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The Microbial Diversity of Non-Korean Kimchi As Revealed by Viable Counting and Metataxonomic Sequencing
foods Article The Microbial Diversity of Non-Korean Kimchi as Revealed by Viable Counting and Metataxonomic Sequencing Antonietta Maoloni 1, Ilario Ferrocino 2 , Vesna Milanovi´c 1, Luca Cocolin 2 , Maria Rita Corvaglia 2, Donatella Ottaviani 3, Chiara Bartolini 3, Giulia Talevi 3, Luca Belleggia 1, Federica Cardinali 1, Rico Marabini 1, Lucia Aquilanti 1,* and Andrea Osimani 1,* 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; [email protected] (A.M.); [email protected] (V.M.); [email protected] (L.B.); f.cardinali@staff.univpm.it (F.C.); [email protected] (R.M.) 2 Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Torino, Italy; [email protected] (I.F.); [email protected] (L.C.); [email protected] (M.R.C.) 3 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche, Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131 Ancona, Italy; [email protected] (D.O.); [email protected] (C.B.); [email protected] (G.T.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (L.A.); [email protected] (A.O.) Received: 14 October 2020; Accepted: 26 October 2020; Published: 29 October 2020 Abstract: Kimchi is recognized worldwide as the flagship food of Korea. To date, most of the currently available microbiological studies on kimchi deal with Korean manufactures. Moreover, there is a lack of knowledge on the occurrence of eumycetes in kimchi. Given these premises, the present study was aimed at investigating the bacterial and fungal dynamics occurring during the natural fermentation of an artisan non-Korean kimchi manufacture. -
A Taxonomic Note on the Genus Lactobacillus
Taxonomic Description template 1 A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: 2 Description of 23 novel genera, emended description 3 of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union 4 of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae 5 Jinshui Zheng1, $, Stijn Wittouck2, $, Elisa Salvetti3, $, Charles M.A.P. Franz4, Hugh M.B. Harris5, Paola 6 Mattarelli6, Paul W. O’Toole5, Bruno Pot7, Peter Vandamme8, Jens Walter9, 10, Koichi Watanabe11, 12, 7 Sander Wuyts2, Giovanna E. Felis3, #*, Michael G. Gänzle9, 13#*, Sarah Lebeer2 # 8 '© [Jinshui Zheng, Stijn Wittouck, Elisa Salvetti, Charles M.A.P. Franz, Hugh M.B. Harris, Paola 9 Mattarelli, Paul W. O’Toole, Bruno Pot, Peter Vandamme, Jens Walter, Koichi Watanabe, Sander 10 Wuyts, Giovanna E. Felis, Michael G. Gänzle, Sarah Lebeer]. 11 The definitive peer reviewed, edited version of this article is published in International Journal of 12 Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004107 13 1Huazhong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Key 14 Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China. 15 2Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience 16 Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium 17 3 Dept. of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy 18 4 Max Rubner‐Institut, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kiel, Germany 19 5 School of Microbiology & APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland 20 6 University of Bologna, Dept. of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Bologna, Italy 21 7 Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Vrije Universiteit 22 Brussel, Brussels, Belgium 23 8 Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, 24 Belgium 25 9 Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada 26 10 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada 27 11 National Taiwan University, Dept. -
Analysis of Kimchi, Vegetable and Fruit Consumption Trends Among Korean Adults: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1998-2012)
Nutrition Research and Practice. 2015 Published online 2015 December 2 ⓒ2015 The Korean Nutrition Society and the Korean Society of Community Nutrition http://e-nrp.org Analysis of Kimchi, vegetable and fruit consumption trends among Korean adults: data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1998-2012) Eun-Kyung Kim1*, Yoo-Kyoung Park2*, Ae-Wha Ha3, Eun-Ok Choi4 and Se-Young Ju3§ 1Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea 2Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104 , Korea 3Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, 126, Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin 16890, Korea 4World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Korea BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to analyze daily kimchi, vegetable and fruit consumption by general characteristics and vegetable and fruit consumption from 1998 to 2012 by the Korean population based on the data of the KNHANES (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This study is based on the 1998-2012 KNHNES. Analysis data on 54,700 subjects aged 19 years and older were obtained from health behavior interviews and the 24-hour dietary recall method. RESULTS: Daily kimchi consumption and portion size of kimchi decreased significantly from 1998 to 2012 (adjusted P for trend < 0.0001). Meanwhile, daily consumption of both non-salted vegetable and fruit with and without kimchi did not significantly change between 1998 and 2012. Reduced consumption of kimchi, non-salted vegetable, and fruit was observed for both genders as well as daily meal episodes and cooking locations. -
Great Food, Great Stories from Korea
GREAT FOOD, GREAT STORIE FOOD, GREAT GREAT A Tableau of a Diamond Wedding Anniversary GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS This is a picture of an older couple from the 18th century repeating their wedding ceremony in celebration of their 60th anniversary. REGISTRATION NUMBER This painting vividly depicts a tableau in which their children offer up 11-1541000-001295-01 a cup of drink, wishing them health and longevity. The authorship of the painting is unknown, and the painting is currently housed in the National Museum of Korea. Designed to help foreigners understand Korean cuisine more easily and with greater accuracy, our <Korean Menu Guide> contains information on 154 Korean dishes in 10 languages. S <Korean Restaurant Guide 2011-Tokyo> introduces 34 excellent F Korean restaurants in the Greater Tokyo Area. ROM KOREA GREAT FOOD, GREAT STORIES FROM KOREA The Korean Food Foundation is a specialized GREAT FOOD, GREAT STORIES private organization that searches for new This book tells the many stories of Korean food, the rich flavors that have evolved generation dishes and conducts research on Korean cuisine after generation, meal after meal, for over several millennia on the Korean peninsula. in order to introduce Korean food and culinary A single dish usually leads to the creation of another through the expansion of time and space, FROM KOREA culture to the world, and support related making it impossible to count the exact number of dishes in the Korean cuisine. So, for this content development and marketing. <Korean Restaurant Guide 2011-Western Europe> (5 volumes in total) book, we have only included a selection of a hundred or so of the most representative. -
Fermented Foods
Chapter 6 Fermented Foods Fermentation in food processing is the process of converting carbohydrate to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms, yeasts or bacteria-under anaerobic conditions. Fermented foods are rich in probiotic bacteria so by consuming fermented foods the health of gut microbiome and digestive system can increase and also can enhances the immune system. Sauerkraut Sauerkraut is a finely cut raw cabbage that has been fermented by lactic acid bacteria. It is made by a process of pickling called lactic acid fermentation. The cabbage is finely shredded, layered with salt and left to ferment. Fully cured sauerkraut keeps for several months in an airtight container stored at 150C or below. The fermentation process involves three phases. In the first phase, anaerobic bacteria such as Klebsiella and Enterobacter lead the fermentation and beginning to produce an acidic environment that favors later bacteria. The second phase starks as the acid levels becomes too high for many bacteria and Leuconostoc mesenteroides and other Leuconostoc spp. take dominance. In the third phase, various Lactobacillus species including L. brevis and L. plantarum ferment any remaining sugars, further lowering the pH. Properly cured sauerkraut is sufficiently acidic to prevent a favorable environment for the growth of Clostridium botulinum, the toxins of which cause botulism. Tempeh Tempeh is a traditional Indonesian Soy product made from fermented Soybeans. The principal step in making tempeh is the fermentation of soybeans which undergo inoculation with Rhizopus spp. mold Rhizopus oligosporus. The beans are spread into a thin layer and are allowed to ferment for 24-36 hours at a temperature around 300C. -
Easy Kimchi and Korean Noodle Soup
EASY KIMCHI & KOREAN NOODLE SOUP KIMCHI INGREDIENTS Napa Cabbage and Korean radish Onions Green onion or chives, cut into 1-3 cm pieces Fish sauce (Korean one or "Viet Huong") Minced garlic Minced ginger (optional) Sugar Chili powder Cayenne pepper (optional) Sriracha sauce (optional, My favorite brand is Huy Fong Foods with rooster on the logo) Flour (can be replaced w/ cooked rice) DIRECTIONS 1. Cut the root part of Napa cabbage and rinse it. 2. Soak the leaves into salted water until the white stem part is elastic. 3. Rinse and drain salted Napa cabbage. 4. Put roughly chopped onion, minced garlic and ginger (optional) in a blender with fish sauce and blend it. 5. Add plum syrup or sugar and blend it until it has a smoothie consistency. 6. Transfer the mixture into a glass or stainless steel bowl (if you use a plastic or silicone one, it would be dyed red when you put in chili powder). Add chili powder and stir it until you can see a clear red paste. Leave it for at least 10 minutes until chili powder is fully absorbed. 7. Boil 10 tablespoons of water in a pot and turn the heat off when it is about to start to boil and put 1 tablespoon of flour and stir it thoroughly until you cannot see raw flour anymore and let it cool for 10 minutes and mix it with the chili paste. 8. Mix the chili sauce mixture with the cabbage thoroughly until the cabbage is dyed red. If you are using green onion or chives, mix them with the cabbage before adding the chili sauce. -
A Genome-Based Species Taxonomy of the Lactobacillus Genus Complex
A genome-based species taxonomy of the Lactobacillus genus complex Item Type Article Authors Wittouck, S.; Wuyts, S.; Meehan, Conor J.; van Noort, V.; Lebeer, S. Citation Wittouck S, Wuyts S, Meehan CJ et al (2019) A genome-based species taxonomy of the Lactobacillus genus complex. mSystems. 4(5): e00264-19. Rights © 2019 Wittouck et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Download date 03/10/2021 20:20:26 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17513 RESEARCH ARTICLE Ecological and Evolutionary Science A Genome-Based Species Taxonomy of the Lactobacillus Genus Complex Stijn Wittouck,a,b Sander Wuyts,a Conor J. Meehan,c,d Vera van Noort,b Sarah Lebeera Downloaded from aResearch Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium bCentre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium cSchool of Chemistry and Bioscience, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom dBCCM/ITM Mycobacterial Culture Collection, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium ABSTRACT There are more than 200 published species within the Lactobacillus ge- nus complex (LGC), the majority of which have sequenced type strain genomes http://msystems.asm.org/ available. Although genome-based species delimitation cutoffs are accepted as the gold standard by the community, these are seldom actually checked for new or al- ready published species. In addition, the availability of genome data is revealing in- consistencies in the species-level classification of many strains. We constructed a de novo species taxonomy for the LGC based on 2,459 publicly available genomes, us- ing a 94% core nucleotide identity cutoff. -
Menu September 2016
LUNCH MENU A LA CARTE ALL YOU CAN EAT MONDAY-THURSDAY 11AM-2:30PM | EXCEPT HOLIDAYS 불고기 BULGOGI *soy garlic sliced rib eye 18 BEEF 매운 불고기 SPICY BULGOGI *spicy sliced rib eye 19 차돌 박이 CHADOL BAKGI *fatty brisket 19 LUNCH SPECIAL $12 곱창 KOEP CHANG *small intestines 19 대창 DAE CHANG *large intestines 21 select one meat 막창 MAK CHANG *beef abomasum 21 소혀 SOH HYU *beef tongue 26 BULGOGI | 불고기 SOY DWEJI BULGOGI | 간장 돼지불고기 안창살 AHN JUNG SSAL *skirt steak 29 1 soy garlic sliced rib eye* soy garlic sliced pork* 갈비 GALBI *soy garlic short ribs 31 생 갈비 SAENG GALBI *unmarinated short ribs 32 SPICY BULGOGI | 매운 불고기 SPICY DWEJI BULGOGI | 매운 돼지 불고기 갈비 주물럭 GALBI JUMULUK *marinated short rib steak 33 spicy sliced rib eye* spicy sliced pork* 육수 불고기 [2ppl] YOOKSU BULGOGI *soy garlic rib eye in broth 38 꽃등심 SAM KYUP SAL | 삼겹살 DAK GALBI | 닭 갈비 KKOT DEUNGSHIM *angus beef rib eye 44 등심 주물럭 3-layered pork belly* spicy chicken* DEUNGSHIM JUMULUK *soy garlic angus rib eye 45 KOCHUJANG SAM KYUP SAL | 고추장 삼겹살 GOH DEUNG UH| 고등어 삼겹살 SAM KYUP SAL *3-layered pork belly 18 spicy pork belly* mackeral* 대패 삼겹살 DAE PAE SAMKYUP *thinly sliced pork belly 18 PORK 간장 돼지불고기 MAHNUL SAM KYUP SAL | 마늘 삼겹살 CHO KI | 조기 SOY DWEJI BULGOGI *soy garlic sliced pork 19 garlic pork belly* yellow croaker* 매운 돼지불고기 SPICY DWEJI BULGOGI *spicy sliced pork 19 고추장 삼겹살 JANG SAMKYUP *spicy pork belly 20 CURRY SAM KYUP SAL | 카레 삼겹살 KKAL CHI | 갈치 마늘 삼겹살 MAHNUL SAMKYUP *garlic pork belly 20 curry pork belly* belt fish* 카레 삼겹살 CURRY SAMKYUP *curry pork belly 20 허브 삼겹살 HERB SAMKYUP *herb pork belly 20 HERB -
Bibimbap 비빔밥 13 Bibimbap Is Served As a Bowl of Warm White Rice Topped with Namul Or Kimchi and Our Very Own Bibimbap Sauce!
MENU ALL ITEMS SUBJECT TO 10% SERVICE CHARGE AND 7% GST ALL ITEMS SUBJECT TO 10% SERVICE CHARGE AND 7% GST SONGANE ALL DAY LUNCH SET Soup/Rice/Noodles @ $12.90!! Comes with free barley drink and coffee/tea after your meal! :) ALL ITEMS SUBJECT TO 10% SERVICE CHARGE AND 7% GST WE DON'T JUST MEAT EXPECTATIONS 15% OFF FOR ALL MEAT! Available for Weekdays Lunch! 1130pm-230pm FOLLOW US ON INSTA @SONGANESG FOR THIS PROMOTION! ALL ITEMS SUBJECT TO 10% SERVICE CHARGE AND 7% GST THE WEEKDAY Dinner Party! ONE FROM EACH CATEGORY Beef/PorkBeef/Pork SpecialtySpecialty LA Galbi, Bulgogi, Spicy Roast Duck, Pork Belly, Pork Collar, Oritang SoupSoup SidesSides Kimchi Soup, Kimbap, Naengmyun, Soybean Paste Stew, Tteokbokki, Bossam Sundubu, Seafood/Kimchi Pancake JUST @$64.90!! ALL ITEMS SUBJECT TO 10% SERVICE CHARGE AND 7% GST Beef 소고기 Wagyu Beef 와규 고기 35 Experience the fine texture and beautiful marbling on this gorgeous piece of meat! Beef Short-ribs 갈비살 32 Short ribs get the rich marbling of rib steaks with the deep beefy flavour of chuck roast! Bulgogi 불고기 18 Savoury dish, typically thinly sliced beef marinated in a mixture of bulgogi sauce. L.A GALBI 불고기 29 Beef Rib Strips marinated with Korean BBQ sauce! Duroc Pork 돼지고기 Pork Belly 삼겹살 18 What is Duroc Pork? The duroc breed's genetics create a high quality pork product with increased flavour. Pork Collar 목살 18 Enjoy this wonderfully marbled pork ready to be on the grill at this moment! Pork Skirt 갈매기살 21 This rarest part of meat enjoyed by the Korean royalties and nobles in the past is succulent and extremely juicy! Duck 오리고기 Braised Duck Soup 오리탕 18 Oritang is a Korean soup made by slowly simmering duck with various vegetables and roasted perilla seeds to thicken the dish. -
A Genome-Based Species Taxonomy of the Lactobacillus Genus Complex
RESEARCH ARTICLE Ecological and Evolutionary Science Downloaded from A Genome-Based Species Taxonomy of the Lactobacillus Genus Complex Stijn Wittouck,a,b Sander Wuyts,a Conor J. Meehan,c,d Vera van Noort,b Sarah Lebeera aResearch Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium bCentre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium http://msystems.asm.org/ cSchool of Chemistry and Bioscience, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom dBCCM/ITM Mycobacterial Culture Collection, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium ABSTRACT There are more than 200 published species within the Lactobacillus ge- nus complex (LGC), the majority of which have sequenced type strain genomes available. Although genome-based species delimitation cutoffs are accepted as the gold standard by the community, these are seldom actually checked for new or al- ready published species. In addition, the availability of genome data is revealing in- consistencies in the species-level classification of many strains. We constructed a de novo species taxonomy for the LGC based on 2,459 publicly available genomes, us- ing a 94% core nucleotide identity cutoff. We reconciled these de novo species with on January 24, 2020 at University of Antwerp - Library published species and subspecies names by (i) identifying genomes of type strains and (ii) comparing 16S rRNA genes of the genomes with 16S rRNA genes of type strains. We found that genomes within the LGC could be divided into 239 de novo species that were discontinuous and exclusive. Comparison of these de novo species to published species led to the identification of nine sets of published species that can be merged and one species that can be split. -
A Taxonomic Note on the Genus Lactobacillus
TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTION Zheng et al., Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.004107 A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae Jinshui Zheng1†, Stijn Wittouck2†, Elisa Salvetti3†, Charles M.A.P. Franz4, Hugh M.B. Harris5, Paola Mattarelli6, Paul W. O’Toole5, Bruno Pot7, Peter Vandamme8, Jens Walter9,10, Koichi Watanabe11,12, Sander Wuyts2, Giovanna E. Felis3,*,†, Michael G. Gänzle9,13,*,† and Sarah Lebeer2† Abstract The genus Lactobacillus comprises 261 species (at March 2020) that are extremely diverse at phenotypic, ecological and gen- otypic levels. This study evaluated the taxonomy of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae on the basis of whole genome sequences. Parameters that were evaluated included core genome phylogeny, (conserved) pairwise average amino acid identity, clade- specific signature genes, physiological criteria and the ecology of the organisms. Based on this polyphasic approach, we propose reclassification of the genus Lactobacillus into 25 genera including the emended genus Lactobacillus, which includes host- adapted organisms that have been referred to as the Lactobacillus delbrueckii group, Paralactobacillus and 23 novel genera for which the names Holzapfelia, Amylolactobacillus, Bombilactobacillus, Companilactobacillus, Lapidilactobacillus, Agrilactobacil- lus, Schleiferilactobacillus, Loigolactobacilus, Lacticaseibacillus, Latilactobacillus, Dellaglioa, -
Noodles Rice Small Plates Soup Wood Grill
All banchan are gluten free.Garlic Spinach and Marinated Bean Sprouts are also vegan. Banchan small plates Complimentary side dishes that enhance the flavors of your meal. Jjin Mandu Gun Mandu V House-made steamed dumplings with pork, House-made pan fried dumplings with assorted House Kimchi beef, & kimchi (10) vegetables & mushrooms (10) Garlic Spinach Marinated Bean Sprouts Ddukbokki V GF Sangchu Geotjeori V GF wood grill Rice cakes & scallions sautéed in a sweet Leafy greens and julienned scallion salad with Bulgogi GF GF & spicy chili sauce (9) sesame dressing (8) Beoseot Thinly sliced marinated ribeye (22) Marinated shiitake, cremini, & hen of the woods Tong Dak Bossam GF mushrooms (18) Ddak Gui GF Spicy-sweet Korean-style fried chicken (10) Slow roasted pork belly served with a scallion Thinly sliced sesame-marinated chicken salad, ssamjang (soybean-paste) dipping sauce, Vegetarian & Vegan marinade available thighs (18) upon request. and assorted greens (12) Please note: our samjang sauce is not gluten free at this time. All grill items are served with steamed rice, assorted leafy greens for wrapping, sesame oil with salt & cracked peper, and ssamjang (soybean & chili paste) sauce. Vegetarian & Vegan Bibimbap Options Sub Tofu for Bulgogi Vegan orders will not include kimchi rice Sub Extra Vegetables for Bulgogi or egg unless otherwise specified. soup Bibimbap* GF Kimchi Jigae GF Kalbi Tang GF Korean mixed rice with assorted seasonal veggies, Comforting spicy kimchi stew with tofu, pork Rich but delicate clear soup with beef short ribs, bulgogi, fried egg, & gochujang sauce (14) belly, & vegetables (14) glass noodles, korean radish, onion, & garlic (18) Kimchi Bokkeumbap GF Additional Egg $2 Vegetarian & Vegan Option: May Be Made Without Pork Comforting house-made kimchi fried rice with Add Ddak Gui $4 pork belly, fried egg, & roasted seaweed (13) Add Tofu $4 Sides: twenty percent of House Kimchi $5 Steamed Rice $3 House Pickles $5 Ssamjang $1 your order will go Set of Banchan $5 Gochujang $1 noodles directly to our team.