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Social Studies 20-1 Related Issue #1 - To what extent should nation be the foundation of identity?

Chapter 2: Shaping Nationalism Chapter Issue: To what extent do external and internal factors shape nationalism?

*What are some factors that shape nationalism? *How have people responded to some factors that shape nationalism? *How have people in Canada responded to some factors that shape nationalism?

Name: ______

Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT Chapter 2: Shaping Nationalism: Chapter Issue: How do external and internal factors shape nationalism?

What Are Some Factors That Shape Nationalism? (Pages 44-53) Begin by looking at the picture, Figure 2-1 on page 42. Also examine the sources on pages 44/45 and read the subsequent items throughout chapter 2.

The Many historians believe that the French Revolution, which started in 1789, was an important turning point in the history of European nationalism.

Revolutions like the one in France change the way people think about themselves and their national identity.

These changes are often shaped by external factors - outside events and ideas. These external factors can be historical, social, economic, geographic, and political. And all of these external factors influence each other - they do not exist in isolation - not one can stand alone.

We will read about the five external factors that help shape nationalism on pages 44 to page 53. Under each heading below, please jot down some important points and examples that you feel how each of these factors influence nationalism. Then, make a comparison to how these factors influence nationalism in Canada.

The glue that often holds a nation together is made up of shared memories. Perhaps of friendship, kindness, acceptance, belonging, support, sacrifice, courage, struggle and success. The people of France developed a collective consciousness that grew out of their shared memory of or shared pride in specific events. It is especially significant if people were involved in the event like the .

COMPLETE THE TWO FOLLOWING CHARTS LOCATED IN THE NEXT FEW PAGES - THESE CAN BE COMPLETED POINT FORM…….

Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT Causes of the French Revolution Before the French Revolution, great inequalities existed in French society.

1. An unjust estate / class system The first estate — the clergy and king had all the power and controlled all aspects of life the second estate — the nobility were given power by the king did not pay taxes enjoyed a good life financed by the king the third estate – the commoners, included peasants, business people, bankers, and civil servants paid most of the taxes.

2. An unfair tax system Peasants paid fees, taxes, and dues that supported the lavish lifestyles of the clergy, nobility, and monarchy.

3. Privileges of the nobility The nobility imposed and received taxes expected labour and service for free could hunt whenever and wherever they liked.

4. Poverty of the peasants The amount of taxes that the peasants were paying was increasing.

5. The monarchy’s outrageous spending habits The monarchy was spending large sums of money on parties, fashion, art. etc. The country was going into debt.

6. Feudal system A system that divided land into estates owned by a few wealthy landlords and the church was now perceived as unfair.

7. New ideas , , Rousseau and Locke all wrote of a better, more equal society. Philosophers supported a general rejection of traditional authorities. The idea of democracy was becoming popular; absolutism seemed out of fashion and people wanted a political system in which the will of the majority of people ruled.

8. Important events taking place in other countries England forms a limited monarchy after the Glorious Revolution in 1688. The thirteen British colonies in North America would soon declare their independence from the monarchy of England, becoming the first republic or the first government in the world to not be run by a monarchy in 1776, (The United States of America).

Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT 5Ws+H Chart - The Storming the Bastille

WHO?

WHAT?

WHEN?

WHERE?

WHY?

HOW?

The fact that the Bastille contained no political prisoners at that time has not affected its status as a symbol of French nationalism. Does this matter? Explain your answer.

What aspects of the storming of the Bastille made this event so important? Why?

Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT *In Column 1 of the chart below, make notes on each of the factors that shaped nationalism. So I should basically see a definition that's been written in your own words. *In Column 2 of the chart, explain how each factor shaped French Nationalism. Essentially these will be “examples” of each factor that you defined in Column 1. Definition of FACTOR How it Shaped French Nationalism? Column 1 Column 2

HISTORICAL:

SOCIAL:

ECONOMIC:

GEOGRAPHIC:

POLITICAL:

Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT French Revolution - Government National Assembly (1789-1792) Republicans *radicals *originally small in number *wanted monarchy abolished

Moderates *bourgeoisie *wanted to abolish serfdom *wanted tax only on income *wanted rule of law *wanted constitutional monarchy *wanted rights of man

Aristocracy *nobles *feared violence *wanted to abolish feudalism *wanted to keep feudal obligations such as seigneurial dues from rent on property *wanted to keep private property

National Convention (1792-1795) *radical *from urban centers *wanted a centralized government *wanted to abolish private property *wanted the King executed

Girondins *moderate *wanted a decentralized government *wanted strict adherence to constitution *wanted respect for private property *from rural areas *wanted clemency for Louis XVI

Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT *moderate; large group in the political centre *uncommitted on most issues *usually joined forces with the

The Directory (1795-1799) Directors *held executive power *there were five directors *were chosen by the Council of Elders from a list submitted by the Council of Five Hundred

Council of Five Hundred *introduced legislation *members were elected *elections held every spring with one-third of the council seeking reelection each year

Council of Elders *250 members *approved or disapproved legislation *members were elected *elections held every spring with one-third of the group seeking reelection each year

View the following YouTube clips to help you with further research on the French Revolution:

French Revolution-Part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fv1mEd_I-_E French Revolution-Part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0t4MF9ZoppM French Revolution-Part 3: http://www.youtube.com/watchv=BZmtnCqTWik&feature=relmfu

Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT Changes in France because of the French Revolution.....

Topic Description Under Description during the Old Regime the French Revolution

Feudal - feudal dues to aristocracy - abolished Obligations - seigneurial dues for rent - abolished then property rents were reintroduced - serfdom - abolished - aristocrats exempt from - aristocrats would now taxes pay taxes - Church tithe - abolished, peasants would pay rent for use of Church property

Church Lands - Church controlled 10% of - lands nationalized by land in France state - Church provided - state would assume education, orphanages, social services and relief for people

Clergy - totally controlled by - Civil Constitution of the Church Clergy - loyalty to the Pope in - clergy under state control Rome - clergy elected by people, paid by state - clergy swore oath to Civil Constitution - Church parishes reorganized under state control

Government - country organized into - France reorganized into Administration provinces 83 departments - controlled by intendants - controlled by elected - courts appointed by officials - appointed - replaced by a unified by king system of courts - court officials elected

Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT French Nationalism

Item Explain how this created French nationalism! Tricolour Insignia - three colours, blue, white, and red - became the French flag, a nationalistic symbol - provided citizens with occupations - entire society mobilized for war - all men aged 18-25 went into the army Levee en Masse - women make clothing and tents for soldiers - older men produced war material - women worked in hospitals - propaganda fueled the war machine and nationalism French - unique to France Revolutionary - invented by the French Calendar - special Revolutionary Day - based on French climate French Army - citizen army - loyal to state, not to the king - officers commissioned on basis of merit, not birth - wars against other European powers to protect the new French state - National guard replaces Swiss guard - individuals addressed as “citizen” Republic of Virtue - costumes of the Old Regime gone - introduction of - attack on enemies of the republic

Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT Events of the French Revolution 17th June, 1789 - Formation of the National Assembly by the 3rd Estate. Significance: ______20th June, 1789 - Significance: ______14th July, 1789 - Fall of the Bastille Significance: ______20th July to August, 1789 - Significance: ______26th August, 1789 - Declaration of Rights of Man Significance: ______5th October 1789, 1789 - Women march on Versailles Significance: ______

Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT 3rd November, 1789 - nationalization of Church lands (most radical event of early stages of French Revolution) Significance: ______12th July, 1790 - Civil Constitution of the Clergy Significance: ______20th June, 1791 - Royal family attempts to flee Significance: ______1st October, 1791 - Legislative Assembly meets for first time Significance: ______April 21st, 1792 - France declares war on Austria Significance: ______

Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT KEY Dates: 2nd Phase of the French Revolution begins..... August 10, 1792 - mob storms the Significance: ______September, 1792 - Significance: ______September 21st, 1792 - Formation of the Significance: ______Three distinct groups of the National Convention “The Girondins” Leaders? ______and ______Favored: ______Who supported them? ______What did they want to do with Louis XVI? ______

Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT “The Jacobins” Leaders? ______and ______. Favored: ______Who supported them? ______What did they want to do with Louis XVI? ______

Which other group was in the middle? ______Which group above did they support most often? ______

January 14, 1793 - Louis XVI is executed Significance: ______April 1793 - Law of Maximum Significance: ______April 1793 - Committe of Public Safety Significance: ______

Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT July 1793 - Robespierre is head of Committee of Public Safety which begins... The Significance: ______July 28, 1794 - Robespierre is executed The Significance: ______

How Have People Responded to Some Factors That Shape Nationalism? (Pages 56-58) If a Canadian does something that is good, such as an athlete, a community leader, a musician, or an actor, do you take pride in their achievements and does it inspire you to fell a greater sense of national identity and pride. If this is the case, it means you have internalized your feelings of nationalism.

The glue that holds a community or a nation together is often made up of shared memories: memories of friendship, kindness, acceptance, belonging, support, sacrifice, courage, and success. Events such as the storming of the Bastille become symbols because they help people share a sense of belonging to a nation. People also develop other symbols that help them share a sense of belonging. Shortly after the Bastille was stormed, for example, the started wearing red, white, and blue cockades, or badges, to identify themselves as revolutionaries. This cockade became such a powerful symbol that its colours were later chosen for the French flag.

Immigration of Muslims to France though out the 20th century has changed and affected the glue that holds France together. Some people began to suggest that the country’s Muslim minority was threatening the French national identity. In recent years, the country has passed strict laws governing who can — and cannot — become a citizen. In 2004, another law came into effect after heated debate. It forbids the wearing of “conspicuous” religious apparel in state schools. The banned items include Jewish yarmulkes, Sikh turbans, large Christian crosses, and Muslim headscarves.

Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT Story and Nationalism in the United States Stories like the storming of the Bastille inform people of their roots, help shape their identity, and remind them of what they are capable of achieving. In the United States, for example, many Americans view the story of the Boston Tea Party of 1773 as a defining moment in their national history. In 1773, Britain controlled 13 colonies along what is today the eastern seaboard of the United States. Like France during the 18th century, Britain had spent a lot of money on wars — and King George III and the British Parliament wanted to recover some of the costs. One of their strategies was to raise taxes in the American colonies. They also planned to be stricter about collecting existing taxes. These plans angered many colonists. They had no say in the way they were taxed because they did not elect representatives to the British Parliament. As a result, they said that Parliament had no right to tax them, and one of their slogans became “No taxation without representation.” Facing this strong opposition, the British backed away from many of their taxation plans.

The Boston Tea Party The British still needed money. So in 1773, Parliament decided to get around the colonists’ objections by changing the way tea was taxed. They believed that the colonists would agree to pay this tax rather than go without tea, which was a very popular drink. But the colonists surprised them. When three ships loaded with tea arrived in Boston, some of the colonists disguised themselves as American Indians, forced their way onto the ships, and dumped the tea into the harbour. At the time, tea was very expensive, and the colonists’ action cost British merchants a great deal of money. The British responded by shutting down the port of Boston so that no ships could come or go. This incident is often identified as the spark that started the American Revolution, a violent conflict that led to the creation of an independent United States. Awareness of this story sets a tone for Americans. It supports their vision of themselves as a freedom-loving people who will not tolerate tyranny.

Would you consider this to be the USA creation story like Vimy Ridge has been described for Canada? Any other stories you would consider for the USA?

Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT How Have People in Canada Responded to Some Factors That Shape Nationalism? (Pages 59-63) Like others Canadians respond to national myths that give them a sense of who they are. One myth that is a part of the Canadian collective consciousness is the story of the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway. John A. Macdonald dreamed of an iron road that would link the country from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean. The CPR played a key role in creating a country that extended from sea to sea. British Columbia joined Confederation in 1871 because of Macdonald’s promise to connect the CPR to BC.

Challenging Canadian Myths (page 60) At the beginning of the 20th century, people of British heritage formed the dominant cultural group in Canada. The background of more than half the population of Canada was British and British history was taught in schools. Canada had no FLAG of its own so the British flag was used. As a result, many of Canada’s stories were shaped by people whose world view was British. Immigrants from non-British countries, Francophones, and Aboriginal people began to tell their own stories and histories. As they affirmed their identities, they challenged the idea that Canada was British. They also challenged some of the myths that had become part of Canada’s collective consciousness.

Read about Victoria Callihoo, The Metis Queen Victoria on page 60.

Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT Some Perspectives on Nationalism within Canada First Nations and Métis Inuit Québécois

Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT Please answer the following questions: 1. Which "Factor of Nationalism" do you believe best explains Canadian Nationalism? ______

______

2. Which "Factor of Nationalism" do you believe best explains one or all aboriginal groups pursuit of nationalism? ______

Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT 3. Which "Factor of Nationalism" do you believe best explains Quebec's pursuit of Nationalism? ______

______

4. Which "Factor of Nationalism" do you believe best explains the USA’s pursuit of Nationalism? ______

Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT