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Pentium Processors Have Slightly Different Requirements to Enable and Disable Paging
D Pentium® Processor Family Developer’s Manual Volume 1: Pentium® Processors NOTE: The Pentium® Processor Family Developer’s Manual consists of three books: Pentium® Processors, Order Number 241428; the 82496/82497/82498 Cache Controller and 82491/82492/82493 Cache SRAM, Order Number 241429; and the Architecture and Programming Manual, Order Number 241430. Please refer to all three volumes when evaluating your design needs. 1995 Information in this document is provided in connection with Intel products. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. Except as provided in Intel’s Terms and Conditions of Sale for such products, Intel assumes no liability whatsoever, and Intel disclaims any express or implied warranty, relating to sale and/or use of Intel products including liability or warranties relating to fitness for a particular purpose, merchantability, or infringement of any patent, copyright or other intellectual property right. Intel products are not intended for use in medical, life saving, or life sustaining applications. Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice. The Pentium® processor may contain design defects or errors known as errata. Current characterized errata are available on request. *Third-party brands and names are the property of their respective owners. Contact your local Intel sales office or your distributor to obtain the latest specifications and before placing your product order. Copies of documents which have an ordering number and are referenced in this document, or other Intel literature, may be obtained from: Intel Corporation P.O. Box 7641 Mt. -
Computing :: Operatingsystems :: DOS Beyond 640K 2Nd
DOS® Beyond 640K 2nd Edition DOS® Beyond 640K 2nd Edition James S. Forney Windcrest®/McGraw-Hill SECOND EDITION FIRST PRINTING © 1992 by James S. Forney. First Edition © 1989 by James S. Forney. Published by Windcrest Books, an imprint of TAB Books. TAB Books is a division of McGraw-Hill, Inc. The name "Windcrest" is a registered trademark of TAB Books. Printed in the United States of America. All rights reserved. The publisher takes no responsibility for the use of any of the materials or methods described in this book, nor for the products thereof. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Forney, James. DOS beyond 640K / by James S. Forney. - 2nd ed. p. cm. Rev. ed. of: MS-DOS beyond 640K. Includes index. ISBN 0-8306-9717-9 ISBN 0-8306-3744-3 (pbk.) 1. Operating systems (Computers) 2. MS-DOS (Computer file) 3. PC -DOS (Computer file) 4. Random access memory. I. Forney, James. MS-DOS beyond 640K. II. Title. QA76.76.063F644 1991 0058.4'3--dc20 91-24629 CIP TAB Books offers software for sale. For information and a catalog, please contact TAB Software Department, Blue Ridge Summit, PA 17294-0850. Acquisitions Editor: Stephen Moore Production: Katherine G. Brown Book Design: Jaclyn J. Boone Cover: Sandra Blair Design, Harrisburg, PA WTl To Sheila Contents Preface Xlll Acknowledgments xv Introduction xvii Chapter 1. The unexpanded system 1 Physical limits of the system 2 The physical machine 5 Life beyond 640K 7 The operating system 10 Evolution: a two-way street 12 What else is in there? 13 Out of hiding 13 Chapter 2. -
The Intel X86 Microarchitectures Map Version 2.0
The Intel x86 Microarchitectures Map Version 2.0 P6 (1995, 0.50 to 0.35 μm) 8086 (1978, 3 µm) 80386 (1985, 1.5 to 1 µm) P5 (1993, 0.80 to 0.35 μm) NetBurst (2000 , 180 to 130 nm) Skylake (2015, 14 nm) Alternative Names: i686 Series: Alternative Names: iAPX 386, 386, i386 Alternative Names: Pentium, 80586, 586, i586 Alternative Names: Pentium 4, Pentium IV, P4 Alternative Names: SKL (Desktop and Mobile), SKX (Server) Series: Pentium Pro (used in desktops and servers) • 16-bit data bus: 8086 (iAPX Series: Series: Series: Series: • Variant: Klamath (1997, 0.35 μm) 86) • Desktop/Server: i386DX Desktop/Server: P5, P54C • Desktop: Willamette (180 nm) • Desktop: Desktop 6th Generation Core i5 (Skylake-S and Skylake-H) • Alternative Names: Pentium II, PII • 8-bit data bus: 8088 (iAPX • Desktop lower-performance: i386SX Desktop/Server higher-performance: P54CQS, P54CS • Desktop higher-performance: Northwood Pentium 4 (130 nm), Northwood B Pentium 4 HT (130 nm), • Desktop higher-performance: Desktop 6th Generation Core i7 (Skylake-S and Skylake-H), Desktop 7th Generation Core i7 X (Skylake-X), • Series: Klamath (used in desktops) 88) • Mobile: i386SL, 80376, i386EX, Mobile: P54C, P54LM Northwood C Pentium 4 HT (130 nm), Gallatin (Pentium 4 Extreme Edition 130 nm) Desktop 7th Generation Core i9 X (Skylake-X), Desktop 9th Generation Core i7 X (Skylake-X), Desktop 9th Generation Core i9 X (Skylake-X) • Variant: Deschutes (1998, 0.25 to 0.18 μm) i386CXSA, i386SXSA, i386CXSB Compatibility: Pentium OverDrive • Desktop lower-performance: Willamette-128 -
Communication Theory II
Microprocessor (COM 9323) Lecture 2: Review on Intel Family Ahmed Elnakib, PhD Assistant Professor, Mansoura University, Egypt Feb 17th, 2016 1 Text Book/References Textbook: 1. The Intel Microprocessors, Architecture, Programming and Interfacing, 8th edition, Barry B. Brey, Prentice Hall, 2009 2. Assembly Language for x86 processors, 6th edition, K. R. Irvine, Prentice Hall, 2011 References: 1. Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, 5th edition, J. Hennessy, D. Patterson, Elsevier, 2012. 2. The 80x86 Family, Design, Programming and Interfacing, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall, 2002 3. The 80x86 IBM PC and Compatible Computers, Assembly Language, Design, and Interfacing, 4th edition, M.A. Mazidi and J.G. Mazidi, Prentice Hall, 2003 2 Lecture Objectives 1. Provide an overview of the various 80X86 and Pentium family members 2. Define the contents of the memory system in the personal computer 3. Convert between binary, decimal, and hexadecimal numbers 4. Differentiate and represent numeric and alphabetic information as integers, floating-point, BCD, and ASCII data 5. Understand basic computer terminology (bit, byte, data, real memory system, protected mode memory system, Windows, DOS, I/O) 3 Brief History of the Computers o1946 The first generation of Computer ENIAC (Electrical and Numerical Integrator and Calculator) was started to be used based on the vacuum tube technology, University of Pennsylvania o1970s entire CPU was put in a single chip. (1971 the first microprocessor of Intel 4004 (4-bit data bus and 2300 transistors and 45 instructions) 4 Brief History of the Computers (cont’d) oLate 1970s Intel 8080/85 appeared with 8-bit data bus and 16-bit address bus and used from traffic light controllers to homemade computers (8085: 246 instruction set, RISC*) o1981 First PC was introduced by IBM with Intel 8088 (CISC**: over 20,000 instructions) microprocessor oMotorola emerged with 6800. -
Premiere/PCI II Baby-AT Board & Expandable Desktop
Premiere/PCI II Baby-AT Board & Expandable Desktop Technical Product Summary Version 2.0 December, 1994 Order Number 281626-002 ® Premiere/PCI II Technical Product Summary Table of Contents Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 3 Board Level Features ............................................................................................................................. 4 CPU Performance Upgrade Second Level Cache System Memory Expansion Slots Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Chip Set SMC 37C665 Super I/O Controller Keyboard Interface Dallas DS12887 Real Time Clock, CMOS RAM And Battery System BIOS Connectors System Level Features............................................................................................................................ 10 Chassis Peripheral Bays Fan Expansion Slots Front and Back Panel Power Supply and Power Consumption Floppy Drive Speaker Chassis Color Appendix A - User-Installable Upgrades............................................................................................... 12 Appendix B - Jumpers........................................................................................................................... 13 Appendix C - Connectors ...................................................................................................................... 14 Appendix D - Memory Map ................................................................................................................. -
Mikroişlemcilerin Tarihi
D9 Mikroişlemcilerin Tarihi 1 D9 Mikroişlemcilerin Tarihi Mikroişlemcili sistemlerin kalbi olarak kabul edilen mikroişlemciler, genel amaçlı elemanlardır ve farklı uygulamalarda amaca uygun olarak kullanılırlar. Kullandığımız bilgisayarlar ister masaüstü, ister sunucu isterse de dizüstü bilgisayar olsun tüm cihazlarda temel eleman mikroişlemcidir. 2 D9 Mikroişlemcilerin Tarihi Diğer taraftan kullandığımız mikroişlemci bir Pentium, Athlon, PowerPC, SPARC veya Alpha yada herhangi bir marka olabilir, ancak tüm işlemciler benzer yöntemlerle benzer işler gerçekleştirir. İşlemleri yerine getirmede mantıksal devreleri kullanan mikroişlemcilerde temel elektronik eleman olarak transistörler kullanılır. 3 D9 Mikroişlemcilerin Tarihi Mikroişlemcili sistemlerin ve bilgisayarların en önemli parçası olan bu eleman başlangıçtan günümüze kadar hızlı bir gelişim süreci sergilemiştir. 8086 işlemcisiyle beraber Intel ailesinin mikroişlemcilerde kullandığı mimariye Intel Mimarisi (Intel Architecture-IA) denilmiştir. 4 D9 Mikroişlemcilerin Tarihi Mikroişlemcileri bir kerede işleyebildikleri bit sayısına göre sınıflandırmaya tabi tutarsak; – 8 bitlik mikroişlemciler – 16 bitlik mikroişlemciler – 32 bitlik mikroişlemciler – 64 bitlik mikroişlemciler Şeklinde sınıflama yapabiliriz. 5 D9 Birinci Kuşak Mikroişlemciler Bu kuşak mikroişlemciler eski orijinal IBM PC, XT tipi ve benzer makinalarda kullanılmıştır. O günlerin şartlarına göre mükemmel fakat günümüze göre oldukça sınırlı yeteneklere sahip bu makinelerle günümüz makineleri kıyaslanırsa çok ilkel -
Prozessorenliste
Fach Bezeichnung Stepping Taktfrequenz Anmerkung 1A Intel C4001 7347 0,74 MHz ROM Intel P4002-1 0488D RAM Intel D4002-2 X1191128 RAM Intel P4003 F8956 Shift Register Intel P4004 5199W Prozessor Intel P1101A 7485 MOS SRAM 1B Intel D8008 I1220098 Intel P4040 5869W 1C Intel D3001 I3320035 Intel D3002 I3370036 1D Intel P8259A-2 L8360894 10 MHz PIC Intel P8254-2 L0421586 10 MHz PIT 1E Intel P8080A 2194B 2 MHz Intel P8086-2 L4151756B 5 MHz 1F Intel P8088 L5500345 5 MHz Intel C8087 L5380043 Math. CP 1G Intel P8031 L61100346 12 MHz Intel P8085 L5500055 3 MHz 1H Intel 8237A L0311554 5 MHz DMA Contr. Intel P8274 L7440107 MPSC Intel D8742 U2420277 12 MHz 8 Bit SMC 2A AMD N80186, N80186 91939DFE7 10 MHz, 12 MHz 335BCWD AMD 80286, Intel 80188 918KPSC L5322539 2B Intel 80286, 80286 L8500401 6, 12 MHz L9080860 2C Intel 80287 L9190444 10 MHz Math. CP 2D Intel 80286 L2140286 6 MHz Harris 80286 F3360 16MHz 2E Intel NG80386SX L1121576 16 MHz 2F Intel A82596SX SZ649 20 MHz 2G Intel 80486SX SX676 25 MHz 2H Intel A80501 SX835 60 MHz FDIV Bug 3A Intel Pentium II SL357 400 MHz Deschutes 3B Intel 80386DX SX366 33 MHz IIT 3C87 KY9220 40 MHz Math. CP 3C IT´s ST 80486DX4 100 MHz 3D UMC GREEN CPU U5S 9439K 33 MHz Not for US Sale 3E Intel 80386DX/DXL SX218 25 MHz IIT 3C87 ID9143.8 33MHz Math. CP 3F M27128AFI 88723S EPROM 3G Intel Pentium 4 SL79L 3,0 GHz Prescott Intel Pentium 4 SL6RZ 2,4 GHz Nortwood 3H Intel Celeron SL2WM 300 MHz Mendocino 4A Intel Pentium II SL357 400 MHz Deschutes 4B Intel i80960 L8373305B0 33 MHz RISC 4C Intel i80860XR SX438 40 MHz RISC 4D Intel -
Pentium® Processor Family Developer's Manual
D Pentium® Processor Family Developer’s Manual Volume 1: Pentium® Processors NOTE: The Pentium® Processor Family Developer’s Manual consists of three books: Pentium® Processors, Order Number 241428; the 82496/82497/82498 Cache Controller and 82491/82492/82493 Cache SRAM, Order Number 241429; and the Architecture and Programming Manual, Order Number 241430. Please refer to all three volumes when evaluating your design needs. 1995 PATENT NOTICE Through its investment in computer technology, Intel Corporation (Intel) has acquired numerous proprietary rights, including patents issued by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Intel has patents covering the use or implementation of processors in combination with other products, e.g., certain computer systems. System and method patents or pending patents, of Intel and others, may apply to these systems. A separate license may be required for their use (see Intel Terms and Conditions for details). Specific Intel patents include U.S. patent 4,972,338. Information in this document is provided solely to enable use of Intel products. Intel assumes no liability whatsoever, including infringement of any patent or copyright, for sale and use of Intel products except as provided in Intel’s Terms and Conditions of Sale for such products. Intel Corporation makes no warranty for the use of its products and assumes no responsibility for any errors which may appear in this document nor does it make a commitment to update the information contained herein. Intel retains the right to make changes to these specifications at any time, without notice. Contact your local Intel sales office or your distributor to obtain the latest specifications before placing your product order. -
Computer Architectures an Overview
Computer Architectures An Overview PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sat, 25 Feb 2012 22:35:32 UTC Contents Articles Microarchitecture 1 x86 7 PowerPC 23 IBM POWER 33 MIPS architecture 39 SPARC 57 ARM architecture 65 DEC Alpha 80 AlphaStation 92 AlphaServer 95 Very long instruction word 103 Instruction-level parallelism 107 Explicitly parallel instruction computing 108 References Article Sources and Contributors 111 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 113 Article Licenses License 114 Microarchitecture 1 Microarchitecture In computer engineering, microarchitecture (sometimes abbreviated to µarch or uarch), also called computer organization, is the way a given instruction set architecture (ISA) is implemented on a processor. A given ISA may be implemented with different microarchitectures.[1] Implementations might vary due to different goals of a given design or due to shifts in technology.[2] Computer architecture is the combination of microarchitecture and instruction set design. Relation to instruction set architecture The ISA is roughly the same as the programming model of a processor as seen by an assembly language programmer or compiler writer. The ISA includes the execution model, processor registers, address and data formats among other things. The Intel Core microarchitecture microarchitecture includes the constituent parts of the processor and how these interconnect and interoperate to implement the ISA. The microarchitecture of a machine is usually represented as (more or less detailed) diagrams that describe the interconnections of the various microarchitectural elements of the machine, which may be everything from single gates and registers, to complete arithmetic logic units (ALU)s and even larger elements. -
Premiere/PCI Baby-AT Board & Expandable Desktop
Premiere/PCI Baby-AT Board & Expandable Desktop Technical Product Summary Final Review Copy Version 2.0 March, 1994 Order Number 281604-002 ® Premiere/PCI Baby-AT Technical Product Summary · Page 2 Intel Corporation disclaims all warranties and liabilities for the use of this document and the information contained herein, and assumes no responsibility for any errors which may appear in this document. Intel makes no commitment to update the information contained herein, and may make changes at any time without notice. There are no express or implied licenses granted hereunder to any intellectual property rights of Intel Corporation or others to design or fabricate Intel integrated circuits or integrated circuits based on the information in this document. Contact your local sales office to obtain the latest specifications before placing your order. The following are trademarks of Intel Corporation and may only be used to identify Intel products: AboveÔ ICEä LANDeskÔ ActionMediaâ iCOMPä MCSâ DVIâ Indeoä NetPortÔ EtherExpressÔ Insight960™ NetportExpress™ ExCAÔ Intel287Ô OverDriveÔ FlashFileÔ Intel386Ô ParagonÔ i287Ô Intel387Ô PentiumÔ i386Ô Intel486Ô RapdiCADä i387Ô Intel487Ô SatisFAXtionâ i486Ô Intel Insideâ Solutions960™ i487Ô IntelDX2™ StorageExpressä i750â IntelDX4™ TokenExpressÔ i860ä iPSCâ i960â iRMX® The Indeo, OverDrive and Pentium logos are trademarks and the Intel and Intel Inside logos are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. Intel Corporation and Intel’s FASTPATH are not affiliated with Kinetics, a division of Excelan, Inc. or its FASTPATH trademark or products. MDS is an ordering code only and is not used as a product name or trademark. MDS is a trademark or registered trademark of its respective owner. Additional copies of Intel literature may be obtained from: Intel Corporation Literature Sales P.O. -
Pentium® Processor Family Developer's Manual
D Pentium® Processor Family Developer’s Manual 1997 12/19/96 9:12 AM Front.doc Information in this document is provided in connection with Intel products. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. Except as provided in Intel's Terms and Conditions of Sale for such products, Intel assumes no liability whatsoever, and Intel disclaims any express or implied warranty, relating to sale and/or use of Intel products including liability or warranties relating to fitness for a particular purpose, merchantability, or infringement of any patent, copyright or other intellectual property right. Intel products are not intended for use in medical, life saving, or life sustaining applications. Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice. Designers must not rely on the absence or characteristics of any features or instructions marked "reserved" or "undefined." Intel reserves these for future definition and shall have no responsibility whatsoever for conflicts or incompatibilities arising from future changes to them. The Pentium® processor may contain design defects or errors known as errata. Current characterized errata are available on request. MPEG is an international standard for video compression/decompression promoted by ISO. Implementations of MPEG CODECs, or MPEG enabled platforms may require licenses from various entities, including Intel Corporation. Contact your local Intel sales office or your distributor to obtain the latest specifications and before placing your product order. Copies of documents which have an ordering number and are referenced in this document, or other Intel literature, may be obtained from: Intel Corporation P.O. -
P5F93/P5F93U Quick Reference the User’S Manual Is Located at Compact Disc’S \Manual\English Or Chinese 1: CPU Socket 7 1
P5F93/P5F93U Quick Reference The User’s Manual is located at Compact Disc’s \manual\English or Chinese 1: CPU Socket 7 1. Mainboard Layout: 2: ISA Expansion Slots 3: PCI Expansion Slots 3 i 1 1 13 4 COM1 COM2 14 L 5 4: AGP Slot 1 9 19 A M 1 1 1 5: DIMM Module Sockets 1 12 1 10 6: IDE Connectors 3 IR 7 8 11 7: Floppy Drive Connector L F P P P C C C P 8: Parallel Port Connector 6 D I I I I I T D 3 2 1 2 D D 9: Serial Port Connectors E E 5 JP11 B B B 10: IR Port Header 21 1 2 A A A 11: ATX Power Connector 1 4 N N N 12: AT Power Connector 2 4 5 1 JP7 M K K K 13: AT Keyboard Connector i L A 14: PS/2 Mouse Connector 2 1 0 15: Flash BIOS S I 16: Dual Switching Power 18 M S S I I 15 I 17: Front Panel Connectors M S S o M A c A 1 k 18: Battery (CR2032 Lithium) M e 2 1 S t 2 W P 7 I 19: Dual USB Connector 6 1 D 1 5 4 3 1 20: CPU Fan Connector 2 N 1 22 JP7 JP2 O 17 S 16 D D 21: Wake On LAN Header W I I M M P I 3 22: Winbond 83781D PC Health D 2 23 2 N 20 1 O M M Monitor Chip (Assemble option) 2 1 23: 512KB/1MB Pipeline Cache Chip 2.