MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY Progralvi

Home , Kon Tum

Final Report of Progress MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY PROGRAlVI

Prepared for MINISTRY of PUBLIC WORKS REPUBLIC of VIETNAM

Contract No. AID 430-1126 Our Job 3718 February 1968

THE RALPH M. PARSONS COMPANY ENGINEERS-CONSTRUCTORS The· Ralph M. Parsons Companr, Engineers• Constructors

April 19, 1968

' \

Ministry of Public Works Government of the Republic of Vietnam Saigon, Vietnam

ATTENTION of Mr. Bui Huu Lan Director of Water Supply

SUBJECT Job 3718 - Municipal Water SuppJ.Y Program Final Report of Progress

·- REFERENCE Contract AID 430-1126 as amended

Gentlemen:

We are pleased to submit the accompanying report, entitled "Final Report of Progress - Municipal Water Supply Program," provided for by contract AID 43.0-1126. This report hes been prepared in accordance with the terms of the contract and AID' s "Guidelines Number 2," revised June 1, 1962.

The contract work as amended consisted of engineering services in the form of investigati0n5 and studies, design, construction supervision, and training in operation and mainter.ance for the water supply facilities of fourteen (14) cities in your country. This report is a summary of the work accomplished under this contract. We believe that the engineering services provided by the subject con tract will be of assistance in your endeavor to improve the health and social welfare of your people.

It has been a rewarding experience for our firm to have been associated with the Municipal Water Supply Program, and we hope that our work has materially con tributed toward the progress now being i:-ealized in your country. We also appreciate the cooperation and many courtesies extended +.o us by the individual members of your organization, whose assistance helped make our job easier. We shall be pleased to be associated with this important work in the future.

Very truly yours ,

THE RALPH M. PARSONS COMPANY

JRS:ht CONTENTS

Section Page

I Project Description I-1

II Project History II-1

III Engineering Progress III-1

IV Construction Progress IV-1

v Operation and Maintenance Progress V-1

VI Summary Data VI-1 VII Personnel VII-1

FIGURES Number

I-1 Map Showing Project Locations I-3

III-1 Da Nang Forecast and Progress Bar Graph III-5 III-2 Da Nang Forecast and Progress Curve III-6 III-3 Perspective of Da Nang Water Treatment Plant III-7

III-4 Nha Trang Forecast and Progress Bar Graph III-11

III-5 Nha Trang Forecast and Progress Curve III-12 III-6 Perspective of Nha Trang Water Treatment Plant III-13

Iv-1 Khanh Hung Raw Water Pump Station, Clarifier, IV-9 and Filters ·

IV-2 Khanh Hung Water Treatment Administration-Control IV-9 Building

IV-3 Ceremonies Showing Bui Huu Lan, Director of Water IV-10 Supply, Formally Dedicating Khanh Hung Water Facilities

i The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constructors / Los ·AnFeles • New York Number

IV-4 Khanh Hung Forecast and Progress Bar Graph IV-12 IV-5 Dedication Ceremony for Ham Tan Water Facilities IV-15 IV-6 J. Robison, Assistant Director of USAID, and IV-15 Minister Bui Huu Tuan Shown With Province Chief Opening Public Fountain During Dedication of Ham Tan Water Facilities

IV-7 Elevated Storage Tank at Qui Nhon Shoving Bowed IV-18 Support Columns

IV-8 Shallow Well Surrounded by Refugee Housing at IV-20 Qui Nhon

IV-9 Partially Completed Well at Qui Nhon Showing IV-20 Overflow From Sewage Lagoon

IV-10 Construction of Phuoc Le Water Treatment Plant IV-25 IV-11 Clarifier and Filters for Phuoc Le Water Treatment IV-25 Plant

V-1 Operation and Maintenance Training School in V-6 Progress

V-2 Operation and Maintenance Forecast and Progress V-10 Bar Graph

V-3 Operation and Maintenance Forecast and Progress V:-12 Curve

VII-1 Organization Chart VII-2

TABLES Number

IV-1 Construction Status for True Giang IV-22 IV-2 Construction Status for Phuoc Le IV-26 V-1 Operation and Maintenance Training Course V-5 VI-1 U. s. )ollar Expenditures Through December 31, 1967 VI-1

The Ralph M. Par.so~s Compai:iy f.. l{ngine~rs • Constructors / Los Angeles • New York Number

VI-2 Piastre Expenditures Through December 31, 1967 VI-2

VI-3 Summary of Contract Financial Data Through VI-3 December 31, 1967

VI-4 Construction Contract for Quang Tri Water Plant VI-5 (Civil Work)

VI-5 Construction Contract for Quang Tri Water Plant VI-6 (Distribution System)

VI-6 Constr~~~ion Contract for Quang Tri Water Plant VI-7 (Mechanical Erection)

VI-7 Construction Contract for Khanh Hung Water Plant VI-8 (Mechanical Erection)

VI-8 Constructlon Contract for True Giang Water Plant VI-9 (Civil and Mechanical)

VI-9 Construction Contract for Ham Tan Water Plant VI-10 (Civil Work )

VI-10 Construction Contract for Phuoc Le Water Plant VI-11 (Civil and Mechanical)

VI-11 Construction Contract for Qui Nhon Water Plant VI-12 (Shallow Wells)

VI-12 Construction Contract for Qui Nhon Water Plant VI-13 (Elevated Tank and Distribution System)

VII-1 Field Office Staff - U. s. Employees VII-4

VII-2 Field Office Staff - Third-Country National VII-5 Employees

VII-3 Field Office Staff - Vietnamese Employees VII-6

iii The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constructors / Los Angeles • New York SECTION I

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The USAID-sponsored Municipal Water Supply Program was one of the basic programs conceived in 1958 as part of the effort to gain support for the central government of South Vietnam and to counter the insurgence sweeping the country. It was the aim of this program to improve the health and welfare of the urban population by providing for safe and adequate water supplies. The USAID program offers the technical and commocti t;,y aP.sistance for the Ministry of Public Works, Government of Vietnam (GVN), to implement this work.

Contract AID 430-1126, signed September 13, 1965, by the Ministry of Public Works,

GVN, and the Consultant, The Ralph M. Parsons Company, was a continuation of the

Municipal Water Supply Program. According to the original terms of this contract, the Consultant was to provide engineering services for thirty-two (32) cities. However, this contract was amended when subsequent study revealed that the in-depth technical services required to solve the complex water problems of all thirty-two ( 32) cities could not be provided with the funds available.

It was decided that, in the best interests of the program, the eneineering efforts of the Consultant should concentrate on eleven (11) high-priority cities that were in various stages of planning. To accomplisn this, Contract Amendment

No. l, signed on August 25, 1966, provided for the following scope of work: l. Supervision of Construction

The Consultant was to provide a design review and construction supervision of

the water supply projects in the following six cities for which design

documents had already been prepared:

I-1 The Ralph M. ~a.rsons Comp~nr, /, :Engin~ers • .Consfr11ctorsJ i·~.s. A_~~eles • New York

' ,! l '. l ' \ - ' , j l , < •• ~, ' ' !. ' Khang Hung (under construction)

Quang Tri (under construction)

Ham Tan (under construction) Qui Nhon (under construction)

True Giang (not under construction) Phuoc Le (not under construction) (See Figure I-1 for locations.)

2. Operation and Maintenance Training

The Consultant was to provide operation and maintenance training for Vietnamese

personnel and, when requested, would provide field investigations, design review,

improvement or repair recommendations, and design modifications for the water

facilities which had alrea~ been constructed in the following three (3) cities:

Long Xcyen

Ban Me Thuot Rach Gia

Similar training would also be provided for the six (6) cities listed above upon the completion of construction.

3. Final Engineering Design

Concurrent with the supervision of construction and operation and maintenance

training, the Consultant was to provide the following engineering services for the water supply systems of the cities of Da Nang and Nha Trang:

a. Perform detailed field investigations and topographic surveys, determine

water qualities, and collect other basic data for preparation of project

I-2 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constr.uctors / Los Anitlu • New York • l 7TH PARALLEL

FACILITIES DESIGNED DA NANG NHA TRANG

FEUIBILITY STUDIES DA NANG NHA TRANG YUNG TAU QUI NHON DA LAT

CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION KHANH HUNG QUANG TRI HAM TAN PHUOC LE TRUC GIANG QUI NHON

OPERATION AND AND MAINTENANCE TRAINING KHANH HUNG QUANG TRI HAM TAN PHUOC LE TRUC GIANG QUI NHON LONG XUYEN BAN ME THUOT RACH GIA

"·· SOUTH VIETNAM Figure I-1. Map Showing Pro.jeC?t Locations l-3 reports in conform! ty with AID' s "Feasibility Studies - Economical and

Technical Soundness Analysis - Capital Projects," dated October 1, 1964.

b. Prepare final engineering design, equipment and material specifications,

construction drawings, cost estimates and tender documents, all in suffi-

cient detail to be issued for local and/or American tenders, as most

applicable for each item of work.

c. Recommend appropriate water rates for each city.

During the spring of 1967, USAID and the Directorate of Water Supply (DWS),

Ministry of Public Works, decided to expand the scope of work for the contract by Amendment No. 4 to include three (3) areas experiencing severe water shortages. These areas in the order of their priority were: Vung Tau, Qui Nhon, and Da Lat. The Consultant was to perform the following services:

1. Conduct preliminary reconnaissance surveys and inspect existing water

facilities and proposed sites for source and treatment.

2. Review project commodities and recommend materials for construction of the

proposed water systems.

3. Review existing information pertaining to these projects.

4. Collect all basic field data necessary for the preparation of project

reports.

I-4 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constructors / Los Angeles •)"!Tew York 5, Prepare a project report for each city, giving recommendations for

modifications and/or new construction, descriptions of design features,

preliminary layouts, and aost estimates of the p~oposed installations. Each of these was to be performed in sufficient detail so that final designs

and specifications could be prepared from these reports to serve the com-

munity water needs for a period of fifteen (15) years.

During the early summer of 1967, improvements in local security conditions in the Nh~ Trang area permitted the examination of a large sand-gravel deposit located on the edge of the Song Cai River, 11 kilometers west of Nha Trang. Preliminary investigations indicated that this deposit was of sufficient depth and porosity to provide collection galleries which could serve as an alternate water source. Before this water source could be proved, core sampling and test pumping of prototype collector wells would be required. Because there were insufficient funds obligated and the work was somewhat beyond the scope of the contract, Contract Amendment No. 5 was initiated, This amendment specified the following:

1. Determine the location of proposed collector wells by making a minimum of

eight (8) core drillings at or near the proposed site.

2, Record, log, and identify for future reference all core drillin~s and

wells.

3. Construct two (2) 20-inch-diameter gravel-packed collector wells, each with

a 10-foot minimum of 20-inch-diameter stainless~steel, wire-wound well screen.

I-:5 The Ralph M. Parsons ,Company,/ ·Engineers,~· Construc~ors J Los Angeles·• ,N,ew_ York r , ', '\ ' '• ! , ' ' ' .,. 4. Test the two collector wells for yield and drawdown.

5. Prepar-e final designs, p~ans and specifications for the Nha Trang water facilities, based on.field test data and feasibility as to the source of.

water to be utilized.

Improvement of the health and general living conditions of the population masses concentrated in the urban areas has long been recognized as a goal toward the establishing of a stable political atmosphere in South Vietnam. A major step in reaching this goal is the establishment of an adequate, saf~, and convenient water supply system in each urban area. Contract AID 430-1126 was designed to provide some of these critically needed water facilities. In addition, this contract furnished such necessary support functions as construction supervision

'· and operation and maintenance training to ensure proper utilization of the constructed water facilities.

The engineering services as provided by the contract were implemented by The Ralph M. Parsons Company with the assistance of DWS and support of USAID. The

Municipal Water Supply Program as planned - and when properly executed - could substantially aid in the economic and social welfare of the people of South Vietnam. The development of this country with its accompanying economic improvement will be almost wholly dependent upon a wholesome and adequate '• water supply.

The organizations and individuals responsible for the realization of this program and its development can take just pride in the progress that has been accomplished.

I-6 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constr11,tors f..Los· Ang~/es • New York SECTION II

PROJECT HISTORY

Early in 1958, the United States and Vietnamese governments recognized the political and economical significance of improvin~ the health and welfare conditions of the population masses swelling the urban areas as an important goal in combating the Communist insurgency sweeping South Vietnam. One of the necessary steps in realizing this goal was to provide an adequate, safe, and convenient water supply for these urban areas. The Municipal Water Supply Program was designed to fulfill this need.

This program was inaugurated on July 8, 1958, when the engineerjng firm of Hydrotechnic Corporation was retained to study the domestic and industrial water requirements of urban areas in Vietnam. This initial engineering survey, completed in 1960, recommended water facilities in some sixty-five (65) urban areas. On the basis of this study, the firm of Brown Engineers was employed on April 3, 1962, to provide the planning ~nd engineering for the first phase of this program. However, because of security problems and poor logistics support, this firm completed final engineering design for only four (4) of the contract cities. These were:

Khanh Hung 1000-gpm capacity Phan Rang 700-gpm capacity

Tuy Hoa 350-gpm capacity Kon tum 250-gpm capacity

II-1 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constructors l_Los Angeles'• iNew York Prior to the completion of the engineering drawings and specifications, USAID and GVN purchased the necessary materials and equipment. for the construction of these four ( 4) water systems. After arrival of the USAID-:f'unded commodities, military conditions prevented the awarding of construction contracts for three

(3) of the cities. DWS then decided to utilize the equipment for three (3) alternate cities of similar she where better sec:uri ty coudi tions existed. These changes were: Phan Rang relocated to True Giang

Tey Hoa relocated to Phuoc Le

Kontum relocated to Quang Tri

However, a further deterioration in the military situation early in 1964 foTced a suspension of the entire USAID-fllllded program for approximately eighteen (18) months.

During this period, DWS, realizing the importance of the program, struggled along with only piastre f\lllding to support the program. The irnmtmsity of this work, the lack of technical skills, plus the inability of the war-pressed government of Vietnam to adequately finance this program, proved to be a heavy burden. Despite these complications, during this interim period, five (5) small water facilities were built, with construction work started on eight (8) others. Although this effort was commendable llllder the restrictions imposed, the resulting engineering and construction work was substandard.

With the resumption of the USAID-supported program in 1965, approximately

US$500 ,000 was provided for commodity imports, with an equal amollllt allocated for technical assistance. On September 13, 1965, a USAID-supported contract

II-2

The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Bngin.eers • Cons~ructors / ~os A,ng.el~s • New York ', (AID 430-1126) between DWS, GVN, and The Ralph M. Parsons Company of Los

Angeles was signed to provide the necessary technical assistance.

This contract originally provided for engineering design, construction supervision, and operation training of thirty-two (32) proposed water systems in various stages of planning. However, it was subsequently determined that the scope of work for this contract was too ambitious for the money available and would attenuate the engineering efforts of the Consultant. Also, the water systems under construction, for which USAID funding had provided the conunodities, were being poorly built because of the lack of technically qualified personnel.

In the interest of this program, it was decided that the Consultant's efforts would be concentrated on construction supervision and technical assistance for the building of six (6) water systems for which design documents had been previou~ly prepared. In addition, the Consultant was to review the designs, making the modifications and revisions necessary for operable facilities. An operation and maintenance training program would follow to ensure the successful utilization of the constructed facilities. This training program cover the three (3) water systems previously built, plus the six (6) facilities under construction.

Concurrent with these duties, the Consultant was to prepare feasibility studies for the cities of Da Nang Rnn Nha Trang to enable GVN to apply for financial aid. A~er the approval of these studies, the Consultant was to prepare the final designs, construction drawings, specifications, contract documents, and

II-3 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constr11ctors /Los Angeles • New York cost estimates for the two (2) water supply facilities. On August 25, 1966,

Contract Amendment No. 1 was signed, inaugurating all of the above changes in

the Municipal Water Supply Program.

On July 30, 1966, a design review conference was held with representatives from

the office of DWS and USAID. At this meeting, a report was submitted covering

the following topics for the proposed Da Nang and Hha Trang water supply

facilities:

1. Design criteria and description of the proposed water facilities.

2. Estimates of construction costs.

3. Preliminary estimates for financing the proposed water facilities.

4. Recommendations for financing the operation and maintenance phases of the

proposed facilities.

5. Preliminary drawings of the proposed water treatment plants,

6. Preliminary maps of the proposed water distribution systems.

7. Flow diagrams and hydraulic profiles of the proposed treatment process.

8. Proposed construction schedules.

USAID and DWS gave verbal approval to the two (2) water system proposals as

presented at the design review conference.

II-4 The, Ralph M;'Parsons c,ompany I Engineers • Constructors I Los Angeles • New York .0t . ~ ======'tl~eso~fJ======/rr/-- l "

In early Reptember 1966, it was learned that the U.S. military, throup;h the

Officer in Charp;e of Construction (OICC), U.R. Navy, was desip;ning a water system for the Da Nanp; area that essentially :oaralleled the U8AID-funded nroject. After several meetings, OICC decided that the USAID-funded project could meet both civilian and military water requirements without any changes in design. However, objection to the scheduled comnletion of the project prevented the U.S. military from particinatinp; in the USAID project. In early

October 1966, the desi~n schedule was accelerated to meet the military's requirements for water, with final corutruction drawinp;s and specifications to be completed by February 15, 1967. With this change in scheduling, the

U.S. military agreed to contribute US$1.6 million toward the construction cost of the proposed facilities.

To meet the accelerated schedule, the Consultant was p;ranted an extension of time for submittal of the Da Nanp; feasibility report. Also, Contract Amend- ment No. 3 was implemented on November 7, 1966, increasing the Consultant's

Branch Office support of the field staff to meet the engineering requirements resulting from an acceleration in the design work. Final drawings and specifications for the Da filang project were submitted to USAID on February 17, 1967, followed by the cost estimate on March 8, 1967. However, in early 1967, the

U.S. military withdrew financial support from the USAID-funded project because of a cutback in construction funds. On April 21, 1967, "Feasibility Report -

Da Nang Water Supply Facilities" was submitted to USAID and DWS.

II-5 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constructors / Los Angeles • Jt:lew York ' ' ' ' I 1 ~ On March 31, 1967, PIO/T No. 430-359-3-70327 was signed, oblip,atin~ an

additional US$100,000, under contract AID 430-1126. These funds were

to be used for continuation of the existing water supply program and expan

sion of the engineering service to provide for water system feasibility

studies for the cities of Vunp; Tau, Qui Nhon, and Da Lat. However, Con

tract Amendment No. 4 authorizing this work was not signed until June 30,

1967.

During Mav 1967, improvements in local security conditions in the Nha Trang

area pennitted the Consultant to further investigate the Song Cai River basin.

This investigation revealed a large sand-Rravel deposit on the banks of this rivP.r, 11 kilometers west of Nha Trang, which was apparently of sufficient depth and porosity for development of collector wells. However, before this potential water source could be nroved with any degree of reliability, ex tensive core sampling and purnpin~ tests were required. Because funds for this work were not available in the 01•ip;inal contract, a contract amendment

for the core sampling and the construction of two (2) prototype wells was

initiated on June 2, 1967. Amendment No. 5, obli~ating an additional

US$140,000, was signed on August 4, 1967.

During the ne~otiations for Amendment No. 5, the Consultant stressed the importance of performing the field work before the start of the rainy season in mid-September. While Amendment No. 5 was signed within the required time

TI-6

The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constructors / Los Angeles • New York frame, a letter of commitment from USAID authorizing use of only US$25,000 of the funds was not received until August 29, 1967. As a result of this delay, the drilling subcontract authorizing the Consultant to proceed with the work could not be approved. On August 28, 1967, the Consultant received verbal authorization to proceed with the work. However, by this time, less than twenty-four (24) devs remained to complete approximately two (2) months of field work.

A further delay was encountered when the local Viet Conp, ordered the field crews to stop work, thus reducing the work time to only sixteen (16) days.

On September 21, 1967, the Cai River level rose, inundating the field site, precluding any further work on this phase of the contract work until January 1968.

On June 15, 1967, "Feasibility Study - Nha Trang Water Supply Facilities" was submitted to USAID and GVN. The Vung Tau report was completed and submitted on July 14, 1967, followed by the Qui Nhon report on Aup,ust 18, 1967, and the Da Lat report on September 26, 1967.

The operation and maintenance training school for Vietnamese ~ersonnel was concluded on July 7, 1967, with the awarding of certificates to trainees completing the two-month course of instruction. Operation and maintenance manuals for the Khanh Hung, Harn Tan, QuRng Tri, Phuoc Le, and True Giang water systems, written in both English and ViP.tnamese, were completed and submitted to USAID and DWS on September 21, 1967.

rr... 7 The Ralph M. Parsons ,Company / Engineers •'Constructors / Los Angeles,• New York On July 5, 1967, che Consultant fonnally requested the information required to write the contract and bid documents for the Da Nang and Nha Trang projects.

This information was not received until September 26, 1967, just four (4) days prior to planned completion of all contract work. As a result of this

delay, the Consultant was verbally requested by AID/Washington to keep the

contract active with a limited staff. Contract documents were submitted on

November 29, 1967.

On October 3, 1967, an addendum to "Feasibility Study - Nha Trang Water Supply Facilities" was completed and submitted. This addendum was based on the field investigations authorized by Contract Amendment No. 5, and reconunended the use of collector wells as the primary source of water supply. During the month of September 1967, the Consultant completed two (2) designs for the Nha Trang.Water

system: One design, based on the use of a surface source of supply, was to

serve as an alternate design should the field work prove the collector wells

:1.nadequate; the second was based on the use of the collector wells as the

primary source of water. Hcwever, because of the lack of printing paper, the

drawings and specifications were not submitted until November 28, 1967.

On October 6, 1967, USAID requested that the Consultant make several revisions, changes, and investigations in the design of the Da Nang water supply facilities.

This work was completed in early November 1967; revised drawings and specifica tions were submitted on December 5, 1967.

With the completion of this work, the contract was formally closed on

December 9, 1967.

II-8

The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constructors / Los Angeles • New York SECTION III

ENGINEERING PROGRESS

Contract AID 430-1126, as amended, provided the following engineering services for the water supply systems of the cities of Da Nang and Nha Trang:

1. Perform detailed field investigations and topographic surveys, determine water qualities, and collect other basic data for preparation of project

reports in conformity with AID's "Feasibility Studies - Economical and

Technical Soundness Analysis - Capital Projects," dated October 1, 1964.

2. Prepare final engineering design, equipment and materials specifications,

construction drawings, cost estimates, and tender documents.

Da Nang Project

Work on this project was started during November 1965, and consisted of a review of existing data, inspection of existing facilities, and a determination of population and water usage requirements. Preliminary investigations indicated that as of December 31, 1965, the city of Da Nang had a population of 197 ,000, which is well over the 100 ,000 estimated in earlier studies prepared by others.

On the basis of this information, preliminary designs and work prepared for these studies were totally inadequate to meet the water requirements for the

Da Nang area. In addition, no consideration had been given to the sudden military buildup and the accompanying water demands in the Da Nang area.

Because of this and other considerations, all previous studies and work ~roved to be of little value in solving the problems for the present conditions of Da Nang.

III-1

The Ralph M. ·Parsons Company;/ Engin~ers • Constructors l Los Angeles •'New York ' ' A preliminary study of the technical and economic considerations of the area

indicated the advisability of utilizing a surface water supply from the Cam Le River. An investigation of available plant sites dictated the selection of a site located next to the Cam Le River and adjacent to National High way No. 1, approximately 4.8 miles from the center of Da Nang~

Only meager information on stream flow, water quality, and rainfall data applicable to the area existed, and existing maps of the streets of Da Nang were poor and of questionable accuracy. Therefore, preparation was started for the collection of this information, along with a survey of the proposed plant site.

Preliminary design criteria were defined, and both present and future water demands were tentatively established. From this information, a preliminary design of the distribution system was made and field surveys of proposed line locations were begun.

This preliminary work occupied the first eight (8) months of the project design team's effort~. The work was frequently interrupted by security problems, political demonstrations, lack of trained personnel, and a scarcity of transportation.

On July 30, 1966, a design review conference was held for the purpose of presenting the design criteria, preliminary design, cost estimates, and analysis of the financial feasibility of the proposed water supply system.

USAID and DWS approved the preliminary planning and authorized the Consultant to proceed on the final draft of the feasibility report and final design of the proposed facilities.

III-2

The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constrrutors / Los Angeles • New York .'I

Early in September 1966, the Consultant learned that the U.S. military was planning to build a water supply facility in the Da Nang area to serve their own requirements. This facility essentially paralleled the facilities being designed by the Consultant. Since the initial capacity of the facility could meet both the military and civilian demands, the U.S. military agreed to participate in the USAID-funded system rather than duplicate water systems. This agreement was predicated upon USAID sharing construction costs and havin~ the construction drawings and specifications completed by February 1967.

To meet these commitments, USAID and DWS authorized the Consultant to accelerate work on the final design of the Da Nang project. With a reduction in the time scheduled for preparation of the final design, the Consultant requested and was granted a delay in submittal of the feasibility study for this project.

The Consultant submitted construction drawings and specifications for the completed design of this project on February 17, 1967. On March 4, 1967, t'rle final design analysis was submitted, followed by the final cost estimate on March 8, 1967. The final report, entftled "A Feasibility Study - Da Nang

W~ter Supply Facilities , " was completed on April 15, 1967. However, a:rter meeting the requirements for a joint-f\lllded project, a reduction in the total construction budget for Vietnam forced the U.S. military to withdraw from this project.

The treatment facilities for this project as finally designed had an initial capacity of 15.0 MGD, with provisions for future enlargement to 30.0 MGD.

The Cam L~ River, which has an ap~roximate drought flow of 95.8 MGD, was the

III-3

The Ralph M .. Parsons C?mpany / E,nginee~s • Constructors / Los Angeles • New York

._ , > 'j ~· ' , " ' ' ' water source. The treatment plant consist~d of a raw water intake and pump

station; a 37.5-MG raw water storage basin; a chemical and chlorination

building; rapid mix, flocculation and settling basins; filters; clearwell

storage; a high service pump station; a control building; and electric generation facilities.

The distribution system was designed for ultimate development on a 30-year

basis. Initially, the transmission mains will have ample capacity for

supplying water to military areas outside the Da Nang city limits. The

distribution system will ultimately supply an estimated population of 643,000 with 52.2 gpcd of treated water and meet a peak demand of 60.0 MGD. No

separate allowances for fire flow are provided in the design of .the system because of the types of local building materials and fire fighting equipment that were used.

A review of the Consultant's design and cost estimates was completed by the Office of the District Engineer, U.S. Corps of Engineers, in Okinawa on

April 15, 1967. Minor errors and discrepancies were corrected, and revisions in the drawings and specifications noted by the U.S. Corps df Engineers,

USAID, and the Consultant were completed August 10, 1967.

On July 5, 1967, the Consultant formally requested specific information from

USAID for preparation of the contract documents. However, because of the complex problems involved in obtaining construction contractors for work in

Vietnam, the Consultant did not receive this information until s.eptember 26,

1967, which was just four (4) days before scheduled termination of all

III-4

The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers •.Constructors / Los Angeles • New York ' ' PROGRESS KEY FORECAST 8 PROGRESS CHART 15 100 ENGINEERING THE RALPH M PARSONS COMPANY % COMPLETION FORECAST CONTRACT NCl AID 430 - 1126 REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM A %11 ACTUAL PRECEDING MONTHS ~ A DA NANG MUNICIPAL WATER SYSTEM ..-~ .. ACTUAL MONTHS REPORTED FIGURE 1111 0 '4\

ITEM % !WEIGHTED % MONTH ENDING TOTAL % ITEM JOB NO ITEM ""' 1965 1966 1967 CONTRAC1 COMP COMP JOB s 0 N D J F M A M J J A s 0 N 0 J F M A M J J A s 0 WEATHER R.C IN ltAIN 50 100 I REVIEW Of EXISTING DATA 0. 50 0 1•5 100 0 50 1:/1 '~ ~ 1213p I 50 I( 0 2 INSPECTION Of EXIS":"ING FACILITIES 0 25 o oee 100 0 25 11/1 ~.,.--....- 12/3 0 ---~- 5 100 z 3 POPULATION a WATER USAGE CATA I 00 0 350 100 I 00 11/1 > 0 A I - 2-- l -~- 5 7' I 0 ~, ti 4 STREAM FLOW DATA 2.00 0 ~00 10(> 2 00 II/I . 'W' '.,.,, 10/ B C> ' '' ;:: - --+---+-+-5 UJ -f-; ;-- 715 I 0 5 WATER QUALITY DATA 3 50 I 750 1or 3 50 II/I :~ ... '' - --~ ' '~ ' ' 3/2• > J JA s c - M ~ 50 "0 ~-· MILITARY WATEll RE~UIREMENTS 0 087 6 0 25 100 0 25 II/I '--'"' '"""-- >-'--. _,, 12/1 0 -- ~ ll__ - ...J -- i 5 I 0 7 SOILS FOUNDATION INVESTIGATION ... a 3 00 I 050 100 3 00 4/1 ~ . 2/17 ii: JIA s N 0 J ------50 100 SURVEYS , PLANT SITE 4 00 I 400 100 4 00 8 3/1 ...... :...:.~ J A 0 I 50 I 0 9 SURVEYS, DISTRIBUTION SYS rEM 5 00 I 750 100 e oo 2 15 - - - I 7chA - ~------~ - -- '5 5) tI T.5 10 ECONOMIC a COST DATA 0 50 0 175 100 0 50 12/1 ,_ 3/Z • /67 J J ., ~ ' ' 0 25 0 150 II ANALYSIS Of FIELD DATA 5 00 I 750 100 ~ 00 11/12~ ~r~ ~.. ~ k:E .. , ,,T"""' ~ 1012~ z """"'""' M A J • J A 0 C> s u; 25 I 50 ' 75 I I 100 IZ TREATMENT PLANT DESIGN 15 00 5 250 100 1500 I/I 10/14 ...0 M .. _A__j___ _j 25 1 ~~5 I ... 13 OISTRIDUTION SYSTEM 10 00 3 500 100 10 00 12/1 ~ :,.";';:',~ ~~~,~~ D·~~ , /21 a: .. JA ' ~ Q. 25 5D 7'5 ICO 14 DESIGN REPORT 10 00 3 500 100 I0,00 I/I . 4 /It /67 .... !A J !A ,, I 2~ I """5b 7'5 II 0 15 ENGR , TREATMENT PLANT aoo 2 BOO 100 8 00 5/1 , " . ..__._..II 2/1 d . M J MJ ' z 0 Z5 ~r.> 11)0 16 ENGR, DISTRIBUTION SYSTElol 0 700 --~~ ..... C> 2-00 100 2 00 1 5/1 . s-- '"':~ ~,12/2 u; I J JA ... 25 I 50 I ,~-to 100 0 17 DnAWINGS, TP.EATMENT PLANT 20 00 7 000 100 20 00 5/1 ~ " l1 7128 I A .< I •O ...J J < 2~ I 50 75 I( 0 z 18 DRAWINGS , DlSoMIBUTION SYSTEM !I 00 I 750 100 s 00 5/1 . . /-t--.:_ ' 2/1 Ii: .. ' - J . n M 0 50 I 0 SPECIFICATIONS I, 750 19 s 00 100 5 00 ...,.,...~ • 2/1

T1TAL JOB 100% 35% 100 00

Figure III-1. Da Nang Forecast and Progress Bar Graph

H H H I V1 ...... -t H I FORECAST S PROGRESS CHART ~ THE RALPH M. PARSONS COMPANY ENGINEERING CONTRACT NO AID 430-1126 REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM ACTUAL PROGRESS FORECASTEO DA NANG MUNICIPAL WATER SYSTEM

!i!2.!£. JOB ORIGINALLY ESTIMATED TO REQUIRE 150 SHEETS OF DWGS FIGURE 111·2 ACTUAL DWGS REQUIRED WERE 186 SHEETS. THIS REPRESENTED 19. 35 % INCREASE IN WORK LOAD. 1965 1966 1967 N D J F M A M J J A s 0 N 0 J F M A M J J 100 ,__ ...... -- ~ ,.., -- ..._... -- -- -~ ,,.., ...... - 90 - ~-" "' i--- "'- w , ",/' _,. ~ w 0 / I er ~:.-- 80 "" , ' I w ,, I i...-- ~ w / / _...... :.-- er • r...--- :::> ;:;:- c 70 u --· w v I ::::: ~ I ~ , ID ~,.. I :> w 60 / c.. VJ C> "/ ~--,, < ,, _( ~" I- / "I' ,,../ ;;:;"' z

Figure III-2. Da Nang Forecast and Progress Curve ------__,.. ~------

H H Figure III-3. Perspective of Da Nang Water Treatment Plant H I ~ contract work. At that same time, AID/Washington desired some modifications in the project support facilities and requested the Consultant to retain a limited staff to keep the contract active beyond the termination date. The contract documents and modifications were completed on November 29, 1967, and demobiliza tion of all the Consultant's field staff took place on December 9, 1967.

Figures III-1 and III-2 show the forecasted and actual progress accomplished for the Da Nang project. Figure III-3 is a perspective of the pro~osed treat ment facilities.

Nha Trang Project

Work on the Nha Trang project was started in November 1965, and consisted of a review of existing data, inspection of existing facilities, and determination of population end water usage requirements. As with the Da·Neng project, investigation revealed that the population of Nha Trang had far exceeded that anticipated in earlier studies, As of December 1965, Nha Trang had a popu lation of 130 ,286, which was more then double the estimated population of 60 ,000 tabulated in Appendix D of the contract. Prior studies end preliminary designs of water facilities for Nha Trang proved to be inadequate to meet the present or future water requirements. In the proposed system~ consideration had to be given to the military' s water requirements. Because of these end other problems, all previous studies proved to be of only academic value in solving the existing water problems of Nha Trang.

A preliminary review of the technical and economical considerations of the area indicated the advisability of utilizing a surface water supply from the Cai River. An investigation of available treatment plant sites eliminated,all but

III-8 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constructors / Los Angeles • New York the Bau Moc Reservoir and the Ong Bo areas, located 1.6 and 4.2 miles, respectively,

from the city. Because of poor security conditions at that time, this investi~a- tion had to be limited to the immediate Nha Trang area.

A program was established to collect information on stream flows, water

quality, water demands, and rainfall, as only meager data were available.

Survey crews obtained topographic information of the proposed plants sites and established center lines, distances, and elevations of all pipeline routes.

Design criteria were developed and, from this information, preliminary designs and cost estimates were made for the proposed distribution system and treatment plant.

This work was frequently hampered by security, political, and transportation problems. The shorta~e of trained Vietnamese personnel, as well as the salary limitations imposed by the contract, increased the time required to accomplish the scope of work.

On July 30, 1966, a design review conference was held to advise USAID and DWS of the Consultant's plannin~ and progress on the Nha Trang project. At this meeting, desi~n criteria, preliminary designs, cost estimates, and analyses of the financial feasibility of the proposed water system were presented for review. Plannin~ was approved and the Consultant was instructed to proceed with the feasibility report and the final design.

Acceleration of the Da Nang project delayed further work on the Nha Trang project until March 1967. Because of this delay, the Nha Tran~ feasibility study was not completed until May 31, 1967.

III-9 The Ralph M. Pars'ons Comp~ny / Engineers • Constructors f 'Los An'ge/es • New York An improvement in security conditions in the Nha Trang area permitted the Con-

sultant to obtain information on a sand-gravel deposit formed by the Cai River, some 5.4 miles upstream. Preliminary tests of this deposit indicated it would be suitable for the use of large-capacity collector wells requiring only

chlorination for treatment. This information was submitted to USAID and DWS

on June 2, 1967, together with a proposal that additional core samplin~ and

construction of two prototype wells be carried out to prove the feasibility of this water source. Contract Amendment No. 5 authorizing this exploratory drilling and well construction work was signed on August 4, 1967. However,

since USAID did not issue a letter of commitment approving the fUnds, the

Consultant could not proceed with the work. Verbal authorization to proceed

was finally received on August 28, 1967. However, within twenty-four (24) d~s,

the Cai River rose and inundated the field site. Therefore, only the exploratory drilling phase of the work was completed. Nevertheless, from the limited data ., collected, the Consultant was able to make firm recommendations on the use of

collector wells as the economical water source.

Because of the delay in obtaining data on the collector wells, the Consultant

decided to prepare two (2) designs for the Nha Trang water ~upply facilities. The recommended design utilized collector wells, storage, chlorination, and

high service pumping facilities. The original design using a surface supply

with a treatment plant would serve as an alternate supply should the collector

wells prove inadequate. These designs were completed on September 29, 1967.

Cost estimates, specifications, and design analyses of the two (2) designs were

not submitted until November 1967, because of a shortage of printing paper.

This concluded the project work for this phase of the contract.

III-10 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constructors / Los Angeles • New York PROG!!ESS KEY FORECAST 8 PROGRESS CHART THE RALPH M. PARSONS COMPANY 715 1 ENGINEERING 1::::::::=:F ,,_0 COMPLETION FORECAST CONTRACT NO AID 430 -1126 REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM t,.st,1$ ts!} ACTUAL PRECEDING MONTHS NHA TRANG MUNICIPAL WATER SYSTEM D ··'-''< l ACTUAL MO .. THS REPORTED FIGURE 111-4 0 N MONTH ENDING ITEM WEIGHTED % % ITEM TOTAL % ITEM JOB 196!5 1966 1967 NO "' JOB CONTRACT COMP. COMP s 0 N ::> J F M A j M J J A s 0 N D J F M A M J J A s 0 WEATHER R IN RAIN :o ICO I REVIEW Of ElCISTl"O CATA 01!0 100 0 50 1/1 0 '° 11/1 5) IC 0 2 INSPECTION Of [lCISUNG FACILITIES 0. 25 0 065 100 0 25 II/I -· I/I 50 I 0 POPULATION 8 WATER USAGE CATA 2 oo 0 52 100 2 00 :z 3 11/1 ·~' 3/') u FM 25 ~ 7 "0 fi 4 STRE4M FLOW D"TA 2 00 0 52 100 2 00 11/1 ' 6 /1: 12._ - - u M J .,, 50 I 0 !I WATEll QUALITY CATA ,. , , .... 4 00 I 04 100 4 00 11/1 ' •' - ' . ' ~" 4/2 8/£7 "' I IU ~ ~ I :>,O I "0 II MILITARY WATEll REQUIREMENTS 0 25 0. 065 100 0 25 11/1 ~ 3/JC c F ....I "' 5 10 7 SOILS 8 fOUNCATIOH INVESTIGATION 4 00 I 040 100 4 00 ~~ ' . . '. ~· "'ii:' JA s 0 J 50 100 " I SURVEYS, PLANT SITE !I 50 I 430 100 5 50 ' .. .. I A ' MA 5 0 __ ,, 5< I Jo II SURVEYS , DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 600 I 56Q 100 6.00 u,' , ,. .. , F A ·•A 25 :~ " 10 ECONOMIC 8 COST CATA 0. 130 100 0 50 I '° 0 12/1 '" .. '° FIJ JA A 0 50 IC II ANALYSIS Of FIELD CATA 5 00 I 30 100 5 00 12 20 ' ·'• r..:,.,,.~~ ~, 4 /2 8/67 2 FM A '-'A iii 25 ) 75 ICP 12 TREATMENT PLANT DESIGN l!I 00 3 90 100 15 00 I/< y > ~. '" ' 4/2 a151 c F MJ - JA ·~·· 0 "' 15 ....I 25 :.< 10 13 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 10. 00 2 60 100 10 00 ;>..o" ~ ~ ... 12/I ' •" ·' ' ' •' . ' a:: . Q. 25 5 5 I 0 14 DESIGN REPORT 1000 2 60 100 10 00 1/1 . ·-· • '< ' . " 5/15 M 0 J M A ' "' 25 75 I 0 IS ENGi! , TREATMENT PLA"T "00 2 OB 100 8 00 7/1 ...... ' .. 9/27 ' ~··· .. J AS C M 67 A M J J z 2.5 50 75 I ICJ 16 ENGR , DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM z.oo 0 52 100 z 00 A 7/1 .. ''# . " '" " ·.. ~'.- r,- -.~ ' "y'' J 7/2• iii J A ... Z5 5.0 75 10 c 17 ORI.WINGS, TREATMEl.T PLANT IS 00 3.110 100 IS.CO 7/1 ~- . ' 9/27 A M J A ....I " < 25 50 7~ I lo 18 DRAWINGS , DISTlllBUTION SYSTEM 5. 00 100 !I.CO < 9/27 :z '· 30 4/1 '' ·,' Ii:: A 'U '" A 0 "' 50 " I 0 II SPECIFICATIO~S l!.00 1.30 100 , 00 . 9/27 J A

TOTAL JOB 100°4 26•/o 1oooq

Figure III-4. Nha Trang Forecast and Progress Bar Graph H H H I ...... H H H I I-' [\)

FORECAST a PROGRESS CHART THE RALPH M PARSONS COMPANY ENGINEERING CONTRACT NO· AID 430 -1126 REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM FORECASTEO NHA TRANG MUNICIPAL WATER SYSTEM • ACTUAL PROGRESS • INCLUOES DESIGN Of ALTERNATE SURFACE WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES FIGURE 1115 1965 1966 1967 N D J F M A M J J A s 0 N D J F M A M J J A s 0 N D 100 - >---- ~ ----- i.-i.-- --- "' I - 90 - '~ - I I I ' I I ,, -- "' i .!.-----· - , -- 0 80 --- , "' I I , I ! 1 I I i ! , "';! ' I , ....--, / I I - I ~ I J.--- I I I 10 -- - I I I I I ! 1::::'~_J ___.L J.• __ ;__ ----1-t--1 -- I r- I I I I %,' I I i I I ~60 I I : I c I/ I I I ,_ I I / v i I I I z l I : I ~50 I I i ....~'-- --1 I I ! I :/,:' I : a: ,,,_,, I ! ! ... I I I I Q. l I I I I ! i I 40 I l ~- i I I I I I I I I i /I I i I I ~ I I ! 30 / ! I l I I ,/' , I I I I I I ! I I 20 v I I I I v I -,,- I I I c--.. -v' 10 ,,...... ,.... ! , -- .- ~ 0 -- - TIME IN MONTHS

Figure III-5. Nha Trang Forecast and Progress Curve -----

...,

A,,r y;~· , ,I

I~ ,,/I

v = F 2'· rc· f -·-=-'f'C:=r-,"'.'I"' ~ _pic··c·~--:---~---~-~ -- - - "!~. -· ::..--...-"-:-;::"::':' _____ --~ ~~·· \ - - \·

ER I AL PE R

r, .... 1 _,•, ;, ,... I ..-: - -_..... - :_,;- .;::=-=---"--'C.JL-=~f-L-=--=-...i.f':...1

H H H I ...... y E w Figure III-6. Perspective of Nha Trang Water Treatment Plant Figures III-4 and III-5 show the forecasted and actual progress obtained for the

Nha Trang project. Figure III-6 is a perspective drawing of the pronosed treatment facilities.

Additional Engineering Projects

Contract Amendment No. 4 increased the scope of work to include the cities of

Vung Tau, Qui Nhon, and Da Lat for which the Consultant was to prepare project

reports for each proposed water supply facility. These reports were to present design criteria, preliminary designs, and cost estimates, all supported by

data in sufficient detail to uphold the principal features of design. This

work was authorized, effective Mey 12, 1967. The engineering activities for each project are summarized in the following paragraphs.

Vung Tau Project

Work on the Vung Tau feasibility stuey was started during Mey 1967, and was completed with submittal of the. report on July 14, 1967.

It was determined that, excluding foreign military personnel, the Vung Tau area had a population of 85,969 as of June 1967; by 1985, this would increase to an estimated 107,000. The initial water requirements were estimated to average

2.9 MGD, increasing to 4.5 MGD by 1985. Investigation revealed that the present water system, which uses shallow wells, delivered approximately 0.25 to 0.5 MGD, with an additional 1.0 MGD obtained from some 2000 nrivate wells. ForeiRn military installations utilized an additional 0.25 to 0.5 MGD, depending on the season of year. The available ground water, consisting of a layer of fresh water perched on salt water, was inadequate to meet demands and resulted in

III-14 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / EngineerJ • ConJtructors / LoJ Ange/eJ • New York numerous wells becoming saline during the dry seasons. Because of the geology

and geography of the area, the Dinh.River, 'located some 15.5 miles northeast of Vung Tau, was the nearest available water source.

The Dinh drainage basin was found to encompass an area of approximately 111.9 square miles. The flow of the Dinh River under high-average rainfall conditions was estimated to be between 75 and 80 MGD, while the drought flow varied from

1.0 to 2.0 MGD, depending upon conditions preceding the drought period. There- fore, to meet the average daily water requirements, it was determined that an extensive impounding reservoir would be necessary for storing water during the five-month period of each year when rainfall produced no runoff. This impound ment capacity was estimated to be approximately 300 MG. The water trom this source was found to be of excellent quality, and required only turbidity removal, chlorination, and pH adjustment for treatment.

The water supply facilities proposed comprised a river intake structure and · pump station, raw water storage basins and pump station, 8.6 miles of.raw water transmission main, and treatment facilities consisting of rapid mix, flocculation and sedimentation basins, filters, and a high service pump station. These facilities are to be initially designed to process 4.o MGD.

The proposed distribution system will be capable of handling a peak-hour capacity of 12.0 MGD and will be served by two 1.32-MG storage tanks located on the two hills at the southern end of the Vung Tau peninsula.

The Vung Tau st·tdy is detailed in the report entitled "A Study, Vunp; Tau

Water Supply Facilities," dated July 1967.

III-15

The Ralph M .. ?arsons Company ,I Engineers.• Constr,1ufors / Los Angeles •'New York ". Qui Nhon Project

Work on the Qui Nhon water supply stuey was started during June 1967, and was

completed with the submittal of the report on August 18, 1967.

The stuey revealed that the water shortages experienced by the people of

Qui Nhon had been aggravated by the U.S. military occupation of a base 3 kilo-

meters southwest of the city. The resultant employment opportunities in end

around the base led many thousands of families to migrate into the area.

Additional thousands of displaced families moved to Qui Nhon to seek military

protection, further compounding this problem. As a result, the Qui Nhon area

contains five to six times its nonnal population. Attempts at relieving this

water shortage were ineffectual primarily because of the problem of ground

water procurement and insufficient funds.

The stuey revealed that the population had increased to 13+ ,282 es of July, 1967,

and would probably increase to 160 ,000 by 1985. Lack of en adequate water " supply could in all probability curb the rate of population increase.

During the war, the city water supply, which consisted of three dug wells, a

pump station, end a small distribution system, was destroyed along with the

town. Presently, en estimated 5000 shallow wells supply approximately 1. 5 MGD,

with another 0.5 MGD being supplied through tank trucks end water vendors. A

small elevated storage tank end five ( 5) shallow wells were partially built

by DWS before work was stopped. Factors contributing to the termination of

this work are described in Section IV of this report.

The city of Qui Nhon is situated on alluvial deposits of unconsolidated sends

and ailts, inte rbedded with cleys. Water well data revealed that a shallow

III-16 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constructors / Los Angeles • ?'few York fresh-water table was perched on saline waters. Overdra~ of the fresh-water

aquifer has caused saline problems with existing wells during period of dry

weather. Estimated ground water sources proved to be inadequate to meet the present and future population demands should a water supply system utilizing

this source be constructed.

Examination of the Ha Thanh, Au Truong, and Con River Basins indicated that

during drought periods these sources of surface water would not be sufficient

to meet Qui Nhon' s demands. Impoundment of these surface supplies could offer

a possible solution; however, to establish feasibility would require appr~xi

mately a year's stuey.

Coring of a large sand deposit on the edge of Ha Thanh River, located approx-

imately 8 kilometers from Qui Nhon, indicated that vertical collector wells would be feasible. It was estimated that six (6) of these collector wells

could supply 5.5 MGD, thus meeting the predicted 1985 water demands. An

8-inch test well with 8 feet of shutter screen, located on the edge of the river gallery, produced 400 gpm. However, before this source of water can be proved, additional coring and testing of prototype wells should be under- taken. This exploratory and testing work was beyond the scope of the contract because of insufficient funds and time.

Water supply facilities proposed in the study consisted of six (6) collector wells with vertical turbine pumps, a chlorination station, 28,000 feet of transmission conduit, 54,ooo feet of distribution lines ranging in size from 6 to 20 inches in diameter, and a 1.3-MG storage reservoir located on Mt. Ba Hoa. These facilities would initially supply Qui Nhon with 5.5 MGD of water at an estimated capital cost of approximately $2.5 million.

III-17 The Ralph M. Parsons Company,/ Engineers • Constructors / L~s,.Angeles •·New York For details of this study, please refer to the report entitled "A Study, Qui

Nhon Water Supply Facilities," dated August 1967.

Da Lat Project

Work on the Da Lat project was started durtng July 1967 and completed with the submittal of the report on September 26, 1967.

The mountainous resort city of Da Lat consists of ten (10) dis~ricts covering an area of 26.9 squar~ miles. The population was 76,408 in July 1967, and was predicted to reach 110,000 by 1985.

The city's existing water facilities consisted of two (2) filter plants with a combined output of 2.06 MGD. A distribution system of approximately 115,000 feet with 1350 metered service connections and fifteen (15) public fountains delivered water to the existing population. The various pressure levels of the distribution system were served by thirteen (13) reservoirs. The system was in need of repair, replacement, and enlargement; however, compared with other areas in Vietnam studied, the Da Lat water system was in reasonably good condition.

The Consultant proposed that the existing water system be used, and its capacity increased by additions and extensions. A total of 1500 additional service connections would be required along with 95,600 feet of distribution system piping ranging in sizes from 6 to 16 inches in diameter.

Lake Dan Kia offered the best solution to the need for an additional water source. The water from this lake was of excellent quality and would require chlorination as the only form of treatment. However, during the rainy season

III-18 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constructors / Los Angeles • New York some problems from turbid! ty occur; to correct this deterioration in water quality, a treatment plant will eventually" be required. It was recommended that a lake intake-pump station with chlorination facilities be constructed at the southeast end of Lake Dan Kia. This station would pump 3. 5 MGD of chlorinated water through 31,350 feet of 24-inch, pipe to the Resemarie

Reservoir for distribution into the system.

To reduce the load on existing treatment plant No. 1, a booster pump station was proposed in the vicinity of Tuan H'lmg Dao and Trinh Minh The. This booster station would be fed through 8500 feet of 12-inch line from the Resemarie

Reservoir. The proposed new pump station, coupled with the output of the two (2) existing plants, would produce 5 .5 MGD, which will meet the demands estimated for 1985.

This study is detailed in the report entitled "A Study, Da Lat Water Supply

Facilities , " dated September 1967.

Conclusions

1. Of the five (5) contract areas studied, Da Lat was the only city not

critically short of minimum daily water needs during drought periods.

2. The water shortages in the areas of Da Nang, Nha Trang, Vung Tau, and

Qui Nhon are further aggravated by the U.S. military who use much of

the limited gro'lmd water supply and contribute to the civilian population

increase by creating employment opport'lmities and security for refugees.

ITI-19 The Ralplh }1· ~arsons' Cqmpa;ny r Enginnr~' ~:_Constructors,; I. Lps Ange(es • ',New York 3. These four (4) cities are potential epidemic areas because of the insanitary ,, conditions resulting from the lack of adequate water supplies.

Recommendations 1. The immediate construction of the Da Nang water system as designed by the Consultant.

2. The immediate construction of temporary water systems utilizin~ collector wells to relieve the water shortages in the Nha Trang and G.ui Nhon areas:

3. Construction of the permanent water systems for the Nha Trang and Qui Nhon areas as soon as practicable. .. 4. The inunediate study and final engineering design of the.proposed water "~' - ' ~. system for the Vung Tau area.

III-20 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constr11ctors;f Los Angeles •'.New York SECTION IV

CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS

Contract AID 430-1126 as amended provided for the Consultant to furnish technical assistance to the Directorate of Water Supply for the construction of six (6) water supply facilities designed by others. These services were to be supplied for the following projects:

Khanh Hung Under construction at start of cont'ract

Quang Tri Under construction at start of contract

Ham Tan Under construction at start of contract

Qui Nhon Under construction at start of contract ,,, True Giang Contract awarded - no construction work'' started

Phuoc Le Contract awarded - no construction work started

The construction costs of these projects were financed by GVN and supportad by

USAID through grants of dollar-purchased commodities in the form of mechanical equipment and pipe, The one exception was the Ham Tan pro,1ect which. except for pipe for the distribution system, was designed and financed entirely by DWS.

According to the terms of the contract, the Consultant was responsible for the following technical services:

1. Assist in the issuing of tender documents previously prepared by others,

analyze tenders submitted, recolllI:lend successful bidders to the Cooperating

Government, and assist in any contract negotiations connected therewith.

2. Evaluate equipment purchased by the contractor and/or DWS, and recommend for

acceptance all construction schedules and shop and erection drawings.

IV-1

The Ralph M. Parsons Co~pany /Engineers,• Constru(/ors / Los Angele~ • N,ew York 3. Inspect, test, and recommend for acceptance all construction work and equi~-

ment installations.

4. Assist in the preparation and negotiation of contract change orders for approval by the Cooperating Government.

5. To the extent that cooperation is available, advise on improvements in

methods of construction, purchasing, and handling o~ materials and equipment,

and assist in the upgarding of Vietnamese contractors.

All contruction work was being performed by Vietnamese contractors with no prior

experience in this type of work. To supervise the construction work,·the

Consultant employed one (1) American construction engineer and six (6) Vi~tn~ese

construction inspectors, as specified in·the contract.

The construction activities for each project during the period of the contract are summarized in the following paragraphs.

Khanh Hung Project

The Khanh Hung water supply facilities were designed by an American engineering firm in 1963. The treatment plant was designed for an initial capacity of 1000 gpm and consisted of packaged-type treatment units manufactured by EIMCO, San Mateo,

California. The treat111ent plant comprised a steel tank "Reactor-Clarifier" and two (2) steel tank circular filters utilizing BIF pneumatic-hydraulic filter valves

!llld controls. The treatment facilities were designed to serve a population of

~pproximately 30,000, based on a 30-gpcd water consumption. The distribution system

~onsisted of approximately 8.0 miles of pipe ranging in sizes from 12 to 4 inches

ln diameter. The total cost of the water system was approximately 15.6 million ?iastres plus US$182,000 in USAID-furnished commodities.

V-2 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constructors /, Los Angeles • New, York Construction of the Khanh Hung water system was accomplished in three phases, with a separate contract for each phase of the work. The distribution system was the first phase of the construction work started and was completed, except for testing, in April 1965. This work was finished before the start of Contract AID 430-1126.

The second phase of construction work was for the treatment plant civil works.

This work consisted of site excavation and grading, construction of all concrete structures and buildings, access roads, dredging for the reservoir, and, in general, all work except the installation of mechanical, electrical and control equipment.

This phase of construction work was started on November 25, 1964 and accepted by

DwS on October 20, 1965. Essentially all of the work was completed before the

Consultant was mobilized in Vietnam.

The contract for the erection and installation of the mechanical, electrical and control equipment was started July 26, 1965 and completed November 23, 1966,

Although this contract specified a completion time of six (6) months, it took the contractor sixteen (16) months to complete the work.

An initial review of the construction drawings by the Consultant revealed several errors in the design of the water treatment plant. The drawings lacked sufficiently accurate construction details; in some cases, information required for the construc tion of an entire system was omitted. A great deal of engineering time was re quired to correct these probleMS so that an operable system could be built.

Because much of the construction work was completed prior to start of this contract, many changes and revisions were required to salvage much of the existing equipment and construction work.

IV-3 The Ralph M. Parsons Co~mpany J Engineers • Constrrutors / Los Angeles • New York The following deficiencies in design and construction were encountered:

1. The chemical storage room floor slab was designed for 250-psf live load

while an actual live load of 600 psf was easily possible.

2. Concrete equipment foundations as de~igned required no anchor bolts.

The Consultant had to prepare drawing showing anchor bolt details.

3. Chemical feeders as designed were located below the liquid level of the

flocculation-clarifier unit with no check valves in lines to prevent

flooding of the nigh service pump room. In addition, chemical feed lines

were too small and were buried underground, with points of application

located too far from the feeders to operate without constant maintenance.

A new chemical feed system had to be designed utilizing the purchased

equipment and the constructed facilities.

4. The fuel oil storage tank for diesel eneines was located inside the con

trol building, presenting a dangerous fire hazard. In addition, the fuel

oil system had been designed for a pu.~ped system; however, no fuel pumps

were specified or shown on the drawin~s. A complete redesir,n of the fuel

storage system was required.

5. The sewage septic tank had been constructed adjacent to the treated water

clearwell, utilizine a common wall between the structures. Relocation of

the septic tank was required.

IV-4 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constructors / Los Angeles • New York 6. The engineering for the electrical system was incomplete. This system

had to be redesigned and revised drawings issued.

7. ~o provisions were required by the drawings and specifications for sealing

the clearwell (potable water storage) from leakage around pumps, floor

washings. or other contaminants that could enter this storage area. The

drawings were revised to correct this deficiency.

8. The exhaust system for diesel-engine-driven pumps locat~d in the control

building and raw water pump station had been omitted. An exhaust system

had to be designed and new drawings issued.

9. As designed, the chlorination system for the treatment plant utilized

chlorine gas. Since this was not available in Vietnam, a new chlorination

system using hypochlorite feeders had to be designed.

10. Equipment and piping arrangements had been drawn without regard for size

or dimension. As a result, individual items of equipment purchased did

not fit the space and size limitations. This required several revisions

and changes in the field, and a redesi~n of equipment foundations and

mounting arrangements.

The problems outlined above were common to four (4) of the treatment plants for which the Consultant provided supervision of construction services.

In addition to the lack of sufficient construction details for the treatment facility, the contractor performing the work had no experience in erection of this type of equipment. The lack of modern construction techniques and

IV-5

The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constructors / Los Angeles • New York equipment resulted in work below acceptable U.S. standards. Shortages of materials and skilled labor coupled with the complex logistics presented problems to the Consultant and the contractor.

Spiralin~ inflation that accompanied the buildup of U.S. military forces in early 1966 further complicated these conditions, The contract for this project was initiated on April 22, 1965. One year later prices had increased approxi mately 250 percent (250%). To avoid losing all of this profit, the contractor was forced to cut costs wherever possible. Because this phase of the construc tion work involved just equipment erection, the only means of reducing expenses was to cut labor costs. As a result, the contractor usually employed only a few unskilled laborers to perform the work.

Fortunately, it was possible to solve the engineering and construction problems described in the preceding paragraphs through the complete cooperation, under standing, and trust of all parties involved in the execution of this project,

By acting as a tchnical advisor to the contractor and in many cases doing part of the physical work, the Consultant was able to keep the project slowly moving toward completion. Although the construction practices employed were often obsolete, the project was successfully completed in November 1966. The construc tion work produced was well below the standards demanded ~n the United States; however, the resulting water supply facilities are now producing potable water for 9,000 to 10,000 people in the Khanh Hung area.

IV-6

The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constructors / Los Angeles • New York This project was dedicated during ceremonies held in Khanh Hung on November 23,

1966. At the dedication ceremonies, Vietnam's iHnister of Public Works, Bui Huu

Tuan, sununarized this project as follows:

"Today I have the great honor of visiting my countrymen in the delta,

the section of the fatherland with vast and fertile rice fields of

which potential resources have not been completely exploited. The

l~ekong delta is the future land of Vietnam, not in decades, but in

centuries to come.

"However, coastal cities such as floe Tranp; (Khanh Hung), Bae Lieu and

Ca Mau will not develop rapidly if the question of potable water remains

unsolved. These cities are located within the salt water intrusion

zone alrr.ost year around. When the rainr season ends, the inhabitants

worry about the shortage of fresh water for cooking and drinking. How

could a city of 40,000 inhabitants, such as this city of Khanh Hung, develop if a municipal water supply is not available? . . .

"The water plant of Khanh Hung, which we are dedicating today, is one of

numerous water supply systems that have been constructed in the delta

region in the past eighteen (18) months.

"Gentlemen, in the name of the P,Overnment, I would like to transfer this

water plant and its 13-kilometer distribution system, amounting to a

total of more than 30 million piastres, to the local authorities and

inhabitants •

IV-7

The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constr11ctors / Los Angeles • New York "This water plant will produce more than 5000 cubic meters of potable

water a day and will meet the ultimate water demand in ten (10) years.

The water plant will be administered by a management committee com-

posed of representatives of both local authorities and inhabitants.

I expect that the management committee will make every effort to

operate the water plant properly so that citizens of all classes can

profit and enjoy havinG a good water supply. • • • "

Figures I\'-1 and IV-2 are photographs of completed Khanh Hung water treatment facilities. Figure IV-3 shows the dedication ceremonies. Figure IV-4 shows the scheduling and progress obtained for this project.

Quang Tri Project

The Quang Tri water supply facilities were designed by an American engineering firm in 1963. The treatment plant was engineered for an initial capacity of

250 gpm utilizing EIMCO packaged-type treatment units similar to the equipment used for the Khanh Hung project.

The treatment facilities were designed to serve an approximate population of

8600. The construction of the civil works was started October 26, 1964 and completed on March 18, 1965. Construction of the distribution system began

October 18, 1966, and was completed on January 18, 1967. Erection and installation of the mechanical equipment started on December 28, 1965 through a mutual agreement contract with the Directorate of Railways, GVN. This work was completed on March 30, 1967.

IV-8 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constructors / Los Angtles • New York Figure IV-1. Khanh Hung Raw Water Pump Station, Clarifier, and Filters

Figure IV-2. Khanh Hung Water Treatment Administration-Control Building IV-9 I

Figure IV-3. Ceremonies Showing Bui Huu Lan, Director of Water Supply, Formally Dedicating Khanh Hung Water Facilities

IV-10 The water supply facilities cost VN$5,008,500 and US$73,000 in USAID-furnished

commodities.

The Consultant encountered the same deficiencies in construction drawings and

specifications for the Khanh Hung project as were observed for the Quang Tri pro-

ject. As a result, much time was required to correct, revise and redesign segments of the treatment system to obtain an operable facility.

Construction work on this project, although below U.S. standards, was generally superior to the work observed on other projects under the supervision of the

Consultant. The erection and installation of the equipment by the Directorate of

Railways were good. With proper construction equipment and some additional training, this organization would be capable of doing a first-rate job.

The major problems encountered in the construction of this project were the lack of materials and transportation. Because of its proximity to the Demilitarize

Zone, military actions in the Quang Tri area made it particularly difficult to move men and materials into the area. As a result, many long delays in construe- tion progress were encountered because of the lack of vital materials and equipment.

The Consultant was able to furnish technical assistance to the contractor in bring- ing this project to a successful completion in March 1967. On !·larch 28, 1967, the water treatment plant and distribution system were dedicated jointly by Prime

Minister Nguyen Cao Ky, Major General Hoang Xuan Lam, Commander of Corps I, and

Defense Minister General Cao Van Vien, all from the Republic of Vietnam.

IV-11 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constructors / Los Angeles • New York H

;-o~ I'\)

CONSTRUCTION STATUS FOR PROJECT CITIES

CO"'TAACT Tlli11 •CTUAL TIME FIGURE IV 4 •• STRECT flESuFl,AClr.G NOT COMPLETED I 8.(S[D ON 0.AT(S PuRNISHID 8Y GVN 0¥1'$ * ORl~INAL CO ... TAACT CAP.CELLED_ OWS TO CON'iTQVCT BT FCACC ACCOur.T

CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS TYPE OF .iTARTl~.G CONTP.AC1 ESTIMATEC PROJECT CONTRACT CATE• TIME • P RCENT 1964 1965 1966 1967 Ci \iPL.ETE J A s 0 .. D J I F A PA ~ J ! A s 0 ri D J F A A s o!N D J F A J J A s 0 N D J I " "' "' I I I I "' "' I I "' CIVIL NO,.r 21° 64 6 MQpr.i IC."'I o-':io I ::~ KHANH HUNG I I I MECH .,'UL 26°6~ t!1 MON 100°4 I I I I 1000 GPM I i ! I --+ ~r DISTR COllilPL£TEO 'MO.., 100°k ', I ' ! ! i I i ~8fz I I I I i I I I I CIVIL ~C'I" 11!1° 6• 4 MOh 100°4 I I i I I t I o~ I I I ~ I ! I I QUANG TRI I ', 1 T .----t=tf I I u'° fAECH IQQ I I I L-Ci:. 215 B~ ! ~ON Ok I I ' u1~ l 250 GPM I I I : I I : I I ;tN ! ' ' ' I I I .. I ~I< I DISTR S "4:JN 100% I o;:r :s· ri' I I I I I I I I I ' I i I I I i ul::: I i I I I I I I I Ch' IL ocr 2c' 64 4 MO"t 100% I ' ' ' I I ! ! o~ I HAM TAN e~1 .. ~ I I . I I I I I I I MECH CANCELLED llo!S r•LLfD 100% ' ~ 2. BT OwS I I I I I 250 GPM I I I I I I i I I l I ' - 'O ! I I I I ' .. .; DISTR COMP,.[T[!i Ci MON 100 % I : I I I I I I I I r i i I I ' I I i - u0 ..~ I PHUOC LE Cl.llL. I I I I I I I i I I I I 8 LCC :R e,, 9 "40N I I I I I I 350 GPM •~% I I I MECH I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I AOMIN i ' i I I I r I I PUMP S[P 2'7'C' 4 MO.,. 95°4 I I I I I I ! ! I I I BLDG I I I ! I I I I I I I I I I i ~j_ I I I ~o WELL I ' I I I I I 0 HIS PROJECT STOPPED UNTL s uOT I i i r QUI NHON SYSTEM SEP %7°£~ 2 MO-. ao 4 l I -+----. I I I T I COMPLETE N ,

Figure IV-4. Khanh Hl.lllg Forecast and Progress Bar Graph Ham 'ran Project

The Ham Tan water supply facilities were desigued by DWS, and consisted of a

manually operated 250-gpm package plant. The treatment facilities will serve a

population of approximately 8600, based on a 30-gpcd water consuption.

Except for some of the distribution system pipe which was furnished by USAID, this entire project was financed by GVN.

As with the Khanh Hung project, the construction of this water system was accomplished by three contracts. The distribution system represented the first phase of construction work and,accordin~ to the records, was completed in October

1964. The construction of the civil works for the treatment plant was begun

October 24, 1964 and,after many delays caused by the Viet Cong, was completed on July 1, 19,P6.

The mechanical erection contractor forfeited his contract in April 1966, and DWS was unable to obtain another contractor becuase of the hazardous security problems in the area. Because of this, DWS decided to complete this project on a force account utilizing their own personnel.

During the month of August 1966, a flash flood in the Ham Tan area washed out the access bridge to the plant site, along with the transmission main from the plant to the distribution system. This damage forced a suspension of all construc tion work on this project for a period of almost four (4) months until a new bridge could be built.

A review of the construction drawings and specifications by the Consultant revealed that this project was the best designed of the treatment facilities

IV-13 The Ralph M. Parsons Cc:>mpany / E-r.gineers • Constructors / Los Angeles • New York under construction. The design was basically the same as that for the Khanh Hung project, but deficiencies previously encountered had been avoided. The only major obstacle was the lack of detailed electrical drawings.

Despite the fact that the civil works construction was marginal, the work performed by DWS in completing the project was good. The DWS construction superintendent had assisted the Consultant during the construction of the Khanh Hung project. Because of this experience, this man was able to take over the construction work fo~ the

Ham Tan project and do a very creditable job. Once the problem of transporting the equipment and materials to the job site had been resolved, the work progressed rapidly.

~any problems with security, weather, transportation, and labor hampered this project from the beginning. This job was often delayed for several months at a time because of one or more of these problems. Considering the many adverse conditions encountered in the field, it is a credit to DWS that this project was ever completed.

With the technical assistance of the Consultant, this project was completed in

August 1967, after almost three (3) years of construction time.

The dedication of tnis water supply system was made by Vietnam's Minister of

Public Works, .vtr. Bui l:iuu Tuan, on September 16, 1967. At the dedication ceremony, ~inister Tuan stated:

"Binh Tuy Province was founded about ten years ago. Its territory

is large, but its people and means are not enough to exploit all its

IV-14 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constr11ctors / Los Ang,.es • New York i.' ...... ·IJll

Figure IV-5. Dedication Ceremony for Ham Tan Water Facilities

Figure IV-6. J, Robison, Assistant Director of USAID, and Minister Bui Huu Tu11n Shown With Province Chief Opening Public Fountain During Dedication of Ham Tan Water Facilities

IV-15 resources. The living otandards of the inhabitants are relatively

low. Particularly, the lack of a water supply was really a difficult

problem for the 3000 inhabitants of Ham Tan and 10,000 inhabitants of

Lagi.

"At Ham Tan, the ground water has a high iron content; at Lagi,

because of its location near the sea, the water is salty all year

round. The local people had to walk 3 to 4 kilometers in the hot sunshine looking for f'resh water, shouldering buckets of water or

pushing water carts.

"Tne government cannot turn away from these miserable and unfortunate

living circumstances. The government persists in improving the popula-

tion's living standards, despite our present warlike situation, despite

the difficulties of conununication and transportation between Saigon and

Ham Tan, and continuous increase of sabotages from the enemies. And

s i.nce today the drinking water supply to Ham Tan-Lagi inhabitants will be

improved.

"The government, with the help of USAID, has spent 15 million piastres

to establish tne Jlam Tan water system. That's the funds used in four

previous years, equivalent to 30 million piastres of today's value.

"The completion of the Ham Tan water plant today reflects the strongest

desire and greatest efforts of everybody to build up our country amidst an extremely difficult situation caused by the war. .II .

Figures IV-5 and IV-6 show the dedication ceremony.

IV-16 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • C~nstructors / L_~s Angeles • New 'York Qui .lfhon Project

The Qui Hhon water supply facilities as designed consisted of five (5) shallow du~ wells, a chlorination-control building, and a distribution system with an elevated storage tank. From available pumping data it was estimated that the system could produce 0.6 l-1GD and support a population of approximately 14,350 at a 30-gpcd water usage. In July 1967, however, the population of Qui Nhon was 131,282, making the proposed facilities completely inadequate.

Work on the chlorination-control building and well system was started

September 27, 1965, while work on the storage tank was begun on January 24, 1966.

Poor planning, construction and judgement plagued this project from the beginning. Shortly after construction had started on the shallow wells, refugees began to move onto the construction site, and within a few months the area was completely occupied. They constructed housing of any type of material available.

The pa.rtially completed wells were used by the refugees as a source of water supply. With no sanitary facilities available, garbage, trash and human excreta littered the shallow depressions around the wells. With the sandy, porous soil that existed at the site, contamination of the shallow wells soon became apparent.

To further complicate this problem, a U.S. military installation adjacent to the well field constructed sewage and waste water drainage ponds within 50 feet of three (3) of the project wells. This added to the contamination of the shallow water aquifers of the well field.

IV-17 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constructors/ Los.Angeles • New York ' _,1' ! ' ' l Figure IV-7. Elevated Storage Tank at Qui Nhon Showing Bowed Support Columns

IV-18 The construction of the elevated storage tank was poor as the contractor had deviated from the plans and specifications wherever possible. The support columns of the partially completed elevated tank were bowed and twisted.

A structural anal:,•sis of this tank as built revealed that when completed and filled with water, the structure would be ninety-two percent (92%) overstressed and subject to fail1u·e.

Despite repeated warnings by the Consultant that the construction work for this project was unacceptable, the contractor continued without correcting his work. As a result of the problems caused by poor construction, an inadequate water source, and the refugee conditions, DWS stopped all work on this project in February 1967, until a study of the water supply system could be made.

The Consultant completed this study and submitted a report entitled "A Study -

Qui Nhon Water Supply Facilities" in August 1967. At the conclusion of this contract, no further work had been started toward solving the acut~ water shortage problem experienced in the Qui Nhon area.

Figures IV-7, IV-8, and IV-9 depict the construction conditions encountered with the Qui Nhon project.

. · IV-19 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers"• Constructors /.Los Angeles •., New York ...... '

Figure IV-8. Shallow Well Surrounded by Refugee Housing at Qui Nhon

Figure IV-9. Partially Completed Well at Qui Nhon Showing Ove~flow From Sewage Lagoon IV-20 True Giang Project

The True Giang water supply facilities were originally designed for the city of

Phan Rang in 1963 by an American engineering firm. Equipment and supplies were

purchased in preparation for construction; however, a deterioration in military

conditions in the Phan Rang area prevented the awarding of a construction con-

tract. To correct this condition, DWS redesigned the Phan Rang treatment facili-

ties for the city of True Giang because of similarity in water requirements.

This 700-gpm package-type treatment plant utilizes equipment similar to that used

for the Khanh Hung project. The treatment facilities were sized to serve a

population of approximately 24,ooo based (>n a 30-gpcd water consumption. The

distribution system consisted of approximately 3.0 miles of pipe ranging in

sizes from 4 to 12 inches in diameter. The total cost of this project was esti-

mated to be VN$6,750,ooo plUl:. US$63,000 in USAID-furnished corranodities.

This project was to be constructed under two contracts, one fo.r the distribution

system and the other for the treatment facilities and main feeder line. Con-

struction of the distribution system was started December 29, 1965, and was com-

pleted in July 1967, except for pressure testing and sterilization. Work on the

treatment facilities was only partially completed at the conclusion of the Con-

sultant's contract on December 9, 1967, The construction status is shown in

Table IV-1.

Construction progress on this project has been slow because of the contractor's

poor planning, mistakes, and lack of interest. Frequently, only a few laborers

were on the job. In addition, the construction work has been hindered by the

IV-21 · The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constructors / Los Angeles • New York TABLE IV-1

CONSTRUCTION STATUS FOR TRUC GIANG 1

Construction Phase Estimated Percent Complete

Civil work

Administration building 93

Raw water pump station 97 Generator building 98 Pipe lines

Transmission main 97 Treatment plant yard piping 100

Electrical work

110-volt systems 70

220-volt systems 90 Mechanical equipment erection Raw water pumps 95 High service pumps 95 Hydropneurnatic water system 95 Chemical feeders 95 Chlorinators 95 Instrumentation and controls 60 Clarifier and filters 95 Plant site

Fencing 90

Site earthwork 75

Overall percentage of completion 90

1 Status as of December 1, 1967.

IV-22 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constr11ctors / Los AnKeles •New York shortage of materials, labor and transportation, as well as security problems.

Frequent mortar attacks, aimed at the adjacent military installation, have resulted in some damage to this project. Harassment of this type usually stopped work at the job site for several days because of fear of another attack, When working conditions have been good, materia~ shortages have caused delays. The contractor has continued to show no concern for these problems and has attempted to solve them only after the delays had occurred. Construction work was approximately fifteen (15) months behind schedule at the conclusion of the Consultant's contract.

The quality of work for this project was below acceptable standards. Frequently, completed work had to be repaired or rebuilt because of improper materials, poor workmanship or errors. While the quality of construction work observed for this project has been below the established minimums, it probably will not result in any serious structural or equipment failures. However, the useful life of the facilities will most likely be shortened because of the quality of work.

Because the Consultant had no authority to stop these practices, the only alternative was to advise those in authority of these conditions and problems as they occurred.

Phuoc Le Project

Like the True GianB project, the water supply facilities for Phuoc Le were modified from plans originally intended for Tuy Hoa. Once again, the location was changed because poor ser:urity conditions made it impractical to plan further work in the

Tuy Hoa area. DWS made the necessary design revisions for the change in site.

IV-23 Thi! Ralph,'M',·1~arsons Co~p any / .~ngineers • Constmctors / ~~s. ~f}geles.·t .. New York

' I ' 1 I ; ; ' • ~' The water supply facilities consisted of package-type treatment units similar

to those utilized for Khanh Hung, except that the capacity was designed for

350 gpm. The treatment plant could serve a population of 12,000, based on a

30-gpcd water demand.

The Phuoc Le project consisted of a raw water pump station, transmission line

and treatment plant. The city of Phuoc Le has an existing distribution system which has been enlarged by the local public works department. The entire pro-

ject was estimated to cost VH:li5,900,000 in addition to the US:li63,000 in USAID-

furnished commodities. The contract for construction was awarded December 18,

1965 for a nine-month construction period.

The contract work was nearing completion at the end of the ·Consultant's contract, with the status estimated as shown in Table IV-2•

While progress on the Phuoc Le project has been slow, the work produced by this contractor has been above the average of that encountered on the other projects under the Consultant's supervision. The usual labor, material, transportation' and security problems hampered this job from the beginning. However, the contractor was cooperative and seemed interested in doing a good jl"'lb. While workmanship was below expected 1;tandards, the finished work will be acceptable under the conditions which the contractor was forced to work.

Ti1is project should be completed and in operation by early 1968. Figures IV-10 and IV-11 are views of the Phuoc Le treat~ent plant.

IV-24 The Ralph M. Parrnns Company / Engineers • Constrtutors / Lor Angeles • New York Figure IV-10. Construction of Phuoc Le Water Treatment Plant

Figure IV-11. Clarifier and Filters for Phuoc Le Water Treatment Plant TABLE IV-2 CONSTRUCTION STATUS FOR PHUOC LE 1

Construction Phase Estimated Percent Complete Civil work Administration building 98 Raw water pump station 95 Yard piping

Piping from raw water pump station to treatment plant 100 Plant piping and connection to distribution system 100 Electrical work

110-volt systems 99 220-volt systems 99 Equipment installation

High service pumps 99 Hydropneumatic water system 100 Chemical feeders 100 Chlorinators 100

Clarifier and filters 100

Instrumentation and controls 100

Rw water pumps 100 Plant site

Fencing 100

Grading and earthwork 100 '\ i '

Overall percentage of completion 99

1 Status as of December 1, 1967.

IV-26 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constr,uc~ors / Los A,.ngeles • New York Conclusions

1. Vietnamese contractors lacked experience and equipment to adequately perform

the type of construction work required for the water supply facilities.

2. Contractors were penalized in performance of their work by the severe

inflation which took place in Vietnam from 1965 through 1967.

3. Contractors were hampered in the performance of their contracts because of

the shortage of materials and skilled workmen.

4. The Consultant lacked authority to stop work , withhold payments, or in any

wa:y control the contractors in the performance of the work,

5, The Consultant lacked sufficient American supervisory personnel to adequately

control the six (6) projects which were all simultaneously under construe-

tion in scattered and remote areas of Vietnam.

6, Engineering, planning and construction documents for the water supply

facilities were inadequate for construction purposes.

R~~commendations

1. Development and training of a DWS construction division to handle the build-

ing of major water supply facilities.

2. Employment of an American construction firm to help organize, train, and

advise the DWS construction division,

3. Employment of an American engineering firm to help organize, train, and advise

the DWS design section in or 1er to increase its engineering capacities for

solving complex water supply problems.

IV-27 The Ralph M. Parsons Company. / Engineers • Cons~r;rutors / L_os, Angeles •.New York ' (:; ') . SECTION V

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PROGRESS

Contract AID 430-1126 as amended provided for the Consultant to furnish training of Vietnamese personnel in the operation and maintenance of the following city water facilities:

Facility Status as of January 1966

Long Xuyen Started operation July 1963

Ban Me Thuot Started operation May 196li

Rach Gia Started operation June 1964

Khanh Hung Under construction

Quang Tri Under construction

Ham Tan Under construction

Qui Nhon Under construction

True Giang Cont~act for construction awarded

Phuoc Le Contract for construction awarded

In addition to the training program, the Consultant was to prepare operation and maintenance manuals in both English and Vietnamese for each water facility.

Work on the operation and maintenance program was started on December 21, 1965, with an inspection of the Long Xuyen water system. The 1000-gpm treatment facility consisted of a chemical storage area, "Acee later" treatment basin, filters, high service pump, and clearwell, all built into an integral building.

V-1 The Ralph M. Parsons· Company / Engineers • Constructors / Los Angeles• New York This water system was placed in operation during July 1963. While the treatment facilities appeared to be well planned and equipped, subsidence of the south-

western corner of the structure had created numerous cracks in the building walls and roof slab. Some of these cracks were approximately 2 inches wide and had extended the entire diagonal length of the wall. The treatment basin had tilted

approximately 3 inches, creating higher effluent velocities on one end of the

fixed concrete launders. Because the "Ac~elator" treatment unit depends upon the

"up-flow" principle for water clarification, the tilted launders had materially

reduced the effective treating capacity of this unit.

In addition to the building subsidence problem, several deficiencies in the

operation and maintenance of the plant were observed. These were reviewed with the plant oper&ting personnel and instructions were given on how to correct and/or repair these defects. A report on the Consultant's findings was submitted to DWS and USAID on January 11, 1966, together with recommendations for improvements of the Long Xuyen plant.

On December 28, 1965, an inspection trip of the Ban Me Thuot water facilities was made for the purpose of providing technical assistance in ope~ation and maintenance. It was found that the water treatment plant was in good operating condition and, according to the plant laboratory reports~ was producing water of acceptable quality. The plant presented a neat and orderly appearance, reflect- ing favorably on those responsible for its operation. The few problems observed were reported in January 1966. Plant operating personnel were given instructions on corrective procedures.

V-2 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constructors J Los.'Atfge/es • New York During the month of January 1966, an insp~ction of the Rach Gia water facilities was made for purposes of providing operation and maintenance training. The 880- gpm-capaci ty treatment plant had been designed and built by the Degremont Company of France, utilizing treatment units sold under the trade nmne of "Pulsator''.

The poor condition of this plant indicated inadequate maintenance. Although the treatment plant had been in operation for only two (2) years, it had the appearance of a 15-year old installation, and much of the equipment had been damaged or was in need of repair. This was attributed to the presence of ARVN troops who had been quartered in the treatment plant to provide protection be cause of the poor security conditions. The lack of spare parts of replacement units accounted for the inoperable conditions. Poor design and construction work compounded the operational difficulties. Therefore, instructions were given to plant personnel for operating the facilities until the necessary re pairs could be made.

Two dry chemical feeders were ordered for this plant to help correct the treat ment process. Instructions for the installation of this equipment were given and points where the chemical solutions were to be applied were indicated.

The Vietnamese girl who had been trained as the laboratory technician could no longer work at the plant because of the soldiers stationed there. With no laboratory control, approximately $750 worth o! laboratory equipment supplies had either been damaged or lost. Arrangements were made to send one of the operating personnel to Saigon to be trained as a replacement for the laboratory te chni ci an.

V-3

The Ralph_ M. Parsons Co_m paI?-y /'·Engineers •.· ~,onst rue/ors / Los Angele's,•. New York Generally, very little training could be provided at this facility until the necessary replacement equipment and spare parts could be obtained. Despite these many problems, the plant still produced water for the city each day. Although the water was of doubtful quality, this was better than none.

Operational startup and maintenance training was provided for the Khanh Hung water system during the months of October and November 1966. This was supple- mented with frequent follo~up checks at monthly intervals.

During the months of February and March 1967, the same type of operational s~art- up training was provided for the Quang Tri facilities. However, because of the difficulty in traveling to this area, f,llowup training was suspended.

On May 8, 1967, the Consultant initiated the operators' training school at the

Khanh Hung water treatment plant. Only six trainees enrolled in this school, one each from the cities of Quang Tri, Phuoc Le, Ham Tan, True Giang, and two from

Khanh Hung. The trainees received a total of 330 hou1·s of instruction in the va1·ious phases of water works operation. Table V-1 summarizes the hours of training rec~ived for each subject.

The training course was received with interest and enthusiasm by all the students.

Attendance was good and cooperation high. Having the trainees transform the

~heorical or classroom instruction into actual operating practices presented the v,reatest problem. This was particularly difficult with manual tasks such as cleanup, operational checks, and preventive maintenance procedures. However, through repetition and emphasis, the trainees began to grasp the importance of these procedures.

V-4 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constr11ctors / Los Angeles,• New York td - 1 • ' TABL;~ V-1

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE TRAINING COURSE

Total Hours of Subject Trainin~ Received

Orientation 12

Mathematics 53

Hydraulics 12

Water chemistry 42

Chlorination 12

Clarification 17 Filtration 28

Pumps and drives 38

Electrical systems and controls 12 Distribution and storage 24 General maintenance and safety 34 Operation and recorQs 46

Total 330

At the conclusion of the training school on July 8, 1967, each student was pre-

sented a certificate signifying that he had successfully completed the prescribed

course of instruction in water works operation and maintenance.

Despite the small number of training candidates, the training school was a success

and the desired objectives were generally reached. Figure V-1 shows the training

school in progress.

V-5 The R~lp~· M. Parsons Company / Engtneers • Constructors/ L~s.Angele~·· New Yo1'k / '

r /jfl~~I-~ '---~71Y~.:-< l \ j ~ '.. , .. \ \ :~~ \ l l I ------::- v

..~ ~ i~ "~r ...

F'i~Ul"e V-1. Operation anc Maintenance Training School in Progress

V-6 Operation and maintenance manuals for the following water supply facilities were

prepared in both the English and Vietnamese languages and submitted to DWS and USAID during the month of September 1967:

Khanh Hung

Quang Tri Ham Tan

Phuoc Le

True Giang

The operation and maintenance program was estimated to have reached eighty percent (80%) of the desired objectives by the end of the Cons~~tant's contract.

Many problems plagued this program from the beginning. At the start, a contract amendment was negotiated to provide for a water works engineer to implement this program. However, the amendment authorizing employment of the additional personnel was not signed until August 25, 1966. The letter of commitment authorizing expenditure of funds covered by the amendment was not received by the Consultant until August 9, 1967, almost a year later. Without this authorization, AID/ Washington would not approve the hiring of the personnel for work on this program.

In addition, the Consultant had difficulty in obtaining qualified personnel who were willing to work in Vietnam on a single-status basis.

Despite these delay1, the training program as conducted by the Consultant proved to be highly successful. For example, the Khanh Hung water facilities started operation during November 1966, with a total of five (5) service connections.

At this time, water service w~s poor and interruptions meny; however, within ten

V-7 ; The Ralph M.,P~rsons Company-,/ Engine.er.r •· Cons,tructors, / Los .(1.ng'eles, • New York

I ' (10) months there were over Boo connections serving approximately 8000 people and water service was uninterrupted. When compared with the other systems in

Vietnam which have been in operation for several years and serving only a few hundred people, this progress was remarkable.

The Consultant strongly urges continuation of an operation and maintenance program to protect the capital investments in water systems provided by both

USAID and GVN. Without this training and continual technical assistance, any progress made Yill be negated. The Viet Cong will attribute the resulting economic, politi~al, and welfare losses to the ineptness of the central government and the AID program.

Figures V-2 and V-3 show the forecast and progress accomplished on this program.

Conclusions l. Without technical assistance and continuotis training, previously constructed

water supply systems will generally tend to deteriorate rapid!y, with a loss

of capital investments.

2. With some teqhnical assistance and training in operation and maintenance

procedures, Vietnamese personnel do a creditable Job.

3. The financial success of the AID-financed water systems will be almost

wholly dependent upon some outside technical assistance and mr:magement direc- ; ti on for the first three to four years of operation.

V-8 ' The Ra! ph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constru,ctors / Los, Angeles • New York 4. To partial~ relieve the shortage of manpower, women can be satisfactorily

employed to operate w~ter facilities.

Recommendations

The Consultant recommends continuation of the operation and maintenance program on a limited basis to provide the training and technical assistance necessary during the initial years of operation of water systems.

V-9 The Ralph M.,Parsons Company / Engineer.£ • Constructors / Los Angeles • New York I .,,_ ~

PROGRESS KEY FORECAST a PROGRESS CHART IOO OPERATION a MAINTENANCE PROGRAM THE RALPH M PARSONS COMMNY I % COMPLETii)tj FORECAST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM CONTRACT NO AID 430 -1126 ACTUAl. PRECEDlll!G MONTHS MUNICIPAL WATER SYSTEMS _,2t4fa ACTUAL MONTHS REPORTED 0 N FIGURE V 2 ..... % WEJGHTEDf MONTH ENDING u ITEM % % TOTAL % ITEM JOB 196!5 1966 1967 ... NO ITEM 3 JOB CONTRACT COMP COMf> 0 N D J F M A M J J A 0 N D M - s s J F A M J J A s 0 IE WEATHER R IN RAI R IN i11ll I FIELD l"IVESTl8ATIOfl II 0.116 711 0.42 I z " .., I REPOftT OF FINDINH II 01111 !10 0 211 s "' ~"' -.;]"[ I C.Ul8N REVIEW I II I 11• 50 0114 '·" " "' JA ' ,0 I IO I " f 0 a lrl lrlANUALS 40 444 70 J.11 " I ~ A I I '~ •r II 0 ... TRAllllN9 !II ll ea 0 0 00 ! i '.::=.. "" I I I I l'IELD INVHTl9ATION II 01111 50 0 211 " I I I I I I I RIPOln' 01' FINDIN81 II 0 Bii !10 0 211 I I I I.., I DUl8N REVIEW Ill I 117 110 0114 " " I I :II ' I 4 0 a II MAlll\JALS 40 4 44 70 3 11 I "' I I i I ~ 0 I ";) GI II 0 a II TRAININ9 !II 311 0 000 I "" I I I IC ' ' I I I l'llLD INVESTl9ATION II 0 1111 !10 0 211 I I I "' c ! REPORT OF FINDINIS II o ee 50 0.28 . I i ! I i; -,. it\ I IO ll DEll9N REVIEW I 8 I 117 !O o eo I 0 I I I I ' ~v I u c 4 o a 1r1 Mf.NUALS 40 444 70 3 II i ' I CZ: I l i ' I I "" u .,,~ I I 2 ~ II oa1r1 TRAINING !II ll Bl 0 0 00 II I I I I i I I Ofo I I 100 ' ' I FIELD INVESTKIATION 5 0 511 100 0 511 ! I r 0 ~ T7 ' '1 ! REPOPT OF FINDINGS II 01111 100 0 1111 I .. - i I I ' ~ -,, ~n ll DESIGN REVoEW I!! I 67 100 I 67 ' i i ' • n ! c I I I 50 4 O~lrl lrlAHUALS 40 4 44 100 4 44 I : I DI /3 :z: I ~lli 'C . ' , Z.5, :l.0 I I 5 II oa1r1 TllAININ9 !B !1111 100 ! lie i I 1007/Ze ' ' M 50 ' 101> I l'IELD INVEITl9ATION II 0116 100 0 1111 I ' I i 0 I I I ii: t REPORT 01' FINDIOl9S Q Bii 100 0 116 ,,. 1/31 I I ..... ' I I ' ' ~( ! DUlllN REVIEW Ill 1117 100 I 67 ' 1/3 ;, 'JA I 5 r 50 :::::i 4' 0 611 MANUALS 40 444 100 4 44 ! 8/10 0 I I ' '5 I 0 a II TRAININll !II ll 68 100 !1111 ART !APR 3" 8110 sir .. . J

Figure V-2. Operation and Maintenance Forecast and Progress Bar Graph !"ROGRES<; "'"Y FORECAST 8 PROGRESS CHART -·-- OPERATION a MAINTENANCE PROGRAM THE RALPH M. PARSONS COMPANY ~ % COMPLETION FORECAST ""EPUBLIC OF VIETNAM CONTRAr.T NO AID 430-1126 ..,...,, ACTUAL PRECEDING MONTHS MUI\ ~IPAL WATER SYSTEMS ~N ACTUAL MONTHS REPORTED FIGURE Y-2 (CONTINUED)

MONTH ENDING u... ITEM 'JI. WEIGHTED 'JI. 'JI. TOTAL 'JI. ITEM JOl!I 1965 i966 "'., t'O. ITEM 1967 a:0 JOB CONTRACT COMP COMe s 0 N D J F M A M J J A s 0 N 0 J F M A M J J A s 0 IL WEATHER R IN DAii R IN

I fl ELD INVESTIGATION II 0 !18 100 0 !IS • J J z 2 REPORT OF FINDINGS II OH 100 0.!16 . ~ 0 In :s DESIGN REVIEW Ill I ST 100 I f.7 , 1121! ::E • 1 c " 5., ' ... :r 4 OaM MANUALS 40 4 44 100 4 44 8/10 A' n - J . 5 ____.,!! 0 8 oaM TRAINING :SS :s 88 100 :s 81 ST< RT Al R 3 8/10 M I I flELD INVESTIGATION !I 0 !Ill 100 0'6 A 0 0z 2 REPORT OF flNDINGS !I 0 1111 100 • 511 2/2~ c( 0110 J 6 3 DESIGN REVIEW l!I I. 87 100 I 117 8/10 u J A M ::> - •o I 0 a: 4 , a M MANUALS 40 4 44 100 4 44 ~ ,,-. 9/IC ... 0 N J . II a .. TRAINING 311 3 811 100 3 88 STAR APR 3 " J 0 " I ELD IN iES'i'IGATION II 0 116 100 0116 '" J. ~·11 .I - - l(l - 2 Al PORT (JF flNDINGS !I 0 !16 100 0 ti6 "'..J J D J 'n I In u 3 DEi:IGN REVIEW Ill I 67 100 1.67 Im=:" 7/2~ 0 M J :r ! 0 IC.. "" 4 oaM \IANUALS 40 4.44 100 4 44 B/10 IL • c ' " I !I o a M TRAINING 311 3 ea 100 3.88 STAR AP 3 M J 5 I I FIELD lllVESTIGATION II 0 !16 100 0 Ill' ' 50 ·" z 2 REPORT OF flNDINGS !I o.!16 100 0 !16 " 0 :r ''" T IS P OJEC STI PPEO ~NTIL REOI SIGN sn z 3 D£S16N REVIEW Ill I. 87 100 I 67 c $YS EM AN BE I ADE THER ., "" 5 F RE ~ ORK MARK 0 C MPLE ED 0 5 I 0 4 0 a M MANUALS 40 4 44 100 4 44 P OPER y VI IGHT bSM PROC RAM 50 I' IO II o au TRAINING 311 3.18 100 3.88 ' -lW!.. 11.11 7911!1

Figure V-2. (Continued)

196~ 1966 1967 N D J F M A M J J A 0 N 0 J F M A M J J A s 0 N 100 I s .,.,,,...... _,. ~ 90 v / v 80 / ,,/ -- - , ,-- / / 70 , ,,,. 7 / ~ ... ,/ a!!!.. .. / C> ,,, "' 0 It I/ a. 0 , , " / '" , :t .. / ,,,,_- .. -- .... !': L-- z "' v - -- 0 40 ------.... v ,, ,, " w ~""~ 0 / ,;' 0 .... / _,,. 30 -- :i::"' / -- -- I ,,./ I --- I 20 I /v v I ,,,.... / ,,,, 10 ...... _... , ...... - - 0 ------I TIME IN MONTHS

Figure V-3. Operation and Maintenance Forecast and Progress Curve SECTION VI SUMMARY DATA

The contract U.S. dollar expenditures through December 31, 1967, are summarized and presented in Table VI-1; Table VI-2 is a recapitulation of all piastre costs. Table VI-3 reflects all monies obligated and expended on the contract.

These tables summarize the financial costs for performing the work described in other sections of this report.

TABLE VI-1

U.S. DOLLAR EXPENDITURES THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1967

Contract Expenditures Amount Field Office: American salaries $175,655.58 Th~rd National salaries 19,522.03 Fringe: 20% x 80% of total salaries 31,228.42 Overhead: 60% x 80% of U.S. salaries 84,314.68 Qua;:ter and separation allowance 27,674.39 Oth·~r direct cost 46,157.12 Drill subcontractor 18,ooo.oo Well screens (including freight charge) 6,062.00

Total cost $408,614.22 Saigon Branch Office: Direct labor U.S. and TCN $ 74,824.92 Overhead: 70% 52,377.44 PEcy"roll expenses 15,838.03 Other direct costs 31,579.46

Total cost $11'~ ,619. 85 Home Office: Direct labor U.S. $ 21,917.66 Overhead~ 70% 15,342.36 PEcy"roll expenses 4,495.96 Other direct costs 24,545,68 Fee 41,000.00

Total cost $107, 301. 66

Total cost of program to date $690,535,73 VI-1 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Conslr11ctors / Los Angeles • New York TABLE VI-2

PIASTRE EXPENDITURES THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1967

Contract Expenditures Amount

Office equipment and fixtures VN$402,292

Local salaries 7,897,251 Reproduction 699,132

Stationery and office supplies 81,694

Automobile expense 293,963 Freight and postage 49,358

Communication 131,390

Transportation 251,390

Subsistence 1,449,438

~uarter allowance 403,759 Miscellaneous 1,800,149

Subtotal VN$13,539,816

Job No. 3718-5 Soil Investigation 544,888

Job No. 3718-5 Saigon Brw1c,1 Office expenditures 599,902 Total cost for contract VN$14,684,6o61

Funds received from GVN 12,010,985 Balance to be reimbursed by GVN VN$2,673,621

1Equivalent to $184,299 in U.S. dollars. Exchange rate used: Oct. 1965 through June 1966, 72.77 to 1 US$; July 1966 through Oct. 6, 1967, 79.20 to 1 US$; Oct.7, 1967 to date, 118.00 to 1 US$.

VI-2 The Ralph M. Pnrsons Company / Engineers • Constructors / Los .Angeles • New York TABLE VI-3

SUMMARY OF CONTRACT FINANCIAL DATA THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 19671 ,....._ Source Host Item USAID Country Other Total

Amount progra.r-:.cd Dollars 737,022 737,022 Local currency 178,509 178,509 Other currencies None None Total 737,022 178,509 915,531 Amount committed under contract and Amendments No. l thru 5 Dollars 737,022 737,022 Local currency 178,509 178,509 Other currencies None None Total 737,022 178,509 915,531 Amount reserved for planned future procurement Dollars None None Local currency None None Other currencies None None Total None Non., None None Amount reserved for contingencies Dollars None None Local currency None None Other currencies None None Total None None None None Unpaid earning to date Dollars 134,060 134,060 Local currency 32,719 32,719 Other currencies Uone None Total . 134,060 3:::)'(19 None 166, Tf9 Amount expended to date2 Dollars 690,535 690,535 Local currency 184,299 184,299 Other currencies None None Total 690,53c; 184,299 None 874,834

1All data reported in U.S. dollar equivalents. 2 Unpaid earnings figure is included. VI-3

The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers~· Constructors / Los Angeles • New York The financial data. for the various construction contracts for which the Consultant provided supervision of construction services are summarized in Tables VI-4 , through VI-12. Because tl:l~c:ie contracts were all between DWS and variotis Vietnamese contractors, the Consultant was not involved in approving or authorizing payments of any construction expenditures. The information presented in these accounts was supplied by DWS.

'TI-4

The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constructors /Los Angel,es • New York TABLE VI-4

CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT FOR QUANG TRI WATER PLANT (Civil Work)

Item Data Explanation

Construction contractor Le Diem and Nguyen Huu Tiem Contract number 1603-BCC/NSKTVL/l Date of contract Oct. 26, 1964 Type of contract Fixed price

Contract completion date Mar. 18, 1965 Scheduled percentage complete 100% Anticipated completion date Nov. 20, 1Y65 Actual percentage complete 100%

Change Orders issued None Change Orders anticipated None

Contract price Dollars None Local currency VN$1,650,ooo Other currencies None

Anticipated final price Dt"llars None Local currency VN$1,650,ooo Other currencies None

Payments to contractors to date Dollars None Local currency VN$1,372,635 Other currencies None

Contractor earnings to date Dollars None Local currency None Other currencies None

VI-5

The Ralph ·M.· Par.sons Company,·/ Engin.eers' • Constructors / Los Angele! • New York TABLE VI-5

CONSTRUCTION r,ONTRACT FOR QUANG TRI WATER PLANT LDistribution System)

Item Data Explanation

Construction contractor Nguyen Van Lien Contract number 281/CC/h.'Tl Date of contract Aug. 11, 1966 Type of contract Fixed price

Contract completion date Jan. 18, 1967 Official starting date, Oct. 18, 1966; Contract time, 3 months; System dedicated March 28, 1967 Scheduled percentage complete 100%

Anticipated completion date Mar. 18 1 1967 Actual percentage complete 100%

Change Orders issned None Change Orders anticipated None

Contract price Dollars US$29,000 Commodities furnished -,by USAID Local currency VN$2,000,000 Other currencies None

Anticipated final price Dollars US$29 ,000 Corunodities furqi~hed by USAID Local currency us$2,ooo.ooo Other currencies None

P~ents to contractors to date Dollars None Local currency VH$1,531,92l. 78 Other currencies None

Contractor earnings to date Dollars Unknown Local curi·ency Unknown Other currencies Unknown

VI-6 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constructa,rs / Los Angeles • New YHl: TABLE VI-6

CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT FOR QUANG TRI WATER PLANT (Mechanical Erection)

Item Data Explanation

Construction contractor Directorage of Railways Contract number 1016-BCC/NSKTVL/l Date of contract Oct. 27, 1965 Type of contract Fixed price

Contract comp.1 -tion date May 28, 1966 Schedul~d per~entage complete 100% Anticipated completion date Mar. 31, 1967 All mechanical equipment in stalled tested, adjusted, and initial operation completed on Mar. 30, 1967 Actual percentage complete

Chang~ Orders issued None Change Orders anticipated None Contract price Dollar& us$44,ooo ~onunodities furnished by USAID •...,, ,, Local currency VN$1,358,500 Other currencies None Anticipated final price Dollars us$44,ooo Commodities furnished by USAID r.ocal currency VN$1,358,500 Other currencies None

Payments to contractors to date Apr. 20, 1966 Dollars None Local currency VN$1,222,650 Other currencies None

Contractor earnings to date Dollars None Local currency None " Other currencies None

VI-7 The Rl!lph M.·Parsons Company/ Engineers.• Constr1utors /Los Angele.r •New York ( ' - ~' ' c, '.;,, ~!!, ''' TABLE VI-7

CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT FOR KHANH HUNG WATER PLANT (Mechanical Erection) \-

Item Data Explanation

Construction contractor Nguyen Van Thi Contract number 56-BCC/VTM/NSKTVL Date of contract Apr. 22, 1966 Type of contract Fixed price

Contract completion date June 3, 1966 Scheduled percentage complete 100% Anticipated completion date Oct. 1, 1966 Plant dedicated on Nov. 23, 196E Actual percentage complete 100% Time lag 4 months

Change Orders issuer' None Change Orders anticipated None

Contract price ..... 0llars US$82,000 Commodities furnished by USAID I·ocal currency VN$2,827,633 Gther currencies None

Anticipated final price Dollars us$82,ooo Commodities furnished" on USAID Local currency VN$2,827,633 Other currencies None

Payments to contractors to date Apr. 20, 1966 Dollars None Locc.l currency VN$2,339,6hl Other currencies None

Contractor earnings to date Dollars None Local currency None Other currencies None

VI-8 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constructors / Los Angeles •,_New York TABLE VI-8

CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT FOR TRUC GIANG WATER PLANT (Civil and Mechanical)

Item Data Explanation

Construction contractor Nguyen Van Thi Contract number 207-BCC /VTM/NSh..'VL Date of contract Oct. 27, 1965 Type of contract Fixed price

Contract completion date Dec. 15, 1966 Scheduled percentage complete 100% Anticipated completion date Apr. 1968 Major part of mechanical Treatment equipment still to be erected. Plant 87% Overall percentage completion Dist. System 97% estimated at 90%

Change Orders issued VN$829,394 Contract amendment for earth works Change Orders anticipated None

Contract price Dollars US$63,000 Commodities furnished by USAID Local currency VN$5 ,936. 575 Other currencies

Anticipated final price Dollars US$63,000 Commodities furnished by USAID Local c-arrency VN$6,756,969 Other currencies

Payments 1~o contractors to date Dolla:rs None Local currency VN$4,806,843 Other currencies None

Contractor earnings to date Dollars None • Local currency None Other currencies None

VI-9 The Ralph M.· Parsons -Comp.any'>/ Engineers • Constructors / Los :4ngeles • New York

~ ::. ~ '. ~ , 1 I , t • ' I • ' 1 .;,

TABLE VI-9

CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT FOR HAM TAN WATER PLANT (Civil Work)

Item Data Explanation

Construction contractor Nguyen Nghi Contract number 1447-BCC/NSKTVL/l Date of contract Apr. 2, 1964 Type of contract Fixed price

Contract completion date Feb. 24, 1965 Scheduled percentage complete 100% Anticipated completion date Jan. 20, 1967 Delayed because of i~lood damage Actual percentaee complete 100%

Change Orders issued VN$320,000 Am~ndment of contract for intake struc'cure Change Orders anticipated None

Contract price Dollars VN$3,229,705 Commodities furnished by GVN Local currency None Other currencies

Anticipated final price Dollars VN$3,229,705 Commodities furnished by GVN Local currency VN$1,970 ,000 Other currencies

P~ents to contractors to date None Dollars None Local currency VN$1,347,599.42 Other currencies None

Contractor earnings to date Dollars L·Jone Local currency None Other currencies None

VI-10 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constrtutors / Los ,Angeles • New York TABLE VI-10

CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT FOR PHUOC LE WATER PLANT (civil and Mechanical)

Item Data Explanation

Construction contractor Nguyen Xuan Minh Contract number 273-BCC/V'IM/NSKTL/l Date of contract Dec. 18, 1965 Type of contract Fixed price

Contract completion date Sep. 28, J.966 Scheduled per~entage complete 100% Ant.icipated completion date Feb. 20, 1967 Lack of materials major cause for delay Actual percentage complete 99%

Change O~ders issued None Change Orders anticipated None

Contract price Dollars US$63,000 Commodities furnished by USA ID Local currency VN$5,900,000

Other currencies None ~~ Anticipated final price Dollars US$6j,000 Cmmnodi ties furnished by USA ID Local currency VN$5,900,000 Other currencies None

Paymen~b to contractors to date Dollars None Local currency VN$2, 517, 281. 53 Other currantices None Contract eRrnings to date Dollars None Local currency None Other currencies None

VI-11· The Ralph M. Parsons· Co~pany / Eng'ine,ets, • .C.01zst'r:1utors / Los AngeJ,es ~ ·N,~J" York

' ~ t 2 ' ,' ~ ~ • ' • ,-< TABLE VI-11 CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT FOR QUI NHON WATER PLANT (Shallow Well_iU

Item Data Explanation

Construction contractor Tran Van Thuan Contract number 657-BCC/NSKTVL/l Date of contract July 16, 1966 Type of contract Fixed price

Contract completion date Jan. 11, 1966 Project stopped by DWS Scheduled percentage complete 100% Anticipated completion date Unknown Actual :,.~rcentage complete 80% Change Orders issued None Change Orders anticipated None Contract pr-ice Dollars US$11,200 Conunodities :rurnishea by USAID Loe al currency VN$700,000 Other currencies None Anticipated final price Dollars Unknown Pending final design review Local currency VN$700,000 Other currencies None

Peym~. , to contractors to date Dollars None Local currency VN$535,770 .. Other currencies None

Contractor earnings to date Dollars None Local currency None Other currencies None

VI-12 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constr,rut,ors / L_os :1ng~les; • !'le'!' York TABLE VI-12

CONSTRUC.CION CONTRACT FOR QUI NIION WATER PLANT (Elevated Tank and Distribution System)

Item De.ta Explanation

Construction contractor Tran Van Th uan Contract .::mmber 756-BCC/NSKTVL/l Date of contract Aug. 11, 1965 Type of contract Fixed price

Contract completion date Jan. 27, 1966 s~heduled percentage complete 100% Anticipated completion date Jan. 27, 1966 This con-t·.ract stopped by DWS because of poor construction and refugee problems Actual percentage complete Adm. building 95% Stora.ge tank 75%

Change Orders issued None Change Orders anticipated None

Contract price Dollars US$36,500 Commodities furnished through Commerical Import Program of USA ID Local currency VN$920,000 Other currencies None

Anticipated final price Dollars Unknown Pending final design review Local currency VN$920,000 Other currencies None

Payment to contractors to date Dollars None Local currency VN$708,511 Other currencies None

Contractor earnings to date Dollars None Local currency None Other curre.11cies None

VI-1~ 1 i.e Ralph M. Parsons Comp a iy / Engineers • Constructors (·Los /'1ngele1 ,• New York SECTION VII

PERSONNEL

Figure VII-1 shows the key personnel, their positions and areas of,responsibility

for the contract work. It also indicates the relationship of DWS, USAID, and The

Ralph M. Parsons Company's Branch and Home Offices in providing support, control, and guidance for the contract.

Tables VII-1, VII-2, and VII-3 t~bulate by job classification the field personnel employed in the performance of the contract work.

The Consultant experienced several problems in the employment of Vietnamese personnel at the maximum salaries authorized by the contract. These maximum salaries had been fixed during the initial contract negotiation~ in 1965.

Shortly after the start of the work, it became apparent that these salaries were approximately twenty to fi~y percent (20 to 50%) low, depending on job classification. Attempts to correct this problem during negotiations of con tract amendments were rejected by the Director General of Budget and Foreign

Aid, GVN.

In several cases, the Director General of Budget and Foreign Aid disallowed some of the salaries paid Vietnamese employees because their educational or experience records did not seem to meet the jor classifications established for GVN employee3 years before. This disallowance was often made months after the employee had been approved by GVN and had started to work. In all of 'these cases, there was no allowance or salary adjustment for the necessary.. bilingual ability required of most of the Consultant~ Vietnamese employees.

VII-1 The Ralph M. Parsons Company./. .Engineers • .co·nstructors / Los Angeles • New York

BUU DON MINISTER FRANK COLLINS. JR ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF ENGINEERING BUI HUU LAN DIRECTOR OF WATER SUPPLY ES C KIM CHIEF. WATER RESOURCES BRANCH NGUYEN VAN SANG CHIEF. MUNICIPAL WATER SERVICE LL FITTRO CHIEF. URBAN WATER SECTION LEROY SMOTHERS CHIEF. PROVINCIAL CITY WATER DEVELOPMENT

THE RALPH 11. PARSONS COMPANY THE RALPH II. PARSONS COMPANY THE RALPH II PARSONS COMPANY SAIGON REGIONAL OFFICE CONTRACT AID 430-1126 LOS ANGELES OFFICE T W SIMMONS REGIOnAL MANGER J ULMANN ADMINISTRAT'VE MANAGER J.R. SNEAD PROJECT MANAGER DC. BC•OMHOWER PROJECT COOROINATOR

I I I ADlllNISTRATIV( SUPPORT NHA TRANG PROJECT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS DA NANG PROJECT CONSTRUCTION OPi!!!TION AllD MAINTENANCE ADMfillSTRA TIVE ASSISTA~T COST ENGINEER (I) COST ENGINEER (I) COST ENGINEER (I) INSPECTORS (6) WATER CHEMIST (I) ACCOUNTANT DRAFTSMEN (6) DRAFTSMEN (8) DRAFTSMEN (6) SWITCH BOARD OPERATOR TECHNICIANS (2) CLERK TYPISTS (3) T~ANSLATORS (3) - DRIVERS (3) SECRETARY (I) VIETNAMESE. SKILLED (10) VIOllAMESE. SKILLED (7) VIETNAMESE. SKILLED (9) VJaNAMESE. SKILLED (7) VIETNAMESE. SKILLED (6) VIETNAMESE, SKILLED (3) VIETNi.MESE. UNSKILLED (4)

SURVEY DRS ENGINEERS SURVEYORS PARTY CHIEF (I) ELECTRICAL (I) PARTY CHIEF (I) IN~TRUMENT MAN (I) CIVIL (I) INSTRUMENT MAN (I) RODMEN.CHAINMEN (3) STRUCTURAL (I) RODMEN-CHAINMEN (3) I

VIETNAM MUNICIPAL VIETNAMESE. SKILLED (0) VIETNAMESE, SKILLED (5) VIETNAMESE, SKILLED (5) WATER SUPPLY PROGRAM ....THIRD COUNTRY NATIONALS (3) ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

Figure VII-l. Organization Chart As a result, the Consultant was forced to hire students or people with little

or no experience. Consequently, these employees required a great deal of

training and were frequently lost to other firms paying higher salaries after the completion of their training.

To preclude these problems, it is,recommended by the Consultant that permission be granted to hire qualified personnel at prevailing salary rates paid by private industry.

VII-3 The Ralph .'M, Parsons :'co.mpa,i:_iy· / Engineers • Constructors / Los Angele~ • New York 1 ' I " ,• , ,"" i .' - 'lL - , r '1 " -~ i TABLE VII-1

FIELD OFFICE STAFF

U.S. :EMPLOYEES

Man-Month Name Working Hours (208 hr) HolidEcy" Sick Vacation Total

J. R. Snead Project Manager Completed contract 5,004.5 24.o 275.5 48.0 92.0 5,420.0 L. P. Geraurd Project Engineer Transferred 477.0 2.3 47.0 o.o o.o 524.o B. L. Stevens Construction Engineer Completed contract 3,714.o 18.o 239.5 44.o' 174.5 4,172.0 R. E. McJohnston Project Engineer Completed contract 3,961.5 19.0 239.5 o.o 171.5 4 ,372 ,5

\..' W. Hollowey ,, Project Engineer ~ Completed contract 4 ,148.o 20.0 2i8.5 13.5 o.o 4 ,380 .o " M. Hagar Water Works Engineer Resigned 223.5 1.0 16.5 o.o o.o 240.0

" E. A. Wiederhold

Water Works Engineer ' Completed contract 1,569.0 7.5 54.o 9.0 o.o 1,632 .o C. J. Wiest Water Works Engineer Terminated 724.o 3.5 35.0 o.o o.o 759.0 .. J. W. Wilkinsoi. Project Engineer Completed contract 1,360.5 6.5 45.0 82.5 o.o 1,488.o J. W. Gwinn Pro,1ect Engineer Completed contract 405.0 2.0 9.0 - o.o o.o 414.o Job total 21,587.0 103.8 1,179.5 197.0 438.0 123,401.0 -

VII-4 The Ralph M. Pa•:sons Company / Engineers • Constr.ucto.rs / Los.Ange/es,• Ne.w York TABLE VII-2 FIELD OFFICE STAFF THIRD-COUNTRY NATIONAL EMPLOYEES

Working Slck Jame/LJlassification Hours Holiday Leave Vacation Total

Den Chuan Chen 1,949.5 92.5 9.0 o.o 2 ,051.0 Electrical Engineer

Carmelo Angelo 732.0 18.o. 18.o 4.o 772.0 Electrical Engineer

Ming Tsu Hung 763.5 39.5 o.o o.o 803.0 Civil Engineer ,. ' Wang Ming Twu 1,339.0 88.5 4.o 55.0, 1,486.5 Civil Engineer

Bao Shan Yu 2,467,5 123.0 20.0 104.5 2,715,0 Structural Engineer

Yong Che ~y _ 858.0 27.0 9,0 o.o 894.o Structural Engineer

Manuel Laudiano 1,303.0' 45.0 89.5 o.o 1,437.5 Architectural Engineer - Total 9,412.5 433.5 149.5 163.5 10,159.0 Total Working Equivalent Man/Months Classification Hours (208 hr/month) Electrical Engineer 2,681.5 13.0 Civil Engineer 2,102.5 10.0 Structural Engineer 3,325.5 16.o Architectural Engineer 1,303.0 6.25 " Job Total 9,412.5 45.25

VII-5 The Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Constructors. (Los Angeles • New York TABLE VII-3 FIELD OFFICE STAFF VIETNAMESE EMPLOYEES

Equivalent Man/Month Classification Number on Job Working Hours (208 hr/month)

Administrative Assistant 1 4,983 24.o Secretary 1 5,110 24.5 ' Accountant 1 5,086 24.5

Typist 3 10,513 '\ 50.5 Interpreter/Translator 2 4,586 22.0

~ ' Draftsman '20 49,895 24·0.o Construction Inspector 6 17,887 86.o Survey Party Chief 2 7,182 34.5 Instrument Man 2 5,193 25.0 ~- " Rodman/Chainman ,., 6 12,487 60.0 ~' ~ Water Technician 1 718 ' 3.5 Drivers 66.o ~· 3 13,713 _,, Messenger " 1 4,586 22.0 " < Janitor -1 3,115 15.0 Subtotal 50 145,054 697.5 - Additional Hours Charged .. ~ Holiday 7,650 36,8 Sick leave 2,725 13.l Annual leave 4,711 22.6 Subtotal 15,086 72.5 "' Job total 50 160,140 770.0 = -

VII-6 'th"! Ralph M. Parsons Company / Engineers • Construct,o~s /_Los Angeles • New York