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Open Final Version.Pdf The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Management THE EXAMINATION OF IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION IN TOURISM REPRESENTATION DISCOURSE A Dissertation in Recreation, Park and Tourism Management by Yasong Wang © 2010 Yasong Wang Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2010 ii The dissertation of Yasong Wang was reviewed and approved* by the following: Duarte B. Morais Associate Professor of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Management Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Garry Chick Professor of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Management Head of the Department of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Management Christine Buzinde Assistant Professor of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Management Lorraine Dowler Associate Professor of Geography and Women's Studies *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT The present study aims to explore the complex and volatile nature in the construction of identity manifested in tourism representation discourse. The study is composed of three parts. The first part focuses on how the Mosuo people represent themselves and their community, Lugu Lake, and examines the identity constructed in their self-representation discourse based on their gender. The second part targets how the state represents the Mosuo people and Lugu Lake and then locates the national identity reflected in its representation discourse. The third part discusses how tourists represent the Mosuo people and Lugu Lake and detect their identity as revealed in their representation discourse. The data for the first part of the study include two autobiographical books written by a local woman and weblog narratives from a local male weblog host; the data for the second part of the study comes from official newspaper articles reporting on the Mosuo people and Lugu Lake, and the data for the last part of study are travel accounts posted by tourists on weblogs about their travel experiences in Lugu Lake. To analyze the data, Critical Discourse Analysis was employed. The study findings indicate that identity constructed in tourism representation discourse is differential according to sociocultural contexts. One of the most significant contributions of the present study is its support to poststructural theorization of identity by proving that identity as a rhetorical being is unstable and molded by complex social circumstances; future studies are needed to examine such complex social circumstances more critically. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................vi LIST OF TABLES...................................................................................................................vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………………………..viii Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................1 Overview..........................................................................................................................1 Statement of the Problem.................................................................................................2 Purpose of the Study ........................................................................................................5 Research Questions..........................................................................................................6 Limitations .......................................................................................................................7 Delimitations....................................................................................................................7 Definitions........................................................................................................................8 Chapter 2 EXAMINING THE SUBALTAN’S SELF-ETHNOGRAPHIC REPRENTATION: THE CASE OF THE MOSUO PEOPLE.........................................10 Introduction......................................................................................................................10 Literature Review.............................................................................................................12 The Construction of Other as Subaltern in Tourism ................................................12 Alternative Approach in Theorizing Tourism Representation .................................16 The Construction of Other in China.........................................................................19 The Mosuo ...............................................................................................................22 Study Methods .................................................................................................................25 Method .....................................................................................................................26 Literary Expression of Self ......................................................................................27 Findings and Discussion ..................................................................................................31 The Primitive Home Village and the Pristine Lugu Lake Area ...............................31 The Shy vs Emancipated Mosuo People ..................................................................32 Sameness and Rationalization of Local Customs.....................................................36 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................40 Chapter 3 THE STATE’S REPRESENTATIONS OF THE INTERNAL OTHER: THE CASE OF CHINA’S MATRIARCHY ............................................................................43 Introduction......................................................................................................................43 Literature Review.............................................................................................................46 The Postmodern Construction of Self ......................................................................50 Tourism Development in Post-Mao-Era China........................................................53 The Mosuo ...............................................................................................................57 Study Methods .................................................................................................................59 Method .....................................................................................................................59 Data .........................................................................................................................63 Findings and Discussion ..................................................................................................63 v The Feminized Other................................................................................................64 Economic Growth ....................................................................................................67 Authenticity Issue.....................................................................................................68 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................72 Chapter 4 AN EXAMINATION OF TOURISTS’ SELF-IDENTITY IN TOURIST WEBLOGS ......................................................................................................................75 Introduction......................................................................................................................75 Literature Review.............................................................................................................77 Identity Construction as a Discoursive Practice.......................................................77 Weblog as an Innovative Way to Access the Travelers’ Self-Identity.....................80 Self-Identity in the Postmodern Condition...............................................................82 The Post-Mao-Era China..........................................................................................83 The Mosuo ...............................................................................................................86 Study Methods .................................................................................................................87 Method .....................................................................................................................88 Data .........................................................................................................................91 Findings and Disscussion.................................................................................................92 The Urban Self-Identity ...........................................................................................93 The Alternative Identity ...........................................................................................95 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................99 Chapter 5 CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................102 Overview of Study ...........................................................................................................102 Overview of Study Results
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