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Aneuploidy and Karyotypic Polymorphism of Lysimachia

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Aneuploidy and Karyotypic Polymorphism of Lysimachia © 2010 The Japan Mendel Society Cytologia 75(1): 3–8, 2010 Aneuploidy and Karyotypic Polymorphism of Lysimachia mauritiana (Primulaceae) Distributed in Middle and Southern Parts in the Ryukyu Archipelago Belonging to Okinawa Prefecture, Japan Yoshiko Kono1,2, Yoshikazu Hoshi3,*, Hiroaki Setoguchi4, Masatsugu Yokota5 and Kazuo Oginuma6 1 Graduate School of Human Health Science, Kochi Women’s University, 5-15 Eikokuji-cho, Kochi 780-8515, Japan 2 Herbarium (HAST), Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan 3 Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kawayou, Minamiaso-mura, Aso-gun, Kumamoto 869-1404, Japan 4 Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshidanihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan 5 Laboratory of Ecology and Systematics , Faculty of Science, University of Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan 6 Department of Biology, Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Science, Kochi Women’s University, 5-15 Eikokuji-cho, Kochi 780-8515, Japan Received October 8, 2009; accepted November 16, 2009 Summary Aneuploidy and karyotypic polymorphism in 98 individuals of Lysimachia mauritiana collected in middle and southern parts of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Okinawa Pref., were cytologically analyzed. Aneuploids of 2nϭ16, 17, 18, 19 and 20, and 13 cytotypes were recognized in the areas. By using longer metacentric chromosomes as markers, the number of all cytotypes in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan was 18, together with data reported earlier. Key words Aneuploid, Chromosomal polymorphism, Karyotypic variation, Lysimachia mauritiana, Ryukyu Archipelago. The biennial plant, Lysimachia mauritiana L. (Primulaceae), distributed widely in the temperate and subtropical regions of both hemispheres grows on coastal rocks and seashores from north to south in the Japanese Archipelago (Iwatsuki et al. 1996). The chromosome numbers of the species has been reported to be 2nϭ20 or nϭ10 by using plant materials native to Korea, Japan and Taiwan in East Asia, and Hawaii (Kono et al. 2008). According to the karyotype with 2nϭ20, 2 different karyotypes have been reported as 2nϭ20ϭ4mϩ2smϩ4stϩ10t collected in the Shikoku District of Japan (Jinno 1956, Tanaka and Hizume 1978), and as 2nϭ20ϭ4mϩ4smϩ2stϩ10t collected in the Orchid Island of Taiwan (Oginuma et al. 2004b). Recently, the aneuploidy and karyotypic polymorphism of the species have been reported in Yonagunijima Island (Oginuma et al. 2004a) and northern and middle parts in the Ryukyu Archipelago belonging to Kagoshima Pref. (Kono et al. 2008). All plants collected in Yonagunijima Is. showed the chromosome number of 2nϭ16 with 3 cytotypes as 2nϭ16ϭ8mϩ2smϩ6t, 2nϭ 16ϭ7mϩ2smϩ1stϩ6t and 2nϭ16ϭ6mϩ2smϩ2stϩ6t. Meanwhile, 76 plants collected in northern and middle parts in the Ryukyu Archipelago showed the aneuploidy (2nϭ16, 17, 18, 19 and 20) with 16 cytotypes (Kono et al. 2008). * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] 3_8.pdf 1 10.5.26 9:06:50 AM 4 Y. Kono et al. Cytologia 75(1) Figs. 1–5. Chromosome arrangement based on the karyotypic formula in Lysimachia mauritiana in Izenajima Is., Okinawajima Is., Iejima Is. and Gerumajima Is. 1. Shinzato (OMShi-0001; 2nϭ 20ϭ4mϩ4smϩ12t). 2. Geruma (GZG1-0001; 2nϭ20ϭ4mϩ2smϩ4stϩ10t). 3. Hedo (OKHe- 0001; 2nϭ20ϭ4mϩ2smϩ14t). 4. Uchihana (IzIzU-0111; 2nϭ19ϭ5mϩ3smϩ11t). 5. Higashieue (IeIeHiu1-0001; 2nϭ19ϭ4mϩ1mϩ2smϩ1stϩ11t). Five individuals were collected from Okinawajima Is. (1 and 3), Gerumajima Is. (2), Izenajima Is. (4) and Iejima Is. (5), respectively. Barϭ5 mm. In the present paper, aneuploidy and karyotypic polymorphism in 98 individuals of Lysimachia mauritiana collected in middle and southern parts of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Okinawa Pref., were investigated. Materials and methods Ninety-eight individuals of Lysimachia mauritiana collected from 23 sites in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Okinawa Pref., Japan were listed in Table 1 along with their karyotypic formula. They were cultivated in the greenhouse of Kochi Women’s University and their somatic chromosomes were examined on the basis of 3 good mitotic cells per individual using root tip. The methods for preparations and classifications of chromosome morphology followed Kono et al. (2008). As marker chromosomes, chromosomes of which the relative length was more than 5.4 were defined as longer-median, longer-submedian and longer-subterminal centromeric chromosomes designated by the bold letters “m”, “sm” and “st” in respective karyotypic formula (see Tables 1 and 2). The chromosome number and the number of “m” were also used as markers to simplify the karytypic polymorphisms (Kono et al. 2008). The voucher specimens investigated were deposited in the herbarium of University of Ryukyus (RYU). Results and discussion The aneuploidy of 2nϭ16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 and 16 cytotypes have been reported in northern and middle parts of the Ryukyu Archipelago belonging to Kagoshima Pref. (Kono et al. 2008). Comparing the present data with the foregoing data, the same aneuploidy of 2nϭ16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 was also recognized in middle and southern parts of the Ryukyu Archipelago belonging to 3_8.pdf 2 10.5.26 9:06:51 AM 2010 Aneuploidy and Karyotypic Polymorphism of Lysimachia mauritiana 5 Figs. 6–11. Chromosome arrangement based on the karyotypic formula in Lysimachia mauritiana in Izenajima Is., Okinawajima Is, Tokashikijima Is. and Shimojijima Is. 6. Irabusawada (SMISa- 0003; 2nϭ18ϭ6mϩ2smϩ10t). 7. Aharen (TTA2-0101; 2nϭ18ϭ5mϩ1mϩ2smϩ10t). 8. Ada (OKAd-0102; 2nϭ18ϭ4mϩ2mϩ2smϩ10t). 9. Uchihana (IzIzU-0110; 2nϭ17ϭ7mϩ2smϩ 8t). 10. Onna (ONS-0002; 2nϭ17ϭ6mϩ2smϩ1stϩ1stϩ7t). 11. Tokashiki (TTT1-0305; 2nϭ17ϭ5mϩ2mϩ2smϩ8t). Six individuals were collected from Shimojijima Is. (6), Tokashikijima Is. (7 and 11), Okinawajima Is. (8 and 10) and Izenajima Is. (9), respectively. Barϭ5 mm. Figs. 12–13. Chromosome arrangement based on the karyotypic formula in Lysimachia mauritiana in Iheyajima Is. and Okinawajima Is. 12. Shimajiri (IhIhShi-0027; 2nϭ16ϭ8mϩ2smϩ6t). 13. Onna (ONS-0007; 2nϭ16ϭ6mϩ2smϩ2stϩ6t). Two individuals were collected from Iheyajima Is. (12) and Okinawajima Is. (13), respectively. Barϭ5 mm. 3_8.pdf 3 10.5.26 9:06:51 AM 3 _ 8 . p d f 4 6 Table 1. Chromosome numbers, karyotypes and their collection data of Lysimachia mauritiana distributed in the middle and southern parts of Okinawa Prefecture in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan Karyotype1) Group name of Islands Locality Individual number 2nϭ20ϭ4mϩ4smϩ12t Okinawa group Okinawajima Is., Motobu-cho, Shinzato OMShi-0001, 0002, 0003, 0004, 0005 2nϭ20ϭ4mϩ2smϩ4stϩ10t Kerama group Gerumajima Is., Zamami-son, Geruma GZG1-0001, 0002, 0004, 0005, 0008 2nϭ20ϭ4mϩ2smϩ14t Okinawa group Okinawajima Is., Kunigami-son, Hedo OKHe-0001, 0002, 0003, 0004, 0005 2nϭ19ϭ5mϩ3smϩ11t Okinawa group Izenajima Is., Izena-son, Uchihana IzIzU-0111, 0201 2nϭ19ϭ4mϩ1mϩ2smϩ1stϩ11t Okinawa group Iejima Is., Ie-son, Higashieue IeIeHiu1-0001 2nϭ18ϭ6mϩ2smϩ10t Okinawa group Iheyajima Is., Iheya-son, Dana IhIhDa2-0001, 0004, 0010, 0013, 0024 Miyako group Miyakojima Is., Miyakojima-shi, Hirarakarimata MMHKa-0001, 0002, 0005 Miyako group Shimojijima Is., Miyakojima-shi, Irabusawada SMISa-0001, 0002, 0003 Yaeyama group Ishigakijima Is., Ishigaki-shi, Nagura IINa-0001, 0002, 0004, 0006, 0007 Yaeyama group Kohamajima Is., Taketomi-cho, Kohama KTKo-0002, 0006, 0007 Yaeyama group Kuroshima Is., Taketomi-cho, Kuroshima KTKu1-0001, 0002, 0003, 0006, 0008 Kono Y. Yaeyama group Iriomotejima Is., Taketomi-cho, Haimi ITHa-0001, 0002, 0003, 0004, 0005 2nϭ18ϭ5mϩ1mϩ2smϩ10t Kerama group Tokashikijima Is., Tokashiki-son, Aharen TTA2-0101 et al. 2nϭ18ϭ4mϩ2mϩ2smϩ10t Okinawa group Sesokojima Is., Motobu-cho, Sesoko SMSe-0001, 0005, 0006, 0007, 0009 Okinawa group Okinawajima Is., Kunigami-son, Ada OKAd-0101, 0102, 0103, 0104, 0105 Okinawa group Agunijima Is., Aguni-son, Hama AAHa1-0201, 0203, 0204, 0207, 0208 Okinawa group Tonakijima Is., Tonaki-son, Tonakisonichien TTTo1-0001, 0002, 0008, 0011, 0013 Okinawa group Kumejima Is., Kumejima-cho, Shimajiri KKShi-0101, 0102, 0106, 0109, 0111 Kerama group Zamamijima Is., Zamami-son, Asa ZZAs1-0208, 0209, 0304, 0312, 0313 2nϭ17ϭ7mϩ2smϩ8t Okinawa group Iheyajima Is., Iheya-son, Dana IhIhDa2-0003, 0005, 0008, 0009, 0011 Okinawa group Izenajima Is., Izena-son, Uchihana IzIzU-0101, 0103, 0105, 0110, 0113 2nϭ17ϭ6mϩ2smϩ1stϩ1stϩ7t Okinawa group Okinawajima Is., Onna-son, Onna ONS-0002, 0012 2nϭ17ϭ5mϩ2mϩ2smϩ8t Kerama group Tokashikijima Is., Tokashiki-son, Tokashiki TTT1-0305 Okinawa group Okinawajima Is., Kunigami-son, Ada OKAd-0113 2nϭ16ϭ8mϩ2smϩ6t Okinawa group Iheyajima Is., Iheya-cho, Shimajiri IhIhShi-0027 2nϭ16ϭ6mϩ2smϩ2stϩ6t Okinawa group Okinawajima Is., Onna-son, Onna ONS-0003, 0004, 0005, 0006, 0007 1) mϭlonger median chromosomes, mϭmedian chromosomes, smϭsubmedian chromosomes, stϭlonger subterminal chromosomes, stϭsubterminal chromosomes, tϭterminal 75(1) Cytologia chromosomes. 1 0 . 5 . 2 6 9 : 0 6 : 5 1 A M 2010 Aneuploidy and Karyotypic Polymorphism of Lysimachia mauritiana 7 Table 2. Summary of chromosome numbers and all Okinawa Pref. cytotypes of Lysimachia mauritiana distributed Thirteen cytotypes recognized in the in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, together with data reported earlier Ryukyu Archipelago of Okinawa Pref. are shown in Table 1 and Figs. 1–13, however, the Chromosome Cytotype1,2) number of cytotypes studied here was less than number the 16 cytotypes reported earlier in the Ryukyu 2nϭ20 2nϭ20ϭ5mϩ2smϩ1stϩ12t Archipelago belonging to Kagoshima Pref.,
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