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INTERNATIONAL QUALITY
ASSURANCE PROGRAMME (IQAP)

INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE
EXERCISES (ICE)

Summary Report

BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS
2013/2

INTERNATIONAL QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMME (IQAP)
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE EXERCISES (ICE)

Table of contents

  • Introduction
  • Page
  • 3

Comments from the International Panel of Forensic Experts Codes and Abbreviations
Page Page
34
Sample 1 Analysis

Identified substances Statement of findings Identification methods Summary

Page

Page Page Page Page Page

5

5610 12

  • 13
  • Z-Scores

Sample 2 Analysis

Identified substances Statement of findings Identification methods Summary

Page

Page Page Page Page Page

15

15 16 20 22

  • 23
  • Z-Scores

Sample 3 Analysis

Identified substances Statement of findings Identification methods Summary

Page

Page Page Page Page Page

25

25 27 31 33

  • 34
  • Z-Scores

Sample 4 Analysis

Identified substances Statement of findings Identification methods Summary

Page

Page Page Page Page

36

36 38 42 44

Test Samples Information

Samples Comments on samples

Sample 1 To prepare BS-1, urine was spiked with 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) (1590 ng base/ml), as an ethanolic solution. The spiked urine was dispensed in 50ml aliquots and lyophilised

Sample 2 To prepare BS-2, urine was spiked with Gammahydroxybutyrate (GHB) (14360 ng base/ml), as an aqueous solution. The spiked urine was dispensed in 50ml aliquots and lyophilised

Sample 3 To prepare BS-3, urine was spiked with Amfetamine sulphate (1570ng/ml, 1150 ng base/ml) and
Metamfetamine hydrochloride (4290 ng/ml, 3450 ng base/ml) as aqueous solutions. The spiked urine was dispensed in 50ml aliquots and lyophilised

Sample 4 BS-4 was a blank test sample containing no substances in the ICE menu

  • Samples Substances
  • Concentrations Comments on substances

Sample 1 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-
B)
1590 ng/ml
Sample 2 gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) Sample 3 Metamfetamine
Amfetamine
14360 ng/ml
3450 ng/ml 1150 ng/ml
Sample 4 [blank sample]

This report contains the data received from laboratories participating in the current exercise. The results compiled in this report are not intended to be an overview of the quality of work and cannot be interpreted as such. These comments do not reflect the general state of the art within the profession.

Participant results are reported using a randomly assigned "WebCode". This code maintains participant's anonymity, provides linking of the various report sections, and will change with every report.

  • 2013/2-BS
  • Copyright (c) 2014 UNODC

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INTERNATIONAL QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMME (IQAP)
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE EXERCISES (ICE)

Introduction

An important element of the UNODC International Quality Assurance Programme (IQAP) is the implementation of the International Collaborative Exercises (ICE). The exercises allow laboratories, from both developing and developed countries, to continuously monitor their performance in drug testing on a truly global scale. Two rounds are offered per year with each round presenting participants with four different test samples for analysis.

This report provides information on the analytical results of laboratories participating in the Biological Specimens (BS) group. In order to maintain confidentiality, the participating laboratories have been assigned random “Web Codes”, which change every round. The analytical results returned by laboratories participating in ICE are evaluated by UNODC and a confidential report is provided to each laboratory on its own performance. The overall analytical results are reviewed by the UNODC’s International Panel of Forensic Experts, which oversees the implementation of these exercises, and offers guidance and support in addressing relevant quality issues. The exercises provide an overview of the performance and capacity of participating laboratories and enable UNODC to tailor technical support in the laboratory sector for greatest impact.

Comments from the International Panel of Forensic Experts

Participation of laboratories Samples within both the Seized Materials (SM) and Biological Specimens (BS) test groups were sent to 165 laboratories in 59 countries. 63 laboratories participated in the BS test group and 62 (98%) laboratories submitted the results of their analysis in time for inclusion in the summary report, with 98% using the ICE portal for return of results.

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of the biological specimens test samples Overall, the level of performance in identification of the test samples was good given the inherently higher level of difficulty in the analysis of biological specimens compared to seized materials. The complexity of the test samples in ICE 2013/2 was designed in order to challenge the participants and BS-1 contained 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) which was identified by 50% of participants. BS-2 contained gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), which was identified by 29% of participants. This represents an increase from the 22% of participants who identified this substance in the 2013/1 round of ICE. BS-3 contained a mixture of amphetamine and methamphetamine which were identified by 87% and 94% of participants respectively. BS-4 was a blank test samples containing no substances from the ICE menu. With regard to false positive results, there were a total of 13 throughout all the BS test samples in 2013/2 including a number of false positive results for the New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) pentedrone and 2C-D. As the ICE programme develops, UNODC will include further examples of representative NPS in the ICE menu to assist participants in their analysis and detection of emerging substances. ICE participants are encouraged to use the UNODC Early Warning Advisory on New Psychoactive Substances http://www.unodc.org/nps, to report NPS detected in their laboratories. This information will greatly assist UNODC to further target its technical assistance to ICE participants.

A modified Z-score was used for the statistical examination of the quantitative results, as it is a robust method based on absolute deviations from the median of all participant values and is relatively insensitive to outliers. The results for quantitative analysis within the BS test group were excellent. For BS-1, 9 out of 11 (82%) laboratories quantified the 2C-B with acceptable Z-scores. Within BS-2, 11 of 11 (100%) laboratories quantified the GHB with acceptable Z-scores and within BS-3, 22 of 26 (85%) quantified the amphetamine and 21 of 27 (78%) quantified the methamphetamine with Z-scores ≤3.5. It is encouraging to note that of those laboratories who did carry out quantification, 85% performed quantification on at least two of the four substances in all test samples. The predominant analytical techniques used by participants for quantification within the BS test group were GC/MS (72%), followed by LC/MS (16%).

Laboratories are encouraged to carry out quantification as it can improve the quality of laboratory analyses and can be helpful in assessing the significance of the results. Also, laboratories reporting false positive or false negative results should investigate the reasons for this and corrective actions should be taken in order to continuously improve performance. Participation in the ICE programme also helps in monitoring the effect of corrective actions.

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INTERNATIONAL QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMME (IQAP)
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE EXERCISES (ICE)

Codes and Abbreviations

(+) “positive”: Indicates that the analyte is identified; for presumptive tests (e.g. colour reactions), indicates that a positive reaction was obtained.

(-) “negative”: Indicates that the analyte is not identified.

  • (ANP):
  • Analysis not performed.

Tech Code

100 110 120 130 140 141 142 150 160 161 170 171 172 180 190 200 210 211 220 230 231

Name

Agglutination Techniques Enzyme Immunoassay Techniques Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay Radioimmunoassay Colorimetric reactions Marquis reagent (sulphuric acid, formaldehyde) Cobalt thiocyanate Thin Layer Chromatography High/Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography High Performance Liquid Chromatography with diode array detection Gas Chromatography NPD Gas Chromatography FID Gas Chromatography ECD Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry Spectrophotometry (visible, UV) Others (specify) NMR Microcrystal test Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

  • 2013/2-BS
  • Copyright (c) 2014 UNODC

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INTERNATIONAL QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMME (IQAP)
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE EXERCISES (ICE)

Sample 1 Analysis

Identified substances for Test Sample 1

  • Code
  • Identified Substances

0M000K 1141EE 1QGKQ2 1WETGW 2EBBHO 2KCYAI 46IBBF
4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) 2C-B 4-BROMO-2,5-DIMETHOXYPHENETHYLAMINE 2CB 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine 2C-B 2CB
8DVTCL 9XZBR7 BLIJKY
4 bromo 2,5 dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) 4-Bromo-2,5- dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) 2C-B
D4DPHG DT7ISD EJ2CHZ FBENZD G77E4Y GDND33 GGVBC9 H3JJHS IM1DVM JEJOYK LJFPOP LLJIXJ
4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) 2C-B 2C-B 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine 4-Bromo-2,3-dimethoxyphenetylamine (2C-B) 2C-B no drugs 2C-B 2-CB 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine 2C-B
LRZE2T NNNNNT OQD7DK QGLOM0 RWEVZ2 SYYXMI UMKJAA UNFSFL V4Q444 VOG5LQ W7ETOR YJJ4JB
4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) pentedrone, 2 CB METANFETAMINA 2C-B 2 CB 2C-B 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) 2C-B, 6-Monoacetylmorphine none 2C-B ephedrine 2-CB

  • Z4FFXF
  • 2C-D

  • 2013/2-BS
  • Copyright (c) 2014 UNODC

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INTERNATIONAL QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMME (IQAP)
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE EXERCISES (ICE)

Statement of findings for Test Sample 1

4-Bromo-2,5- dimethoxyphenethy lamine (2C-B)

Code

0M000K

+

The sample contains 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B)
0VK4JU

0X49WT 1141EE 1QGKQ2 1WETGW 2EBBHO 2KCYAI 2LL22V

ANP
-+

Sample containing 2C-B

++

2Cb is a controlled narcotic (illegal).

+

DPR 309/90

+

2C-B was detected, this indicate that 2C-B was consumed

ANP

3SSSXP 46IBBF

ANP
+

Analytical Adverse Finding for 2CB in the sample.
4NPU45

8DVTCL

ANP
+

2C-B is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. 2C-B is sold as a white powder sometimes pressed in tablet or gel caps. The drug is usually taken orally but can also be insufflated or vaporized. 2 C-B is a controlled narcotic in France

9XZBR7

BHOY6O BLIJKY

+

Urine sample was positive in 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B)

ANP
+

-

  • 2013/2-BS
  • Copyright (c) 2014 UNODC

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INTERNATIONAL QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMME (IQAP)
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE EXERCISES (ICE)

4-Bromo-2,5- dimethoxyphenethy lamine (2C-B)

Code

BLSRL6

-

no drugs found
BT0LUQ

D4DPHG DT7ISD E72F2D EJ2CHZ F7F96F FBENZD G77E4Y GAISIJ

ANP
+

4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) was detected.

+++

This person consumed 2C-B.

ANP

On analysis, no drug was found in the sample 2013/2/BS-1

+

Sample is positive for 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B)

+

4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine

ANP

No se detectó
GDND33

GGVBC9 GH06SE H3JJHS IM1DVM JEJOYK JG8ZIW

+

As analytical standard was not available, quantification was not performed.

+

Consumption of 2C-B.

ANP

caffeine

ANP
++

BS1 positive for 2-CB

ANP

None detected for controlled substances

  • 2013/2-BS
  • Copyright (c) 2014 UNODC

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INTERNATIONAL QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMME (IQAP)
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE EXERCISES (ICE)

4-Bromo-2,5- dimethoxyphenethy lamine (2C-B)

Code

JU0000

ANP ANP ANP
+

KVSKNU KZ1811 LJFPOP LLJIXJ non è stata quantificata perché non abbiamo standard

+

LRZE2T MPEEAM NNNNNT OO55M5 OQD7DK PP8BHL Q8883N QGLOM0 QPMKNP RU1E3P

+ANP
+

controlled substances

ANP

Negative

-

LA MUESTRA DE ORINA LIOFILIZADA CONTIENE METANFETAMINA

ANP ANP

No hubo consumo de las drogas analizadas en cantidades detectables por las tecnicas empleadas.

+ANP

No drugs detected in BS1

ANP

Analysis of test sample B2013/2/BS-1 utilizing an eight (8) panel presumptive immunochemical technique did not indicate the presence of drugs.

RWEVZ2

SYYXMI

+

Absorption of 2 CB Comment : In BS1, presence of a physiologic concentration of GHB (412 ng/ml)

+

screening and confirm by GC-MS: positive

  • 2013/2-BS
  • Copyright (c) 2014 UNODC

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INTERNATIONAL QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMME (IQAP)
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE EXERCISES (ICE)

4-Bromo-2,5- dimethoxyphenethy lamine (2C-B)

Code

TEYUEO

ANP

Test sample 2013/2/BS-1 does not contain controlled drugs for the tests performed, therefore Negative.

TF2GTH

U8WWWW UMKJAA UNFSFL V4Q444 VDXO2T VOG5LQ W7ETOR XJJRJO YJJ4JB

ANP ANP
+

Urine sample positive for 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B)

+-

none

-+ANP

Ephedrine

ANP

No drug was detected in sample

+

It indicates the intake of 2-CB
Z4FFXF

ANP

  • 2013/2-BS
  • Copyright (c) 2014 UNODC

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INTERNATIONAL QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMME (IQAP)
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE EXERCISES (ICE)

Identification methods for Test Sample 1
Legend:

  • S ... used for Screening
  • I ... used for Identification

SI ... used for both

Analytical Technique Codes

100 110 120 140 150 161 170 180 230 231 210

Code

  • 0M000K
  • SI
  • I
  • Multi-Drug Screen Test

Panel

0VK4JU 0X49WT 1141EE 1QGKQ2 1WETGW 2EBBHO 2KCYAI 2LL22V 3SSSXP 46IBBF
I

  • I
  • SI

SI
II
SI

  • SI
  • I

I
SI S
II

  • S
  • I
  • S Lateral Flow Immunoassay

  • S
  • I

ISI I
SI
4NPU45 8DVTCL 9XZBR7 BHOY6O BLIJKY
SSS

  • I
  • I

SI

  • I
  • S

S
SI

  • I
  • BLSRL6

BT0LUQ D4DPHG DT7ISD E72F2D EJ2CHZ F7F96F FBENZD G77E4Y
S
I
SI

  • I
  • I
  • Q-TOF

SSS

  • SI
  • I

II
I

I
I
SS

  • S
  • I
  • I

  • I
  • I
  • SI Kinetics Interactions of

Microparticles

  • GAISIJ
  • S

GDND33 GGVBC9 GH06SE H3JJHS IM1DVM JEJOYK JG8ZIW

  • S
  • I

IIII
SSI S
II
I
SSS
I
SI

  • 2013/2-BS
  • Copyright (c) 2014 UNODC

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INTERNATIONAL QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMME (IQAP)
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE EXERCISES (ICE)

100 110 120 140 150 161 170 180 230 231 210

Code

  • JU0000
  • SI

  • S
  • KVSKNU

KZ1811 LJFPOP LLJIXJ
I

  • I
  • S
  • I

SS
II
LRZE2T MPEEAM NNNNNT OO55M5 OQD7DK PP8BHL Q8883N QGLOM0 QPMKNP RU1E3P RWEVZ2 SYYXMI TEYUEO TF2GTH
SI SI

  • I
  • I
  • I

ISI

  • I
  • S

SS
II

  • SI
  • S Randox

  • S
  • SI

I
SI
SSS

  • I
  • I

SI

  • I
  • I
  • S Drug Test Kit

SS
I
U8WWW W
I
UMKJAA UNFSFL V4Q444 VDXO2T VOG5LQ W7ETOR XJJRJO YJJ4JB

  • S
  • SI

  • I
  • S

SS
II
II
I
I

I
I

  • SI
  • SI

S DIPRO DRUGLAB SCREEN
SS
I

  • I
  • SI

  • 2013/2-BS
  • Copyright (c) 2014 UNODC

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INTERNATIONAL QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMME (IQAP)
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATIVE EXERCISES (ICE)

Summary for BS-1

The response summary of all 62 participating laboratories for the identification of BS-1, frequency of use of screening and identification techniques and false positives and negatives:
Identification of BS-1:

Response Summary

Participants: 62

4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B):
31

False positives for Test Sample 1

Code
Name

Technique

NNNNNT Pentedrone

180

  • RWEVZ2
  • GHB
  • 161/180

Z4FFXF

OQD7DK UNFSFL

  • 2C-D
  • 180

180

R

Metamfetamine

s:

6-Monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) 180/231

  • W7ETOR Ephedrine
  • 150

False negatives for BS-1 (techinque(s) used)

Code - OX49WT (161/180), BLSRL6 (110/180),OQD7DK (110/180)
V4Q444 (150/180), VDXO2T (161/180)

There were 25 false negative results where analysis for 2C-B was not performed

Frequency of use of screening and identification techniques:

Response Summary

Response Summary

Response Summary

Participants: 54

Participants: 62

Participants: 61

  • 100
  • 110

110
120
120

  • 140
  • 150
  • 161
  • 170
  • 180
  • 230
  • 231

231
210

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  • AGENDA Friday, September 9, 2016 7:00 A.M

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    Needham Board of Health AGENDA Friday, September 9, 2016 7:00 a.m. – 9:00 a.m. Charles River Room – Public Services Administration Building 500 Dedham Avenue, Needham MA 02492 • 7:00 to 7:05 - Welcome & Review of Minutes (July 29 & August 29) • 7:05 to 7:30 - Director and Staff Reports (July & August) • 7:30 to 7:45 - Discussion about Proposed Plastic Bag Ban Christopher Thomas, Needham Resident • 7:45 to 7:50 - Off-Street Drainage Bond Discussion & Vote • 7:50 to 8:00 - Update on Wingate Pool Variance Application * * * * * * * * * * * * * Board of Health Public Hearing • 8:00 to 8:40 - Hearing for Proposed New or Amended BOH Regulations o Body Art o Synthetic Marijuana o Drug Paraphernalia • 8:40 to 8:50 - Board Discussion of Policy Positions • Other Items (Healthy Aging, Water Quality) • Next Meeting Scheduled for Friday October 14, 2016 • Adjournment (Please note that all times are approximate) 1471 Highland Avenue, Needham, MA 02492 781-455-7500 ext 511 (tel); 781-455-0892 (fax) E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.needhamma.gov/health NEEDHAM BOARD OF HEALTH July 29, 2016 MEETING MINUTES PRESENT: Edward V. Cosgrove, PhD, Chair, Jane Fogg, Vice-Chair, M.D., and Stephen Epstein, M.D STAFF: Timothy McDonald, Director, Donna Carmichael, Catherine Delano, Maryanne Dinell, Tara Gurge GUEST: Kevin Mulkern, Aquaknot Pools, Inc., Keith Mulkern, Aquaknot Pools, Inc., David Friedman, Wingate, Paul Humphreys, Michael Tomasello, Callahan, Inc. CONVENE: 7:00 a.m. – Public Services Administration Building (PSAB), 500 Dedham Avenue, Needham MA 02492 DISCUSSION: Call To Order – 7:06 a.m. – Dr. Cosgrove, Chairman APPROVE MINUTES: Upon motion duly made and seconded, the minutes of the BOH meeting of June 17, 2016 were approved as submitted.
  • Application of High Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Screening and Confirmation of Novel Psychoactive Substances Joshua Zolton Seither Jseit005@Fiu.Edu

    Application of High Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Screening and Confirmation of Novel Psychoactive Substances Joshua Zolton Seither [email protected]

    Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 4-25-2018 Application of High Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Screening and Confirmation of Novel Psychoactive Substances Joshua Zolton Seither [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FIDC006565 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Seither, Joshua Zolton, "Application of High Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Screening and Confirmation of Novel Psychoactive Substances" (2018). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3823. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3823 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida APPLICATION OF HIGH RESOLUTION MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR THE SCREENING AND CONFIRMATION OF NOVEL PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in CHEMISTRY by Joshua Zolton Seither 2018 To: Dean Michael R. Heithaus College of Arts, Sciences and Education This dissertation, written by Joshua Zolton Seither, and entitled Application of High- Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Screening and Confirmation of Novel Psychoactive Substances, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. _______________________________________ Piero Gardinali _______________________________________ Bruce McCord _______________________________________ DeEtta Mills _______________________________________ Stanislaw Wnuk _______________________________________ Anthony DeCaprio, Major Professor Date of Defense: April 25, 2018 The dissertation of Joshua Zolton Seither is approved.
  • Written Witness Statement for U.S. Sentencing Commission's Public

    Written Witness Statement for U.S. Sentencing Commission's Public

    STATEMENT OF TERRENCE L. BOOS, PH.D. SECTION CHIEF DRUG AND CHEMICAL EVALUATION SECTION DIVERSION CONTROL DIVISION DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION and CASSANDRA PRIOLEAU, PH.D. DRUG SCIENCE SPECIALIST DRUG AND CHEMICAL EVALUATION SECTION DIVERSION CONTROL DIVISION DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION - - - BEFORE THE UNITED STATES SENTENCING COMMISSION - - - HEARING ON SENTENCING POLICY FOR SYNTHETIC DRUGS - - - OCTOBER 4, 2017 WASHINGTON, D.C. 1 Introduction New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) are substances trafficked as alternatives to well- studied controlled substances of abuse. NPS have demonstrated adverse health effects such as paranoia, psychosis, and seizures to name a few. Cathinones, cannabinoids, and fentanyl-related substances are the most common NPS drug classes encountered on the illicit drug market, all with negative consequences for the user to include serious injury and death. Our early experience saw substances being introduced from past research efforts in an attempt to evade controls. This has evolved to NPS manufacturers structurally altering substances at a rapid pace with unknown outcomes to targeting specific user populations. These substances represent an unprecedented level of diversity and consequences. Due to clandestine manufacture and unscrupulous trafficking, the user is at great risk. A misconception exists that these substances carry a lower risk of harm In reality, published reports from law enforcement, emergency room physicians and scientists, accompanied with autopsies from medical examiners, have clearly demonstrated the harmful and potentially deadly consequences of using synthetic cathinones. These substances are introduced in an attempt to circumvent drug controls and the recent flood of NPS remains a challenge for law enforcement and public health. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime reported over 700 NPS encountered.1 The manufacturers and traffickers make minor changes in the chemical structure of known substances of abuse and maintain the pharmacological effect.
  • Federal Register/Vol. 82, No. 7/Wednesday, January 11, 2017

    Federal Register/Vol. 82, No. 7/Wednesday, January 11, 2017

    3326 Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 7 / Wednesday, January 11, 2017 / Notices is responsible for oversight and DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND such as medical information, your or implementation of the MSP provisions HUMAN SERVICES anyone else’s Social Security number, or as part of its overall authority for the confidential business information, such Medicare program. The CMS Food and Drug Administration as a manufacturing process. Please note accomplishes this through a [Docket No. FDA–2016–N–4619] that if you include your name, contact combination of direct CMS action and information, or other information that work by CMS’ contractors. The CMS International Drug Scheduling; identifies you in the body of your efforts include policy and operational Convention on Psychotropic comments, that information will be guidelines, including regulations (as Substances; Single Convention on posted on https://www.regulations.gov. • If you want to submit a comment necessary), as well as oversight over Narcotic Drugs; World Health with confidential information that you contractor MSP responsibilities. As a Organization; Scheduling Recommendations; 4- do not wish to be made available to the result of litigation in the mid-1990’s, public, submit the comment as a certain GHP insurers were mandated to Methylethcathinone and Nine Other Substances; Request for Comments written/paper submission and in the report coverage information for a manner detailed (see ‘‘Written/Paper number of years. Subsequent to this AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, Submissions’’ and ‘‘Instructions’’). litigation related mandatory reporting, HHS. Written/Paper Submissions CMS instituted a Voluntary Data ACTION: Notice. Sharing Agreement (VDSA) effort which Submit written/paper submissions as expanded the scope of the GHP SUMMARY: The Food and Drug follows: • participants and added some NGHP Administration (FDA) is providing Mail/Hand delivery/Courier (for participants.
  • Determination of Cannabinoids, Cathinones, and Synthetic Fentanyls Using Wastewater-Based Epidemiology

    Determination of Cannabinoids, Cathinones, and Synthetic Fentanyls Using Wastewater-Based Epidemiology

    Determination of Cannabinoids, Cathinones, and Synthetic Fentanyls Using Wastewater-Based Epidemiology Catherine O’Rourke and Bikram Subedi Department of Chemistry, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky ABSTRACT ANALYTICAL METHOD RESULTS (Contd.) Develop an analytical method capable of determining a wide An analytical method (UPLC-MS/MS based) capable of determining trace levels of New C1 C2 C3 C4 Psychoactive Substances in wastewater was developed and validated. range of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in wastewater. 20 Optimize sample preparation and instrumental analysis. Opioids Cathinones Determine the prevalence of NPS in four rural Southern Piperizine Indole Illinois communities. 15 Cannabinoid BACKGROUND Unregulated new narcotics or psychoactive substances (NPS) Wastewater Treatment Plant Certified Amber Centrifuge 10 are created to have similar effects of established prescribed and Glass Bottle illicit drugs.1 5 NPS are often more potent than established abused drugs. For instance, carfentanil is ~100 folds more potent than fentanyl and ~10,000 folds more powerful than morphine.1 Mass Loading (mg/d/1000 people) 0 The prevalence of substance use in a community is typically 5IT determined based on forensic evidence, criminal statistics, mCPP Solvent Evaporator Solid Phase Extractor Vacuum Filtration (1 µm) MMMP self-report surveys, and hospital reports, causing an Carfentanil Figure 1. Schematic of sample preparation Methcathinone underestimation of the drug consumption and a delay between Furanyl Fentanyl MAB-CHMINACA a drug outbreak and intervention of law enforcement.2-4 4-Methyl Pentedrone Methoxyacetyl Fentanyl In the U.S., the total forensic identifications of NPS tripled RESULTS Figure 3. Prevalence of NPS in four rural Southern Illinois Counties 5 from 2016 (684) to 2019 (2023).
  • Characterization of Hepatotoxicity Mechanisms Triggered by Designer Cathinone Drugs

    Characterization of Hepatotoxicity Mechanisms Triggered by Designer Cathinone Drugs

    ToxSci Advance Access published July 3, 2016 TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 2016, 1–14 doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw105 Advance Access Publication Date: June 2, 2016 Research article Characterization of Hepatotoxicity Mechanisms Triggered by Designer Cathinone Drugs (b-Keto Amphetamines) Maria Joao~ Valente,* Ana Margarida Araujo,* Maria de Lourdes Bastos,* † Eduarda Fernandes, Fe´lix Carvalho,* Paula Guedes de Pinho,* Downloaded from Marcia Carvalho*,‡,1 *UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; †UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; and ‡FP-ENAS, CEBIMED, Fundac¸ao~ Ensino e Cultura Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/ 1To whom correspondence should be addressed at FP-ENAS, CEBIMED, Fundac¸ao~ Ensino e Cultura Fernando Pessoa, PrauˆI¨a 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal. Fax: +351 225074630. E-mail address: [email protected]. ABSTRACT The use of cathinone designer drugs in recreational settings has been associated with severe toxic effects, including liver damage. The precise mechanisms by which cathinones induce hepatotoxicity and whether they act by common pathways remain to be elucidated. Herein, we assessed the toxicity of the cathinones methylone, pentedrone, 3,4- by guest on July 4, 2016 methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and 4-methylethcathinone (4-MEC) in primary rat hepatocytes (PRH) and HepaRG cells, and compared with that of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). MDPV and pentedrone were significantly more toxic than MDMA, while methylone was the least cytotoxic compound. Importantly, PRH revealed to be the most sensitive experimental model and was thus used to explore the mechanisms underlying the observed toxicity.
  • LJMU Research Online

    LJMU Research Online

    LJMU Research Online Brunt, TM, Atkinson, AM, Nefau, T, Martinez, M, Lahaie, E, Malzcewski, A, Pazitny, M, Belackova, V and Brandt, SD Online test purchased new psychoactive substances in 5 different European countries; a snapshot study of chemical composition and price http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/6048/ Article Citation (please note it is advisable to refer to the publisher’s version if you intend to cite from this work) Brunt, TM, Atkinson, AM, Nefau, T, Martinez, M, Lahaie, E, Malzcewski, A, Pazitny, M, Belackova, V and Brandt, SD (2017) Online test purchased new psychoactive substances in 5 different European countries; a snapshot study of chemical composition and price. International Journal of Drug LJMU has developed LJMU Research Online for users to access the research output of the University more effectively. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LJMU Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of the record. Please see the repository URL above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. For more information please contact [email protected] http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/ Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for International Journal of Drug Policy Manuscript Draft Manuscript Number: DRUGPO-D-16-359R2 Title: Online test purchased new psychoactive substances in 5 different European countries; a snapshot study of chemical composition and price Article Type: Research Paper Keywords: webshops; NPS; purity; price; chemical analysis; European Union Corresponding Author: Dr.