Alternative and Renewable Fuel and Vehicle Technology Program CENTRAL COAST ALTERNATIVE FUEL VEHICLE READINESS PLAN ENCOMPASSING THE COUNTIES OF VENTURA, SANTA BARBARA, AND SAN LUIS OBISPO Prepared for: California Energy Commission Prepared by: EV Alliance in collaboration with the County of Santa Barbara and the Central Coast Alternative Fuel Vehicle Coordinating Council MAY 2016 CEC- ARV- 13 - 017 Prepared by: Primary Author(s): Richard Schorske EV Alliance under contract to the Long Range Planning Division Planning and Development Department County of Santa Barbara 123 E. Anapamu St. Santa Barbara, CA 93101 Agreement Number: ARV 13-017 Prepared for: California Energy Commission Patrick Brecht Commission Agreement Manager David Lackie Grantee Project Manager Robert P. Oglesby Commission Executive Director i DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as the result of work sponsored by the California Energy Commission. It does not necessarily represent the views of the Energy Commission, its employees or the State of California. The Energy Commission, the State of California, its employees, contractors and subcontractors make no warrant, express or implied, and assume no legal liability for the information in this report; nor does any party represent that the uses of this information will not infringe upon privately owned rights. This report has not been approved or disapproved by the California Energy Commission nor has the California Energy Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the information in this report. ii Acknowledgement Funding and Administration of the Central Coast Alternative Fuel Vehicle Planning Process: The development of the Central Coast Alternative Fuel Vehicle Plan was initiated by the joint efforts of the County of Santa Barbara, C5 – the Clean Cities Coalition of the Central Coast, the Community Environmental Council of Santa Barbara, and the Air Pollution Control Districts of Ventura, Santa Barbara, and San Luis Obispo Counties. Key leaders from these organizations formed the Alternative Fuel Vehicle Coordinating Council Steering Committee and obtained funding for tri-county PEV planning from the California Energy Commission (CEC), in collaboration with the Electric Vehicle Alliance. The CEC grant was administered by the County of Santa Barbara on behalf of the AFV Coordinating Council iii PREFACE Assembly Bill 118 (Núñez, Chapter 750, Statutes of 2007), created the Alternative and Renewable Fuel and Vehicle Technology Program (ARFVT Program). The statute, subsequently amended by AB 109 (Núñez) Chapter 313, Statutes of 2008), authorizes the California Energy Commission to develop and deploy alternative and renewable fuels and advanced transportation technologies to help attain the state’s climate change policies. The Energy Commission has an annual program budget of about $100 million and provides financial support for projects that: Develop and improve alternative and renewable low-carbon fuels. Enhance alternative and renewable fuels for existing and developing engine technologies. Produce alternative and renewable low-carbon fuels in California. Decrease, on a full-fuel-cycle basis, the overall impact and carbon footprint of alternative and renewable fuels, and increase sustainability. Expand fuel infrastructure, fueling stations, and equipment. Improve light-, medium-, and heavy-duty vehicle technologies. Retrofit medium- and heavy-duty on-road and nonroad vehicle fleets. Expand infrastructure connected with existing fleets, public transit, and transportation corridors. Establish workforce training programs, conduct public education and promotion, and create technology centers. The Energy Commission provided funding opportunities under the ARFVT Program to produce a comprehensive Alternative Fuel Vehicle Readiness Plan for the tri-county central coast region, including Ventura, Santa Barbara, and San Luis Obispo Counties, to support the mass deployment of Alternative Fuel Vehicles. iv ABSTRACT This Alternative Fuel Vehicle Readiness Plan for the California Central Coast is intended to guide the development of AFV readiness policies and infrastructure for the tri-County Central Coast region, including the counties of Ventura, Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo. The development and deployment of AFV-ready infrastructure, policies, and incentives on the Central Coast will encourage local residents and fleet managers to purchase and utilize Alternative Fuel Vehicles with improved environmental attributes over conventional vehicles. Key benefits of adopting AFVs include improvement in local air quality, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions that impact climate change, increased use of local and renewable energy sources, including solar energy and sustainable biofuels, more efficient use of existing grid energy via off-peak PEV charging and energy storage, and increased energy security through reduction in the use of petroleum fuels. Keywords: California Energy Commission, Plug-In Vehicle, AFV Readiness Plan, Central Coast, Ventura County, Santa Barbara County, San Luis Obispo County, Chargers, Charging Infrastructure Please use the following citation for this report: Schorske, Richard, 2016. Alternative Fuel Vehicle Readiness Plan for Ventura, Santa Barbara, and San Luis Obispo Counties (Central Coast). California Energy Commission, Publication Number: CEC-XXX-XXXX-XXX. v INTRODUCTION The Central Coast Alternative Fuel Vehicles Coordinating Council (“the Council”) was formed in 2014 and includes representatives from stakeholder organizations in San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, and Ventura Counties. The Council’s mission is to encourage the adoption of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) in the Tri-Counties region through a public-private collaborative network of leaders from counties, cities, public entities, community organizations, private industry, and utilities. In 2014, members of the Council applied for and received a grant from the California Energy Commission to oversee an initiative known as the Central Coast Alternative Fuel Ecosystem Project. The grant was administered by the County of Santa Barbara on behalf of the Central Coast AFV Steering Committee. The steering committee includes the County of Santa Barbara (as lead agency), the three Air Pollution Control Districts of Santa Barbara, Ventura, and San Luis Obispo Counties, the Clean Cities Coalition of the Central Coast (C5), the Community Environmental Council of Santa Barbara, and Plug-in Central Coast. Key consultants on the AFV Ecosystem Project included EV Alliance for AFV Readiness Plan development, Reach Strategies for deployment of EV Ride and Drive activities, and the Center for Sustainable Energy in collaboration with the Community Environmental Council of Santa Barbara for delivery of training and education to AFV stakeholders. The goals of the AFV Ecosystem project have been to accelerate the adoption of AFVs, support local planning for Alternative Fuel Infrastructure (AFI), and serve as a blueprint for regional public and private actions to help achieve state emissions reduction and AFV goals. Measurable objectives of Plan implementation include: increased AFV sales; reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, criteria pollutant emissions, and petroleum consumption; and increased jobs and economic activity. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE iv ABSTRACT v INTRODUCTION vi OVERVIEW AND KEY RECOMMENDATIONS 1 CHAPTER 1: State, Regional, and Market Context for Alternative Fuel and Vehicle Planning 9 1.1. California’s State Climate and Clean Transportation Goals and Policy Context 9 1.2. State Alternative Fuels Policies and Incentives 9 1.3. State and Regional Alternative Fuel Vehicle and Infrastructure: 2010 – 2015 (Table 2) 10 1.4. Central Coast Electric Drive Vehicle Deployment by County (Table 3) 11 1.5. California Climate, Clean Air, and Clean Transportation Goals 11 1.6. State of California Greenhouse Gas, Fuel, and Air Quality Goals and Milestones (Table 4) 11 1.7. California Energy Commission Investment in Alternative Fuel Vehicles & Infrastructure 13 1.8. Proposed 2015-16 Alternative & Renewable Fuel Vehicle and Technology Program Investment Plan (Table 5) 14 1.9. Air Quality Improvement (AQIP) Program 15 1.10. AQIP Funding: 2010-2015 (Table 6) 15 1.11. CEC and CARB Perspectives on AFV Types and Contributions to GHG Reduction and Vehicle Deployment Goals 15 1.12. Hydrogen Vehicle Outlook 16 1.13. State Expectations for Fuel Cell Vehicle Market Growth by 2050 (Table 7) 17 1.14. FCV vs. PEV Market Penetration 17 1.15. California PEV Sales Projections (Table 8) 18 1.16. EVs, GHG Impact, and the ZEV Mandate 19 1.17. Comparing GHG Emissions Across All Alternative Fuel Types 20 1.18. Full Fuel Cycle Comparison of Alternative Fuels to Standard Gasoline 21 1.19. State Expectations for Growth of the Plug-in Electric Vehicle Market by 2050 vs. Other Sources of GHG Reduction in On-Road Transportation 22 1.20. CARB 2050 Vision Light-Duty Vehicle Gasoline Reduction (Table 9) 22 1.21. State Perspectives on EV Charging Infrastructure 23 1.22. The Potentially “Game Changing” Expansion of Utility Roles in EV Charging 23 1.23. Smart Charging and Vehicle-Grid Integration 24 1.24. The Role of Clean Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles 25 1.25. Outlook for Biofuels 25 vii CHAPTER 2: Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure 27 2.1. Key Market Barriers 27 2.2. Single Family Residential Charger Installation Streamlining Overview 28 2.3. Recommendations for Streamlining Residential EV Charger Installations 29 2.4. Multi-Residential Charger Installation Challenges