DOCSLIB.ORG

PLEASE TYPE the UNIVERSITY of NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Dissertation Sheet

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
PLEASE TYPE the UNIVERSITY of NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Dissertation Sheet LIVING IN PUBLIC SPACE: A HUMAN RIGHTS WASTELAND? Cassandra Goldie A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Law University of New South Wales March 2008 PLEASE TYPE THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname or Family name: Goldie First name: Cassandra Other name/s: Mary-Ellen Abbreviation for degree as given in the University calendar: PhD School: Law Faculty: Law Title: Living in Public Space: A Human Rights Wasteland? Abstract 350 words maximum: (PLEASE TYPE) This thesis investigates the extent to which human rights law may be used to challenge the forced eviction of people who live in public space under public space laws. The specific case study is the operation of Darwin City Council By- law 103, which bans camping, or adults sleeping in a public place between sunset and sunrise. The by-law is used to criminalise or forcibly evict people who live in public space in Darwin in the Northern Territory. Darwin has the highest proportionate number of homeless people of any capital city in Australia. Indigenous people are significantly over-represented. The thesis charts recent legislative changes across Australia to demonstrate that public space laws, such as Darwin City Council By-law 103, continue to be popular public policy responses to law and order concerns. This legal regulation is being undertaken without ensuring compliance with international human rights standards. There has been a marked increase in Australia of the use of available domestic and international human rights tools to raise concerns about the enforcement of these laws against people living in public space. Through a review of secondary sources, the thesis establishes that some 15 human rights have been identified as potentially engaged by such enforcement but Australian jurisprudence has yet to emerge. The thesis selects the human right to privacy, family and home for detailed analysis. It interrogates available evidence from Darwin, international and comparative jurisprudence and secondary sources to determine whether the forced eviction of people living in public space under Darwin City Council By-law 103 may be found to violate the right to respect for privacy, family and home in a particular case. The study aims to make a specific contribution to growing endeavours to promote the human rights of people who are homeless, including people who live in public space. Its detailed analysis is designed to support a human rights litigation strategy at both domestic and international level, in order to challenge the extent to which people living in public space are subjected to criminalisation and forced eviction when they have nowhere else to live. Declaration relating to disposition of project thesis/dissertation I hereby grant to the University of New South Wales or its agents the right to archive and to make available my thesis or dissertation in whole or in part in the University libraries in all forms of media, now or here after known, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. I retain all property rights, such as patent rights. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis or dissertation. I also authorise University Microfilms to use the 350 word abstract of my thesis in Dissertation Abstracts International (this is applicable to doctoral theses only). …………………………………………………………… ……………………………………..……………… ……….……………………...…….… Signature Witness Date The University recognises that there may be exceptional circumstances requiring restrictions on copying or conditions on use. Requests for restriction for a period of up to 2 years must be made in writing. Requests for a longer period of restriction may be considered in exceptional circumstances and require the approval of the Dean of Graduate Research. FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Date of completion of requirements for Award: THIS SHEET IS TO BE GLUED TO THE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THE THESIS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Originality Statement iv Copyright Statement v Authenticity Statement v Acknowledgements vi Abstract viii 1 Criminalisation and Forced Eviction of People Living in Public 1 Space: A Human Rights Concern 2 Legal Regulation of Public Space: The Legal and Human Rights 13 Context A Introduction 13 B Legal Regulation of Public Space: A Growing Urban Phenomenon? 15 C International Human Rights Norms Applicable to Australia 41 D Domestic Legal Remedies to Challenge Human Rights Violations 45 E International Mechanisms to Challenge Human Rights Violations 53 F Conclusion 70 3 The Use of Human Rights Laws to Challenge the Criminalisation 73 and Forced Eviction of People Living in Public Space A Introduction 73 B Legal and Human Rights Advocacy in Support of People who are 76 Homeless C Domestic Research and Advocacy Using Human Rights to 112 Challenge the Criminalisation and Forced Eviction of People Living i in Public Space D Domestic Human Rights Litigation Challenging the Criminalisation 126 and Forced Eviction of People Living in Public Space E International Advocacy Challenging the Criminalisation and Forced 130 Eviction of People Living in Public Space F Impact of Efforts to Challenge the Criminalisation and Forced 147 Eviction of People Living in Public Space G Conclusion 151 4 The Nature and Extent of Living in Public Space in Darwin, 157 Northern Territory A Introduction 157 B How Many People Live in the ‘Long Grass’ in Darwin? 158 C Who are the People Living in the ‘Long Grass’ in Darwin? 187 D Why do People live in the Long Grass when they are living in 200 Darwin? E Conclusion 226 5 Legal Regulation of Essential Human Behaviour in Public Space: 233 The Case Study of Darwin City Council Bylaw 103 A Introduction 233 B Darwin City Council Regulation of Camping and Sleeping in Public 234 Places C Legal Challenges and Protests Regarding the Use of ‘Move on’ 269 Powers such as DCC By-law 103 against Indigenous people living in Public Places D Conclusion 276 6 The Human Right to Respect for Privacy, Family and Home: Is 279 the Right Engaged? A Introduction 279 B Does a Forced Eviction Affect the ‘Home’ of People Living in the 295 Long Grass? ii C Does a Forced Eviction Affect the ‘Privacy’ and ‘Family’ of People 338 Living in the Long Grass? D Conclusion 347 7 Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family and 351 Home: Is there a Violation? A Introduction 351 B When will State Conduct constitute an ‘Interference’? 354 C Is an Interference ‘in Accordance with the Provisions, Aims and 362 Objectives of the Covenant’? D When will an Interference be Considered Unlawful? 364 E When will an Interference be considered ‘arbitrary’? 377 F Positive Obligations under Art 17 464 G Conclusion 472 8 Conclusion 483 Bibliography 497 Johnny Balaiya’s True Story 551 iii ORIGINALITY STATEMENT ‘I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person, or substantial proportions of material which have been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at UNSW or any other education institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis Any contribution made to the research by others, with whom I have worked at UNSW or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the thesis. I also declare that the intellectual context of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the project’s design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged.’ Signed: …………………………………….. Date: ………………………………………. iv COPYRIGHT STATEMENT I hereby grant the University of New South Wales or its agents the right to archive and to make available my thesis or dissertation in whole or part in the University libraries in all forms of media, now or here after known, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. I retain all proprietary rights, such as patent rights. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis or dissertation. I also authorise University Microfilms to use the 350 word abstract of my thesis in Dissertation Abstract International (this is applicable to doctoral theses only). I have either used no substantial portions of copyright material in my thesis or I have obtained permission to use copyright material; where permission has not been granted I have applied/will apply for a partial restriction of the digital copy of my thesis or dissertation. Signed ……………………………………………........................... Date ……………………………………………........................... AUTHENTICITY STATEMENT I certify that the Library deposit digital copy is a direct equivalent of the final officially approved version of my thesis. No emendation of content has occurred and if there are any minor variations in formatting, they are the result of the conversion to digital format. Signed ……………………………………………........................... Date ……………………………………………........................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is clear to me now that there are two things one really needs in order to get a thesis done. One is inspiration. The other is perseverance. My inspiration came from my days living in Darwin where I had the privilege to meet Johnny Balaiya, Stella Simmering, June Mills, and Bill Day. I spent many hours listening, and learning. Johnny Balaiya was an inspiration from the beginning, and he remained so throughout the course of this thesis, to the end. June Mills is quite remarkable and I was very honoured to meet her. Stella Simmering is a truly wonderful woman and activist, and Bill Day is one of the gutsiest, most decent people I know. Through Stella and Bill, I met the talented and determined Dulcie Malimara. My deep thanks to each one of you. I clearly landed on my feet with the outstanding supervision of George Williams and Garth Nettheim.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Traditional Language Used in Production
    Traditional Language Used in Production 75 Traditional Language Used in Production There were several dialects spoken within the Border Rivers and Gwydir catchments. They included the Gamilaraay, Yuwalaraay and Yuwalayaay dialects as spoken by members of the Kamilaroi (Gomeroi) nation. The Nganyaywana language was spoken by members of the Anaiwan (or Eneewin) nation, whose land extends south from the border with the Banbai nation (near Guyra) towards Uralla and westward towards Tingha. Other notable languages within the area included Yukumbal (Jukumbal), from the Bundarra/Tingha/Inverell area, and Ngarabal, which was spoken around the Glen Innes area. This book uses and provides information on a few of the dialects spoken within the catchment. It is not intended for this book to be a language reference book, but the use of language names is included to help keep our language alive and for educational purposes. In some cases Aboriginal words have not been included as it has not been possible to collect detailed information on the relevant dialects. This book uses words and references primarily relating to the Gamilaraay, Yuwalaraay, Yuwalayaay, Banbai and Nganyaywana dialects (White 2010 pers. comm.). English Word Traditional Language / Dialect / Explanation Aboriginal nation anaiwan (Uralla/Bundarra / Armidale) district axe (handle) birra (Yuwaalayaay) axe (stone) birran.gaa (Yuwaalaraay) gambu (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) tila (Nganyaywana-Anaiwan) yuundu (Gamilaraay) (Yuwaalaraay) (Yuwaalayaay) Aboriginal nation of the Guyra region banbai
    [Show full text]
  • MSHR 2003 Layout
    Menzies School of Health Research Postal address: Location: Phone: (+61) 08-8922 8196 PO Box 41096 John Mathews Building (58) Fax: (+61) 08-8927 5187 Casuarina NT 0811 Nightingale Road Website: www.menzies.edu.au Australia Royal Darwin Hospital Campus Tiwi NT 0810 Australia Our mission To improve the health of people of northern and central Australia and regions to the near north through multidisciplinary research and education by: Promoting a broad understanding of health that reflects underlying socioeconomic, environmental, health system and biological factors as determinants of health and disease. Conducting high-quality multidisciplinary research, research training and public health education with a focus on Indigenous, remote and tropical health. Advancing the local, national and international application of research findings to improve health. Advocating for research that will contribute to better health for people of the region. Building strong partnerships with community groups, service providers, policy-makers, and other academic organisations. Our logo The Menzies School of Health Research logo reflects the School’s broad research agenda. The warm and fluid circle shapes symbolize both the sun — representing the School’s physical location — and a human cell, the building block of life and the basis of MSHR’s work. The rhythmic edge of dots suggests the School’s many Indigenous clients and collaborations. The precise lines underscoring the ‘m’of Menzies illustrates MSHR’s rigorous scientific standards. Menzies School of Health Research 2003 Annual Report 2003 has been a year of success, opportunity, challenge and change. We have continued to strengthen and grow at an exciting rate and have been increasingly recognised as a leader in PHOTO COURTESY GALIWIN’KU PHOTO MSHR LIFESTYLE PROJECT, HEALTHY Indigenous, remote and tropical health issues and education — both nationally Contents and internationally.
    [Show full text]
  • Intimacies of Violence in the Settler Colony Economies of Dispossession Around the Pacific Rim
    Cambridge Imperial & Post-Colonial Studies INTIMACIES OF VIOLENCE IN THE SETTLER COLONY ECONOMIES OF DISPOSSESSION AROUND THE PACIFIC RIM EDITED BY PENELOPE EDMONDS & AMANDA NETTELBECK Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series Series Editors Richard Drayton Department of History King’s College London London, UK Saul Dubow Magdalene College University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK The Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies series is a collection of studies on empires in world history and on the societies and cultures which emerged from colonialism. It includes both transnational, comparative and connective studies, and studies which address where particular regions or nations participate in global phenomena. While in the past the series focused on the British Empire and Commonwealth, in its current incarna- tion there is no imperial system, period of human history or part of the world which lies outside of its compass. While we particularly welcome the first monographs of young researchers, we also seek major studies by more senior scholars, and welcome collections of essays with a strong thematic focus. The series includes work on politics, economics, culture, literature, science, art, medicine, and war. Our aim is to collect the most exciting new scholarship on world history with an imperial theme. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/13937 Penelope Edmonds Amanda Nettelbeck Editors Intimacies of Violence in the Settler Colony Economies of Dispossession around the Pacific Rim Editors Penelope Edmonds Amanda Nettelbeck School of Humanities School of Humanities University of Tasmania University of Adelaide Hobart, TAS, Australia Adelaide, SA, Australia Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series ISBN 978-3-319-76230-2 ISBN 978-3-319-76231-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76231-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018941557 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 This work is subject to copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Wiradjuri Culture
    Traditional Wiradjuri Culture By Paul greenwood I would like to acknowledge the Wiradjuir Elders, past and present, and thank those who have assisted with the writing of this book. A basic resource for schools made possible by the assistance of many people. Though the book is intended to provide information on Wiradjuri culture much of the information is generic to Aboriginal culture. Some sections may contain information or pictures from outside the Wiradjuri Nation. Traditional Wiradjuri Culture Wiradjuri Country There were many thousands of people who spoke the Wiradjuri language, making it the largest nation in NSW. The Wiradjuri people occupied a large part of central NSW. The southern border was the Murray River from Albury upstream towards Tumbarumba area. From here the border went north along the edges of the mountains, past Tumut and Gundagai to Lithgow. The territory continued up to Dubbo, then west across the plains to the Willandra creek near Mossgiel. The Booligal swamps are near the western border and down to Hay. From Hay the territory extended across the Riverina plains passing the Jerilderie area to Albury. Wiradjuri lands were known as the land of three rivers; Murrumbidgee (Known by its traditional Wiradjuri name) Gulari (Lachlan) Womboy (Macquarie) Note: The Murrumbidgee is the only river to still be known as its Aboriginal name The exact border is not known and some of the territories overlapped with neighbouring groups. Places like Lake Urana were probably a shared resource as was the Murray River. The territory covers hills in the east, river floodplains, grasslands and mallee country in the west.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wurundjeri Birthing Place & Initiation Site
    Yarra Valley Aboriginal BARNGEONG BARNGEONG Sites of Significance The Traditional Wurundjeri ● Aboriginal sculptures at William Ricketts Birthing Place and Female -BRUSHY CREEK Sanctuary, Mt. Dandenong, Melways ref. 52 H10. ● Coranderrk Aboriginal Cemetery Barak Lane, Initiation Site at Brushy Creek badger Creek, 300 Kulin graves, Melways 277 K9 In WONGA PARK This pamphlet was produced by Reconciliation ● Battle of Yering Memorial Rock. Site of battle Manningham in close cooperation with the between Border Police & Wurundjeri 13/ 1/ 1840. Wurundjeri Tribe Council and the Manningham ● William Barak Memorial at Brushy Creek. City Council with the aim of increasing public Stone monument plaque and tree, Melways 37 C7. appreciation and knowledge of sacred and ● Barngeong Birthing Site is a gorge at the significant sites along the Birrarung (Yarra River) confluence of Brushy Creek and Yarra which is a in Manningham. The Barngeong Gorge Birthing Wurundjeri birthing and female initiation site where Place, where the famed 19th Century civil rights William Barak was born, Melways ref. 24 k6. figure William Barak was born, is one such place. ● Gawa Wurundjeri Resource Trail 340 metre On 25th October 2013, a special ceremony was held, bushland walking trail at Watson’s Creek with 9 led by Wurundjeri Women Elders, to formally re- resource markers along the way. Melways 272 D5. dedicate the site. This began with a private ● Pound Bend South Memorial Rock dedicated to ceremony at the gorge by the Wurundjeri women Reserve & 1852 corroboree site, Melways 23 C12. and was then followed by a public celebration. This ● Wurundjeri Stories Walk. Starting at Pound included a smoking ceremony and traditional Led by Elders Aunty Alice Kolasa (left), Aunty Doreen Bend tunnel, follow interpretive signage.
    [Show full text]
  • Aboriginal Art - Resistance and Dialogue
    University of New South Wales College of Fine Arts School of Art Theory ABORIGINAL ART - RESISTANCE AND DIALOGUE The Political Nature and Agency of Aboriginal Art A thesis submitted by Lee-Anne Hall in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art Theory CFATH709.94/HAL/l Ill' THE lJNIVERSllY OF NEW SOUTH WALES COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS Thesis/Project Report Sheet Surnune or Funily .nune· .. HALL .......................................................................................................................................................-....... -............ · · .... U · · MA (TH' rn ....................................... AbbFinlname: . ·......... ' ....d ........... LEE:::ANNE ......................lend.............. ................. Oher name/1: ..... .DEBaaAH. ....................................- ........................ -....................... .. ,CVlalJOn, or C&ltltal &1YCOIn '"" NVCfllt)'ca It:.... ..................... ( ............................................ School:. .. ART-����I��· ...THEORY ....... ...............................··N:t�;;�?A�c·���JlacjTn·ar··................................... Faculty: ... COLLEGE ... OF. ...·Xr"t F.J:blll:...................... .AR'J: ..................... .........................-........................ n,1e:........ .................... •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• .. •••••• .. •••••••••••••••••••••••••• .. •• • .. ••••• .. ••••••••••• ..••••••• .................... H ................................................................ -000000000000••o00000000
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the Legislative Assembly By-Election for the Division of Stuart 23 September 2006
    REPORT ON THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY BY-ELECTION FOR THE DIVISION OF STUART 23 SEPTEMBER 2006 NORTHERN TERRITORY ELECTORAL COMMISSION TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS (i) LETTER OF TRANSMISSION (ii) FOREWORD BY THE ELECTORAL COMMISSIONER 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 ELECTION SNAPSHOT................................................................................. 1 2. BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................ 2 2.1. ELECTION TIMETABLE ................................................................................ 2 2.2. POINTS OF INTEREST ................................................................................. 3 2.3. POLITICAL ADVERTISING AND CAMPAIGNING ................................................ 4 2.4. ISSUES RAISED IN THE MEDIA ..................................................................... 5 3. SERVICES TO ELECTORS ......................................................................................... 6 3.1. ENROLMENT SERVICES .............................................................................. 6 3.2. VOTING SERVICES ..................................................................................... 8 3.3 ORDINARY VOTING .................................................................................... 9 3.4 DECLARATION VOTING – NAMES NOT FOUND ON ROLL................................. 9 3.5 POSTAL AND PRE-POLL VOTING ................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Potential Benefits to the Australian Defence Force Educational Curricula of the Inclusion of Indigenous Knowledge Systems
    The Potential Benefits to the Australian Defence Force Educational Curricula of the Inclusion of Indigenous Knowledge Systems Debbie Fiona Hohaia, Master Professional Studies (Aboriginal Studies) Bachelor Education, Diploma Teaching, Diploma Management, Diploma Human Resources, Diploma of Government This thesis is submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Indigenous Knowledges and Public Policy, Charles Darwin University 18 January 2016 Declaration I hereby declare that the work herein, now submitted as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the Charles Darwin University, is the result of my own investigations and does not reflect the views and opinions of the Australian Defence Force, the New Zealand Defence Force or any extant policy. All reference to ideas and the work of other researchers have been specifically acknowledged. I hereby certify that the work embodied in this thesis has not already been accepted in substance for any degree, and is not being submitted in candidature for any other degree. I acknowledge that the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research (developed by the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australian Research Council and the Australian Vice Chancellors Committee, March 2007) has been adhered to. The work in this thesis was undertaken between the dates of December 2012 to December 2014 and in no way reflects the advancements that have been made by various elements of the Australian Defence Force and the cultural diversity initiatives, which have been embedded within the last 18 months. Full name: Debbie Fiona Hohaia Signed: Date: 18 January 2016 Page I Acknowledgements There are many people who have contributed and participated in this research.
    [Show full text]
  • The Story of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Darebin
    THE STORY OF ABORIGINAL AND TORRES STRAIT ISLANDER DAREBIN Acknowledgements Darebin City Council acknowledges the Wurundjeri people as the Traditional Owners and custodians of the land we now call Darebin and pays respect to their Elders past, present and future. We also acknowledge the diverse Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community, from across Australia, who have come to live, work and study within our municipality. Darebin City Council recognises that this is by no means a comprehensive re- telling of the Aboriginal history of the local area, nor is it the only way that even this small part of the story could be told. Council also recognises that contemporary Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander history within our municipality, and further afield, is constantly evolving. Much of the contemporary history remains with the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to whom it belongs. This resource complements the Darebin Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Recognition and Discovery Map available at the following link: http://www.darebin.vic.gov.au/en/Darebin-Living/Community- support/Aboriginal-and-Torres-Strait-Islander-Darebin Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people should be aware that this material contains names of deceased persons. i August 2018 A4702042 In order to do justice to the story of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Darebin, people need to look further afield to Aboriginal Victoria and even to Aboriginal Australia, as all are inextricably linked. Just as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples moved through their traditional lands freely, without boundary fences and walls, so too the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander history of Darebin reaches far beyond our current municipal borders.
    [Show full text]
  • Vocational Education & Training
    VOCATIONAL EDUCATION & TRAINING The Northern Territory’s history of public philanthropy VOCATIONAL EDUCATION & TRAINING The Northern Territory’s history of public philanthropy DON ZOELLNER Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Creator: Zoellner, Don, author. Title: Vocational education and training : the Northern Territory’s history of public philanthropy / Don Zoellner. ISBN: 9781760460990 (paperback) 9781760461003 (ebook) Subjects: Vocational education--Government policy--Northern Territory. Vocational education--Northern Territory--History. Occupational training--Government policy--Northern Territory. Occupational training--Northern Territory--History. Aboriginal Australians--Vocational education--Northern Territory. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Cover photograph: ‘Northern Territory Parliament House main entrance’ by Patrick Nelson. This edition © 2017 ANU Press Contents List of figures . vii Foreword . xi Acknowledgements . xiii 1 . Setting the scene . 1 2 . Philanthropic behaviour . 11 3 . Prior to 1911: European discovery and South Australian administration of the Northern Territory . 35 4 . Early Commonwealth control, 1911–46 . 45 5 . The post–World War Two period to 1978 . 57 6. TAFE in the era of self‑government, 1978–92 . 99 7. Vocational education and training in the era of self‑government, 1992–2014 . 161 8. Late 2015 and September 2016 postscript . 229 References . 243 List of figures Figure 1.
    [Show full text]
  • 2008 NORTHERN TERRITORY ELECTION 9 August 2008
    2008 NORTHERN TERRITORY ELECTION 9 August 2008 CONTENTS Page Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 Legislative Assembly Results Summary of Legislative Assembly Election ............................................................... 3 Legislative Assembly Results by Electoral Division.................................................... 6 By-elections 2005-2008 ........................................................................................... 10 Summary of Two-Party Preferred Results ............................................................... 11 Regional Summaries ............................................................................................... 14 Members Elected .................................................................................................... 16 Symbols .. Nil or rounded to zero * Sitting MPs .… „Ghost‟ candidate, where a party contesting the previous election did not nominate for the current election Party Abbreviations (blank) Non-affiliated candidates CLP Country Liberal Party GRN Green IND Independent LAB Territory Labor OTH Others Relevant dates Issue of Writ Tuesday 22 July 2008 Close of Electoral Roll 8pm Thursday 24 July 2008 Close of Nominations 12 noon Monday 28 July 2008 Commencement of Mobile and Postal voting Thursday 31 July 2008 Polling Day Saturday 9 August 2008 Close of Receipt for Postal Votes 6pm Friday 15 August 2008 Declaration of Polls 10am Monday 18 August 2008 Return
    [Show full text]
  • ABORIGINAL CATHOLIC LITURGY 16Th May 2009 CUSTODIANS GATHERING AVILA COLLEGE MT WAVERLY
    1 THE MESSAGE STICK IMPORTANCE IN CONTEMPORARY ABORIGINAL CATHOLIC LITURGY 16th May 2009 CUSTODIANS GATHERING AVILA COLLEGE MT WAVERLY © Melissa Brickell & ACMM ACMM Member, VACC Councillor NATSICC Treasurer and Victorian Representative NATSIEC Commissioner For all Custodians, I believe the information in this presentation is critical to your understanding of the custodianship of the Message Stick; and the responsibility, for its caretaking and usage in Liturgy, before those to which you present it; i.e. to your parishioners. In Aboriginal culture bullroarers, fire, and message sticks were used as a means of communication between distances and between Aboriginal communities. Message sticks were made of solid round wood and came in various sizes, averaging 30cms, with various ochre colours, and markings using lines and dots. Some were painted others burned with symbols that conveyed messages; that communicated many different things: a festival, a gathering, a sacred ceremony, someone passing through that required permission, or the protocol of respect in advising travelling through, or establishing information, and conveying some message or story, or a call to gather for corroboree. Usually they were wrapped in cloth and bound with string for protection when travelling. No matter what they were used for then, they remain traditional Aboriginal cultural and intellectual property. Copyright if you like. In contemporary times, $ERULJLQDOSHRSOH¶VXVHRIWKHPHVVDJHVtick is not different: they are still used for various forms of communication such
    [Show full text]