efficace. L'objectif plus large de l'étude est de proposer que l'image de l'espéranto soit étudiée dans la perspective d'une politique de communication au sujet de la langue pouvant accompagner une politique linguistique la concernant. Reference ZAKI, Eva Neferte. Quelle image pour l'espéranto? : Regard sur l'image à travers les principales positions idéologiques du mouvement en Europe. Master : Univ. Genève, 2015 Available at: http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:75452 Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version. 1 / 1 Eva Zaki – Mémoire de MA Traduction Quelle image pour l’espéranto ? Regard sur l’image à travers les principales positions idéologiques du mouvement en Europe EVA ZAKI Quelle image pour l’espéranto ? Regard sur l’image à travers les principales positions idéologiques du mouvement en Europe Directeur : Monsieur François Grin Jurée : Madame Véronique Sauron Mémoire présenté à la Faculté de traduction et d’interprétation (Unité de français) pour l’obtention de la Maîtrise universitaire en traduction, mention traduction spécialisée. -
Update/No.34, 2006
UpdateEAB www.esperanto-gb.org ✩ Gisdateˆ An organ of the Esperanto Association of Britain Organo de Esperanto-Asocio de Britio No. 34, July–September 2006 ★ N-ro 34, julio–septembro 2006 ISSN 1741-4679 International communication without discrimination ★ Respect for all cultures Internacia komunikado sen diskriminacio ★ Respekto por ˆiujc kulturoj Reports on the British Congress in Scarborough – a ‘many-sided’ and packed programme This year we have received two hotelo Green Gables – kaj povis por la junuloj en la kongresa reports on the Association’s lively tuj ekbabili Esperante. BaldaΩ hotelo. and interesting 87th Congress: post mia alveno, mi renkontis one in Esperanto, one in English. alian junan kongresanon, Daniel Dek gejunuloj White, kiun mi antaΩe konis Entute estis dek gejunuloj en la Rakonto de novulo: ‘mult- nur interrete. Li tre sa¸e estis kongreso. LaΩ tio, kion mi aΩdis flanka kaj interesa kongreso’ organizinta apartamenton pri antaΩaj kongresoj, tio estas a çi-jara Brita Kongreso de LEsperanto en Scarborough estis la unua, kiun mi çeestis. Mi do rakontos pri ¸i el la vidpunkto de novulo, kiu verßajne estas iom alia ol la vidpunkto de regulaj kongresanoj. Post naΩhora busa voja¸o dum la tuta vendredo, mi tre ¸ojis, kiam mi vespere finfine alvenis al la kongresejo – la sufiçe alta nombro por britaj kongresoj. Mi do ¸ojis pri la junulara etoso, kiu ekestis, ne nur inter la junuloj mem, sed parte ankaΩ inter aliaj kongresanoj. Varia prelegaro kaj teatra√o La kongresa programo estis tre varia kaj interesa. Tamen estis tiom multaj prelegoj unu post la alia tiel, ke verßajne neniu sukcesis çeesti çiujn. -
Az Eszperantó Szerepe a Nyelvi Jogegyenlőség Kérdésében
Pannon Egyetem Modern Filológiai és Társadalomtudományi Kar Társadalomtudományok és Nemzetközi Tanulmányok Intézet Nemzetközi tanulmányok mesterképzési szak Az eszperantó szerepe a nyelvi jogegyenlőség kérdésében Készítette: Herczeg Beatrix Okleveles nemzetközi kapcsolatok elemző jelölt Témavezető: Dr. Szente -Varga Mónika habilitált egyetemi adjunktus Veszprém 2015 Tartalomjegyzék Bevezetés .......................................................................................................................... 4 I. Az eszperantó elméleti megközelítése ........................................................................... 6 II. Fenntarthatóság .......................................................................................................... 19 III. Az eszperantó mozgalom jelenlegi helyzetéről, és a lehetséges megoldásokról ...... 29 IV. Kongresszusok: tradíció és a jövő kulcsa? ............................................................... 42 V. Az Eszperantó Világszövetség (UEA) ....................................................................... 46 VI. Az UEA-ról készített társadalomtudományi felmérés .............................................. 59 VII. Az eszperantó nyelv ................................................................................................ 71 VIII. Nyelvpolitika és a nyelvi jogok érvényesülése ...................................................... 85 Összegzés, kitekintés .................................................................................................... 107 Mellékletek -
La Ondo De Esperanto, 2012, N-Ro 10
LA ONDO de Esperanto Internacia sendependa magazino en Esperanto Lu Wunsch-Rolshoven: “Kreskigi Esperantujon” SAT kaj TEJO kongresis Konferenco de ILEI Landaj kongresoj en Italio kaj Usono Denove en Krynica La lasta FESTO antaµ la fino de la mondo Kio estas Neciklopedio? Jubileo de Lev Gumiljov Tri novaj dokumentoj pri Marko Zamenhof Nia trezoro: Baldur Ragnarsson Rusa antologio: Aleksej Ple›„ejev 2012 10 Vortoj de komitatano Z Al pli azia estonteco de UEA Raportoj pri la UK en Hanojo elstarigas la junecon de la loka esperantistaro. Ankaμ tiu, kiu ne partoprenis la kongre- son, povas konkludi tion el la fotoj, kiujn kongresanoj afi›as en la reto. Estus interese vidi ankaμ statistikojn pri la a•ostrukturo de tiu „i nekutima UK, sed ver›ajne nur tre malmultaj UK-oj, se entute iu alia, estis organizitaj de tiel juna loka laborforto kiel tiu en Hanojo. ¹ Al la kongresanoj el landoj kun laca, maljunula movado INTERNACIA SENDEPENDA MAGAZINO 2012. 10 (216) Hanojo devis esti esperiga sperto: almenaμ en Vjetnamio kaj Aperas „iumonate iuj aliaj aziaj landoj la Afero ›ajnas havi estontecon. En Fondita en 1909 de Aleksandr Sa†arov Vjetnamio ankaμ la aμtoritatoj ›ajne rilatas al Esperanto Refondita en 1991 amike, „ar ili disdonis ordenojn al pluraj esperantistoj kaj Eldonas kaj administras Halina Gorecka ankaμ al Universala Esperanto-Asocio mem, kiu post pli ol Redaktas Aleksander Kor±enkov duona jarcento en Roterdamo ankoraμ atendas sian unuan Konstantaj kunlaborantoj Peter Balá, István Ertl, nederlandan medalon. Dafydd ab Iago, Wolfgang Kirschstein, Aleksej Kor±enkov, Tamen, okcidentanoj ne nur pasive kovu esperon pri hela Alen Kris, Floréal Martorell, Valentin Melnikov, estonteco en Azio, sed ili, kaj kun ili UEA, flegu la tiean Paμlo Mo±ajev, Sergio Pokrovskij, Serge Sire, movadon. -
Will Chinese Replace English As the Global Language?
Will Chinese replace English as the global language? By Zhenlin Fan A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Chinese Linguistics Supervisor: Prof. Dr. R.P.E. Sybesma Leiden University July 2018 Table of Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................................. 2 Chapter 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter 2 English ................................................................................................................................ 6 2.1 What is global language? ............................................................................................................ 6 2.2 Is English a global language? ..................................................................................................... 7 2.3 How did English become a global language? ............................................................................ 9 2.3.1 Colonial expansion ............................................................................................................... 10 2.3.2 Cultural influence ................................................................................................................. 11 2.3.3 International status................................................................................................................ 12 2.3.4 Economic and technological influence -
English-Only Europe?
English-Only Europe? ‘Globalization and EU enlargement mean that languages from the whole of Europe are coming into even closer contact. This percep- tive book makes a sweeping Grand Tour of the political, cultural and economic issues that we all consequently face, and I hope that those who frame language policy will be influenced by it.’ Neil Kinnock, Vice-President of the European Commission ‘An important and timely book, containing a rich and wide- ranging set of ideas about the “on the ground” reality of language policy in Europe. The book is very engaging, and will appeal to a wide range of readers.’ Joseph Lo Bianco, Director, Language Australia, The National Languages and Literacy Institute of Australia ‘Absolutely essential reading if we are to prevent a linguistic cata- strophe in a rapidly anglicizing Europe.’ Dafydd ap Fergus, Secretary General of the European Esperanto Union Languages are central to the development of an integrated Europe. The way in which the European Union deals with multilingualism has serious implications for both individual member countries and international relations. In this timely and provocative book, Robert Phillipson considers whether the cur- rent expansion of English represents a serious threat to other European languages. The book explores the role of languages in the process of European integration. After looking at the implications of current policies, Phillipson argues the case for more active language policies to safeguard a multilingual Europe. Drawing on examples of countries with explicit language policies, such as Canada and South Africa, the book sets out Phillipson’s vision of an inclusive language policy for Europe, and describes how it can be attained. -
Sources of Text for Esperanto Corpora
Esperantologio / Esperanto Studies 6 (2013), 109 128 Sources of text for Esperanto corpora Vilius Normantas Contents 1. Introduction 109 2. Readily available Esperanto corpora 113 3. Sources of electronically available text from which to develop written and spoken Esperanto corpora 118 4. Sources of print text from which to develop corpora 122 5. Discussion and conclusions 123 References: Books and articles 124 References: Websites 126 Abstract. Use of corpora is not a new concept in Esperanto studies. There are two readily available corpora. Tekstaro de Esperanto offers a relatively small collection of carefully selected samples of written Esperanto through the entire existence of the language. VISL by comparison is much larger and includes more samples, for the most part collected from the Internet. There are certain limitations to both: absence of spoken language samples, absence of manual linguistic annotation, and issues relating to representa- tiveness. The corpora could be improved by harvesting multiple sources of both written and spoken language available on the Internet.1 Resumo. Fontoj de tekstoj por korpusoj de esperanto Uzo de korpusoj ne estas nova koncepto en la studoj pri la lingvo esperanto. Ekzistas du prete uzeblaj korpusoj. Tekstaro de Esperanto prezentas re- lative malgrandan kolekton de zorge elektitaj ekzemploj de skribita uzo de esperanto dum la tuta ekzisto de la lingvo. VISL kompare estas pli granda kaj enhavas pli da ekzemploj, plejparte kolektitajn sur Interreto. Estas kelkaj mankoj en amba˘ukorpusoj: manko de ekzemploj de parola lingvo, manko de mane kreitaj lingvistikaj prinotoj kaj problemoj rilataj al reprezenteco. La korpusoj povas esti plibonigitaj per kolekto de materialo el multaj skribitaj kaj parolaj fontoj haveblaj sur Interreto.2 1. -
In Praise of Fluffy Bunnies
In Praise of Fluffy Bunnies Copyright © 2012, Richard Forsyth. Background Reading John Lanchester's Whoops!, an entertaining account of how highly paid hotshot traders in a number of prestigious financial institutions brought the world to the brink of economic collapse, I was struck by the following sentence: "In an ideal world, one populated by vegetarians, Esperanto speakers and fluffy bunny wabbits, derivatives would be used for one thing only: reducing levels of risk." (Lanchester, 2010: 37). What struck me about this throwaway remark, apart from the obvious implication that derivatives were actually used to magnify risk rather than reducing it (doubtless by carnivores ignorant of Esperanto), was its presumption that right-thinking readers would take it for granted that Esperanto symbolizes well-meaning futility -- thus highlighting the author's status as a tough-minded realist. This is just one illustration that disdain for Esperanto in particular, and auxiliary languages in general, pervades intellectual circles in Britain today, as in many other countries. And if you dare to raise the subject of constructed international languages with a professional translator or interpreter be prepared not just for disdain but outright hostility. Of course professional interpreters are among the most linguistically gifted people on the planet, and can't see why the rest of us shouldn't become fluent in half a dozen natural languages in our spare time. (Not to mention the fact that a widespread adoption of Esperanto, or one of its competitors, would have a seriously negative impact on their opportunities for gainful employment.) Thus Esperanto has become a symbol of lost causes, to be dismissed out of hand by practical folk. -
Update/No.24, 2004
UpdateEAB www.esperanto-gb.org ✩ Gisdateˆ An organ of the Esperanto Association of Britain Organo de Esperanto-Asocio de Britio No. 24, January–March 2004 ★ N-ro 24, januaro–marto 2004 ISSN 1741-4679 International Communication without Discrimination ★ Human Rights in Practice Internacia Komunikado sen Diskriminacio ★ Homaj Rajtoj en la Praktiko Attacks on linguistic independence = wrongful discrimination Here is the continuation and conclusion of Dr Humphrey Tonkin’s article ‘Authentic Language Equal- ity – a European Right’ from the previous issue of EAB Update. The first part ended with the state- ment that a Europe with a logical, just and firm language policy will come about when people begin to understand that language rights are as important as the rights of women or racial civil rights. n a few countries of Europe, “If people are elsewhere, including those in Ilanguage minorities have Italy, deserve our strongest had notable success in preserv- not sensitised praise. The aggressive inter- ing their viability and even vention of the Communications overturning centuries of ne- to the fact Centre in EU language mat- glect. The countries of Europe ters, among other things to need to understand that, that language combat language discrimina- confronted by the British and tion, is a good and appropriate Irish, they are countries whose discrimination is approach to take: if people are languages are minority lan- as unacceptable not sensitised to the fact that guages, whose continental fight language discrimination is as for existence is not really so as other forms of unacceptable as other forms of different from that of Sami discrimination, they won’t even (Lapps) or Welsh, Frisian or discrimination, give the language problem the Friulan, within their respective attention it needs (as is evident countries. -
En La Numero
speranto U S Bi-monthly bulletin published by the Esperanto League for North America 2006/1 Dumonata bulteno eldonata de la Esperanto-Ligo por Norda Ameriko 2006/1 En la Numero Prezidanta Saluto . 3 Raporto de ELNA al UEA . 3 The Heartbeat of ELNA – its Central Office . 4 Nova Paßaro de ELNA. 5-6 Libroforma PMEG!. 6 Loke: Georgio. 7 Kiel Organizi Kongreson . 8 Bonvenon al NASK . 9 Tradukoj por la Nova Epoko . 10 Lost in Translation . 10 Novaj Libroj de ELNA . 11 Vojaßu Esperante! . 12 “Estas nenio kion niaj superhomoj ne povas fari!” Nova, moda, alloga retpaßaro verÙajne nuntempe estas la plej grava vizaßo kiun organiza¢o montras al la mondo, diras Steven Brewer, la vic-prezidanto de ELNA Steven Brewer antaª preskaª dek jaroj. Tiam ricevi nenian respondon. Mi Antaª jaro, oni petis ke mi ßi aspektis sufi¤e moda kaj volontulis respondeci pri la proponu min kiel vic-prezi- dum kelkaj jaroj, oni sufi¤e konstruado de nova paßaro, danton de la Esperanto-Ligo zorge pligrandigis kaj pli- kaj dum la Landa Kongreso por Norda Ameriko (ELNA) bonigis ßin. Poste ßi komencis 2005 oni elektis min kiel vic- kaj mi akceptis. Kiam mi putri. prezidanton kaj oficialigis min rigardis la bezonojn de ELNA, Dum la pasintaj kelkaj jaroj kiel komisiiton pri la ret- mi decidis ke la plej granda neniu vere subtenis ßin. Oni paßaro. Mi dissendis peton ke bezono verÙajne estas la ret- povis sendadi petojn al la oni helpu min novigi kaj re- paßaro. Oni konstruis ßin komisiito pri la retpaßaro kaj desegni la paßaron.