Intercultural Education Series. Some Perspectives on Inter-America. INSTITUTION Bryan Independent School District, Tex.; Texas a and M Univ., College Station

DOCUMENT RESUME ED 052 099 SO 001 427 AUTHOR De Armond, Louis; And Others TITLE Intercultural Education Series. Some Perspectives on Inter-America. INSTITUTION Bryan Independent School District, Tex.; Texas A and M Univ., College Station. SPONS AGENCY Office of Education (DHEW) , Washington, D.C. REPORT NO Monogr-4 PUB DATE 68 NOTE 143p. EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF-$0.65 HC-$6.58 DESCRIPT0hS American History, *Area Studies, Art, *Cross Cultural Studies, Cultural Awareness, Elementary Grades, *Humanities, Intercultural Programs, International Education, *Latin American Culture, Music, Resource Materials, Secondary Grades, *Social Studies, Spanish American Literature IDENTIFIERS *Latin America, Texas ABSTRACT This publication of the Programa de Educacion Interamericana builds upon the overall cultural base on Latin America presented for the teacher in SO 001 424 by providing additional information for understanding past and present events. It also presents, in general view, the development of music, literature, and art. A third dimension is introduced, creativity as it applies to the methodology of teaching. The chapters are: 1) Historical contrasts between Ibero and Anglo America; 2) Inflation in Latin America; 3) Notes on the Latin American Mind; 4) Developing an Approach to Creativity; 5) America and Art; 6)Music in the Americas; and, 7) Spanish American Literature for United States Readers. Bibliographies of suggested reading accompany each chapter; other resources in the Monograph Series are: SO 001 425 and SO 001 426.(Author/VLW) 0' CI WIntercultural Education ;(7Seil& 0 Some Perspectives on Inter-America MONOGRAPH NA. 4 Programa de Educacion Interamericana .... PROGRAMA DE EDUCACION INTERAMERICANA BRYAN INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY Authority:TITLE HI, PL 89-10 68-05789-0 Executive Committee Director, DR. EARL JONES Associate Director, Publications, MRS. FRANCES DEAN Associate Director, Project Development, MISS NORMA FAUBION Associate Director, Media Development, MR. C. A. MAXWELL Senior Adviser, DR. FRANK W. R. HUBERT Superintendent of Schools, MR. ALTON BOWEN Staff Alice Beals, Herlinda Rodriguez, Patricia Langham, Edwin Langford, Elias Hernandez, Glenn Cravey, Jerry Moody, Aurea Andrade, Ziza Oliveira, Menton Solos, Edgar Vargas, Arminda Ramirez, Carson Watt, Thomas Wood, William Stell, John S. Schofield, Mary Roebuck, Marion Clarke, Hamed El-Feky Collaborating Institutions Abilene ISD Marfa ISD Amarillo Public Schools Mc Allen ISD Austin ISD Midland ISD Beaumont ISD Mt. Carmel High School, Houston Bloomington ISD Muleshoe ISD Brownsville ISD Refugio ISD Bryan ISD Round Rock ISD Church of the Good Shepherd San Angelo ISD School, Austin Scottsdale Public Schools Consolidated ISD, Rio Grande CitySherman ISD Corpus Christi ISD Snyder ISD Dallas-Fort Worth Diocese Southwest Educational Development Dallas ISD Laboratory Edgewood ISD, San Antonio Spring Branch ISD El Paso ISD St. Thomas High School, Houston Fort Worth ISD Texas Education Agency Galveston ISD Tyler ISD Houston-Galveston Diocese US Office of Education Houston ISD Victoria Public Schools Laredo ISD Waco ISD Lubbock ISD West Orange-Cove Consolidated ISD Lufkin ISD Address:Building C. Texas A&M University. College Station, Texas 77848 2 Some Perspectives on Inter-America edited by Earl Jones 3 1968 The work presented or reported herein was performed pur- suant to a Grant from the US Office of Education, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.However, the opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the positior or policy of the US Office of Education, and no official endorsement by the US Office of Education should be inferred. 4 PROGRAMA DE EDUCACION INTERAMERICANA INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION SERIES US. DEPARTMENT DFHEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EOUCATIDN THIS DOCUMENT HASSEEN REPRO- DUCED EXACTLY ASRECEIVED FROM ORIG- THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATIDN INATING IT. POINTS OF VIEWOR OPIN- IONS STATED DO NOTNECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICEOF VDU- TATION.POSITION OR POLICY. SOME PERSPECTIVES ON INTER-AMERICA by LOUIS DE ARMOND, IRVING 0. LINGER, JOHN H. HADDOX, GRACE WALKER, EARL JONES, CAROLYN DALY, FRANCES DEAN NUMBER 4 QQ 1968 Texas A&M University Press College Station, Texas Contents PREFACE ii HISTORICAL CONTRASTS BETWEEN IBERO AND ANGLO AMERICA 1 LOUIS DE ARMOND, Professor of History, California State College at Los Angeles INFLATION IN LATIN AMERICA 17 IRVING 0. LINGER, Professor of Economics, Texas A&M University NOTES ON THE LATIN AMERICAN MIND 39 JOHN H. HADDOX, Professor of Philosophy, University of Texas at El Paso DEVELOPING AN APROACH TO CREATIVITY 49 GRACE WALKER, Independent Consultant AMERICA AND ART 61 EARL JONES, Professor of Education and Sociology, Texas A&M University MUSIC OF THE AMERICAS 69 CAROLYN DALY, West Orange-Cove Consolidated ISD SPANISH AMERICAN LITERATURE FOR U.S. READERS 95 FRANCES DEAN, Programa de Educacion Interamericana CONSULTANT BIOGRAPHIES 123 6 Preface Dean Frank W. R. Hubert, when announcing the aims of Programa de Educacion Interamericana, emphasized the need to assist teachers in their quest for greater knowledge con- cerning Interamerica. When identifying the subject matter re- quiring greater strength, teachers and consultants consistently noted empathy and the background information necessary for comprehension, the basis for empathy. Monograph 1, An Introduction to Selected Latin American Cultures, began the task of presenting the overall cultural base and provided some specific examples.Monograph 2 listed available materials for teacher and student use as a self-help stimulus. Monograph 3, Selected Latin American Literature for Youth, sampled that field, hoping to engender further explora- tion of a rich cultural heritage. The present publication builds on the first by providing additional information for understanding past and present events.It also presents, in general view, the development of music, literature, and art. A third dimension is introduced, too, creativity as it applies to the methodology of teaching. Programa de Educacion Interamericana dedicates this fourth volume to Texas educators with the hope that the thoughts of the consultants may aid in producing a better informed public. Editor HISTORICAL CONTRASTS BETWEEN IBERO AND ANGLO AMERICA LOUIS DE ARMOND 1 Historical Contrasts Between Ibero and Anglo America Louis De Armond When the Latin American states won their independence from Spain in the early nineteenth century the total of their population was much larger than that of the only recently independent United States. The likelihood is that the total economic activity of the Latin American states was significantly higher than that of the new United States.The population of both areas was largely dependent on agriculture and agriculture- related economic activities.Both, by today's standards of development, were underdeveloped areas.While the United States was dependent on the shipment of cotton and other agricultural items to industrial Britain as a means to gaining sorely needed foreign exchange, Chile was becoming dependenton the export of copper and nitrates, Argentina on the export of beef and wheat.In a material sense there was little to differentiate the new United States from some of the more populous andeco- nomically active of the Latin American states in the early nineteenth century.Yet, by the end of the century the differences in economic, as well as in social and political development were so great that even the most grossly unobservant person could see them. Today the contrast in levels of economic development has become so vast as to create a major foreign policy problem for the United States in its relations with the Latin American nations. Efforts in this country to explain the growing divergence have too often been based on stereotypes in their turn basedon ignorance and not a little arrogance.Simplistic explanations, superficial and of little value, have only recently begun to be displaced by more sophisticated and perceptive examinationsof Latin American political, social, and economic structures.As these more valid explanations have appeared, it has become increasingly clear that much of the differentiation isto be explained by norms emerging in colonial times and developing such powers of persistence that theyare operative even now. Students at any level seeking to understand Latin America will be more successful if they havean appreciation of these deep-seated differentiating factors.It is no less to be wished that those making up the Latin American policiesof the United States might take these factors into account! First among the differences which must be consideredis the different nature of the two societies from which theNorth American and t'ie Latin American colonistscame. Though the first Spanish colonies were establishedmore than a century before the first Englishmen came to America, thedifference 2 in time is less important than contrasts between English and Spanish institutions already noticeable by the time the first Spanish came to the Caribbean islands. Little of the reason for differentiation can be found in the social or economic condition of the immigrants who left Europe to make a new life in the New World.In both areas, excepting only the wealthy or the well-born who were sent to America to govern the colonies, the new Americans were usually quite poor.The Plymouth and Jamestown colonists were so lacking in resources that they went through an initial period of intense hardship and were almost entirely dependent

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