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Home , Burdigalian, Castle Hayne Limestone, Chattian, Langhian, Lutetian, Rupelian

U.S. Department of the Interior Open-File Report 2019–1145 U.S. Geological Survey Sheet 2 of 2

ALTITUDE RELATIVE TO HAL-T-2 SEA LEVEL, IN FEET UNIT ERATHEM SUPER- +93 ALTITUDE ALTITUDE ALTITUDE +100 ALTITUDE QUATER- Gelasian- Columbia Group WAS-OT-02 RELATIVE TO RELATIVE TO RELATIVE TO SELF CENO- NARY Calabrian F +65 HY-OT-6 MOBIL #3 ESSO #1 Nomini Yorktown LM-1 P SEA LEVEL, IN FEET SEA LEVEL, IN FEET RELATIVE TO SELF SEA LEVEL, IN FEET POTENTIAL RESISTIVITY ERATHEM STAGE SUPER- GROUP UNIT SYSTEM ERATHEM UNIT STAGE ZOIC Formation * G P SYSTEM SUPER- GROUP ERATHEM STAGE SUPER- GROUP UNIT P SYSTEM +9 H M +23 +16 +2 SEA LEVEL, IN FEET POTENTIAL RESISTIVITY ERATHEM STAGE SUPER- GROUP UNIT H 0 SEA LEVEL QUATER- Columbia M M 0 SEA LEVEL 0 SYSTEM 0 SEA LEVEL 0 Santo- Cape Fear F H NARY Tarantian Group SEA LEVEL -20 H F -24 nian Formation H G F H -75 Yorktown G Columbia Columbia 95 M -100 G Group Group -95 H F Formation Gelasian- Tarantian QUATER- NARY Ceno- M L -156 and Piacenzian UPPER Gelasian- Tarantian

L S QUATER- NARY

Ancora -160 manian F-1* Pungo -175 NEOGENE -180 H and P LM-2 Gelasian- Tarantian River Fm. -200 * Yorktown Columbia Group S -200 -204 -200 -200 -200 QUATER- NARY MESOZOIC Clubhouse Formation -244 G Formation LM-2 * Basement lithology TD Castle G -272 PALEOZOIC? not reported -245 feet -300 LM-2* Hayne Yorktown -301 Piacen- Limestone G Formation G Figure 8. Stratigraphic column from the HAL-T-2 test well (northwesternmost well) used Trent Nomini zian Zone 2 and G P , CENOZOIC -391 to construct A–A ; adapted and stratigraphically updated from plate 43 in Brown and -391 G G -400 G -400 Eastover -400 -400 Jericho Nomini G G Formation others (1972). datums are designated by asterisks (*) and are identified with their Zanclean and Piacenzian Run G original letter (LM and F) and number designations from Brown and others (1972). Formation G -478 NN15 G G G P A-2,5 -511 Nomini Abbreviations: LM, late (now ); TD, total depth; ?, of basement * G -510 Maas- Peedee G lithology inferred but not confirmed. MM-4,5 trichtian Formation G NEOGENE Pungo * P St. Marys MM-5,6 -601 -600 River -600 -600 * -600 Donoho B-1 * G NN15 P P Formation MM-5 * Nomini Creek B-11 * G Formation NEOGENE

Tortonian Zanclean NN15 G P Formation Zone 1 -691 P P C-1 * G D -697 NN15 G Burdigalian D G and Langhian Zanclean NN15 Caddin P P -743 Formation G Rupel- lower River P m-l Miocene Campanian -800 ian reworked dinos Bend Fm. -800 Formation Yorktown G -816 -800 G -800 Shepherd -839 MM-1 * NN14-15

Black Creek Group G Grove G MM-7 * NEOGENE NN14-15 Formation -918 CENOZOIC G Pungo River Formation NN14-15 G

Ancora P G Burdigalian and Langhian P G G G -1,000 -1,000 -995 -1,000 -975 -1,000 H G upper River P D-1 * -1,041 H L Castle MM-1,7 * Bend Fm. P CENOZOIC

Santonian -1,080 L H P Trent Hayne G H lower River Limestone ME-8 G P -1,165 * Bend Fm. P P H -1,171 Pleasant Creek Formation H -1,200 -1,200 UPPER CRETACEOUS G -1,200 -1,200 -1,248 H G

unnamed ME-1 Pungo River Formation Turonian * Burdigalian and Langhian formation Lutetian and Bartonian H GG P P S -1,351 G

G PALEOGENE G G -1,360 Edisto Fm. -1,400 -1,400 Chat- -1,370 G G -1,400 Chandler -1,400 -1,418 CENOZOIC tian Bridge Fm. G -1,415 E-1 * G Trent Ashley G P Clubhouse Formation Cenomanian Jericho H P-2 ME-8 Fm. P -1,565 Run * * S G G -1,600 Formation -1,571 Danian -1,600 G -1,600 NP22 G -1,600 F-1 * S P-8,10 * G G G Harley- P G G Rupelian G PALEOGENE G G G Bend Formation River ville Fm. NP22 G MESOZOIC G G

-1,670 Lutetian and Bartonian A-5 * G M Parkers -1,685 MQ-9 G H Peedee G Pria- Ferry Fm. 1-730-1,725 Formation A-2 * G G bonian NP17-18 -1,730 G G F -1,800 Maas- tricht- ian -1,772 -1,808 L L L -1,800 -1,800 Wood- P -1,800 -1,800 B-11 * M stock G Bladen G Fm. Mbr. G G H M G -1,884 ME-10 -1,903 Pota- * Cane paco ME-2,8 C-2 G G G * Acre Fm. * Mbr. -1,954 -2,000 -1,978 G P -2,000 Jericho P-8* G Caddin -2,000 -2,000 G G

Fm. Run Fm. Trent Danian G NP17-18 Campanian -2,092 -2,081 Black Creek Group

Patapsco Formation Shepherd A-5 Albian D-1 M H * Peedee * NP17-18 Grove H Marquesas -2,200 -2,200 Fm. H Fm. -2,200 Maas- trichtian L -2,200 G G -2,200 H -2,230 -2,224 Donoho NP16 G G Creek NP16 and S G Fm. B-1,9* G G LOWER CRETACEOUS -2,320 m-l G H dinos -2,400 P Bladen

-2,400 Castle Hayne Limestone

-2,400 Lutetian Fm. G LE-1,3 * G -2,400 -2,436 PALEOGENE H Ancora Coach- G S man S Santonian Fm. G G F -2,528 NP16 G Campanian Patuxent Formation UPPER CRETACEOUS H Cane -2,600 Pleasant Creek Formation G G H Acre G -2,600 Fm. G -2,600 -2,600 -2,616 G FF G -2,673 H Caddin NP16 TD Group Black Creek B-11 G H Fm. * G G Basement lithology -2,674 feet -2,698 -2,700 NP16 G G not reported G G PALEO- ZOIC? Shepherd G P NP16 G -2,800 Grove , M -2,800 -2,800 Figure 9. Stratigraphic column from the WAS-OT-02 test well used to construct A–A ; Fm. Ancora G NP16 G G -2,845 unnamed adapted and stratigraphically updated from plate 30 in Brown and others (1972). Fossil formation P NP14 and -2,884 early-middle datums are designated by asterisks (*) and are identified with their original letter (A to P M Turonian Turonian Sunny Point Eocene dinos F) and number designations from Brown and others (1972). Abbreviations: Fm., Formation H M NP14? equivalent Formation; TD, total depth; ?, age of basement lithology inferred but not confirmed. -3,000 M -3,005 -3,000 -3,000

G Congaree Formation M E-1 * G G C-2 * G Santonian G NP13 and C-1 GM

* Ypresian M early Eocene Clubhouse Formation -3,200 dinos *

G Nanjemoy Formation, Woodstock Member M M -3,200 -3,200 -3,230 G B-3,9? -3,210

H Pleasant Creek Formation

Cenomanian L G M

MQ-10 M Campa- nian? F-5 -3,368 Caddin Formation B-11* * -3,400 D-1 * -3,381 G G CC17 -3,415 -3,400 G -3,400 M G H UPPER CRETACEOUS M G M H EXPLANATION Grove Black Creek Group Black Creek Shepherd unnamed Formation H -3,600 formation [Grain-size combinations are indicated by superposition of patterns] -3,600 M G -3,600

MESOZOIC -3,630 H C-1* G G MQ-9 Shell fragments S Turonian M G S E-1,2 * P Pyrite equivalent Formation G M -3,800 Sunny Point -3,801 -3,800 M -3,800 L C-2 G Lignite F * M Ancora G G Glauconite -3,920 Santonian M F Feldspar F -4,000

Clubhouse Formation -4,000 -4,000 D Diatoms -4,057 M Mica M G H

MQ-8 G Albian Pleasant Creek Formation Pleasant Creek Calcareous sediment Cenomanian CC16 -4,200 H M M -4,200 -4,200

S G-9 MQ-10 Siderite * D-1 * M G -4,248

(Patapsco Formation marine equivalent) L L M M Abundant microfauna -4,295 M G-4 P * M -4,350 CC13b and Fragmentary limestone -4,400 -4,400 Albian-Cam- -4,400 panian dinos M Marquesas G-2 P MESOZOIC * P Phosphate unnamed formation P UPPER CRETACEOUS L Limonite M H Hematite -4,600 CC12 and -4,600 Turonian -4,600 G-3 * Albian-Cam-

MQ-7 G-7 * panian dinos Coarse sand MQ-9

Medium sand LOWER CRETACEOUS M (Patuxent Formation marine equivalent) equivalent G-1 * Formation E-1* Sunny Point M -4,800 -4,800 -4,793 Fine sand -4,800

Gravel -4,895 M CC9c M Shell hash -4,954 M -5,000 -5,000 Clubhouse Formation Gravelly sand G-5,8 * -5,010 -5,000 G-1,4 * Clayey sand (sand>clay) L G Sandy clay (clay>sand) MQ-4 G

-5,200 Cenomanian -5,200 -5,200 Clay MQ-8 CC9c

Albian L MQ-10 CC9c M L Shale G-7 * (Patapsco Formation marine equivalent) G-6 * -5,337 M Siltstone Berriasian F S -5,400 M H-1 -5,412 -5,400 -5,390 -5,400 Anhydrite * G-2* Dolomite F G-3* MQ-1 F TD Coquina -5,560 feet

(Waste Gate (Waste Fm. equivalent) CC9a/b (basement not reached) -5,600 Marquesas -5,600 -5,600 , M Limestone Figure 10. Stratigraphic column from the HY-OT-6 test well used to construct A–A ; Shell limestone adapted and stratigraphically updated from plate 30 in Brown and others (1972). G-9 * Fossil datums are designated by asterisks (*) and are identified with their original Sandy limestone letter (LM, MM, ME, P, and A to G) and number designations from Brown and others MQ-7 (1972). Abbreviations: LM, (now Pliocene); MM, ; -5,800 MQ-9 -5,800 Sandy chalk ME, middle Eocene; P, ; Fm., Formation; TD, total depth. (Patuxent Formation marine equivalent) Algal limestone M M LOWER CRETACEOUS Oolitic limestone -6,000 -6,000 Dolomitic limestone M -6,100 No sample -6,116 L

Basement rock -6,200 -6,200

G-1,2 G-5 * M Albian CC9a/b *

MQ-8 * G-7 MQ-4 -6,400 -6,400 G-3*

(Patapsco Fm. equivalent) CC9a/b M M

H-1 * MESOZOIC CC9a/b CC9a/b and M M -6,550 Albian-Ceno- H-6 * H-3 * -6,600 manian dinos -6,600 CC9a/b -6,662

MQ-3 Albian-Ceno- -6,750 Berriasian manian dinos G F -6,800 -6,800 MQ-2 F G

-6,820 Marquesas F MQ-7 G-6 G F * F -7,000 -7,000 M (Patuxent Fm. equivalent) MQ-1 G M Waste Gate Waste CC9a/b

Fm. equivalent M

F -7,183 M -7,200 -7,184 -7,200 saprolite F F TD ? MQ-6 M M -7,290 feet leucogranodiorite M -7,312 or trondhjemite -7,400 -7,400 PALEO- ZOIC?

, Figure 11. Stratigraphic column from the Mobil #3 (HY-OT-01-65) test well used to construct A–A ; adapted and stratigraphically MQ-5 CC2 and dinos updated from plate 50 in Brown and others (1972). Fossil datums are designated by asterisks (*) and are identified with their M -7,600

original letter (LM, MM, ME, P, A to E, G, and H) and number designations from Brown and others (1972). Abbreviations: Fm., LOWER CRETACEOUS H-1 0 0 Formation; LM, late Miocene; MM, middle Miocene; ME, middle Eocene; P, Paleocene; Mbr., Member; TD, total depth; ?, age CC2 * L L - of basement lithology inferred but not confirmed. -7,735 L

Pliocene -7,800

-1,000 -1,000 middle-late late Rupelian-Chattian -8,000 Miocene hiatus H-1 * early (~7 million MQ-4 Rupelian duration) -2,000 -2,000 -8,200 Lutetian-Bartonian- F Berriasian

M -8,400 -3,000 -3,000 P Campanian F M late Ypresian -8,465 Campanian-early Ypresian hiatus MQ-3

(~40 million years duration) -8,605 -8,600 -4,000 -4,000 Santonian MQ-2 -8,735 CC2 Coniacian hiatus (~4 million years duration) H-8 * -8,800 Turonian L -5,000 -5,000 CC1b/c? and M Early Cretaceous dinos

Cenomanian MQ-1 -9,000

H-4 (Waste Gate Fm. (Waste marine equivalent) * H-5 * -9,145 F -6,000 -6,000 M

Altitude relative to sea level, in feet -9,200 M middle-late Albian F MI-3 M

-9,400 -7,000 -7,000 -9,408 F ? F F

Barremian-early Albian hiatus Minden MI-2 F F -9,600 (~30 million years duration) F F -8,000 -8,000 F UPPER -9,720 Berriasian PERIOD MI-1 -9,800 F -9,853 -9,000 -9,000 estimated beginning sheared of Marquesas Supergroup monzogranite TD -10,000 CRETACEOUS PERIOD PALEOGENE PERIOD NEOGENE PERIOD -10,019 feet deposition (~142 Ma) PALEO- ZOIC? , Figure 12. Stratigraphic column from the Esso #1 (DR-OT-01-46) test well (southeasternmost well) used to construct A–A ; adapt- -10,000 -10,000 ed and stratigraphically updated from plate 30 in Brown and others (1972). Fossil datums from Brown and others (1972) are desig- 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 nated by asterisks (*) and are identified with their original letter (LM, MM, ME, LE, B to E, G, and H) and number designations. Age (Ma) Dinoflagellate sample locations are indicated by an arrow and are designated by stage names (for example, lower Eocene, Campa- nian-Albian, Cenomanian-Albian, and so forth). Calcareous nannofossil zones are based on the zonations of Martini (1971), Sissingh (1977), and Perch-Nielsen (1985) and are also labeled with an arrow and are indicated with NN, NP, and CC (for example, Figure 7. Age-depth plot for the Atlantic Continental Shelf at Cape Hatteras, based on detailed of the Esso #1 (DR-OT-01-46) test well (total depth below sea level -10,019 feet; see cross section , NN15, NP22, CC9c, and so forth). Abbreviations: CC, Cretaceous; LE, late Eocene; LM, late Miocene (now Pliocene); ME, A–A ). Time scale from Gradstein and others (2004). The definition of the Quaternary reflects the result of the 2009 vote on the placement of the base of the Quaternary by the International Commission on Stratig- middle Eocene; MM, middle Miocene; NN, Neogene; NP, Paleogene; NP14?, zonal assignment uncertain; dinos, dinocysts; Fm., raphy. Rocks below the Marquesas Supergroup not shown. Abbreviation: Ma, mega-annum (million years before present). Formation; Mbr., Member; TD, total depth; ?, age of basement lithology inferred but not confirmed. Cross Section of the North Carolina Coastal Plain from Enfield through Cape Hatteras Any use of firm, trade, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not By imply endorsement by the U.S. Government For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Box 25286, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225; Robert E. Weems,1 Jean M. Self-Trail,2 and Lucy E. Edwards1 http://store.usgs.gov; 1–888–ASK–USGS (1–888–275–8747) 1U.S. Geological Survey, retired. Suggested citation: Weems, R.E., Self-Trail, J.M., and Edwards L.E., 2019, Cross section of 2 ISSN 2331-1258 (online) the North Carolina coastal plain from Enfield through Cape Hatteras: U.S. Geological U.S. Geological Survey. 2019 https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191145 Survey Open-File Report 2019–1145, 2 sheets, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20191145.