Social Studies 20-1 Related Issue #1 - To what extent should nation be the foundation of identity? Chapter 2: Shaping Nationalism Chapter Issue: To what extent do external and internal factors shape nationalism? *What are some factors that shape nationalism? *How have people responded to some factors that shape nationalism? *How have people in Canada responded to some factors that shape nationalism? Name: __________________________________________________________________ Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT Chapter 2: Shaping Nationalism: Chapter Issue: How do external and internal factors shape nationalism? What Are Some Factors That Shape Nationalism? (Pages 44-53) Begin by looking at the picture, Figure 2-1 on page 42. Also examine the sources on pages 44/45 and read the subsequent items throughout chapter 2. The French Revolution Many historians believe that the French Revolution, which started in 1789, was an important turning point in the history of European nationalism. Revolutions like the one in France change the way people think about themselves and their national identity. These changes are often shaped by external factors - outside events and ideas. These external factors can be historical, social, economic, geographic, and political. And all of these external factors influence each other - they do not exist in isolation - not one can stand alone. We will read about the five external factors that help shape nationalism on pages 44 to page 53. Under each heading below, please jot down some important points and examples that you feel how each of these factors influence nationalism. Then, make a comparison to how these factors influence nationalism in Canada. The glue that often holds a nation together is made up of shared memories. Perhaps of friendship, kindness, acceptance, belonging, support, sacrifice, courage, struggle and success. The people of France developed a collective consciousness that grew out of their shared memory of or shared pride in specific events. It is especially significant if people were involved in the event like the Storming of the Bastille. COMPLETE THE TWO FOLLOWING CHARTS LOCATED IN THE NEXT FEW PAGES - THESE CAN BE COMPLETED POINT FORM……. Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT Causes of the French Revolution Before the French Revolution, great inequalities existed in French society. 1. An unjust estate / class system The first estate — the clergy and king had all the power and controlled all aspects of life the second estate — the nobility were given power by the king did not pay taxes enjoyed a good life financed by the king the third estate – the commoners, included peasants, business people, bankers, and civil servants paid most of the taxes. 2. An unfair tax system Peasants paid fees, taxes, and dues that supported the lavish lifestyles of the clergy, nobility, and monarchy. 3. Privileges of the nobility The nobility imposed and received taxes expected labour and service for free could hunt whenever and wherever they liked. 4. Poverty of the peasants The amount of taxes that the peasants were paying was increasing. 5. The monarchy’s outrageous spending habits The monarchy was spending large sums of money on parties, fashion, art. etc. The country was going into debt. 6. Feudal system A system that divided land into estates owned by a few wealthy landlords and the church was now perceived as unfair. 7. New ideas Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau and Locke all wrote of a better, more equal society. Philosophers supported a general rejection of traditional authorities. The idea of democracy was becoming popular; absolutism seemed out of fashion and people wanted a political system in which the will of the majority of people ruled. 8. Important events taking place in other countries England forms a limited monarchy after the Glorious Revolution in 1688. The thirteen British colonies in North America would soon declare their independence from the monarchy of England, becoming the first republic or the first government in the world to not be run by a monarchy in 1776, (The United States of America). Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT 5Ws+H Chart - The Storming the Bastille WHO? WHAT? WHEN? WHERE? WHY? HOW? The fact that the Bastille contained no political prisoners at that time has not affected its status as a symbol of French nationalism. Does this matter? Explain your answer. What aspects of the storming of the Bastille made this event so important? Why? Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT *In Column 1 of the chart below, make notes on each of the factors that shaped nationalism. So I should basically see a definition that's been written in your own words. *In Column 2 of the chart, explain how each factor shaped French Nationalism. Essentially these will be “examples” of each factor that you defined in Column 1. Definition of FACTOR How it Shaped French Nationalism? Column 1 Column 2 HISTORICAL: SOCIAL: ECONOMIC: GEOGRAPHIC: POLITICAL: Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT French Revolution - Revolutionary Government National Assembly (1789-1792) Republicans *radicals *originally small in number *wanted monarchy abolished Moderates *bourgeoisie *wanted to abolish serfdom *wanted tax only on income *wanted rule of law *wanted constitutional monarchy *wanted rights of man Aristocracy *nobles *feared violence *wanted to abolish feudalism *wanted to keep feudal obligations such as seigneurial dues from rent on property *wanted to keep private property National Convention (1792-1795) Jacobins *radical *from urban centers *wanted a centralized government *wanted to abolish private property *wanted the King executed Girondins *moderate *wanted a decentralized government *wanted strict adherence to constitution *wanted respect for private property *from rural areas *wanted clemency for Louis XVI Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT The Plain *moderate; large group in the political centre *uncommitted on most issues *usually joined forces with the Girondins The Directory (1795-1799) Directors *held executive power *there were five directors *were chosen by the Council of Elders from a list submitted by the Council of Five Hundred Council of Five Hundred *introduced legislation *members were elected *elections held every spring with one-third of the council seeking reelection each year Council of Elders *250 members *approved or disapproved legislation *members were elected *elections held every spring with one-third of the group seeking reelection each year View the following YouTube clips to help you with further research on the French Revolution: French Revolution-Part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fv1mEd_I-_E French Revolution-Part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0t4MF9ZoppM French Revolution-Part 3: http://www.youtube.com/watchv=BZmtnCqTWik&feature=relmfu Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT Changes in France because of the French Revolution..... Topic Description Under Description during the Old Regime the French Revolution Feudal - feudal dues to aristocracy - abolished Obligations - seigneurial dues for rent - abolished then property rents were reintroduced - serfdom - abolished - aristocrats exempt from - aristocrats would now taxes pay taxes - Church tithe - abolished, peasants would pay rent for use of Church property Church Lands - Church controlled 10% of - lands nationalized by land in France state - Church provided - state would assume education, orphanages, social services and relief for people Clergy - totally controlled by - Civil Constitution of the Church Clergy - loyalty to the Pope in - clergy under state control Rome - clergy elected by people, paid by state - clergy swore oath to Civil Constitution - Church parishes reorganized under state control Government - country organized into - France reorganized into Administration provinces 83 departments - controlled by intendants - controlled by elected - courts appointed by officials parlements - appointed - replaced by a unified by king system of courts - court officials elected Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT French Nationalism Item Explain how this created French nationalism! Tricolour Insignia - three colours, blue, white, and red - became the French flag, a nationalistic symbol - provided citizens with occupations - entire society mobilized for war - all men aged 18-25 went into the army Levee en Masse - women make clothing and tents for soldiers - older men produced war material - women worked in hospitals - propaganda fueled the war machine and nationalism French - unique to France Revolutionary - invented by the French Calendar - special Revolutionary Day - based on French climate French Army - citizen army - loyal to state, not to the king - officers commissioned on basis of merit, not birth - wars against other European powers to protect the new French state - National guard replaces Swiss guard - individuals addressed as “citizen” Republic of Virtue - costumes of the Old Regime gone - introduction of metric system - attack on enemies of the republic Darcy Owen Tuesday, January 28, 2014 1:35:26 PM MT Events of the French Revolution 17th June, 1789 - Formation of the National Assembly by the 3rd Estate. 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