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TÜRLERİ ÜZERİNDE FAUNİSTİK VE SİSTEMATİK ÇALIŞMALAR Tarık

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TÜRLERİ ÜZERİNDE FAUNİSTİK VE SİSTEMATİK ÇALIŞMALAR Tarık SAKARYA İLİNDE TACHINIDAE (HEXAPODA: DİPTERA) TÜRLERİ ÜZERİNDE FAUNİSTİK VE SİSTEMATİK ÇALIŞMALAR Tarık BALKAN Yüksek Lisans Tezi Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı Danışman Prof. Dr. Kenan KARA 2014 Her hakkı saklıdır T.C. GAZİOSMANPAŞA ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ BİTKİ KORUMA ANABİLİM DALI YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ SAKARYA İLİNDE TACHİNİDAE (HEXAPODA: DİPTERA) TÜRLERİ ÜZERİNDE FAUNİSTİK VE SİSTEMATİK ÇALIŞMALAR Tarık BALKAN TOKAT 2014 Her hakkı saklıdır TEZ BEYANI Tez yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlanan bu tezin yazılmasında bilimsel ahlak kurallarına uyulduğunu, başkalarının eserlerinden yararlanılması durumunda bilimsel normlara uygun olarak atıfta bulunulduğunu, tezin içerdiği yenilik ve sonuçların başka bir yerden alınmadığını, kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir tahrifat yapılmadığını, tezin herhangi bir kısmının bu üniversite veya başka bir üniversitedeki başka bir tez çalışması olarak sunulmadığını beyan ederim. Tarık BALKAN ii ÖZET YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ SAKARYA İLİNDE TACHİNİDAE (HEXAPODA:DİPTERA) TÜRLERİ ÜZERİNDE FAUNİSTİK VE SİSTEMATİK ÇALIŞMALAR Tarık BALKAN Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bitki Koruma Anabilimdalı Danışman: Prof. Dr. Kenan KARA Yapılan bu çalışma ile Sakarya İlindeki Tachinidae (Diptera) faunasının ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için 2012 ve 2013 yıllarında Sakarya ilinde yabancı otlar üzerinden atrapla toplanan ve kültüre alınmak suretiyle elde edilen tachinidler değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Exoristinae alt familyasından 7 cinse bağlı 8 tür, Tachininae alt familyasından 5 cinse bağlı 5 tür, Dexiinae alt familyasından 2 cinse bağlı 2 tür, Phasiinae alt familyasından 4 cinse bağlı 6 tür saptanmıştır. Teşhis edilen türlerden 2’si Türkiye tachinidae faunası için yeni kayıt niteliğinde olup bunlar Meigenia incana (Fallen, 1810); Exorista civilis (Rondani)’dir. Çalışma sonucunda 21 türün tanıları yapılarak sistematik açıdan önemli vücut parçalarının fotoğrafları çekilmiş, cins ve tür anahtarları oluşturulmuş, sinonimleri, Dünyadaki ve Türkiye’deki dağılışları, konukçuları, varsa biyolojileri hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. 2014. 144 sayfa Anahtar Kelimeler: Tachinidae, Sakarya, Türkiye. iii ABSTRACT MASTER THESIS FAUNISTIC AND SYSTEMATIC STUDIES ON TACHINIDAE (DIPTERA) SPECIES IN SAKARYA PROVINCE OF TURKEY Tarık BALKAN Gaziosmanpasa University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science Department of Plant Protection Supervisor: Prof. Kenan KARA This study was carried out to determinate the Tachinidae fauna of Sakarya province in 2012- 2013. Tachinids were reared from various hosts and collected by sweeping from various herbaceous plants by trap in region. As a result of this study, 7 genera and 8 species belonging to the subfamily of Exoristinae, 5 genera and 5 species belonging to the subfamily of Tachininae, 2 genera and 2 species belonging to the subfamily of Dexiinae, 4 genera and 6 species belonging to the subfamily of Phasiinae were found. Two species among them were recorded for the first time in Turkey. These are Meigenia incana (Fallen, 1810) and Exorista civilis (Rondani). Twenty one species were identified and identification keys including genera and species belonging to the 4 subfamilies were prepared and the photograph of important distinctive morphological features of body parts of the specimens were taken. Some biological aspects, hosts and distributions were also given. 2014. 144 pages Key Words: Tachinidae, Sakarya, Turkey. iv TEŞEKKÜR Tez çalışmamın her aşamasında yardımlarını esirgemeyen danışman hocam Sayın Prof. Dr. Kenan KARA’ya bilgi ve tecrübesi ile tezime katkı sağlayan Yard. Doç. Dr. Turgut ATAY’a, yaşamımın her devresinde olduğu gibi bu çalışmamda da sürekli yanımda olan sevgili aileme yürekten teşekkürler. Tarık BALKAN v İÇİNDEKİLER ÖZET ......................................................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. iv TEŞEKKÜR ............................................................................................................................... v ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ ................................................................................................................. viii ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ ................................................................................................................. viii KISALTMALAR LİSTESİ ....................................................................................................... xi 1.GİRİŞ ...................................................................................................................................... 1 2. LİTERATÜR ÖZETLERİ ...................................................................................................... 3 2.1. Genel Özellikler ............................................................................................................... 3 2.2. Ülkemizdeki Çalışmalar ................................................................................................ 11 2.3. Dünyadaki Çalışmalar ................................................................................................... 18 3. MATERYAL VE METOD .................................................................................................. 22 3.1. Materyal ......................................................................................................................... 22 3.2. Metod ............................................................................................................................. 23 3.2.1. Arazi Çalışmaları .................................................................................................... 23 3.2.2. Laboratuar Çalışmaları ............................................................................................ 23 4. BULGULAR ........................................................................................................................ 24 4. 1. Sakarya İlinden Elde Edilen Tachinidae Familyasına Ait Türlere Ait Teşhis Anahtarı 24 4. 2. Altfamilya EXORISTINAE .......................................................................................... 29 İncelenen Meigenia Türleri İçin Teşhis Anahtarı ............................................................. 29 Meigenia incana (Fallen) .................................................................................................. 29 Meigenia simplex Tschorsnig et Herting .......................................................................... 33 Compsilura concinnata (Meigen) ..................................................................................... 38 İncelenen Exorista Türleri İçin Teşhis Anahtarı ............................................................... 48 Exorista civilis (Rondani) ................................................................................................. 48 Exorista mimula (Meigen) ................................................................................................ 53 Pales pavida (Meigen) ...................................................................................................... 56 vi Sturmia bella (Meigen) ..................................................................................................... 64 Spallanzania hebes (Fallén) .............................................................................................. 69 4.3. Altfamilya TACHININAE ............................................................................................ 73 Tachina magnicornis Zetterstedt ...................................................................................... 73 Peleteria rubescens Robineau-Desvoidy .......................................................................... 77 Nemoraea pellucida (Meigen) .......................................................................................... 81 Linnaemyia comta (Fallén) ............................................................................................... 85 Microphthalma europaea Egger ....................................................................................... 91 4.4. Altfamilya DEXIINAE .................................................................................................. 95 Prosena siberita (Fabricius).............................................................................................. 95 Eriothrix rufomaculatus DeGeer ...................................................................................... 99 4.5. Altfamilya PHASIINAE .............................................................................................. 103 Clytiomya continua (Panzer) ........................................................................................... 103 İncelenen Gymnosoma Türleri İçin Teşhis Anahtarı ...................................................... 108 Gymnosoma clavatum (Rohdendorf), ............................................................................ 108 Gymnosoma rotundatum (Linnaeus) ............................................................................... 114 Gymnosoma desertorum Rohdendorf ............................................................................ 118 Leucostoma abbreviatum Herting ................................................................................... 121 Cylindromyia auriceps Meigen ....................................................................................... 125 5. TARTIŞMA VE SONUÇ ..................................................................................................
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