Buletin Informativ Nr. 20

Buletin Informativ nr. 20 Documentare, Analiza si Marketing International Dragi colegi, In perspectiva organizarii unor expozitii sau manifestari in anul 2013 enumeram mai jos aniversarile UNESCO prevazute pentru anul 2013 : UNESCO -Celebration of anniversaries in 2013 Angola 350th anniversary of the death of Queen Nzinga Mbande Ngola Kiluanji (Kingdom of Matamba-Ndongo), emblematic figure of the struggle against slavery and for women’s empowerment in Africa (1583-1663) The Kingdom of Matamba-Ndongo (in present-day Angola) over which King Nzinga Mbande Ngola Kiluanji reigned, consisted of eight fertile provinces, with rich pastures, crops, and gold and diamonds transported by the Kwanza river. These riches were coveted by slave traders and traffickers along the west coast of Africa. Nzinga Mbande Ngola Kiluanji had to negotiate relentlessly to prevent the looting and dismantling of his kingdom. When the king died, his son Ngola Mbande succeeded him but passed away without having made any remarkable achievements. Before dying, he entrusted his sister with continuing to negotiate a peace treaty with the Portuguese. That is how Ngola Mbande Nzinga Mbande kia Ngola went down in history. In sixteenth-century Africa, Queen Nzinga was an educated, cultured woman who spoke both her mother tongue and the language of the Europeans with whom she had to negotiate. As a skilful diplomat, she negotiated with the Dutch and the Portuguese to maintain peace and the territorial integrity of her kingdom. She became an icon of the resistance to foreign domination and the slave trade. She succeeded in convincing the Portuguese to sign the Luanda peace agreement and agreed to convert to Christianity by changing her name to Ana de Souza. The tribute paid to this African queen is a tribute to all African women. It illustrates the importance of education and culture for dialogue among peoples and civilizations, provides new insights into the General History of Africa, and highlights the role of women in the continent. While history remembers Ngola Mbande Nzinga Mbande kia Ngola as a powerful, strong, independent woman, in the memory of Africa and the diaspora, she remains a key figure in the struggle against slavery and the resistance to occupation. In the collective unconscious, she will always be “she who was never defeated” Azerbaijan 100th anniversary of the musical comedy Arshin Mal Alan of Uzeyir Hajibeyli (1913) Arshin Mal Alan is the third and last musical comedy of the great Azerbaijan composer Uzeyir Hajibeyov, founder of the national composers’ school, and author of the first eastern opera. He completed his work Arshin Mal Alan, which is close to the comic opera genre, in the summer of 1913, in St. Petersburg. Its depth of images and development level makes it a major and innovative musical and scenic form. 900th anniversary of achievements of Mahsati Ganjavi, poetess (12th century) Mahsati Ganjavi was a 12th century poet, born in Ganje, Azerbaijan. She received an education closely acquainted with Eastern literature and music. Mahsati Ganjavi was a famous rubai writer recognized not only in her epoch but much later also. Her most productive period of creation was spent in the palace of Sultan Mahmud Seldjuk and that of his uncle Sanjar Seldjuk. Mahsati Ganjavi commonly wrote rubai in Persian. The love plot holds the main place in her creations. The rubais are marked out by their worldliness, humanism, epicurism and optimism. Mahsati Ganjavi describes love as a fragile natural feeling which makes a man's fame higher. The poetess protested against religious prejudices, hypocrisy, conservatism and protected a man’s moral freedom. Her poems reflected the people’s, especially women’s, romantic dreams of a free and happy life. 550th anniversary of the death of Seyid Yahya Bakuvi (Shirvani), philosopher and poet (ca. 1390s-1463) Founder of the Khalvatiyyah order, which is an important Sufi movement known for its strict ritual training of its dervishes and its emphasis on individual asceticism and retreat. This philosopher disseminated his movement worldwide. Today, his Mausoleum is very famous in the Old City of Baku (Icherisheher), which is now a World Heritage Site. Brazil 100th anniversary of the birth of Vinicius de Moraes, poet and musician (1913- 1980) Marcus Vinicius de Moraes (1913-1980) was a Brazilian musician, composer, poet, playwright, and diplomat. He was a seminal figure in contemporary Brazilian music. As a poet, he wrote lyrics for a great number of songs that became all- time classics. As a composer of bossa nova, and as an interpreter of his own songs, he left several important albums which had and still have a national and international audience and influence. 150th anniversary of the birth of Ernesto Nazareth, pianist (1863-1934) Brazilian composer and pianist Ernesto Júlio de Nazareth (1863-1934) was noted for creatively combining diverse influences into his music, not only Brazilian music but also music from Europe, Africa and ragtime. Many of his compositions remain part of the repertory today. Nazareth composed more than 80 tangos, as well as waltzes, polkas sambas, galops, quadrilles, Schottisches, fox-trots, romances and other types of scores. Bulgaria 100th anniversary of the birth of academician Lyubomir Iliev (1913-2000) Lyubomir Iliev was an outstanding mathematician, recognized for his contributions in the field of complex analysis. His work stimulated further investigation of renowned scientists worldwide. His other outstanding achievements were his work as a founder of the Institute of Mathematics and Informatics in Bulgaria – which currently enjoys a high international recognition –, as well as his work as a pioneer of computer science at the national and international levels. Croatia 150th anniversary of the birth of Milka Trnina, opera singer (1863-1941) Milka Trnina or Ternina (1863-1941) was the greatest Croatian opera artist and one of the most important tragic actresses to have performed Wagner: her performances in Lohengrin, Tristan and Isolde, and Parsifal are internationally renowned. Having lost her father at the age of six, she went to live with her uncle – a writer and government adviser – in Zagreb, where she studied singing. She continued her singing studies at the Conservatory of Vienna, where she obtained a diploma and gold medal. In 1890, she was engaged by the Royal Opera of Munich, where she remained until 1899. There she gave remarkable performances of the works of Richard Wagner, who subsequently invited her to Bayreuth. She sang at all the major venues of that period, both in Europe and America. 450th anniversary of the death of Andrija Medulić/Andrea Meldolla Schiavone, painter (c. 1510-1563) (Croatia, with the support of Italy) Andrea Meldolla, also known as Andrea Schiavone, Lo Schiavone or Andrija Medulić, was an Italian painter and etcher born in Zara. He was a Mannerist of the world-renowned Venetian school, and produced remarkable works involving the use of bold colours. Cuba 100th anniversary of the founding of the Museum of Fine Arts (1913) The National Museum of Fine Arts, founded in 1913, hosts two important collections: the Cuban art collection, the first museum overview of the Cuban visual arts; and the universal art collection, with its remarkable collection of ancient art, mainly from Egypt, Etruria, Greece and Rome, highlighted by nine funeral portraits from Fayum and the Greek ceramic collection. The Museum of Fine Arts is located in Old Havana, a world heritage site, and through its collections and activities contributes to the promotion of the cultural heritage within the country and abroad. Czech Republic 1,150th anniversary of the arrival of the missionaries Cyril and Methodius in Great Moravia (863) (Czech Republic and Slovakia, with the support of Serbia, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Poland) Cyril and Methodius arrived in Great Moravia in 863. In addition to bringing Christianity and thus bringing countries located in the territory of Great Moravia into the mainstream of European civilization of that time, they created the Glagolitic alphabet and spread the use of Old Church Slavonic as a liturgical and literary language. Thus they laid the foundations of Slavonic literature and erudition. The anniversary of the arrival of Cyril and Methodius in Great Moravia celebrates literature, education and culture, since it marked the creation of the first Slavonic alphabet and the beginning of Slavonic literature. Translations of liturgical texts into Old Church Slavonic facilitated the direct participation of these nations in the establishment and development of European civilization in that period. 100th anniversary of the birth of Otto Wichterle, scientist (1913-1998) (Czech Republic, with the support of Slovakia) Otto Wicherle was an eminent scientist and he was the first to invent a process on how to manufacture contact lenses from hydrogel based on polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, abbreviated as HEMA. Soft contact lenses are now worn by over 100 million people worldwide. He has more than 150 patents from the period of 1938-1989. Denmark 100th anniversary of the publication of Niels Bohr’s model of atom structure in Philosophical Magazine: “On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules” (1913) Niels Bohr was instrumental in building the theoretical framework of quantum mechanics and received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1922. He was very conscious of the social responsibilities of scientists. 200th anniversary of the birth of Søren Kierkegaard, philosopher (1813-1855) Philosopher whose intellectual and spiritual influence is of global scope in the history of philosophy and prolific writer in the Danish “golden age” of intellectual and artistic activity. His work crosses the boundaries of philosophy, theology, psychology, literary criticism, devotional literature and fiction. Kierkegaard brought this potent mixture of discourses to bear as social critique and for the purpose of renewing Christian faith within Christendom. At the same time he made many original conceptual contributions to each of the disciplines he employed.

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