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SK Doug Cohen 12,000 Cavalry, in Galilee to the North of Jerusalem, Many Without Experience
King Guy’s army marched to engage Saladin, who moved east and lured District of Columbia Supplement Guy into a dangerous tactical location on a dry plain. Saladin took the town of Tiberius and outflanked the Crusaders and blocked any chance of Sir Knight Kevin S. Matthews retreat. Guy boldly but disastrously pushed towards Hattin to attack the Muslim forces at Tiberius and prevent encirclement. Saladin's forces cut Right Eminent Grand Commander off Guy's army from supplies and water, and set fire to the nearby forests, Editor: Carter L. Diggs Jr., EPC, GSwB choking the Christians while Muslim archers fired several waves of arrows down upon them. A valiant defense led by the Templars produced From the Grand Commander’s Apartment numerous deeds of heroism but could not prevent the destruction of most of the Crusader army and the capture of King Guy, the Relic of the True Sir Knights, Cross, and Templar Grand Master Gerard de Ridefort. "Those who fail to learn the lessons of history are condemned to repeat them” - Santayana The Battle of Hattin was a disaster for the Knights Templar. Several hundred knights died in battle and over 100 by execution in the aftermath. The 4th of July is not far off... and for most of us, it is a day of Three months later, the city of Jerusalem fell to Saladin’s forces. remembrance and gratitude to those who paid for our freedom and way of The numbers of the Knights of the Temple in the Holy Land were nearly life. gone. However, many their chaplains and sergeants survived, and their training and logistics backbone across the Mediterranean and Europe However, for a smaller segment of us, it is a date of some historical note. -
Red Sea Entanglement Initial Latin European Intellectual Development Regarding Nubia and Ethiopia During the Twelfth Century
DOI: 10.46586/er.11.2020.8826 Entangled Religions 11.5 (2020) License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 er.ceres.rub.de Red Sea Entanglement Initial Latin European Intellectual Development Regarding Nubia and Ethiopia during the Twelfth Century ADAM SIMMONS Nottingham Trent University, Great Britain ABSTRACT What happens to the ability to retrace networks when individual agents can- not be named and current archaeology is limited? In these circumstances, such networks cannot be traced, but, as this case study will show, they can be reconstructed and their effects can still be witnessed. This article will highlight how Latin European intellectual development regarding the Christian African kingdoms of Nubia and Ethiopia is due to multiple and far-reaching networks between Latin Europeans, Africans, and other Eastern groups, especially in the wider Red Sea region, despite scant direct evidence for the exis- tence of such extensive intellectual networks. Instead, the absence of direct evidence for Latin European engagement with the Red Sea needs to be situated within the wider devel- opment of Latin European understandings of Nubia and Ethiopia throughout the twelfth century as a result of interaction with varied peoples, not least with Africans themselves. The developing Latin European understanding of Nubia was a result of multiple and varied exchanges. KEYWORDS Crusades, Nubia, Ethiopia, Red Sea, twelfth century, intellectual history Introduction The establishment of the Crusader States at the turn of the twelfth century acted as a catalyst [1] for the development of Latin European knowledge of the wider Levant (e.g., Hamilton 2004). This knowledge was principally gained through direct and indirect interactions with various religious and ethnic groups, each of which acted as individual catalysts for a greater shared development of knowledge. -
Hattin: Great Battles Free
FREE HATTIN: GREAT BATTLES PDF John France | 240 pages | 29 Dec 2015 | Oxford University Press | 9780199646951 | English | Oxford, United Kingdom Battle of Ḥaṭṭīn | Middle Eastern history | Britannica It paved the way for the Muslim reconquest of the city of Jerusalem October and of the greater part of the three Crusader states—the county of Tripoli, the principality of Antiochand the kingdom of Jerusalem—thus nullifying the achievements made in the Holy Land by the leaders of the first Crusades and alerting Europe to the need for a third Crusade. In July the Crusaders were camped at Sepphoris, about 20 miles 32 km west of the Sea of Galileewhen word reached them that Saladin had attacked the city of Tiberias along the lake. On July 3 about 20, Crusaders abandoned their camp to go to the relief of the besieged city. Although mounted elements of the Crusader army made repeated charges against the Muslim lines, they were unable to effect any significant breakthrough. The 30,man Muslim army slaughtered many of the Crusaders on the field and captured a Hattin: Great Battles of the True Crossa Christian relic that had been carried into the battle by the bishop of Acre. Hattin: Great Battles also ordered the execution of virtually Hattin: Great Battles captured Templars and Hospitallers ; only Templar Grand Master Gerard de Ridefort avoided Hattin: Great Battles blade. On the day after the battle, Saladin launched his campaign to retake the city of Jerusalem. Print Cite. Facebook Twitter. Give Feedback External Websites. Let us know if you have suggestions to Hattin: Great Battles this article requires login. -
Proceedings of the 163Rd
GRAND COMMANDERY KNIGHTS TEMPLAR OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS PROCEEDINGS OF THE 163RD. ANNUAL CONCLAVE SIR KNIGHT MARK A. KEAGLE RIGHT EMINENT GRAND COMMANDER 2018-2019 NORMAL ILLINOIS AUGUST 3, 2019 1 Mark Allen Keagle Right Eminent Grand Commander Mark Allen Keagle was born May 7, 1974 in Bloomington, Illinois to William and Mary Keagle (Allen). Mark married Sarah Fish on May 22, 2004. They have one daughter Natalie. Mark is a High Speed Production Service Engineer for Xerox Corporation covering Central Illinois. He was raised to the Sublime Degree of Master Mason on December 16, 2006 in Dewitt Lodge #84, AF and AM in Clinton, Illinois. He Presided as Worshipful Master in 2011 and served as Secretary 2012- 2016, and currently serves as Treasurer. He served as District Deputy Grand Master 2015-2017. He was Exalted a Royal Arch Mason in Goodbrake Chapter #59 where he served as High Priest, Secretary , and served as District Deputy Grand High Priest fifth district west 2012-2013. He was greeted as a Royal and Select Master on February 20, 2008 in Clinton Council #74 where he served as Thrice Illustrious Master, and Secretary. He was Dubbed and Created a Knight of the Valiant and Magnanimous Order of the Temple on November 24, 2007 in Clinton Commandery #66 where he served as Eminent Commander 2011- 2013and 2016, and Recorder. He is a member plural member of Constantine Commandery #51, Lincoln Illinois. He served as the fourth Division Commander from 2011-2013, and was elected Grand Junior Warden 2014 beginning his progression through the Grand Line. -
The Crusades – from Christian, Jewish and Muslim Perspectives
1. What do the different accounts of the Crusades have in common? What commonalities, if any, do you detect between the religious ideas of the crusaders and those whom they attacked? What were the similarities and what were the differences in the experiences of the Jews in Rhineland cities and the Arabs in Jerusalem? Why do you think the response of the Jews was so different from the response of the Muslims? 2. What reasons does Pope Urban give for urging the Franks to take up arms and go to the Holy Land? What is the tone of his speech in presenting these reasons? Is this a rational appeal, or an emotional one? Or both? How important is religion in the appeal? What motivations other than religious ones does Urban give? Does his presentation of the reasons for this war conform to the requirements for a just war laid out by Augustine and Aquinas [it must (1) be defensive in nature; (2) violence must be proportionate, doing no more violence than it prevents; (3) aim must be the restoration of peace; and (4) be waged by a legal authority]? 3. Does what happened to the Jews in Germany and the Muslims in Jerusalem strike you as a logical outcome of Urban‘s appeal? 4. According to al-Athir‘s narrative, what is the cause of the Crusades to the Holy Land? How does his description of these causes and events compare with the Christian accounts of the launching of the First Crusade? How do you account for the different views of the same events? 5. -
Magistri Thietmari Peregrenatio Pilgerreise Nach Palästina Und Auf Den Sina in Den Jahren 1217/1218
Magistri Thietmari Peregrenatio Pilgerreise nach Palästina und auf den Sina in den Jahren 1217/1218 herausgegeben von ULF KOPPITZ, Geretsried Vorbemerkung des Herausgebers S. 121 Edition: Magistri Thietmari Peregrenatio S. 127 Anhänge S. 176 Anhang: „Karten und Bilder“ (in der Reihenfolge von Thiet- mars Reise) - Übersichtskarte des Pilgerweges mit Ortsangaben und Verweisen auf Anhänge S. 176 - Übersichtskarte des Pilgerweges, farbige Reliefkarte ohne Ortsangaben, um einen Eindruck von der Land- schaft zu geben S. 177 - Kartenskizze Akkon S. 178 - Historische Ansicht Berg Tabor S. 178 - Karte Damaskus S. 179 - Karte und zwei Bilder des ersten tiefen Wadis im Ostjordanland S. 180 - Ansicht und Grundriss Kerak S. 181 - Zwei Ansichten Monreal/Shaubak S. 182 - Karte des zweiten tiefen Wadis im Ostjordanland S. 183 - Bild eines Wüstentals S. 183 Anhang: „Jordanquellen“ (mit Karte) S. 184 Anhang: „Petra“ (mit Karte und Bildern) S. 191 Anhang: „Pharao-Insel“ (mit Karten und Bildern) S. 194 Anhang: „Katharinenkloster und Mosesberg“ (mit Karte und Bildern) S. 200 Geographische Angaben S. 208 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis S. 214 Concilium medii aevi 14 (2011) 121–221 http://cma.gbv.de,cma,014,2011,a,10.pdf ULF KOPPITZ: Magistri Thietmari Peregrenatio Vorbemerkungen des Herausgebers Zur Person Thietmars Thietmar(us) – auch Thetmarus, Detmarus und Ditmarus – war ver- mutlich im Sächsischen beheimatet; er muss ein höher gestellter Kleriker gewesen sein. Die Identifizierung mit einem sonst belegten Träger seines Namens ist bisher nicht gelungen. Er könnte der 1220–1221 als Kanoniker am Hl.-Kreuz-Stift in Hildesheim überlieferte Themar sein. Zeitgleich war dort auch Willebrand von Oldenburg, der kurz vor Thiet- mar (1211) ebenfalls eine Pilgerfahrt ins Heilige Land unternommen hatte und darüber in seinem Itinerarium Terrae Sanctae1 berichtet.2 Sein Werk3 ist in insgesamt 19 Handschriften des 13.–15. -
Reports of the Committees of the Grand Commandery of Knights Templar of Virginia for the 198 Annual Grand Convocation
Reports of the Committees of the Grand Commandery of Knights Templar of Virginia for the 198th Annual Grand Convocation. Table of Contents Allocution of the Grand Commander 4 Report of the Past Grand Commanders Committee 100 Report of the Grand Treasurer 102 Trustee Report 104 Report of the Grand Recorder 106 Arrangements Committee Report 108 Report of the Awards Committee 109 Baldwin-Brown Annual Report 115 Bicentennial Committee Report 116 Charter Committee Report 121 Citizenship and Public affairs Committee Report 122 Constitution and Statutes Committee Report 123 Drill Team Committee Report 125 Easter Sunrise Committee Report 129 Educational Foundation Report 130 Finance Committee—Annual Audit and Review Report 131 Finance Committee Report 132 Holy Land Pilgrimage Committee Report 136 Jurisprudence Committee Report 137 Report of the Knight Templar Cross of Honor Committee 140 2 Table of Contents Knight Templar Eye Foundation Committee Report 141 Knight Templar Magazine and Masonic Herald Committee 142 Leadership and Education Committee Report 143 Long Range Planning Committee Report 144 Masonic Home Report 146 Membership Committee Report 147 Necrology, Religious and Public Observances 150 Uniform Committee Report 151 Committee on Work Report 152 Youth Committee Report 154 Digitization of Proceedings Report 155 3 GRAND COMMANDERY OF KNIGHTS TEMPLAR OF VIRGINIA K T GRAND COMMANDERY OF VIRGINIA M E M B E R S H I P T E M P E R A N C E --- P R U D E N C E 198th Stated Conclave May 1-2, 2020 GRAND COMMANDER’S ALLOCUTION Benjamin Franklin -
Trestleboardtrestl
NEW JERSEY LODGE OF MASONIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION NO. 1786 V OLUME 12 I SSUE 3 September 2014 TrestleboardTrestl NJ Lodge of Masonic Research and Education’s purpose is to foster the education of the Craft at large through prepared research and open discussion of the topics concerning Masonic history, symbolism, philosophy, and current events. Next Communication New Jersey Lodge of Masonic Research and Education meets on the second Saturday in March, June, September and December. Our next communication will be held on Saturday, October 11, 2014 at 9:30 a.m. at : Hightstown/Apollo Lodge #41 535 North Main Street Hightstown, NJ 08520 All Master Masons are Welcome! P AGE 2 V OLUME 12 I SSUE 3 From the East JR Avanti, Worshipful Master LION's HEART The Holy Land, 1189 to 1193 The Palestines were disintegrating in the autumn of 1187 and those Templars whose lands had been overtaken were congregating in Tyre. Brother Terric was among them. He had written to King Henry II stating he was Preceptor of the Temple in Jerusalem and, during the imprisonment of Gerard de Ridefort, took charge of the Order. While in Tyre he co-operated with Conrad de Montferrat, de facto King of Jerusalem, witnessing legal documents, arranging the city's defense, and writing appeals to the West. Conrad and Terric seemed to work well together, no criticism of one to other has survived. This situation Gerard de Ridefort Conrad and Terric found themselves in obvious demand co-operation, but the good relationship did not last. Early in 1188, Gerard de Ridefort returned to impose his will on the Templars once more. -
Sir Walter Scott's Templar Construct
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. SIR WALTER SCOTT’S TEMPLAR CONSTRUCT – A STUDY OF CONTEMPORARY INFLUENCES ON HISTORICAL PERCEPTIONS. A THESIS PRESENTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY AT MASSEY UNIVERSITY, EXTRAMURAL, NEW ZEALAND. JANE HELEN WOODGER 2017 1 ABSTRACT Sir Walter Scott was a writer of historical fiction, but how accurate are his portrayals? The novels Ivanhoe and Talisman both feature Templars as the antagonists. Scott’s works display he had a fundamental knowledge of the Order and their fall. However, the novels are fiction, and the accuracy of some of the author’s depictions are questionable. As a result, the novels are more representative of events and thinking of the early nineteenth century than any other period. The main theme in both novels is the importance of unity and illustrating the destructive nature of any division. The protagonists unify under the banner of King Richard and the Templars pursue a course of independence. Scott’s works also helped to formulate notions of Scottish identity, Freemasonry (and their alleged forbearers the Templars) and Victorian behaviours. However, Scott’s image is only one of a long history of Templars featuring in literature over the centuries. Like Scott, the previous renditions of the Templars are more illustrations of the contemporary than historical accounts. One matter for unease in the early 1800s was religion and Catholic Emancipation. -
Philip David Handyside Class of 2006 “Rise
Philip David Handyside Class of 2006 “Rise and Fall of the Knights Templar: From Power to Persecution” History (major) May 2006-10-24 With gratitude to E. Kurlander, K. Reiter, P. Steeves, and M. McNicholas Pledged: P. D. Handyside Approved: E. Kurlander, Faculty Advisor M. Venzke, Chair, History Senior Research Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for HY 499 Stetson University 6th December, 2005 Abstract Created around 1230 CE, the Poor Knights of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon were created in order to protect pilgrims on their journey through the new Christian kingdom in Palestine. Starting out as a small group, these warrior monks soon grew in power and prestige under the benefaction of St. Bernard and were charged with the protection of the Catholic Church by Pope Innocent II. Along with this favour bestowed upon them, the Templars quickly accumulated a great amount of wealth and territory across Europe. However, their power base was always in the Holy Land. The capture by Muslims of the city of Acre, the final Christian stronghold in Palestine, deprived them of this power base. Following this they were free to the predations of ambitious secular rulers, such as Philip IV of France. Philip, anxious to establish his authority and to acquire more revenue producing lands, was able to bring charges against the Templars accusing them of heresy which led to the eventual arrest and disbandment of the Knights Templar. The loss of their power base left the Templars vulnerable to condemnation by the society at large and, as such, they were unable to protect themselves, or be protected by others, when they came under threat. -
Southern Jordan Guide
FUNDACJA EUKLIDESA INSTYTUT ARCHEOLOGII UJ MINISTERSTWO NAUKI I SZKOLNICTWA WYŻSZEGO Southern Jordan Guide JORDAN CONTENTS Jordan - according to the official name - the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan - South Jordan 1 is a country located in the Middle East, in South-West Asia. Warsaw and Languages and dialects 3 Amman, or the capital of Jordan, are about 3,500 km apart. It is a country Jordanian cuisine with an area of about 89 thousand. km². 4 Nature and landscape The Jordanian Kingdom has its borders with Israel (238 km), Palestinian 5 Monuments Autonomy (97 km), Syria (375 km), Iraq (181 km) and Saudi Arabia (744 km). 25 The total length of the jordanian borders is 1635 km. Jordan also has a small Polish research 40 access to the sea, in the Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea), and the length of the coast Tourism is only 26 km. 55 About the guide 65 Jordan is a constitutional monarchy, and the current ruler is the king Abdullah II, son of King Hussein, descendant of the Hashemite dynasty. The Hashemites are an aristocratic Arabian tribe from the Quraysh tribe, descended from the grandfather of Prophet Muhammad, Hashim ibn Abd al-Manaf. Southern Jordan is the area located between Wadi Hasa and the Gulf of Aqaba, which can be also described as the historical land called Edom. It is an area divided along the meridional axis to: rocky-mountainous areas located on its western side and desert-highlands lying on its eastern side. In the west the boundary is also marked by the rift of the Jordan River, which is the northernmost part of the Abyssino Rig, which belongs to the Great African Ramps. -
VOLUME LXVI November 2020 NUMBER 11
VOLUME LXVI November 2020 NUMBER 11 VOLUME LXVI NOVEMBER 2020 NUMBER 11 Published monthly as an official publication of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar of the United States of America. Jeffrey N. Nelson Grand Master Jeffrey A. Bolstad Contents Grand Captain General and Publisher 325 Trestle Lane Grand Master’s Message Lewistown, MT 59457 Grand Master Jeffrey N. Nelson ..................... 4 Address changes or corrections La Forbie — The Beginning of the End and all membership activity for Frankish Outremer including deaths should be Sir Knight George L. Marshall, Jr., PGC ............. 7 reported to the recorder of the What’s the Point of a Sword? local Commandery. Please do Sir Knight John D. Barnes, PGC ...................... 12 not report them to the editor. Modern Day Chivalry Lawrence E. Tucker Sir Knight Thomas Hendrickson, PGM ........... 21 Grand Recorder Time To Move On Grand Encampment Office 5909 West Loop South, Suite 495 Reverend and Sir Knight J.B. Morris .............. 27 Bellaire, TX 77401-2402 Knights Templar Holy Land Pilgrimage Phone: (713) 349-8700 Fax: (713) 349-8710 for Sir Knights, their Ladies, and Friends ....... 30 E-mail: [email protected] Magazine materials and correspon- dence to the editor should be sent in elec- tronic form to the managing editor whose Features contact information is shown below. Materials and correspondence concern- Prelate’s Chapel ..................................................... 6 ing the Grand Commandery state supple- ments should be sent to the respective supplement editor. Focus on Chivalry .................................................. 14 John L. Palmer Leadership Notes - Delegating Effectively .............. 15 Managing Editor Post Office Box 566 The Knights Templar Eye Foundation ........5,16,17,20 Nolensville, TN 37135-0566 Phone: (615) 283-8477 Grand Commandery Supplement .........................