List of Consequences
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A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Nuissl, Henning; Rink, Dieter; Steuer, Philipp Working Paper The consequences of urban sprawl in a context of decline: the case of Leipzig UFZ Discussion Paper, No. 7/2005 Provided in Cooperation with: Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) Suggested Citation: Nuissl, Henning; Rink, Dieter; Steuer, Philipp (2005) : The consequences of urban sprawl in a context of decline: the case of Leipzig, UFZ Discussion Paper, No. 7/2005, UFZ-Umweltforschungszentrum Leipzig-Halle, Leipzig This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/45194 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. 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Box 50 01 36 D-04301 Leipzig Germany Henning Nuissl / Dieter Rink / Philipp Steuer URBS PANDENS The consequences of urban sprawl in a context of decline: The case of Leipzig Discussion Paper, March 2005 Content Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3 01. Land ‘consumption’ ............................................................................................................. 4 (a) Land use statistics ............................................................................................................. 4 (b) GIS analysis of satellite images........................................................................................ 5 (c) Planning data..................................................................................................................... 6 02. Surface sealing ..................................................................................................................... 8 03. Changes in mobility patterns and the growth of traffic........................................................ 9 04. Changes in energy consumption ........................................................................................ 14 05. Pollution ............................................................................................................................. 17 06. Costs................................................................................................................................... 19 (a) Public costs ..................................................................................................................... 19 (b) Private costs.................................................................................................................... 21 (c) Externalised costs ........................................................................................................... 22 07. Amount of space................................................................................................................. 23 (a) Living space.................................................................................................................... 24 (b) Retail space..................................................................................................................... 25 (c) Space for industry and services ...................................................................................... 28 (e) Land for transport purposes ............................................................................................ 29 08. Land prices and the housing market................................................................................... 30 (a) Rents ............................................................................................................................... 30 (b) Land and house prices .................................................................................................... 31 09. Local tax revenue ............................................................................................................... 32 10. Spatial segregation ............................................................................................................. 34 (a) Spatial separation of functions........................................................................................ 34 (b) Spatial separation of social strata ................................................................................... 34 11. Urbanisation of the countryside and the deterioration of landscapes................................. 36 12. Deterioration of the inner city ............................................................................................ 37 13. Reaction of local and regional government to urban sprawl.............................................. 38 Conclusions .............................................................................................................................. 39 References ................................................................................................................................ 43 1 List of tables: Table 1: Urban land (‘Siedlungs- und Verkehrsfläche’) in the Leipzig region ......................... 5 Table 2: Land use change in Leipzig (ha) (GIS data) ................................................................ 5 Table 3: Area subject to development planning in Leipzig and adjacent places since 1990 (ha) ............................................................................................................................................ 7 Table 4: Car density in selected districts of Leipzig: Private passenger cars per 1000 inhabitants in 2004 ........................................................................................................... 10 Table 5: Number of cars per capita (2002) .............................................................................. 10 Table 6: Development of car-ownership since 1990................................................................ 11 Table 7: Employment and numbers of commuters .................................................................. 12 Table 8: Energy consumption by energy source in Leipzig (GWh/year) ................................ 15 Table 9: Impact of pollution in central Leipzig (Leipzig Central Station) (µg/m3) ................. 17 Table 10: CO2 emissions in Leipzig (tons/year/inhabitant) ..................................................... 18 Table 11: Dwellings and floor space in Leipzig (1971–99)..................................................... 24 Table 12: Floor space per inhabitant in the Leipzig region...................................................... 24 Table 13: Shopping malls in the Leipzig Region (more than 15000 sqm) .............................. 26 Table 14: Proportions of large-scale retail segments in the Leipzig region............................. 27 Table 15: Ratio between retail floor space and residential floor space in Leipzig’s suburbia. 27 Table 16: Industrial sites (GE Flächen) actually available (or in planning) with year of permission/development................................................................................................... 28 Table 17: Office space in Leipzig ............................................................................................ 29 Table 18: Share of transport and communication zones in Leipzig......................................... 29 Table 19: Average rents in different types of dwellings in Leipzig in 1998, 1999, 2001........ 31 Table 20: Local tax revenues (Steuereinnahmekraft je Gemeinde) 2001 ................................ 33 Table 21: The labour market in the Leipzig region (2001)...................................................... 35 2 Introduction This is a contribution to the EU-funded project URBS PANDENS. One aim of URBS PAN- DENS is to carry out an integrated impact assessment of social, economic and environmental consequences of urban sprawl in Europe. This paper intends to answer the following ques- tions: • What are the consequences of urban sprawl in the Leipzig region? • What are recent trends and issues of urban sprawl? In order to provide a guide for analysing the impacts