DOCSLIB.ORG

High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy of Paleogene, Nontropical Mixed Carbonate/Siliciclastic Shelf Sediments, North Carolina Coastal Plain, U

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy of Paleogene, Nontropical Mixed Carbonate/Siliciclastic Shelf Sediments, North Carolina Coastal Plain, U High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy of Paleogene, Nontropical Mixed Carbonate/Siliciclastic Shelf Sediments, North Carolina Coastal Plain, U. S. A. by Brian Perry Coffey Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geological Sciences J. Fred Read (Chair) K. A. Eriksson R. K. Bambach T. J. Burbey D. A. Textoris M. G. Imhof January 14, 2000 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: Paleogene, sequence stratigraphy, nontropical, mixed carbonate-siliciclastic, North Carolina High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphy of Paleogene, Nontropical Mixed Carbonate/Siliciclastic Shelf Sediments, North Carolina Coastal Plain, U. S. A. by Brian Perry Coffey J. F. Read, Chairman Department of Geological Sciences, Virginia Tech (ABSTRACT) The sequence stratigraphic development of the subsurface Paleogene, Albemarle Basin, North Carolina, was defined using well cuttings and wireline logs tied into largely published biostratigraphic and available seismic data. Facies include: silty and shelly sands and shell beds (estuarine/lagoon/protected inner shelf facies); clean quartz sands and sandy mollusk-fragment grainstones (shoreface/shallow shelf); phosphatic hardgrounds (current and wave-swept shoreface and shallow shelf); bryozoan and echinoderm grainstones/packstones (storm reworked middle shelf); and fine skeletal wackestones and planktonic marls (slightly storm-winnowed to sub-wave base, deeper shelf). Paleogene deposition on this high-energy, open-shelf was characterized by a distinctive shelf profile of inner shelf and inner shelf break, deep shelf and continental shelf/slope break. The successive positions of terminal supersequence inner-shelf-breaks ii parallel the modern day continental margin and its onshore arches. Thickness trends were strongly controlled by more rapid subsidence within the Albemarle Basin. The Paleocene supersequence is dominated by deep shelf marl and developed following flooding after the latest Cretaceous low-stand. Major shallowing occurred at the end of the Early Paleocene and near the end of the Late Paleocene. The Eocene supersequence developed following lowstand deposition (evident on seismic) just off the terminal Paleocene depositional shelf break. With flooding, a major transgressive sediment body developed (Pamlico spur), that formed a 50 km wide by 50 m high promontory at the inner shelf break, followed by HST progradation of quartzose and bryozoan-echinoderm open shelf carbonates that filled in the laterally adjacent shelf topography. This was followed by ancestral Gulf Stream incision of the southeast- trending, shallow shelf to the south, and deep shelf further northeast. Late Eocene- Oligocene deposition was initiated with localized lowstand sedimentation off the earlier terminal inner shelf break, followed by thin regional marl deposition and widespread highstand inner shelf, quartz sands and quartzose carbonates. Localized Late Oligocene lowstand deposition occurred along the earlier Oligocene terminal inner shelf break, followed by widespread deposition of quartzose facies over the shallow shelf. Oligocene units on the deep shelf were modified by highstand Gulf Stream scour. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This project would not have been possible without the help of friends, colleagues, and family. I thank Fred Read for exposing me to the carbonate realm, both in the field and classroom, and for treating me as a friend and peer, with valuable suggestions and hours of engaging conversation. Members of the graduate committee, Richard Bambach, Thomas Burbey, Kenneth Eriksson, Matthias Imhof, and Daniel Textoris, are also thanked for their valuable input and instruction. Discussion with new and old friends who have called the Carbonate Lab home, particularly Aus Al-Tawil, Taury Smith, Amy Khetani, and Thomas Wynn, have helped improve my understanding of geology and made my time at Virginia Tech enjoyable. Also, I am fortunate to have met so many new friends while in the department, who have stimulated many scientific and social discussions. The office staff has been invaluable to everyday life, and is thanked for their kind assistance. Students helping to prepare the thousands of thin-sections needed for this study, Chris Chitty, Chad Haiar, Karen Michelson, and Miles Gentry provided great assistance and companionship during long hours in the Carbonate Lab. Richard Laws and Tim Bralower provided nannofossil age picks from critical stratigraphic intervals. This work has benefited greatly from grants from the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, the Department of Geological Sciences at Virginia Tech, the Geological Society of America, the North Carolina Geological Survey, and the Society of Professional Well Log Analysts. Special thanks for the ever-helpful personnel at the North Carolina Geologic Survey for providing access to data and materials. Quarry operators, Orrin Pilkey, and the personnel at the U.S. Geological Survey are thanked for allowing access to outcrops, dredge samples, cores, and seismic data. I thank my parents iv for unending encouragement and support and, most importantly, Ginger for companionship, support, and patience during the long 2½ years we were separated while I completed this degree. I thank you all for your help and value each of you as friends. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE..................................................................................................................................i ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................................................................................iv TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................vi FIGURES..........................................................................................................................xi TABLES...........................................................................................................................xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................1 CHAPTER 2: CARBONATE SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY FROM WELL- CUTTINGS...................................................................................................................3 ABSTRACT...............................................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................3 GEOLOGIC SETTING..............................................................................................4 Regional Stratigraphy....................................................................................8 METHODS..............................................................................................................10 AGE CONTROL.....................................................................................................11 LITHOFACIES FROM CUTTINGS......................................................................12 Muddy Quartz Sands/Silts...........................................................................12 Quartz Sands/Skeletal Fragment Quartz Sands...........................................16 Sandy, Whole Mollusk Packstone/Grainstone............................................17 Sandy, Mollusk-Fragment Grainstone/Packstone.......................................20 Phosphatic Sands And Hardgrounds...........................................................21 Bryozoan/Echinoderm Grainstones/Packstones..........................................22 Glauconitic Sands........................................................................................26 Fine Wackestones/Mudstones.....................................................................27 Argillaceous, Variably Sandy Carbonate Mudstone (Marl)........................28 DEPOSITIONAL SEQUENCES FROM THE CUTTINGS DATA......................28 Sequence Boundaries..................................................................................29 Lowstand Systems Tracts...........................................................................29 Transgressive Systems Tracts.....................................................................29 vi Maximum Flooding Surfaces.......................................................................32 Highstand Systems Tracts............................................................................32 Sequence Stratigraphic Position of Hardgrounds........................................32 SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY AND LONG-TERM TRENDS FROM WELL CUTTINGS..................................................................................................33 LIMITATIONS ON THE CUTTINGS DATA.....................................................37 Downhole Mixing........................................................................................37 Sample Spacing...........................................................................................39 Sample Resolution.......................................................................................39 Time Requirements......................................................................................39 Interbedding Versus Mixing........................................................................40 CONCLUSIONS.....................................................................................................42
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sequence Stratigraphy Basics, Concepts & Applications
    Sequence Stragraphy - Basics, Concepts & Applicaons Sequence Stratigraphy Basics, Concepts & Applications 07.-09.03.2016 Dr. Hartmut Jäger Sequence Stragraphy - Basics, Concepts & Applicaons Introduction Books Posamen(er , H.W. & Weimer, P . (eds), 1994: Siliciclas/c Sequence Stragraphy: Recent Developments and Applicaons. (AAPG Memoir) Loucks, R.G. & Sarg, J.F., 1994: Carbonate Sequence Stragraphy: Recent Developments and Applicaons. (AAPG Memoir) Emery, D. & Myers, K., 1996: Sequence Stragraphy. Blackwell Science Catuneanu, O., 2006: Principles of Sequence Stragraphy (Developments in Sedimentology). Elsevier Haq, B.U., 2013: Sequence Stragraphy and Deposi/onal Response to Eustac, Tectonic and Climac Forcing. (Coastal Systems and Con/nental Margins). Springer Sequence Stragraphy - Basics, Concepts & Applicaons Introduction Stragraphy “the science of strafied (layered) rocks in terms of /me and space” (Oxford Dic/onary of Earth Sciences, 2003) Sequence "A chronologic succession of sedimentary rocks from older below to younger above, essen/ally without interrup/on, bounded by unconformi/es.” (Glossary of Geology, 1987) Sequence Stragraphy - Basics, Concepts & Applicaons Introduction Sequence stratigraphy is one type of lithostratigraphy • used for subdivision of the sedimentary basin fll by a framework of major depositional and erosional surfaces • creates units of contemporaneous accumulated strata bounded by these surfaces (=sequences) • developed for clastic and carbonate sediments from continental, marginal marine, basin margins and
    [Show full text]
  • Stratigraphy, Sedimentary Structures, and Textures of the Late Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Cap Carbonate in South China
    Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2006, v. 76, 978–995 Research Article DOI: 10.2110/jsr.2006.086 STRATIGRAPHY, SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURES, AND TEXTURES OF THE LATE NEOPROTEROZOIC DOUSHANTUO CAP CARBONATE IN SOUTH CHINA 1 2 3 4 4 GANQING JIANG, MARTIN J. KENNEDY, NICHOLAS CHRISTIE-BLICK, HUAICHUN WU, AND SHIHONG ZHANG 1Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4010, U.S.A. , 2Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, U.S.A. , 3Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964-8000, U.S.A. 4School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The 3- to 5-m-thick Doushantuo cap carbonate in south China overlies the glaciogenic Nantuo Formation (ca. 635 Ma) and consists of laterally persistent, thinly laminated and normally graded dolomite and limestone indicative of relatively deep-water deposition, most likely below storm wave base. The basal portion of this carbonate contains a distinctive suite of closely associated tepee-like structures, stromatactis-like cavities, layer-parallel sheet cracks, and cemented breccias. The cores of tepees are composed of stacked cavities lined by cements and brecciated host dolomicrite. Onlap by laminated sediment indicates synsedimentary disruption of bedding that resulted in a positive seafloor expression. Cavities and sheet cracks contain internal sediments, and they are lined by originally aragonitic isopachous botryoidal cements with acicular radiating needles, now replaced by dolomite and silica. Pyrite and barite are common, and calcite is locally retained as a primary mineral.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Interval in Badlands National Park, South Dakota
    The Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Interval in Badlands National Park, South Dakota Philip W. Stoffer1 Paula Messina John A. Chamberlain, Jr. Dennis O. Terry, Jr. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-56 2001 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Gale A. Norton, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Charles G. Groat, Director The Cretaceous/Tertiary (K-T) boundary study interval at the Rainbow Colors Overlook along Badlands Loop Road, North Unit of Badlands National Park. This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 1345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of01-056/ ABSTRACT A marine K-T boundary interval has been identified throughout the Badlands National Park region of South Dakota. Data from marine sediments suggest that deposits from two asteroid impacts (one close, one far away) may be preserved in the Badlands. These impact- generated deposits may represent late Maestrichtian events or possibly the terminal K-T event. Interpretation is supported by paleontological correlation, sequence stratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, and strontium isotope geochronology. This research is founded on nearly a decade of NPS approved field work in Badlands National Park and a foundation of previously published data and interpretations. The K-T boundary occurs within
    [Show full text]
  • Carbonates Versus Siliciclastics in Sequence Stratigraphy
    SEDIMENTOLOGY AND SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY OF REEFS AND CARBONATE PLATFORMS A Short Course by Wolfgang Schlager Free University, Amsterdam Continuing Education Course Note Series #34 Published by The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Tulsa, Oklahoma U.S.A. PREFACE Classical sequence stratigraphy has been developed primarily from siliciclastic systems. Application of the concept to carbonates has not been as straightforward as was originally expected even though the basic tenets of sequence stratigraphy are supposed to be applicable to all depositional systems. Rather than force carbonate platforms into the straightjacket of a concept derived from another sediment family, this course takes a different tack. It starts out from the premise that sequence stratigraphy is a modern and sophisticated version of lithostratigraphy and as such is a sedimentologic concept. "More sedimentology into sequence stratigraphy" is the motto of the course and the red line that runs through the chapters of this booklet. The course sets out with a review of sedimentologic principles governing the large-scale anatomy of reefs and platforms. It then looks at sequences and systems tracts from a sedimentologic point of view, assesses the differences between siliciclastics and carbonates in their response to sea level, evaluates processes that compete with sea level for control on carbonate sequences, and finally presents a set of guidelines for application of sequence stratigraphy to reefs and carbonate platforms. In compiling these notes, I have drawn not only on literature but also on as yet unpublished materials from my associates in the sedimentology group at the Free University, Amsterdam. I acknowledge in particular Hemmo Bosscher, Ewan Campbell, Juul Everaars, Arnout Everts, Jeroen Kenter, Henk van de Poel, John Reijmer, Jan Stafleu, and Flora Vijn.
    [Show full text]
  • View, CMM-I-2126
    SYSTEMATICS AND PALEOECOLOGY OF MIOCENE PORTUNID AND CANCRID DECAPOD FOSSILS FROM THE ST. MARYS FORMATION, MARYLAND A thesis submitted To Kent State University in partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Heedar Bahman August, 2018 © Copyright All rights reserved Except for previously published materials Thesis written by Heedar Bahman B.S., Kuwait University, 2011 M.S., Kent State University, 2018 Approved by Rodney M. Feldmann , Ph.D., Advisor Daniel Holm , Ph.D., Chair, Department of Geology James L. Blank , Ph.D., Dean, College of Arts and Sciences TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................... iii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................... viii SUMMARY .........................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................2 GEOLOGICAL SETTING ..................................................................................................5 METHODS ..........................................................................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • Sequence Stratigraphy of a Mesozoic Carbonate Platform-To-Basin System in Western Sicily
    Cent. Eur. J. Geosci. • 1(3) • 2009 • 251-273 DOI: 10.2478/v10085-009-0021-8 Central European Journal of Geosciences Sequence stratigraphy of a Mesozoic carbonate platform-to-basin system in western Sicily Research Article Luca Basilone∗ Dipartimento di Geologia e Geodesia, Palermo University, via Archirafi 20-22, 90123 Palermo, Italy Received 15 April 2009; accepted 9 June 2009 Abstract: Sequence stratigraphic studies of the Triassic through Paleogene carbonate successions of platform, slope and basin in western Sicily (Palermo and Termini Imerese Mountains) have identified a sedimentary cyclicity mostly caused by relative oscillations of sea level. The stratigraphic successions of the Imerese and Panormide palaeo- geographic domains of the southern Tethyan continental margin were studied with physical-stratigraphy and facies analysis to reconstruct the sedimentary evolution of this platform-to-basin system. The Imerese Basin is characterized by a carbonate and siliceous-calcareous succession, 1200-1400 m thick, Late Triassic to Eocene in age. The strata display a typical example of a carbonate platform margin, characterized by resedimented facies with progradational stacking patterns. The Panormide Carbonate Platform is characterized by a carbonate succession, 1000-1200 m thick, Late Triassic to Late Eocene, mostly consisting of shallow-water facies with periodic subaerial exposure. The cyclic arrangement has been obtained by the study of the stratigraphic signatures (unconformities, facies sequences, erosional surfaces and stratal geometries) found in the slope successions. The recognized pattern has been compared with coeval facies of the shelf. This correlation provided evidence of sedimentary evolution, influenced by progradation and backstepping of the shelf deposits. The stratigraphic architecture of the platform-to-basin system is characterized by four major transgres- sive/regressive cycles during the late Triassic to late Eocene.
    [Show full text]
  • Mid-Depth Calcareous Contourites in the Latest Cretaceous of Caravaca (Subbetic Zone, SE Spain)
    Mid-depth calcareous contourites in the latest Cretaceous of Caravaca (Subbetic Zone, SE Spain). Origin and palaeohydrological significance Javier Martin-Chivelet*, Maria Antonia Fregenal-Martinez, Beatriz Chac6n Departamento de 8stratigrajia. institute de Geologia Economica (CSiC-UCM). Facultad de Ciencias Geologicas. Universidad Complutense. 28040 Madrid, Spain Abstract Deep marine carbonates of Late Campanian to Early Maastrichtian age that crop out in the Subbetic Zone near Caravaca (SE Spain) contain a thick succession of dm-scale levels of calcareous contourites, alternating with fine-grained pelagitesl hemipelagites. These contourites, characterised by an abundance and variety of traction structures, internal erosive surfaces and inverse and nOlmal grading at various scales, were interpreted as having been deposited under the influence of relatively deep ocean CUlTents. Based on these contourites, a new facies model is proposed. The subsurface currents that generated the contourites of Caravaca were probably related to the broad circumglobal, equatorial current system, the strongest oceanic feature of Cretaceous times. These deposits were formed in the mid-depth (200-600 m), hemipelagic environments at the ancient southern margin of Iberia. This palaeogeographic setting was susceptible to the effects of these currents because of its position close to the narrowest oceanic passage, through which the broad equatorial cun'ent system flowed in the westemmost area of the Tethys Seaway. Regional uplift, related to the onset of convergence between Iberia and Africa, probably favoured the generation of the contourites during the Late Campanian to the Early Maastrichtian. Keyword\': Contourites; Palaeoceanography; Late Cretaceous; Caravaca; Betics; SE Spain 1. Introduction aI., 1996; Stow and Faugeres, 1993, 1998; Stow and Mayall, 2000a; Shanmugam, 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Paleoecology of Late Cretaceous Methane Cold-Seeps of the Pierre Shale, South Dakota
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 10-2014 Paleoecology of Late Cretaceous methane cold-seeps of the Pierre Shale, South Dakota Kimberly Cynthia Handle Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/355 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Paleoecology of Late Cretaceous methane cold-seeps of the Pierre Shale, South Dakota by Kimberly Cynthia Handle A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Earth and Environmental Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2014 i © 2014 Kimberly Cynthia Handle All Rights Reserved ii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Earth and Environmental Sciences in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Neil H. Landman____________________________ __________________ __________________________________________ Date Chair of Examining Committee Harold C. Connolly, Jr.___ ____________________ __________________ __________________________________________ Date Deputy - Executive Officer Supervising Committee Harold C. Connolly, Jr John A. Chamberlain Robert F. Rockwell The City University of New York iii ABSTRACT The Paleoecology of Late Cretaceous methane cold-seeps of the Pierre Shale, South Dakota By Kimberly Cynthia Handle Adviser: Neil H. Landman Most investigations of ancient methane seeps focus on either the geologic or paleontological aspects of these extreme environments.
    [Show full text]
  • Depositional Controls and Sequence Stratigraphy of Lacustrine to Marine
    DEPOSITIONAL CONTROLS AND SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY OF LACUSTRINE TO MARINE TRANSGRESSIVE DEPOSITS IN A RIFT BASIN, LOWER CRETACEOUS BLUFF MESA, INDIO MOUNTAINS, WEST TEXAS ANDREW ANDERSON Master’s Program in Geology APPROVED: Katherine Giles, Ph.D., Chair Richard Langford, Ph.D. Vanessa Lougheed, Ph.D. Charles Ambler, Ph.D. Dean of the Graduate School Copyright © by Andrew Anderson 2017 DEDICATION To my parents for teaching me to be better than I was the day before. DEPOSITIONAL CONTROLS AND SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY OF LACUSTRINE TO MARINE TRANSGRESSIVE DEPOSITS IN A RIFT BASIN, LOWER CRETACEOUS BLUFF MESA, INDIO MOUNTAINS, WEST TEXAS by ANDREW ANDERSON, B.S. THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at El Paso in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Geological Sciences THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASO December 2017 ProQuest Number:10689125 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ProQuest 10689125 Published by ProQuest LLC ( 2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 - 1346 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the Fall of 2014, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Diagenesis and Sequence Stratigraphy
    Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 762 _____________________________ _____________________________ Diagenesis and Sequence Stratigraphy An Integrated Approach to Constrain Evolution of Reservoir Quality in Sandstones BY JOÃO MARCELO MEDINA KETZER ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS UPPSALA 2002 Dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Mineral Chemistry, Petrology and Tectonics at the Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, 2002 Abstract Ketzer, J. 2002. Diagenesis and Sequence Stratigraphy. an integrated approach to constrain evolution of reservoir quality in sandstones. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 762. 30 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91-554-5439-9 Diagenesis and sequence stratigraphy have been formally treated as two separate disciplines in sedimentary petrology. This thesis demonstrates that synergy between these two subjects can be used to constrain evolution of reservoir quality in sandstones. Such integrated approach is possible because sequence stratigraphy provides useful information on parameters such as pore water chemistry, residence time of sediments under certain geochemistry conditions, and detrital composition, which ultimately control diagenesis of sandstones. Evidence from five case studies and from literature, enabled the development of a conceptual model for the spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations and related evolution of reservoir quality
    [Show full text]
  • Practical Application of Sequence Stratigraphy and Risk Analysis for Stratigraphic Trap Exploration
    t2.o Practical Application of Sequence Stratigraphy and Risk Analysis for Stratigraphic Trap Exploration Takeshi Nakanishi B.Sc. Geology - Osaka City University (Japan) M.Sc. Geology - Osaka Cþ University (Japan) National Centre for Petroleum Geology and Geophysics The University of Adelaide This thesis is submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Science, The Universþ of Adelaide September 2002 THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE AUSTRALIA (Dr. g. llo Çeorge Affen. Table of Contents Table of Contents Abstract .. vllr I)eclaration x Acknowledgments xl Chapter l-Introduction I 1.1 Risk analysis inthe petroleum exploration business ........ 1 1.2 Stratigraphic traps: the targets to diversiff exploration risk .. 5 1.3 Sequence stratigraphy and stratigraphic trap exploration - l5 1.4 Designing an evaluationprocedure for stratigraphic trap exploration . .-...... 18 1.5 Publications t9 Chapter 2 - Methodology 20 2.1 Quantitative geologic risk evaluation and ENPV evaluation in JNOC's projects ... 20 2.1.1 Introduction 20 2.1.2 ENPV: Expected Net Present Value ... 20 2.1.3 Geologic risk evaluation ...... 29 2.1.4 Consistency - the challenge for the future 36 2.2lntegration of sequence stratigraphy and 3D seismic dat¿ visualisation 37 2.2.1 Sequence stratigraphy 37 2.2.2 3D seismic data visualisation ...... 47 2.23lnfegration of sequence stratigraphic concept and 3D seismic data visualisation. 52 Chapter 3 - Case Study Areas and Available Data 55 Chapter 4 - General Geologic Setting and Petroleum Systems of the Southern Cooper-Eromanga Basin 64 4.1 Stratigraphic and tectonic setting 64 4.2 Petroleum systems 68 4.2.1 Source rocks and migration..
    [Show full text]
  • Tarawa Terrace Reported Depth to Water
    Analyses of Groundwater Flow, Contaminant Fate and Transport, and Distribution of Drinking Water at Tarawa Terrace and Vicinity, U.S. Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina: Historical Reconstruction and Present-Day Conditions Chapter C: Simulation of Groundwater Flow TT-45 TT-29 TT-28 ABC One-Hour TT-30 Cleaners TT-27 TT-55 TT-26 TT-25 TT-53 TT-23 TT-67 TT-52 TT-31 STT-39 TT-54 Jacksonville 17 Tarawa Terrace 53 Piney Green ONSLOW 1105 24 COUNTY New 172 U.S. Marine Verona Corps Base Camp Lejeune 17 River Dixon 50 172 Sneads 210 Ferry Atlantic Ocean Wilmington 70 miles Holly Ridge ATSDR health study 1,000 Well TT-26 Well TT-23 100 Well TT-25 Finished water from water treatment plant 10 Well TT-54 Maximum contaminant level Well TT-67 1 Well TT-31 0.1 Finished water 0.01 sample from water PCE CONCENTRATION, IN MICROGRAMS PER LITER treatment plant 0.001 Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 Atlanta, Georgia– November 2007 Front cover: Historical reconstruction process using data, information sources, and water-modeling techniques to estimate historical exposures Maps: U.S. Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina; Tarawa Terrace area showing historical water-supply wells and site of ABC One-Hour Cleaners Photographs on left: Ground storage tank STT-39 and four high-lift pumps used to deliver finished water from tank STT-39 to Tarawa Terrace water-distribution system Photograph on right: Equipment used to measure flow and pressure at a hydrant during field test of the present-day (2004) water-distribution system Graph: Reconstructed historical concentrations of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) at selected water-supply wells and in finished water at Tarawa Terrace water treatment plant Analyses of Groundwater Flow, Contaminant Fate and Transport, and Distribution of Drinking Water at Tarawa Terrace and Vicinity, U.S.
    [Show full text]