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Rb-Sr Glauconite Isochron of the Eocene Castle Hayne Limestone, North Carolina: Discussion and Reply

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Rb-Sr Glauconite Isochron of the Eocene Castle Hayne Limestone, North Carolina: Discussion and Reply Rb-Sr glauconite isochron of the Eocene Castle Hayne Limestone, North Carolina: Discussion and reply Discussion GARRY D. JONES* Geology Department, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711 Harris and Zullo's (1980) recent paper is an important step in Planorotalites renzi (Bolli, 1957). The overlapping ranges of these the collection of evidence needed for correct positioning of the species provide the evidence for placing the entire Castle Hayne Castle Hayne Limestone within the Cenozoic time scale. The section above the phosphate pebble biomicrudite (=New Hanover authors mention in the abstract that the "planktic foraminiferal Member of Ward and others, 1978) at both lectostratotype locali- fauna . suggest(s) that the entire formation should be correlated ties within the upper Globigerinatheka subconglobata Zone, P 11, with the Gulf Coast Claibornian Stage (middle Eocene)." Nowhere and the Morozovella lehneri Zone, P 12 (Stainforth and others, in the text do Harris and Zullo cite either the planktic foraminiferal 1975; Hardenbol and Berggren, 1978). In addition, a split of the evidence or a reference to such evidence. This discussion is an effort sample used in Harris and Zullo's Rb-Sr analysis was kindly pro- to list and discuss the planktic foraminiferal evidence based on data vided by the authors (Fig. 1). It yielded the same upper P 11 and P from a Ph.D. dissertation (Jones, 1981) on the lower Claibornian 12 zone determination. Furthermore, outcrop and core samples of rocks of the North Carolina Coastal Plain. In addition, the the bryozoan-sponge biomicrudite and bryozoan biosparrudite calcareous nannoplankton ages cited by Worsley and Turco (1979) facies collected from nine counties in North Carolina have all for the Castle Hayne Limestone as defined by Baum and others yielded middle Eocene ages that include the upper P 11 and P 12 (1978) are discussed. zones (Fig. 2). A few samples with low numbers of planktic forami- Samples of the bryozoan biosparrudite and bryozoan-sponge niferal species yielded age determinations consisting of all or most biomicrudite facies of the Castle Hayne Limestone (= Comfort of the zones in the middle Eocene (P 10 through P 14). Most sam- Member of Ward and others, 1978) were collected from the lecto- ples, however, have diverse planktic assemblages and yielded upper stratotype of Baum and others (1978) at the Martin Marietta P 11 and P 12 zonal determinations, thus correlative with the lower Quarry, Castle Hayne, North Carolina (Figs. 1, 2). In addition, part of the Claibornian Stage of the Gulf Coast which is equivalent samples of the same two facies were collected from the lectostrato- to zones P 11, 12, 13, 14 (Huddleston and others, 1974). type of the Castle Hayne Limestone of Ward and others (1978) at As discussed by Harris and Zullo, Worsley and Turco (1979) the Ideal Cement Company Quarry (Figs. 1, 2). All samples from analyzed lower Tertiary calcareous nannofossils from various loca- both lectostratotypes yielded diverse populations of planktic fora- tions in the North Carolina Coastal Plain. Rare Zygolithus dubius minifera. Collectively, the species identified include: Truncorota- and Chiasmolithus grandis from the lower half of the lectostrato- loides topilensis (Cushman, 1925); T. rohri Bronnimann and type of the Castle Hayne Limestone of Baum and others (1978) Bermudez, 1953; Globigerinatheka mexicana mexicana (Cush- suggested correlation with zone NP 20. A nannoflora similar to that man, 1925); G. mexicana kugleri (Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan, from the lectostratotype was identified from Natural Well, Duplin 1957); G. mexicana barri (Bronnimann, 1952); Morozovella spinu- County, and suggested correlation with the upper NP 19 and lower losa (Cushman, 1927); M. lehneri (Cushman and Jarvis, 1929); NP 20 zones. In the Evans no. 1 well, Onslow County, Worsley and Turborotalia cerroazulensis frontosa (Subbotina, 1953); T. cer- Turco (1979) reported the consecutive, local extinctions of C. gran- roazulensis pomeroli (Toumarkine and Bolli, 1970); Subbotina dis, Discoaster saipanensis, Cyclococcolithina formosa, and Reticu- linaperta (Finlay, 1939); S. eocaena (Gumbel, 1868) s.l.; Pseudo- lofenestra umbilica as suggestive of a continuous sequence of zones hastigerina micra (Cole, 1927); P. sharkriverensis Berggren and NP 19-23, although the presence of Sphenolithus pseudoradians Olsson, 1967; Acarinina pentacamerata (Subbotina, 1947); and suggested the base of the section may be as young as zone NP 20. An outlier of Castle Hayne Limestone in Sampson County yielded •Present address: Union Oil Company of California, P.O. Box 76, Brea, S. pseudoradians and a form intermediate between Z. dubius and California 92621. Isthmolithus recurvus, which suggested correlation with zone NP The article discussed appeared in the Bulletin, Part /, v. 91, p. 587-592. 18. The local extinctions of these marker species could be due to Geological Society of America Bulletn, v. 93, p. 179-183, 2 figs., February 1982. 179 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/93/2/182/3434520/i0016-7606-93-2-182.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 180 G. D. JONES LECTOSTRATOTYPE OF BAUM ETAL (1978) LECTOSTRATOTYPE OF WARD ETAL (1978) H3235 I » I > ~ 1 10 & I a. I i METERS 3 PBB MARTIN MARIETTA QUARRY. CASTLE HAYNE IDEAL CEMENT COMPANY QUARRY EXPLANATION SAND foil SPONGES-BRYOZOANS PBB PHOSPHATE PBL. BIOMICRUDITE FACIES LIMESTONE BIVALVES BB BRYOZOAN BIOSPARRUDITE FACIES MUD vj PHOSPHATE PEBBLES DOLOMITE CROSS BEDDED LIMESTONE NHM NEW HANOVER MEMBER — SAMPLE LOCATION SECTION MODIFIED FROM HARRIS AND ZULLO (1980) SECTION MODIFIED FROM UPCHURCH (1979) Figure 1. Simplified composite sections of the lectostratotypes of the Castle Hayne Limestone as proposed by Baum and others (1978) and Ward and others (1978). Arrows indicate sample locations of this study. changing environments or dissolution rather than a result of evolu- gladius, and S. furcatolithoides, suggestive of zone NP 15, middle tionary events. Furthermore, all of the calcareous nannofossil spe- Eocene (T. R. Worsley, 1981, personal commun.). This facies may cies listed above have world-wide stratigraphic ranges that extend not be contiguous with the lectostratotypes in New Hanover down into the middle Eocene (Martini, 1971; Haq, 1978; T. R. County. Worsley, 1981, personal commun.). Although some of the calcare- As stated above, an upper P 11 and P 12 zonal determination ous nannofossil evidence suggests, to Worsely and Turco, an upper has been obtained for widely spaced samples of the Castle Hayne Eocene age for some localities of the Castle Hayne Limestone, their Limestone from both outcrop and subsurface sections, throughout data do not include species whose world-wide stratigraphic ranges the North Carolina Coastal Plain. The zonal determination is based begin above the middle Eocene. partly on species whose world-wide stratigraphic ranges are re- A sample of bryozoan-sponge biomicrudite facies (PC-3, Fig. stricted to the middle Eocene. Planktic foraminifera with strati- 2) collected by me but not studied by Worsley and Turco (1979) graphic ranges beginning above the middle Eocene have not been yielded a diverse nannoflora, including S. radians, Rhabdosphaera identified from the Castle Hayne Limestone (Jones, 1981). Thus, Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/93/2/182/3434520/i0016-7606-93-2-182.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 DISCUSSION AND REPLY 181 Figure 2. Areal distribution of outcrops and near-surface outcrops of the Castle Hayne Limestone and sample locations of this study. the planktic foraminifera prove the middle Eocene age of the Castle Brown, P. M., Miller, J. A., and Swain, F. M., 1972, Structural and strati- Hayne Limestone, and the calcareous nannofossil data can be graphic framework, and spatial distribution of permeability of the interpreted as being consistent with such an age. Atlantic Coastal Plain, North Carolina to New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 796, 79 p. Harris and Zullo's (1980) Rb-Sr age for the Castle Hayne Hardenbol, J., and Berggren, W. A., 1978, A new Paleogene numerical Limestone, therefore, appears to be too young and does not support time scale, in Cohee, G. V., and others, eds., The geologic time scale: their conclusion that the glauconite isochron method can provide American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Studies in Geology 6, accurate ages for conversion of the standard geologic column. p. 213-234. Harris, W. B., and Zullo, V. A., 1980, Rb-Sr glauconite isochron of the Rather, their data support Thompson and Hower (1973) who pre- Eocene Castle Hayne Limestone, North Carolina: Geological Society sented evidence indicating that Rb-Sr glauconite ages may be young of American Bulletin, v. 91, p. 587-592. because of preferential loss of radiogenic Sr relative to Rb87. Haq, B. U., 1978, Calcareous nannoplankton in Haq, B. U., and Boersma, A., eds., Introduction to marine micropaleontology: New York, REFERENCES CITED Elsevier, p. 79-108. Huddleston, P. F., Marsalis, W. E., and Pickering, S. M., 1974, Tertiary Baum, G. R., Harris, W. B., and Zullo, V. A., 1978, Stratigraphic revision of stratigraphy of the central Georgia Coastal Plain: Georgia Geological the exposed middle Eocene to lower Miocene formations of North Survey Guidebook 12, Field Trip 2, 35 p. Carolina: Southeastern Geology, v. 20, p. 1-J9. Jones, G. D., 1981, Foraminiferal paleontology and geology of lower Clai- Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/93/2/182/3434520/i0016-7606-93-2-182.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 182 HARRIS AND ZULLO bornian rocks of the inner Coastal Plain of North Carolina: [Ph.D. Limestone, in Baum, G. R., Harris, W. B., and Zullo, V. A., eds., dissert.]: Newark, Delaware, University of Delaware. Structural and stratigraphie framework for the Coastal Plain of North Martini, E., 1971, Standard Tertiary and Quaternary calcareous nanno- Carolina: Carolina Geological Society Field Trip Guidebook, p. 59-64. plankton zonation: Planktonic Conference, Roma, Proceedings II, Ward, L. W., Lawrence, D. R„ and Blackwelder, B. W., 1978, Stratigraphie p.
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