41450-012: Preparing the Ban Sok-Pleiku Power Transmission

Home , Ayun Pa, Kon Tum, Kon Tum Province, Pleiku, Vinh

Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report

Project Number: 41450 February 2012

Preparing the Ban Sok–Pleiku Power Transmission Project in the Greater Mekong Subregion (Financed by the Japan Special Fund)

Annex 6.1: Initial Environmental Examination in Viet Nam (500 KV Transmission Line and Substation)

Prepared by Électricité de France

Paris, France

For Asian Development Bank

This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design.

Ban-sok Pleiku Project CONTRACT DOCUMENTS – TRANSMISSION LINE Package – VIETNAM

FINAL REPORT

500kV TRANSMISSION SYSTEM PROJECT

ANNEX 6.1 – 500kV TRANSMISSION LINE & SUBSTATION Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) In VIETNAM

Annex 6.1– TL & S/S IEE in VIETNAM

ADB TA 6481‐REG

BAN‐SOK (HATXAN) PLEIKU POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT 500 kV TRANSMISSION LINE AND SUBSTATION – FEASIBILITY STUDY

INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE)

For:

Vietnam Section: Ban Hatxan (Ban-Sok)-Pleiku 500kVA Double Circuit Three Phased Transmission Line Project: 93.5 km, Kon Tum and Gia Lai Province.

As part of the:

ADB TA No. 6481-REG: Ban Hatxan (BanSok) Lao PDR to Pleiku Vietnam, 500kVA Transmission Line and Substation Construction Feasibility Study.

Draft: June 2011

Prepared by Electricite du France and Earth Systems Lao on behalf of Electricite du Vietnam (EVN), and for the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

The views expressed in this IEE do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

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Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Purpose of the IEE ...... 1 1.2 IEE Boundaries ...... 4 1.3 Applicable ADB Guidelines and Vietnamese Legislation ...... 4 1.3.1 Applicable ADB Guidelines ...... 4 1.3.2 Vietnam Environmental Requirements and ADB’s Guidelines ...... 4 1.4 Methodology Applied ...... 6 1.5 Project Description ...... 6 1.6 Need for Project ...... 6 1.7 Location ...... 7 1.8 Size of Operation and Proposed Schedule of Implementation ...... 7 2 DESCRIPTION EXISTING CONDITIONS ...... 7 2.1 Biophysical Environment ...... 7 2.1.1 Geography ...... 7 2.1.2 Topography, Geology and Soils ...... 8 2.1.3 Climate ...... 8 2.1.4 Air Quality and Noise ...... 8 2.2 Surface Water and Groundwater Resources ...... 9 2.2.1 Hydrology/Flood ...... 9 2.2.2 Groundwater ...... 9 2.2.3 Surface Water Quality ...... 9 2.3 Ecological Resources ...... 10 2.3.1 Forest and Wildlife ...... 10 2.3.2 Aquatic Resources and Fish ...... 10 2.4 Socio‐Cultural and Economic Conditions ...... 11 2.4.1 Ethnicity ...... 11 2.4.2 Economic Development ...... 11 2.4.3 Trade and Services ...... 11 2.4.4 Infrastructure ...... 12 2.4.5 Power Supply ...... 12 2.4.6 Fresh Water Supply ...... 12 2.4.7 Health ...... 12 2.4.8 Agriculture and Forestry ...... 13 2.5 Mineral Resources ...... 13 2.6 Archaeology ...... 14 2.7 Tourism ...... 14 2.8 Landuse and Population Within The ROW ...... 14 3 SCREENING OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATIVE MEASURES ...... 14 3.1 Pre‐Construction Period ...... 14 3.1.1 IEE and EMP Not Applied ...... 14 3.1.2 IV. Bird‐TL Interactions ...... 16 3.2 Construction Period: Potential Environmental Effects and Mitigative Measures ...... 17 3.2.1 Soil Erosion and Stream Degradation ...... 17 3.2.2 Water Quality and Public Health Degradation ...... 17 i

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3.2.3 Insect Born Diseases Outbreaks ...... 18 3.2.4 Degradation of Chu Mon Ray National Park Border Area ...... 18 3.2.5 Noise Pollution ...... 19 3.2.6 Air Pollution ...... 19 3.3 Operating Period: Potential Effects and Mitigative Actions ...... 20 3.3.1 Noise and Electrical Charge from Conductors and Insulators (Corona Effect) ...... 20 3.3.2 Health Effects Related to Electric Field and Magnetic Field Emissions ...... 20 3.3.3 Spill Of Hazardous And Toxic Material ...... 22 3.3.4 Continuous Habitat Disruption in the TL Corridor ...... 22 3.4 Social Assessment ...... 22 3.4.1 Public Safety and UXO ...... 23 4 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 23 5 MITIGATION, MONITORING: THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 24 5.1 Pre Construction Period ...... 24 5.1.1 Mitigation ...... 24 5.1.2 Monitoring ...... 25 5.2 Construction Period ...... 25 5.2.1 Mitigation ...... 25 5.2.2 Monitoring ...... 26 5.3 Operating Period ...... 26 5.3.1 Mitigation and Monitoring ...... 26 5.4 Mitigation and Monitoring Cost Estimates ...... 26 6 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 27 7 INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION ...... 29 7.1 The Process ...... 30 7.2 Information Disclosure and Materials ...... 30 7.3 Comments and Concerns Received ...... 30 7.4 Follow Up Actions Identified ...... 30 8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 31 8.1 Conclusion ...... 31 8.2 Recommendation ...... 31 9 REFERENCES ...... 1

List of Tables, Figures and Maps Table 1 Location of Sampling Stations ...... 6 Table 2. Ambient air quality and noise level within 200m of TL Center line ...... 9 Table 3 . Ambient Surface Water Quality Conditions in 2010 ...... 10 Table 4. Households (HH) Affected Within the Transmission Line Right of Way...... 14 Table 5. Comparison of Alternative Alignments ...... 23 Table 6. Estimated Mitigation and Monitoring Cost...... 28 Table 7. Summary of Consultation Sessions: Feb. 16‐29, 2011 Gai Lai and Kon Tum Provinces ...... 29

Figure 1. Location of Kon Tum (left) and Gia Lai (right) Provinces (Wikipedia, 2011)...... 8 Figure 2. Estimated EMF levels at varying distances and height from the outside conductor of a 400kV transmission line ( copied from .M. Ehtaiba et al. 2008)...... 21

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Map 1 Kon Tum Province……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 Map 2 Gia Lai Province……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7

ANNEXES Annex A: The Environmental Management Plan: Mitigation Table ( EmiT) and Monitoring Table (EmoT) Annex B: Detailed Summary of Consultations Held and sample of Certified meeting minutes completed and available from EVN. Annex C: Chu Mon Ray National Park; Detailed Information [from BLI Sourcbook, 2nd Ed.)

iii

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ACRONYMS

CSC Construction Supervision Consultant DONRE Department of Natural Resource and Environment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMF Electromagnetic Field EMiT Environmental Mitigation Table ( part of EMP) EMoT Environmental Monitoring Table (part of EMP) EMP Environmental Management Plan EVN Viet Nam Electricity GMS Greater Mekong Sub-Region GOV Government of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam HH(s) Household(s) IEE Initial Environmental Examination IPP Independent Power Producer ISMC Independent Safeguard Monitoring Consultant ODA Official Development Assistance PECC4 Power Engineering Consulting Company 4 CPPMB Central Power Projects Management Board PMU Project Management Unit Pre- FS Pre-feasibility study RAP Resettlement action plan ROW Right of Way

Acknowledgement This IEE was prepared by the international consultant and PECC4, on behalf of EVN. The following national consultants were directly involved in the preparation of the early draft of the IEE.

Tran Van Luyen Presiding over IEE establishment Nguyen Khac Tuan Establishing IEE Nguyen Duc Hoang Establishing IEE

EVN has endorsed this IEE.

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Executive Summary

This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) addresses the Vietnam component of the Ban Sok (Lao PDR) to Pleiku (Vietnam) Transmission Line and Substation Development Project. After agreement between ADB and the Government of Vietnam as represented by EVN, the IEE, its environmental management plan and a full set of consultation outputs were defined as the only environmental safeguard documentation needed for this project. The findings of the IEE support this decision that no further safeguard documentation is required.

The transmission line corridor was carefully selected to avoid households and agricultural lands resulting in only 48 affected households having to be relocated and only 175ha of agricultural land used for the TL corridor, along the entire 93.5km length of the transmission line. The figures for impact, however, are based on 31 m ROW, which is significantly smaller than the international standard 70 m ROW. A complete Resettlement Plan has been prepared by EVN with the support of the International Social / Resettlement consultant.

There is an urgent need to create better technical capacity at the provincial and district level in safeguards understanding, management and implementation. This is particularly relevant for management level, i.e., the people who make decisions on supporting safeguard actions. A 1.5 day workshop will be delivered by EVN in the two provinces, addressing the benefit and cost of safeguards, and on technical understanding, implementation, monitoring and reporting on safeguards implementation.

The contractor(s) building the TL will be required to follow good housekeeping steps as defined in the EMP and in the contract specifications.

Erosion will be an issue along the corridor within the first 20 km of the Lao border, i.e. form Station G0-G4, where the topography is steep and a number of towers will be required. To address this concern erosion prevention steps are presented in the EMP (see Annex A, items 2.1 of the mitigation table (EMiT).

In order to establish the safe distance for human habitation from the outer conductor of the 500 Kv transmission line, the Electromagnetic Field (EMF) levels will be measured using Gauss meters purchased as part of the project’s monitoring table, prepared as part of the EMP. The international EMF standard of 1µT will be carefully examined and the appropriate distance identified and applied.

The need for a noise measurement survey addressing the corona effect under the TL will also be assessed by EVN. It will be based on discussions with experts within Vietnam and an examination of the international standards. Based on the both a corona effect noise measurements and an EMF survey, standards for safe distances for human habitation and agriculture and livestock activity in the vicinity of the TL will be discussed within EVN and results posted and recommended distances provided to commune People’s Committees offices.

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The TL-bird mortality issue has not been examined by EVN on any past TL project and as such a short literature review and field survey will be undertaken to assess the scale of this problem for EVN’s high voltage TL system. If required a mitigation plan will be prepared and measures implemented.

The final RoW width remains unresolved. At present Vietnam’s standards stipulate a 31m wide RoW for a 500kV TL. This is contrary to safe international standards, which specify a minimum of 70m. A decision to accept the international standard will mean an almost doubling of the impact corridor width. If EVN adopts the international TL width standard, additional examination of the RoW will be required in order to insure that the new land requirements do not trigger negative environmental impacts.

As soon as the details of the substation are known, a separate environmental analysis will be completed, addressing any potential impacts, such as spent transformer oil management.

The proximity of the Chu Mon Ray National Park to the TL alignment is not an issue since the RoW boundary is separated from the park by a provincial highway for the entire distance the TL parallels the park boundary. Secondly, the park’s buffer zone, which is immedieatly contiguous with and encircling the park boundary is 188,749ha; where more than 28,000 people (2000 census data) now live and utilize most resources and frequently encroach into the park. Inside this area is the core zone, the 56,600 ha area to be protected. The TL is therefore separated from the park’s sensitive features by the highway and the buffer zone, eliminating any impact from the TL. -Therefore, beyond the conduct of a separate environmental analysis for the new substation and further analysis if the RoW width is increased , no additional assessment is necessary and the existing IEE adequately addresses the ADB’s and GoV’s environmental safeguard requirements.

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1 INTRODUCTION 1. In 2004, total power generation for Vietnam was 10,445 MW, of which hydropower consisted of 4,120 MW, or about 39.4% of the total. In 2004, the consumed electricity was 46.2 billion kWh; of which hydropower made up 17.6 billion kWh (38.2%), thermal power was 16.6%; gas turbine 32.2% and 13% was purchased from outside the country. 2. According to power master plan No.5 approved in 2003, power production was expected to rise by 12% for between 2006 and 2010. Power forecasts suggest that the demand would grow by 14,7% through 2010; therefore a minimum 2.7% shortfall through 2010 occurred. In order to meet Vietnam’s electrical power demand over the 2006 to 2020 period, at least six hydropower generating stations are being developed in Laos and fully funded by Vietnam. 3. A new transmission line (TL)-Substation (SS) interconnection from Laos to Vietnam would permit the generated power to reach Vietnam and minimize transmission loss, lower the risk of breakdown, as well as reduce the capital outlay by developers. The Ban Sok to Pleiku 500kV transmission line and substation project is therefore a critical link in achieving that goal. Vietnam and Laos have jointly approached the ADB for loan funding to undertake that work (Map 1 and Map 2). 1.1 Purpose of the IEE 4. The early version of the Initial Environmental Examination report for Ban Sok - Pleiku 500kV Transmission Line (section in Vietnam territory) is formulated by Power Engineering Consulting Company 4 (PECC4). That report has been fully revised and updated by the international consultant working in partnership with PECC4, and on behalf of EVN. 5. This project is classified as Environment Category B according to ADB Environment Classification and as such requires that an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) be completed. 6. The IEE report is based largely on secondary data, that is data collected from available maps, reports, statistical data and discussions with involved parties. For this TA there have also been two on site surveys, as well as further field work by PECC4

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Map 1. Alignment of Transmission Line in Kon Tum Province and Associated Landuse

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Map 2. Location of Transmission Line Corridor and Associated Landuse in Gai Lai Province.

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1.2 IEE Boundaries 7. The transmission line corridor crosses through Kon Tum and Gia Lai provinces and for just over 93.3km (Map 1 and Map 2). 8. The corridor of impact consisted of the 30.6m wide RoW (the Vietnam’s legal standard) as well as an additional 5m on either side of the RoW, considered necessary for construction to take place. Therefore the 40m x93.3 km area equals around 362ha of land directly affected by the project. Since the corridor is criss-crossed and paralleled by a large number of small roads no access roads will be required, eliminating this added impact. 9. Since both noise and electromagnetic field effect extends considerably beyond the 40m boundary a 100m distance from the outside conductor was established as the survey distance for taking these measurements. 1.3 Applicable ADB Guidelines and Vietnamese Legislation

1.3.1 Applicable ADB Guidelines

10. ADB’s Environmental Guidelines, as defined in their 2009 Safeguards Policy Statement, require that environmental considerations be integrated into project decision- making for all types of development projects. Projects are classified into environmental categories A,B,C or FI1 . Category A , for projects with potentially very significant adverse and potentially unpredictable environmental impacts, requires a full EIA. Category B projects also likely to cause some significant impacts but of a lesser degree, are well understood and manageable, require an IEE. Category C projects are those with likely no or very minor adverse impacts and require only a statements justifying Category C. 11. ADB also has environmental policy conditions (ADB, 2002), which specify that if if a project is likely to cause permanent damage to nationally protected areas, internationally endangered species and their habitat and primary (old growth) forests, a ‘red flagging’ process is trigger automatically, requiring extensive investigations or project cancellation. None of these conditions were triggered by this project.

1.3.2 Vietnam Environmental Requirements and ADB’s Guidelines

12. Under Vietnam’s environmental legislation this project must comply with the following: • National Law in Environmental Protection, enacted in late 2005 and applied July 1, 2006, setting in place the overall requirement for responsible environmental controls and the need for environmental assessment of investment projects; • Decree 80/ 2006, and 21 (2008) providing guidance for the implementation of the Law on Environmental Protection, stipulates that any project with investment or financing from a foreign loan or is a legal joint investment by foreign or international individuals or organizations must conduct an assessment of environmental impacts, consisting either of the EIA or a Registration for Securing Environmental Standards (RSES).

1 Category FI involves a credit line through a financial intermediary or an equity investment in a financial intermediary. The financial intermediary must apply an environmental management system, unless all subprojects will result in insignificant impacts

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13. The format and content of an EIA report is defined in Government Circular No. 8 (2006) and 05, January 2009. Annex 1 of Circular 5 (as well as Decree 80) contains a list identifying those projects that require a full EIA. Any project not on that list requires a Registration for Securing Environmental Standards (RSES). The RSES is not an EIA or an IEE, but a kind of Environmental Management Plan and a written commitment to implement it. The RSES requires some primary data collection. 14. Associated with this law come a host of decrees, standards and circulars. Most important of these are: • Decree No.21/2008/NĐ-CP, dated 28/02, 2008 by the GOV concerning modification, supplementation some clauses on No.80/2006/NĐ-CP, dated August 9, 2006 by the Government concerning instruction on environment protection law implementation. • Circular No. 05/2008/TT-BTNMT dated on 08/12, 2008 by Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE), concerning instruction on strategic environmental impact assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection engagement. • Decree No. 04/2009/NĐ-CP dated on 14/01, 2009 by GOV on advantage and assistance of environmental protection activities; • Circular No. 25/2009/TT-BTNMT dated on 16/11/2009 by MONRE on promulgating national technical regulation on environment • Decree No.117/2009/NĐ-CP dated on 31/12, 2009 by GOV on administrative penalty in environmental protection; and, • Circular No. 39/2010/TT-BTNMT dated on 16/12/2010 by MONRE on stipulation on national technical regulation on environment. 15. A number of other laws and decrees often referred to in environmental assessments are: • Law on forest protection and development No.29/2004/QH11 passed December 3, 2004 by National Assembly, entering into force from April 1, 2005. • Decree No.23/2006/QĐ-CP dated on March 3, 2006 by the GOV on enforcing Law on forest protection and development. • Decree No.32/2006/NĐ-CP dated on March 30, 2006 concerning valuable and rare wild fauna and flora management. • Decree No. 181/2004/NĐ-CP dated on November 26, 2004 by GOV on guidance of Land Law implementation; • Decree No.84/2004/NĐ-CP dated on May 25, 2007 by the GOV on supplementary regulation on land use right certificate grant and revocation, land use right implementation; procedures and order of compensation, allowances, resettlement when state acquires land, and resolving complaints and grievances on land. 16. In addition there are at least seven decrees and circulars addressing the issue of resettlement and social impacts. 17. Therefore, it is clear that Vietnam has a complete complement of safeguard legislation, but with a few gaps mainly in the area of consultation and EMP development. 18. The major difference between the ADB Guidelines and Vietnam’s EIA legislation is that Vietnam has no IEE and ADB has 8-9 mandatory sections for its EA documents

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LAO PDR / VIETNAM Asian Development Bank CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARING THE BAN‐SOK PLEIKU POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT 500 kV OHL_TA 6481‐REG whereas Vietnam specifies only five. Consultation in the Vietnam system is based on the Vietnamese model of informing local officials, whereas ADB’s process specifies consultation with and engagement of the public. Thirdly, the ADB requires well structured, costed and time bounded Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Management Plans (EMPs). The Vietnamese standards are more general and as a result EMPs are often without costed mitigation and monitoring requirements, and are dispersed throughout the EIA document. 19. Based in Annex 1 of Decree No 80, this project requires a full EIA, since it is >50km long. However, for this project the GoV has agreed to apply only the ADB standards and permit the completion of the IEE and consider this the project’s only environmental safeguards requirement. 1.4 Methodology Applied 20. This IEE required two field reconnaissance surveys to assemble basic data on landuse along the Transmission Line (TL) corridor and to evaluate potential issues regarding the alignment as it passed the Chu Mon Ray National Park. Nearly all the rest of the alignment passes through plantation forests and unused but cleared land, confirming that impact to the natural environment, other than effects associated with construction, will be mostly temporary and minimally significant. 21. Therefore the methods applied were general windshield surveys of the TL corridor, coupled with review of any literature and assembly of data from provincial statistical yearbooks as well as provincial websites. Beyond the windshield surveys special air, water and noise surveys were undertaken at 5 sites along the alignment in February 2011 (Table 1). These five locations defined by their proximity to specific kilometer points along the alignment maps (Map 1,Map 2), starting at the Vietnam-Laos border, as follows:

Table 1 Location of Sampling Stations Station No. in Tables Location Km along TL from Lao‐Viet. Border KK1, NM1,MD1 G2.5 7km KK2, NM2,MD2 G7 20km KK3,NM3,MD3 G11.75 32km KK4,NM4,MD4 G16 54km KK5,NM5,MD5 G28 Km 94

22. An extensive round of consultations at six district centers in the two provinces was completed in February 2011 (See Section 7). 1.5 Project Description 23. This project involved the construction of a new transmission line over a 93.3 km distance across two provinces of Central Vietnam. The major work will be the erection of over 150 transmission line towers, the placement of 8 conductors for the entire length and preparation of the corridor. The project includes the construction of a new substation but no details are available. In order to avoid delays to the main work, a separate environmental assessment or Vietnamese RSES will be completed for the new substation as soon as data are available. 1.6 Need for Project 24. Vietnam is funding a large number of hydroelectric power developments in southern Laos to supply the rapidly growing demand for electricity in Vietnam. The provision of power

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LAO PDR / VIETNAM Asian Development Bank CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARING THE BAN‐SOK PLEIKU POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT 500 kV OHL_TA 6481‐REG to Vietnam users requires a modern high voltage transmission line from the power sources to the Vietnam grid. This project is critical to insuring that the electricity generated in Laos reaches Vietnam with minimal losses and delays. This project is considered an essential part of Vietnam’s power planning over the next decade and will ensure maximum return on its very large investments. 1.7 Location 25. The transmission line corridor will cross ten communes in Kon Tum and Gai Lai (Map 1 and Map 2), and will pass through mostly plantation forests of rubber, coffee and eucalyptus trees, creating a 40m-wide construction corridor. The TL will extend from Kon Tum’s border with Laos, designated as station G0 (Map.1), to the substation located near Pleiku in Gai Lai province, designated as station G30 (Map 2). 1.8 Size of Operation and Proposed Schedule of Implementation 26. A new 93.3 km long 500kV transmission line within a 40m wide construction width will require 373 ha of land and the erection of 150 towers. It is not known if work will commence at several locations at once or be completed sequentially, but at any one time as many as 200 people could be working on site. The project planning work is scheduled for completion by the end of 2011. Aside from the stringing of conductors, much of the tower erection will be completed using manual labour. The TL will be operational in 2014 or 2015, in time to match the start of power generation from the hydroelectric facilities in southern Laos funded by the GoV.

2 DESCRIPTION EXISTING CONDITIONS

2.1 Biophysical Environment

2.1.1 Geography

27. Kom Tum Province is a mountainous province in the north of Vietnam’s western highlands (Figure 1), with an area of 9,661.7 km2 (about 3.1% the total area of the whole country). It shares borders with Quang Ngai province in the east, Quang Nam in the north, Laos and Cambodia in the west for 275 km, and Gia Lai in the south. The province has 1 township, 8 districts, 10 precincts, 79 communes and 6 towns. 28. Gia Lai Province is a mountainous province in the north of Vietnam’s western central highland (Figure 1). It shares its northern border with Kon Tum Đăk Lăk in the south, Cambodia in the west for 90 km, Quảng Ngãi, Bình Định and Phú Yên provinces in the east. Gia Lai has 15 administrative units directly under the province, with Pleiku, a grade 3 city, An Khê township and 13 districts.

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Figure 1. Location of Kon Tum (left) and Gia Lai (right) Provinces (Wikipedia, 2011).

2.1.2 Topography, Geology and Soils

29. Topography: The project area is in the western Truong Son topographic region, characterized by low mountainous terrain. The maximum and minimum elevation of the project area where the transmission line route crosses, varies between 520m and 850m with an average slope 5 to 150. The transmission line corridor parallels the Krong Po Ko River sloping to the west, and past the Ya Ly Reservoir which is to the east of the TL. Much of the river valley topography is found in the last 30km of the TL in Gia Lai Province,. 30. Soils: The transmission line corridor will pass through mainly forest plantation lands with loamy-sand soils. Plantations are primarily coffee and rubber trees. Other cultivated land supports manioc and upland rice. Towers will be needed in some very steep sloped areas, between Station G1 and G3 (Map 1), where the risk of erosion during the rainy season will be high, unless mitigative measures applied immediately after construction is finished.

2.1.3 Climate

31. Kon Tum and Gia Lai provinces have very similar climates, i.e., two subtropical monsoon seasons with a hot rainy period from May-November and a dryer and slightly cooler season the rest of the year.

2.1.4 Air Quality and Noise

A. Air Quality

32. The four parameters for which measurements are available indicated that the entire TL is in a very low pollution zone, and rural agricultural setting, often passing through plantation forests. All measurements (Table 2) were well within GoV standards and norms.

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Table 2. Ambient air quality and noise level within 200m of TL Center line Test results, by Locations KK –KK Viet Parameter Unit 1 5 KK1 KK2 KK3 KK4 KK5 Standard Air Temp. 0C 25.7 26.5 24.5 25.0 27.5 Humidity % 67.6 68.2 70.0 71.1 65.4 Wind speed m/s 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.8 mg/m3 TSP mg/m3 0.19 0.12 0.11 0.15 0.13 0.2 CO mg/m3 2.31 2.54 2.61 2.23 2.52 5.0 3 SO2 mg/m 0.0038 0.0039 0.0039 0.0040 0.0041 0.3 3 NO2 mg/m 0.0041 0.0043 0.0041 0.0041 0.0046 0.1 45-50 dBA Noise dBA 50.5 51.6 53.3 56.5 59.7 night & 60 in day Note: Noise measurements taken 3x/day and averaged Noise: QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT, Ambient Air Quality QCVN 26: 2010/BTNMT B. Noise

33. Based on the standards defined in QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT, the noise measurements exceed category 2 standards for periods between 18:00 and 06:00 and for all categories between 22:00 and 0600 (Table 2). However, these data were collected near villages and towns, such that true rural noise levels are not reflected. Based on past experience, more representative levels are around 45dBA at night rising to say 48dBA or 50dBA during the day. 34. The low population density along the TL corridor in both provinces would suggest an almost identical ambient noise level, not warranting further primary field data collection. 2.2 Surface Water and Groundwater Resources

2.2.1 Hydrology/Flood

35. The project area is in the Krong Po Ko and Dak Bla catchments within the Se San river system. Hydrological conditions are typical for the western central highlands of Vietnam, with distinct rainy and dry seasons. For 2009 and 2010, the total average rainfall was 2,253 mm at Pleiku, 1,880 mm at Dak To station and 1,739 mm at Kon Tum station. Rainfall during this period equals 80-90% of total annual precipitation, with flood flows starting in July and lasting until November. 36. Because of the sloping topography, the flooding which occurs in many neighbouring areas, is very rare in the project corridor.

2.2.2 Groundwater

37. Groundwater is not affected by this project and therefore no discussion is provided.

2.2.3 Surface Water Quality

38. Measurements at five locations (Table 1) along the TL alignment suggest no issues with existing ambient water quality, as measurements indicate that the natural water is fit to drink (Table 3). Despite the fact that the construction activity could result in low-level oil and grease and detergent contamination of local water courses, tests for these parameters were not undertaken. Fortunately, since the project corridor is in a rural agricultural area, with no industrial or commercial enterprises nearby, existing levels would be well within the

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Table 3 . Ambient Surface Water Quality Conditions in 2010

Viet. Parameter Unit of Measurements by Station Standard

Measure NM1 NM2 NM3 NM4 NM5 Limit A Colour ‐ 6.81 6.47 6.12 6.51 5.93 pH ‐ 7.10 7.08 7.05 6.09 6.25 6.0‐8.5 SS mg/L 19.5 18.1 12.3 19.5 19.2 20 DO mg/L 6.8 6.3 6.5 5.6 5.2 >6.0 0 BOD5 (20 C) mg/L 3.3 4.2 4.6 4.1 5.8 <4.0 COD mg/L 6.1 7.1 7.9 8.6 9.8 <10.0 Fe mg/L 0.114 0.126 0.162 0.161 0.245 1.0 Coliform MPN/100m 75 95 84 167 210 5,000.0 L Standard based on : QVCN 08:2008/BTNMT

2.3 Ecological Resources

2.3.1 Forest and Wildlife

39. Kon Tum- The TL corridor crosses through Kon Tum province for 71.87 km. avoiding all protected or primary growth forest patches. The forests in Kon Tum have magnificent bio-diversity, with an impressive representation of some of SE Asia’s rarest species. Vietnam has protected these areas through a system of national parks and nature reserves, with three in the general vicinity of the TL. These are Chu Mom Ray National Park, Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve and Dak Uy Special Forest. With the exception of Chu Mon Ray National Park, the other sites are located more than 20 km from the alignment. Chu Mom Ray National Park has a total area of over 56,600 ha and borders Vinachay National Park in Cambodia and Dong Amphan National Park in Lao PDR. It has one of the highest biodiversity value ratings in Vietnam. Its buffer zone, a >188,000 ha area encircling the park, has more than 28,000 inhabitants. Chu Mon Ray is paralleled by the TL along its eastern border (Map 1, Stations G12-G16) and is from 1-5 km from the park’s buffer zone2. Between the park boundary and the TL corridor is a provincial highway.. 40. Gia Lai - The T/L is located in Chu Pah district, Gia Lai Province (Map 2) with the proposed length of 21.56 km. The entire corridor cuts through plantations of rubber and coffee, a few open grassed areas (previously cleared or degraded during the defoliation campaign of the Vietnam War), and a few residential area. The corridor is heavily used by people, tending the rubber and coffee plantations and as such very little wildlife, except for common habituated pest species exist.

2.3.2 Aquatic Resources and Fish

2 Vietnams parks all have buffer zones which act to protect the most important features within the core zone. The buffer zone is usually several km wide and has restrictions on how aggressively resources can be harvested.

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41. For its entire length, the TL does not interfere with any aquatic or fisheries resources. In Gia Lai province the TL does cross a river twice but towers will be placed far from the shoreline (river width is only 10m while the tower placement distance will be at least 200m from the shoreline (see Map 1 and 2). 2.4 Socio-Cultural and Economic Conditions

2.4.1 Ethnicity

42. Kon Tum is an ethnically diverse province. It has more than 15 ethnic groups of which 47% are Kinh (Vietnamese). The Kinh majority live mostly in towns, villages and along the main larger roads, while the other ethnic groups, who are mostly migrats from northern Vietnam, live in mostly the rural areas. Gia Lai is more than 50% Kinh, and has an even greater ethnic mix than Kon Tum.

2.4.2 Economic Development

43. Kon Tum Province has 8 districts, 1 city (Kon Tum City), 97 communes, wards and towns, including 10 communes bordering Laos and Cambodia, that border being 280.7 km in length. Its average growth rate during 2006 - 2010 period was 14.71% per year, including the agriculture, forestry and fishery sector at 7.52%, industry and construction sector at 25.7%, and the service sector at 16.49%. The service sector contributed most to this growth, since it was least affected by the economic downturn. As a result the province’s economy grew, despite difficult conditions. 44. Per capita income will reach to 28 million VND, or approximately USD 1,350/Yr and provincial revenues will reach 2 trillion VND, and total export in 2010 were worth USD 130 million. 45. Gia Lai’s growth rate for the 2006-2010 period reached 13.1% per year, of which agriculture, forestry and the fisheries sectors contributed 6.97% per year, industry - construction 23.31% per year, and the service sector 14.7% per year. GDP per capita (current prices) in 2010 reached VND 15 million, and in 2015 should reach VND 32 million and VND 60 million in 2020. 46. Rapid economic growth and sustainable development has gradually narrowed the gap in GDP per capita with the national average, and also improved quality, efficiency and competitiveness of the economy. Investment in industries and services had grown, due to the strong promotion of the benefits of the restructuring of the construction and services industries, making it easier to invest. Gia Lai has focused on improving, expanding and upgrading infrastructure systems, paying special attention to rural infrastructure in regional and remote areas. This has further helped to stabilize and expand the provincial economy.

2.4.3 Trade and Services

47. Kon Tum’s commercial activity has gradually developed with the participation of various economic sectors. Growth in transportation of the goods and services sectors increased by 29.14% per year over the past 4 years. 48. Rural markets, infrastructure networks at district and communal levelss in region II’s and III’s type communes have seen significant improvements. Planned markets, commercial centers, supermarkets and rural market systems in the province for the 2010 to 2020 period are on target and being completed according to a specific schedule. 49. Gia Lai’s trade and service sectors are rapidly developing. The average growth rate of the service sector reached 14.7% per year in 2008-09. Export in 2008 reached USD

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140 million (exceeded the provincial target of USD 130 million). However, overall growth was not quite as rapid as reported for Kon Tum, but will increase as infrastructure development plans materialize.

2.4.4 Infrastructure

A. Kon Tum.

50. Highway 24, the Ho Chi Minh road, Highway 14C, Provincial Road 676, Dak Ta - Ngoc Linh road, South Quang Nam road, Dak Koi - Dak Psy road have all been upgraded, helping to improve the trade within the province and with the rest of the country. There has also been a marked reduction in travel time. The movement "total people participate into building rural roads" has been deployed throughout the province, with many new rural roads, pathways, and inter-communal road being constructed. Kon Tum also has a national airport at Pleiku, with services to all major Vietnam cities. B. Gia Lai

51. Gia Lai has 90km border road with Cambodia as well as the Le Thanh international border crossing. It also has an improved road network, with three highways: Highway 14 connecting Gia Lai province to Quang Nam, Da Nang, and Central highland Ho Chi Minh, Southeast Mekong River Delta, highway 19 connecting the Province to Qui Nhon port and Cambodia, Highway 25 connecting Gia Lai to Phu Yen and the Central Coast.

2.4.5 Power Supply

52. Hydropower potential has been gradually developed. There are 61 small and medium hydropower schemes planned in the two provinces with a total capacity of 558 MW, of which 13 projects are in the process of construction, 5 projects have operated with total capacity of 80 MW. Some hydropower plants with large capacity such as Se San 3, Se San 3A and Plei Krong are connected to the national grid; Thuong Kon Tum Hydropower has been commissioned. Commercial electricity in Kon Tum has reached 125 million KWh. Providing about 309 kwh per year per person.

2.4.6 Fresh Water Supply

53. Then water supply system in Kon Tum City has been upgraded and its capacity has enhanced to 12,000m3 /24 hours. Water supply works in center of some districts have been completed and put into use. Pumping stations and water tanks in 5 communes (Jade Bay, Dak Cam, Kroong, Kon Dao and Dak Duc) have been built. In total, 8767 fresh water supply projects have been constructed, repaired and/or upgraded. Percentage of rural people with safe potable water supplies in both provinces has increased from 58% in 2005 to 72% in 2010.

2.4.7 Health

54. Kon Tum - Provincial Hospital, the Medical Center have been upgraded and advanced medical technology hs been installed. The General Hospital in Ngoc Hoi has been completed. The province has 17 commune health stations which meet national standards for health care. Doctors are located in 81 communes, or 83.5% of all communes. Protecting, caring and improving people's health is improving; diseases are being controlled and outbreaks managed. Policies for free health care for the poor and ethnic minorities have been well implemented and preventive medicine is being practiced.

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55. Gia Lai - Gia Lai’s health services are expanding, including the provision of adequate medical treatment and services to ethnic minority people. Facilities and medical equipment in district and commune health station are rapidly being modernized. Now, there are 19 communes or 8.6% of the provincial total, that meet the national standard for the provision of health and medical care. Fourty percent of the province’s commune health stations have doctors. Gia Lai has a provincial hospital, a traditional medicine hospital and two regional hospitals in Ayun Pa and An Khe, It also has new system of medical clinics in the districts and communes. Additionally, Hoang Anh Gia Lai Joint Stock Company is investing in the construction and operation of a 200 bed private hospital.

2.4.8 Agriculture and Forestry

A. Agriculture

56. Kon Tum- Cassava, rice and corn continue to be the main crops in the province. The province’s cassava growing area has rapidly increased to 37,190 ha, from just 9,400 ha 2005. High-yield cassava is being planted in 90% of this area. 57. Coffee and rubber plantations are continuously expanding. Coffee is being planted at a rate of 417ha/year and in 2010 11,670 ha were planted. Vietnam’s policy to transform its “ poor forests and scrub lands” to productive areas, rubber trees are being planted, assisting mainly the migrant minorities. Average annual planting of rubber now stands at 4,650ha and in 2011 the province’s total rubber plantation area equalled more than 43,280 ha Livestock raising is also increasing, including pigs in Dak Ha, Kon Ray and cattle in Dak To, Sa Thay Districts. 58. Gia Lai’s agriculture development is being replaced by production of goods and industrial food crops. So far the province has 176,373 ha invested in industrial crops such as coffee (76.367 ha) with output of 132,800 tons. Rubber accounts for 73,218 ha with production of 63,433 tons; pepper plantings are at 5,050 ha with production of 20,881 tons. Gia Lai needs electricity to fuel these changes. B. Forestry

59. Kon Tum has assigning long term use and management rights of forest land to organizations, individuals and households. More than 33,500 ha of forest land were transferred for use in this manner. In addition, 62,235 ha of land were acquired from forestry companies, and protective forest management units assigned to local management in order to allow local communities to manage their own forests. 60. Gia Lai’s forest area totals 857,850.3 ha, of which 641,427.2 ha is production forests, 158,686.4 ha protected forest and 57,737 ha special purpose forest (source: www.tinhuygialai.org.vn). Production or plantation forests are planted with pine, eucalyptus and boi loi, while protected forests are still covered with mixed native tropical evergreen broad-leaf and deciduous trees. The province’s north had large tracts of forest land, but due to deforestation these forests are disappearing. In 2010, 1,400 cases of illegal logging were processed. 61. The management of protected forests is now assigned to organizations and authorities at the local level to manage. As part of the Vietnam Forestry Development Strategy the province has planted five million ha of forest. 2.5 Mineral Resources 62. No mineral resources are known to occur in the 40m wide TL construction corridor.

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LAO PDR / VIETNAM Asian Development Bank CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARING THE BAN‐SOK PLEIKU POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT 500 kV OHL_TA 6481‐REG 2.6 Archaeology 63. During the field survey and interviews with local people no archaeological sites were identified. People in the project area are mainly the Kinh (Vietnamese) with some indigenous people such as the Gia Rai, the Ro Cham. Indigenous people (Gia Rai, Ro Cham) are widely distributed in the province’s districts. 2.7 Tourism 64. In the project area, there are no specific tourist areas. The tourist areas are far from the transmission line, as for example to Yaly hydropower reservoir tourist area which is 7 km away and the Chu Mon Ray National Park, Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve, Dak Uy special use forest which are varying distances but completely outside the projects zone of influence.. 2.8 Landuse and Population Within The ROW 65. Landuse within the 373 ha (93.3 km x 40m3) project corridor is 74.6 ha production forest, another 156.6 ha of marginal farm land (annual crops), 123 ha of perennial industrial trees plantation, 11 ha of river and lake land of and 3.6 ha of residential land. 66. The TL crosses over 11 communes, 3 districts and 1 city, within two provincial administrations. Forty eight families are presently living within the TL RoW (Table 4), and are mainly migrants from other province coming to the region to make a living. The TL avoids settlements, prime agricultural land and protected areas.

3 SCREENING OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATIVE MEASURES

3.1 Pre-Construction Period 67. The issues defined in this section are not true impacts, rather failures to implement planning actions leading to a cascade of negative effects during the future project stages. While the mitigative actions addressing these effects need to be implemented during the preconstruction period, the results will not be seen until the construction and operating periods. The four impacts4 identified in this IEE are discussed in Sections 3.1.1 and 3.1.2. Table 4. Households (HH) Affected Within the Transmission Line Right of Way5. HHs loosing land HHs having Number of Total number of temporarily HHs/people PAHs/PAPs Province affected land having affected house/structure HHs people HHs people HHs people HHs people Kon Tum 175 690 343 1.645 32 153 550 2.488 Gia Lai 62 297 158 760 16 75 236 1.132 TOTAL 237 987 501 405 48 228 786 3.620 Source: Household Survey Results of PECC4, 2010‐2011

3.1.1 IEE and EMP Not Applied

3 The 40m width is derived from the 31m officlal RoW and a further aapprox.5meters added on either side for construction ( agreed to by PECC4) 4 Strictly speaking Preconstruction ‘impacts’ are actually a set of in-actions that trigger impacts during the construction and operating periods, but a essential to address as part of the EMP. 5 The 30.6m RoW remains uncertain since several other widths and definitions exist in Vietnam’s standards and norms for transmission line corridor RoWs. Figures of 30.6, 40, 60m and 70 m are mentioned in Vietnamese Feasibility Study And safeguard documents.

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I. No administrative Support for Implementing EMP Tasks

68. Environmental Assessments, environmental clauses, compliance monitoring and enforcement depend in large measure on how strongly senior agency officials support enforcement of environmental safeguards. These agencies include primarily EVN and its provincial offices, the Provincial Environment Departments (DONRE) the provincial environmental protection agency (PEPA), Provincial People’s Committee representatives and the Governor’s Office. To build environmental awareness, EVN proposes to conduct as part of the 1.5-day training workshop described in Para. 124, a ½ day awareness raising seminar for managers to show the economic benefit- cost relationship of good versus bad environmental stewardship. Excellent examples exist within the energy sector in Vietnam and VEPA will be invited to participate. II. IEE and EMP not Distributed or Translated into Lao Language

69. Field audits conducted by the consultant in many countries and on many projects reveal time and again that environmental assessment documents are not distributed and often not even translated from English to the local language. This is true in Vietnam. Without EAs or EMPs in hand, local officials and contractors cannot implement needed mitigative measure and a project proceeds without any environmental safeguards, despite having an approved environmental assessment document. 70. To avoid this problem, EVN will ensure that the approved IEE and its EMP will be translated into Vietnamese and that these documents plus the originals in English will be provided in both hard (13-14 sets) and soft copies (4 CDs) to the following agencies: • DONRE, Kon Tum and Gia Lai; 3 hard copy sets and one CD with English and Vietnamese each • EVN, Hanoi, all originals • People’s Committees in both provinces :2 hard copy sets and one CD in English and Vietnamese • Construction Supervision Consultant assigned by EVN:1 hard copy and one soft copy in English and Vietnamese • Contractor(s) who will build the TL: 2hard copies and a full soft copy se .in Vietnamese and English. 71. Delivery of these documents will be followed up by a member of EVN contacting the recipients to ensure that material was received and that any additional comments would be welcome. III. Vegetation and Soil Erosion Allowed to Proceed

72. For this project, tightly controlling the work area boundaries will be key to keeping unnecessary removal and clearing to a minimum. This will be particularly true for the first 40 km from the Lao-Vietnam border to where the TL corridor runs through mountainous terrain and later parallels to Chu-Mon-Ray National Park. To address this EVN will define, in the contract specifications, that an area no larger than 80m x 80m can be cleared and used for tower construction. Tracks created for bringing in the tower components will also remain tracks, just wide enough to accommodate the machinery used to erect the towers and to maintain them. Only minimal clearing will be permitted. 73. Contract specifications will also include a set of steps the contractor must follow to rehabilitate each tower construction site. These will be : i. Where possible, all construction site preparation works will be scheduled during the dry season (low rainfall). ii. When opening the site, be sure to remove topsoil first and store for reuse.

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iii. Keep all work within an 80m radius circle around each tower. This boundary will be clearly marked prior to site preparation works. Sensitive habitats and important NTFP areas close to construction areas will be identified and designated as ‘no go’ areas. iv. At each site all garbage brought in must be taken out and disposed of properly, that includes waste plastic bags, tin cans, plastic bottles, paper, etc. v. Remove all waste and left over construction materials such as metal, rock and level any soil mounds around the tower, and fill any depressions water could pool and stagnate. vi. Replace the topsoil, permitting the natural revegetation process to proceed. vii. Make sure that any access tracks are stable, namely that with rain erosion will be minimized. This will be done by ensuring that drainage control structures are installed at suitable locations, laterite is compacted and that aggregate is placed on erosion prone slopes and that bioengineering techniques such as shrub planting and brush layering and palisades in steep sloped areas (Howell, John, 1999, Roadside Bioengineering; Reference Book and Site Manual6).

3.1.2 IV. Bird-TL Interactions

74. Historically, bird and power line interactions are of three types a) electrocution when the bird shorts out a conductor and b) when birds, particularly large, migrating birds, collide with conductors at night since bird navigation, highly dependent on magnetic fields, is disrupted by high voltage transmission lines. 75. Based on the consultants extensive database on this issue going back 30 years, bird electrocution is rare for high voltage lines since the corona effect is strong and will frighten off almost all birds attempting to land on a conductor or insulator. Birds will land on the towers but this with no negative side effects. Bird-TL mortality is very difficult to quantify since any dead birds fall to the ground and are often eaten by predators within hours of being killed or wounded. Past estimates in Europe and NA put bird electrocution in the 10s of thousands per year, but mostly for TLs were voltage is less than 115kV. Without 24h/day a day monitoring it is impossible to establish accurate mortality figures. 76. The project area may not have a bird-TL issue as the corridor is outside any bird migration route, but since this has not been investigated by EVN in the past, a 1 week literature and 1 week field survey of other transmission lines in the vicinity will be completed to determine which species move regularly across the TL, when and where, and could be in danger of collision mortality. Based on these data, a mitigation action plan (if necessary) will be implemented, consisting of possibly installing beacons to warn birds of approaching wires, etc. (a procedure successfully used in France for many years). A literature review will establish the state of knowledge and the latest preventative measures applied and secondly an interview-survey of local communities near existing TLs will be undertaken to identify if

6 Howell, John. 1999. Roadside Bioengineering Site Manual and Reference Manual. Published by Government of Nepal and UK Dept. of International Development (DFID), available from : http://nzdl.sadl.uleth.ca/cgi- bin/library?e=d-00000-00---off-0cdl--00-0----0-10-0---0---0direct-10---4------0-1l--11-en-50---20-about---00-0-1- 00-0-0-11-1-0utfZz-8-00&a=d&cl=CL4.41&d=HASH0159039aacbc99c7a28d3f11.fc and another manual http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/publications/fulltext/Roadside/SoilBioEng.pdf

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LAO PDR / VIETNAM Asian Development Bank CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARING THE BAN‐SOK PLEIKU POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT 500 kV OHL_TA 6481‐REG mortalities under conductors and around towers have been observed. No action will be taken until the analysis reveals that there is a likely significant issue. 3.2 Construction Period: Potential Environmental Effects and Mitigative Measures

3.2.1 Soil Erosion and Stream Degradation

77. Most of the soil along the TL alignment is thin topsoil over a laterite clayey subsoil, which when vegetation removal occurs is easily eroded and when dried without compaction can create very dusty conditions. Erosion will be possible at the access tracks to the towers and at the foundation construction sites, which will require backhoes and a crane to erect each tower. 78. Unless carefully monitored contractors could decide to skip proper surface draining repair and management during construction, leading to potentially chronic but small-scale erosion along the access tracks to the towers and at the tower foundation construction site. To prevent such erosion the contractor(s) will be required to: • Where possible, schedule construction activities during the dry season (low rainfall). • Minimise the area of land cleared for Project construction work, and retain vegetation in riparian and other suitable locations to maximise filtration of sediment from turbid runoff, during and post construction • Install erosion and sediment control structures such as silt fences and sediment ponds at suitable locations to filter or collect eroded sediments from turbid runoff, where necessary • make each tower access erosion-proof by compacting the laterite and placing gravel or similar material along the tracks and • Progressively revegetate disturbed land surfaces at the Project site as soon as practicable, to facilitate long term stabilization, particularly areas that were temporarily cleared to erect the towers. • Construction compliance monitors will be required to inspect each tower as it is completed and report on the rehabilitation carried out. 79. The TL passes through and area with some streams and small rivers. Aggregate for the concrete foundations for the TL towers must come from approved sources and none can be mined from nearby streams or floodplains. The contractor caught mining streams will be fined the equivalent of having the same amount of material trucked into the tower site and the area degraded rehabilitated.

3.2.2 Water Quality and Public Health Degradation

I. Sewage and Garbage

80. Failure by contractors to adhere to good housekeeping practices as defined in the contract Terms and Conditions and Contract Specifications and a lack of enforcement by the Construction Supervision Consultant and the provincial Departments of Environment inspectors will lead to longer term contamination at construction camp sites all along the ROW, leaving behind a generally unattractive corridor of impact, with dissatisfied, skeptical and disappointed local people. The EVN and DONRE inspectors will be expected to

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‘undertake regular environmental compliance monitoring, using the EMP as their guide7. A monitoring checklist will be prepared as part of each monitoring cycle and a monitoring report will be submitted to EVN management at the end of the construction period. Sewage and garbage must be properly disposed of and any such materials found in water courses will lead to an immediate fine of no less than Dong 3 million and double that amount for each additional day that such materials appear in the water course near the work areas. Packaging waste will be recycled or disposed of in the local landfill. II. Oil and Heavy Metal Contamination

81. Contractors have a habit of driving their vehicles into any open stream and proceeding to wash them with complete disregard to the pollutants entering the water such as waste oil and grease, hydraulic and brake fluid and heavy metal dust from brake linings, etc. EVN will inform the contractors that washing vehicles in streams is to be strictly forbidden, will specify this in the contract specifications and monitors will be required to report such violations to the EVN’s Construction Supervision Consultant’s project engineer when it occurs. 82. Secondly, waste oil products must be accounted for and disposed of through a legitimate recycling firm. The contractor will be required to prove that a waste oil contract or letter of agreement was signed and the waste oils were picked up and recycled. Proof will be copies of official receipts submitted to the CSC or EVN monthly. Volumes of these wastes stored at the construction site(s) should not exceed 500L and not more than 1000L at the contractor’s staging yard. 83. Further requirements will be to: • store liquid hydrocarbons (fuels, oils and lubricants) in leak‐proof containers within suitably designed and dyked areas. • store absorbent material in hydrocarbon storage areas. • conduct regular maintenance of vehicles and equipment to prevent hydrocarbon leaks. • conduct vehicle / equipment maintenance in designated areas where contaminated runoff can be contained; and,. • Park vehicles and equipment on sealed surfaces or with drip pans such that contaminated runoff can be contained when possible.

3.2.3 Insect Born Diseases Outbreaks

84. Construction sites in the tropics, where malaria and yellow fever occurs, can become sources of outbreaks by providing stagnant water areas, either as depressions at the constructions site or via used construction equipment or materials such as old tires, which collect water after a rain. One discarded tire collecting rainwater is enough to cause a serious malaria outbreak within 7 days. To prevent this the contractor’s worksite chief will be required to inspect every site ,as part of the completion checklist to make sure that no areas where water can pool is left behind and that all waste construction materials such as tires are removed from the site as construction takes place.

3.2.4 Degradation of Chu Mon Ray National Park Border Area

7 For sewage pit privies at worksites are suggested ; biodegradable trash can be buried , and all plastics and non-biodegradable materials disposed of at an approved landfill site.

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85. Chu Mon Ray National Park is one of Vietnam’s four heritage parks. It is 56,620 ha and has a buffer zone around it of another 188,750ha’ i.e. almost three times the size of the park. In 2004 this zone had a population of more than 28,000 people who use resources in the buffer zone as well as illegally from the core zone. The proposed TL will be a minimum of 1 km from the buffer zone boundary, and separated from it by a provincial highway. Therefore there is no chance that the TL will have any impact on the national park. Nevertheless, in light of the value and national significance of this park, at the start of construction, workers will be warned that when near the park, which will be between Stations G20-27 (Map 1), any from the construction work within the park buffer zone (as defined by the park’s management committee) will be strictly forbidden. A zero tolerance policy will be in place; namely one illegal entry and the employee will be terminated. The contractor will also be fined the equivalent of that person’s weekly wage, due to non- performance. • No materials such as wood and aggregate can be removed from within the Park buffer zone boundary. • Maintain forest cover as close as possible to the edge of the TL corridor. • Carefully monitor land clearance activities throughout the construction phase to ensure that vegetation is not cleared beyond pre-defined project boundaries. • Ensure that ground vegetation and shrubs are not disturbed in the ROW below the required clearance height. • Ensure appropriate design of infrastructure to minimise erosion and potential disturbance to drainage lines • Prohibit staff and contractors from fishing, hunting and trading wild animals during the construction period. • Prohibit the collection of firewood and other forest products anywhere within the park boundary.

3.2.5 Noise Pollution

86. Noise will be an overall minor construction period impact, since most of the work will be in uninhabited or very sparsely populated terrain, with only a few residences within 200m from the edge of the RoW. Existing noise levels are estimated at 48-55dBA during the day and 45dBA at night. Construction noise will be significantly higher during construction of the towers, but that will be very intermittent since much of the work will be done manually. To minimize noise emissions, work will only take place between 0700 and 18:00 six days a week.

3.2.6 Air Pollution

87. Construction period air pollution will be dust and emissions from operating machinery. This however will be a very minor impact. 88. Despite the work taking place in areas devoid of settlements, controls on vehicle idling and equipment maintenance will be imposed through construction inspection and regular reporting by DONRE monitors. Equipment and vehicles will be shut off if not in use more than 3 minutes and all will be maintained according to manufacturers’ specifications. Dust will be carefully and continuously managed. Dust control will be particularly stringent along any unpaved roads used to access the transmission tower sites and passing within 50 m of a settlement. Any such road through a settlement area will be watered according to a written schedule agreed to between the contractor and the CSC. 89. Nuisance dust will also be minimized by restricting groundcover removal to only the minimum area necessary and conducting rapid rehabilitation as soon as work in an area is

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3.3.1 Noise and Electrical Charge from Conductors and Insulators (Corona Effect)

91. When under and near high voltage power lines ( 400-500 kVA) one often hears a hissing or popping sound and there is a smell of ozone (as after a strong rain when there has been lightning). This is referred to as the corona-effect. It can be quite loud and there is the potential for nuisance impacts on both people and animals by this phenomenon. It is not directly harmful to health, but long term exposure must be avoided. It can also be felt as a static electricity effect; a tingling on the skin or static electricity in the clothes. 92. Given that this TL runs through sometimes quite wet and warm tropical climatic conditions and that at their lowest point, conductors will be just 10m from the ground, the corona effect will be pronounced and disconcerting for most. The corona effect can emit a steady noise measured as high as 50dBA, exceeding permissible night-time levels for rural residential areas. 93. For that reason a 100m human use exclusion boundary will be recommended (cannot be enforced) on either side of the outside conductors, and will be posted by EVN’s local offices in the two provinces via warning signs and information along the alignment. Warning signs will be placed on the towers and midway between each tower along the corridor warning of the electrical discharge, crackling and hissing and danger-stay away signs. 94. To address this impact effectively, a portable noise meter will be purchase and used by the TL operator (EVN) to monitor noise levels at varying distances from the TL tower centerline. A survey design is suggested in Task 3.2 of the EMPs mitigation table.

3.3.2 Health Effects Related to Electric Field and Magnetic Field Emissions

95. Beginning in the 1970s and continuing into today the debate continues over the potential health dangers of electric and magnetic fields created by high voltage transmission lines. The two measurements that are usually referred to are, the electric field effect measured as kV/m and the magnetic field effect, measured as micro Teslas or (µT). Most recent publications refer to these two as the electromagnetic field effect (EMF). In the face of overwhelming evidence (Henshaw, 2009, Calif. Dept. of Health Science, 2002; EU SCENIHR Report, 2009; A. Huss et al. 2008, NIEHS (US) 2007, and O’Carrol and Henshaw, 1999) suggesting otherwise, power companies continue to use the 100µT (as opposed to the 1.0 µT) as the limit for human and animal exposure. This limit dates back to pre 1998 and is considered inadequate in the literature and by the consultant. The studies referenced and others provide adequate proof that levels of 1.0 µT can double or triple the risk of such disease as childhood leukemia, adult brain cancer and Alzheimer’s. 96. EDF data on EMF under 400kVA power lines suggest that at 30m distance from the axis (the centerline of the Tower) µT levels average 12 µT ,and at 100m it is 2 µT; measurements taken at 1m above the ground.

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97. For this TL the outer conductors will be 19m apart, except for 3-4 ‘transposition’ towers where the outer conductors will be 38m apart. 98. Ehtaiba et al (2008) completed a comprehensive study to establish EMF levels at varying distance from the TL axis for a new 400kV line in Libya. They produced a number of informative diagrams (Figure 2), based on modeling and field measurements, that indicated that for a double circuit 400kVA line measured at 1 m above ground and with a line current at 1000 amps, the µT levels at 30m from the TL axis (and about 23m from the outside conductor of the TL) would likely be between 3-6.5 µT, more or less in line with EDF’s data. 99. Increasing the measurement height to 1.5 m and the voltage to 500kVA, and the distance between outside conductors to 20m the µT levels are estimated to be 24 µT at 30m and 4 µT at 100m from TL axis. 100. IN 2009 the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in California reviewed the seven major reports on EMF. Six of the seven indicated that exposure of > 0.4 µT from high voltage power lines was dangerous to health, particularly children.

Figure 2. Estimated EMF levels at varying distances and height from the outside conductor of a 400kV transmission line (copied from .M. Ehtaiba et al. 2008). Green equals RoW edge

101. Using the date compiled by Henshaw (2009), including knowledge that Italy, Sweden, Switzerland and Tasmania Australia have moved to increase the distance of high voltage lines from settlement and are enforcing a no- agriculture zone as well as the EPRI review, the following limits will be set for this 500kV TL: • Minimum recommended distance from the outer conductor to any human use of the corridor will be 50 m or a total of 75‐80 m on either side of the Tower axis;

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• Livestock operation, including cattle and poultry will be recommended outside the 75m distance from the outside conductor • No crop‐based agriculture activity will be recommended within the 30m boundary from the outer conductors; and, • These limits and restrictions will be posted on signs on each tower and one between each tower along the alignment and in District Offices conductors where the line is crossing a road or river. 102. EVN will conduct regular (every two months) surveys, measuring uT levels at 30m, 50m 75m and 100m at 1 and 2m above ground at sites within 400m of settlements and inside the closest residences to the outer conductor and any area used for agriculture. Reading will be used to adjust the boundaries as needed. Two sets of meters such as the Tecpel EMF Tester (Gauss Meter)-Product ID: EMF-701A [http://www.allproducts.com/ee/tecpel/Product-20041123145642.html ] will be purchased for that survey. The measurement results will be posted at District People’s Committee Offices and the survey results will be communicated directly to local residents so that they are aware and can make an informed decision.

3.3.3 Spill Of Hazardous And Toxic Material

103. There are no hazardous materials used for maintenance of the towers and conductors. The issues related to SS maintenance will be addressed in a separate study once details regarding the SS are available.

3.3.4 Continuous Habitat Disruption in the TL Corridor

104. The towers, conductors, access tracks and the area underneath the TL , i.e. the 40m wide operating corridor will be disturbed on a regular based, likely every 6 to 18 months and every time vegetation reaches >3m in height , when it will need trimming by mostly manual means, but will be left on site. Therefore, the area will remain chronically disturbed. Since the understory-ground cover will not be disturbed, unless a tower foundation must be replaced, this impact will be insignificant. In fact this action will likely attract bird, mammal and herptiles species that thrive in ecotones. 105. When working close to the national park (stations G12-G15 on Map 1, for a distance of 17 km), maintenance crews will be made fully aware of the proximity of the park and the no-entry rule (as specified in Section 3.2.4.). 3.4 Social Assessment 106. The resettlement surveys completed to date suggest that only 48 households will need to be relocated due to the TL corridor placement (Table 4). A larger number or rubber, coffee and eucalyptus trees found in provincial plantations will need to be removed from within the RoW. These will be replanted nearby. The total land requirement for the 93.3km long TL RoW will be around 373 ha ( but depending on the final decision regarding the TL RoW width 107. Since the TL corridor has been placed to pass through the new economic areas, Kinh people (Viets) will account the largest proportion of the population affected, followed by the lesser ethnic groups such as the Gia Rai, Ria Ngao. Gia Rai and Ria Ngao which are distributed throughout the districts in the two provinces. 108. A detailed Resettlement Plan and Social Assessment has been prepared as part of the safeguards documentation and should be referenced as needed.

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3.4.1 Public Safety and UXO

109. The construction methods to be used do not involve any explosives, since nearly all work will be done manually, by work crews. However, it is necessary to consider the possibility of forest fires during this stage, due to poorly managed cooking fires. It is necessary to pay attention to this danger because the TL corridor passes through forest plantation areas. 110. Since the TL is close to the border with Laos, there is the danger of unexploded ordinance within the RoW. Construction area clearing will take place prior to any other activity and workers will be allowed to start work only after clearance is given by the UXO team.

4 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 111. Alternatives to the transmission line were not seriously considered since a transmission line was a critical link to getting the power from the hydroelectric stations funded by Vietnam (with one already under construction) to Vietnam’s grid. Without 500kV transmission line the power was not going to get to Vietnam, since other transmission lines were at a capacity and far away from the power station sites. 112. There were no optional power generation schemes considered, since hydroelectric generation was considered renewable energy and did not require provision of fuel, requiring additional costly and environmentally unacceptable effects. Run-of-the river designs were also ruled out as they would have required large shore- based areas and the power generation would not have warranted the large investment. 113. Two alternative alignments were considered. Alignment 1 was 93.38 km with 65 families to be relocated and 135 additional houses and/or assets affected in some way. The alternative will need to cross water bodies twice. It crosses through smooth terrain with mainly low hill. Main vegetation cover is primeval forest (border area), and rubber, coffee, and crops of local people. 114. Alternative 2: with 95.30 km in length and will require the relocation of 61 families, plus an additional 105 whose property will be affected in some way. Two of the five sections are the same as for alternative 1. There will only be one water crossing. The section from G 8 to G18, is in very complex terrain, with many deep canyons, high fluctuation of altitude and access limitation, requiring access road construction. Main vegetation cover is thick forest, coffee, rubber, and crops planted by local people. 115. The length of Alternative 2 exceeds Alternative 1 by 2km. At new section for Alt. 2, crossing over Ngoc Hoi and Dak To districts, the terrain is very complex and access would require additional work. Therefore, it will be difficult to build and later to maintain the facility in this section. Alternative 1 crosses over smooth terrain, and near an existing road. Vegetation cover is mainly rubber, crops and local people’s paddy field. 116. Alternative 2’s new section, which crossing over Chu Pah district in Gia Lai province, affects more household than Alt. 1. It also negatively affects the master planning of the residential area expansion, and possibly interferes with the Ho Chi Minh Highway in Gia Lai Province. 117. Therefore, Alternative 1 was considered most suitable (Table 5) and will be the basis for the project design.

Table 5. Comparison of Alternative Alignments

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LAO PDR / VIETNAM Asian Development Bank CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARING THE BAN‐SOK PLEIKU POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT 500 kV OHL_TA 6481‐REG Main parameters Unit Alternative 1 Alternative 2 The route’s length m 93,388 95,306 In Kon Tum Province m 71,872 74,429 In Gia Lai Province m 21,516 20,877 Number of turning angels Angels 29 28 Maximum turning angels Degree 56017’ 51040’ Minimum turning angels Degree 02030’ 04059’ Longest arm m 9,831 7,315 Shortest arm m 568 568 No.ttimes crossing over 500kV TL Time 3 3 Number of times crossing through HW (HW.40, No. 2 2 HW.14C) Number of times crossing over Po Ko River No. 2 1 and Ialy HPP’s reservoir Number of houses/structures within ROW House 65 61 Number of affected house, structure as per No. 134 105 Circular No. 03/2010/TT-BCT

5 MITIGATION, MONITORING: THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 118. In the EMP EVN has identified the mitigation and compliance monitoring requirements, including specifying how, when, where and by whom, the mitigation and monitoring is to be carried out (Annex A, Table 1-2) during the three key phases of the project (the preconstruction or planning and design period, the construction period and the operating period). They will be implemented by construction contractors, EVN or its consultant and are presented in detail in the EMP’s mitigation (EMiT) and monitoring (EMoT) table. Both tables are self explanatory and have been prepared such that they can be used as environmental clauses in the contract documentation and as monitoring checklists. They are fully cross referenced to each other and with the IEE report. The EMP’s implementation will be monitoring by the the DONRE offices in the two provinces and by the CSC retained by EVN. 119. An important overarching mitigative action is the need for the completion of a bird- TL mortality literature review and short field survey, leading to mitigation action proposal (if needed). This work will be completed prior to the start of construction. 120. A second survey is to be conducted during the operating period when the corona discharge noise and EMF measurements are to be taken. These data will be used to assess the recommended habitation exclusion corridor and to make adjustments based on these readings. 121. The overall responsibility for both mitigation and monitoring will be EVN, ensuring that mitigative and monitoring measures will be implemented, and that pre construction and construction period EMP completion checklists will be prepared. 5.1 Pre Construction Period

5.1.1 Mitigation

122. The EMPs mitigation Table, the EMiT (Annex Table A-1), lists five mitigative actions for the pre-construction period. The first three do not exactly address impacts but rather possible impacts due to the failure of EVN and/or its consultant PECC4 to have the the IEE and its EMP fully translated, distributed and used, making sure that the information is read and incorporated into contract specifications, etc.; valuable preventative measures.

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123. The 4th measure will attempt to assemble more credible information on the bird-high voltage TL mortality issue, to prepare a short literature review, make any relevant recommendations, initiating a discussion between ENV and the two DONREs and the committee overseeing the management of the area parks. 124. The final mitigative measure is in direct response to the observations by the international consultant that the technical capacity and tools needed to implement environmental safeguards as defined in an EMP are lacking. In response to this observation, EVN will organize a training workshop in Kon Tum City focusing on: • Understanding and applying Environmental Management Plans; • Design and Implementation of Compliance Monitoring: • Compliance monitoring methods., using the equipment provided • Compliance monitoring information analysis and reporting • Enforcement of environmental safeguards 125. The workshop will be developed not just for technical staff but managers and administrators (at least for the half day), with a focus on the economic cost benefit of the application of environmental safeguards for power projects. 126. Prior to the workshop a list of basic monitoring equipment will be prepared and purchased and, then used during the workshop. This will include a noise meter as well as one or two Gauss meters, etc.

5.1.2 Monitoring

127. Each mitigative action has a matching monitoring task defined in the EMP’s monitoring Table (EmoT). The first three mitigative actions will require submission by EVN/PECC4 of documented evidence that the actions defined were implemented. These reports and notes will be made available for future inspection by the DONREs and/or ADB. 128. The bird-TL survey will require the production of the report defining if and to what level an effect is likely. If the survey identifies a possible impact, a monitoring plan will be include in the survey report, and this will be implemented. 129. The results of the workshop will be feedback from participants and improved awareness and better monitoring tools and as such more relevant data. 5.2 Construction Period

5.2.1 Mitigation

130. The seven construction period mitigative measures concentrate on making sure that the contractor follows good housekeeping procedures and is fully aware of the restrictions regarding working in and near the national park and about strict rules about sourcing construction such as aggregate from nearby streams, particularly in Gia Lai Province. There is to be no such ‘mining’. 131. While the workforce will be small, there will be ample opportunity for sewage and garbage pollution. The contractor will be required to define waste management procedures acceptable to both DONRE’s and People’s Committees for all sewage and garbage generated by the project. 132. The contractor will also have to comply with strict rules regarding the management of waste oils, lubricants and the handling and storage of fuel—as defined by Vietnamese regulations. Other than the contractors’ main staging areas, less than 1000L of fuel and oil will be stored anywhere along the corridor.

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133. The TL corridor has been carefully placed to avoid damage to any natural forest stands. Section 3.2.4 of the IEE contains a specific mitigative measure defining the conduct of construction workers in the corridor paralleling the national park (Stn. G 12- G15), and actions to be taken if there is any non-compliance. EVN will ensure that these measures are adhered to. The TL will however require the removal of quite a number of plantation trees, including rubber, eucalyptus and some coffee trees directly inside the TL right-of-way. These trees are from government plantations, but compensation will be made and new trees planted. Any cleared areas where there is a danger of erosion or dust will be revegetated.

5.2.2 Monitoring

134. Each mitigative action will require a monitoring task and provision of regular monitoring reports or checklists verifying that the mitigative actions have been implements in a technically credible manner. 135. The work will be performed by the two DONREs or the EVN’s supervising consultant, using the equipment and training purchased by EVN and provided at the workshop. 136. Construction period monitoring will involve regular site visits and the preparation of completion checklists for each tower construction site to be sure that rehabilitation has taken place and no areas were water can pond and act as a mosquito breeding area is left behind. The contractor will also be expected to submit a semiannual checklist report, insuring that the contractor confirming that the mitigation stipulated in the EMP was actually undertaken. 5.3 Operating Period

5.3.1 Mitigation and Monitoring

137. Three mitigation and monitoring actions are defined in the EMP. Operating period mitigation focuses on obtaining proper reporting on the mitigative actions taken during the construction period, such that any operating period follow- on actions are easily implemented. 138. Two surveys are proposed, one to address the corona effect and noise issue and a second survey the measure EMF levels at varying horizontal distances from the conductors. To complete this work, EDL will purchase a portable noise meter as well as two Gauss meters capable of measuring µT to the 0.1 µT level. A survey design has been presented in the EMP’s EMiT and EMoT tables, under task numbers 3.2 and 3.3. 139. The monitoring results will be used to re-evaluate the recommended exclusion corridor boundary and post new suggested limits and provide new data for villages in the area. 140. The issues surrounding the hazardous materials associated with the substation transformers is not addressed in this IEE, but will be thoroughly reported in a separate study in the substation, once substation details are available. 5.4 Mitigation and Monitoring Cost Estimates 141. Costs have been allocated into preconstruction, construction and operating periods of the project (Table 6). Each period also has estimate expenses added. Also the preconstruction period is limited to 12 months, the construction period to two years and the

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6 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 143. ADB requires that EVN establish and maintain a grievance redress mechanism to receive, facilitate and resolve grievances of affected people concerning the delivery of environmental safeguards at the project level, as defined in the assessment documents (primarily the EMP). The grievance redress mechanism has been scaled to the risks and impacts of the project. 144. During consultations held as part of this IEE, EVN’s consultant PECC4 explained the grievance redress process to the village, district and provincial participants. As well, EVN will post the procedures and relevant telephone numbers in all affected District People’s Committee offices in the two provinces, and provide details to the contractor(s). 145. After the completion of the IEE and prior to the start of the construction, EVN will establish a Grievance Redress Committee, comprising of one representative from each District People’s Committee and one from the provincial government, preferably from the Governor’s Office, making for a minimum 4-member Grievance Committee. At least two members will be women. The committee will be chaired by the provincial People’s Committee representative. 146. If a resident sees a problem and identifies it as a non-compliant of suspicious activity he/she can lodge a complaint with the committee member from the closest village In most cases issues can be resolved by mediation and discussion at this level. The village committee member must table the complaint with the committee, and a reply in writing or via a meeting with the complainant must be completed within 7 days. 147. If there is no reply the complainant’s grievance is deemed accepted and action must be taken within 14 days. If the committee challenges the grievance, the complainant can appeal directly to the provincial DONRE (either by the Complainant or by the Village Committee on their behalf) who will have a further 14 days to respond. If there is no satisfaction and there is a further challenge the complainant must notify the MORNE headquarters and EVN in Hanoi, for action and resolution of the issue, within another 14 days. After that period, if there is no response or a favourable resolution, the complainant must be granted the actions and the Grievance Committee chair must notify the complainant that compensation will be provided no later than 45 days after the original grievance was filed. 148. If the grievance can still not be resolved, or the complainant is not yet satisfied with the findings, the fourth al step is that the claimant has the right to present the case at national Court. Access to the courts is obviously a last resort. 149. Complainant are not liable for the costs of taking their complaints to the level of MONRE or EVN, Hanoi, in cases where a complaint cannot be resolved at the lower levels as described above. However, if the complainant chooses to take a complaint further, i.e. they are not satisfied with the result or finding and pursue the matter either to Provincial or National Court; they will be liable for the costs associated with those hearings.

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Table 6. Estimated Mitigation and Monitoring Cost.

Non Re occur ing Reoccuring Note : P=Pe ople 12 34567 89101112131415 No No. Days No. P. No. P Unit Unit Total Cost No No No. No. No. Unit Unit Total Cost Cycle per Viet. Int'l. cost Cost (USD) Cycle Yrs Days P. P cost Cost (USD) s or cycle Int'l Viet. s /Yr. /cycle Viet Int. Int'l Viet. Mitigation and Monitoring Items Units . 1. Pre-Construction Period: (12 months) 1.1 No Administrative Support for EMP 0 0 0 0 720 160 - Implementation 1.2 No IEE or EMP docs translated or distributed 1 3 2 0 720 160 960.00 1.3 Worksite boundaries not defined & no specified 500.00 site rehabilitation steps leading to soil a veg, loss Survey Dura- No. P. No. P Total Cost No. Sites Int'l Ntn'l tion Viet Int'l. (USD) (days) 1.4 Bird-Transmission Line Mortality: 18 1 0.5 1 720 160 14,400.00 Technical Study Special Costs Monitoring Equipment: noise meter, database,digital camera,HS internet connection via modem (3 15,000.00 years),2 Gauss meters; and training in use Workshop Costs (Prep. and delivery 1.5 days); 1 10 5 1 720 200 17,200.00 Air fare ( related to Workshop) 4 1 3500 200 4,300.00 Ground Transport 1,200.00 Workshop Logistics and M aterials Provided by Provinces Payment for workshop attendance 25 25 625.00 Pre-construction Period Total 54,185.00 $0.00 2. Construction Period ( 24 months) 2.1 Soil Erosion and Stream Degradation; Site 000000 part of rehabilitation, revagatation and protection against - Construction erosion 1 2 240 2 0 720 160 costs 2.2.1 Sewage and Garbage contamination due to 000000 poor contractor housekeeping practices: undertake part of sewage and solid waste collection and disposal Construction system - 1 2 40 2 0 720 160 costs 2.2.2 Water quality degradation due to vehicle w ashing in w ater courses: Provide contractor briefing on this restriction 1 3 1 0 720 130 390.00 1 2 1 1 0 720 160 $320.0 2.3 Insect Born Disease Outbreak, due to poor site management 1 2 30 1 0 720 160 $9,600.0 2.5 Degradation to Chu Mon Ray National Park: Enforcement of no-use rule w ithin Park boundary 1 4 1 1 0 720 160 $640.0 2.6 Air Pollution; dust and vehicle emission: Dust part of supression in vicinity of settlements, and limiting Construction vehicle idling 26 2 1 1 0 0 160 costs Transportation 4,000.00 $6,000.0 Other Expenses 4,000.00 $2,000.0 Construction Period Total 8,390.00 $18,560.0 3. Operating Period ( Min 3-years monitoring) 3.1 No. Mitigation Completion report and Operating stage mitigation timetable; EDL assists w ith completion of report and delivery to EDL 1 10 1 0.5 720 160 5,200.00 3.2 Corona Effect: Conduct Noise measurements establishing field noise levels for corona discharges 0.00 3 2 10 1 0.2 720 160 $18,240.0 3.3 Electromagnetic Field & health Degradation; Field measurements, reporting & revision of recommended exclusion zone 3 2 10 1 0.2 720 160 $18,240.0 3.4 Water quality and health degradation due to spill of haz. and toxic materials from SS Transformers: Undertake regular inspection and reporting of cooling oil management 5,000.00 3 2 4 1 0 720 160 $3,840.0 3.5 Bird-TL Mortality Technical Study; Implementation of any mitigative actions--needed, based on Pre Cost based on Construction Survey Study Output Transportation 2,000.00 $6,000.0 Expenses 4,000.00 $4,000.00 Operation Period Total 16,200.00 $50,320.00 Totals: Non-reoccuring and Reoccuring 78,775.00 68,880.00 MITIGATION AND MONITORING Totals Pre Construction Period $54,185 Construction ( 2 years) $26,950 Operating Period (Yrs. 1-3) $66,520 Total $147,655 Contingency Costs @ 7% $10,336

Total Costs minus stnd. environmental engineering costs (italics); $157,991 Total including Contingency i.e., usually included in engineering cost estimates: 2.1, 2.2.1, and 2.6

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150. If efforts to resolve disputes at the village and project level remain unresolved or unsatisfactory, affected people have the right to directly discuss their concerns or problems with the ADB Operations Department in charge, through the ADB,s Vietnam Resident Mission in Hanoi. Affected people can also notify the ADB’s safeguard specialist responsible for the project ([email protected]), who will then initiate further investigation.

7 INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION 151. Consultations were organized by PECC4 and held during the two week period between February 20 and 29th, 2011, in three communes in Gia Lai Province and seven communes in Kon Tum province, all impacts by the alignment in one way or another (Table 7). Detailed summary and sample of one of the official and verified meeting minutes in provided in Annex B.

Table 7. Summary of Consultation Sessions: Feb. 16-29, 2011 Gai Lai and Kon Tum Provinces

GIA LAI Prov. Date Result Feedback No. Participants Chư Păh District 2011 See Annex 2 for details Nghia Hoa commune 16/02 Local people and See Detailed Chief of Nghia Hoa authorities support Minutes in Annex 2 commune plus 7 male chosen TL and 5 female alternative. participants La Ka commune 18/02 Chosen T L See Detailed Commune chief, 8 alternative supported. Minutes in Annex 2 men and 3 women participants La Phi commune 20/02 Chosen T L See Detailed Commune chief and alternative supported. Minutes in Annex 2 18 male and 8 female participants KOM TUM Prov. Pleiku City La Chim commune 21/02 Chosen T L See Detailed 2 Commune chiefs, 11 alternative Minutes in Annex 2 male and 7 female supported. participants Sa /Thay District Sa Binh commune 23/02 Chosen T L See Detailed 3 Commune chiefs, alternative supported Minutes in Annex 2 plus 18 male and 9 female participants Sa Nghia commune 24/02 Chosen T L See Detailed 1 chief of commune alternative supported Minutes in Annex 2 plus 16 male and 11 female participants. Sa Nhon commune 25/02 Chosen T L See Detailed 2 Communal chiefs: alternative supported Minutes in Annex 2 Plus 23 male and 12 female participants La Koi commune 27/02 Chosen T L See Detailed 1 Commune chief plus alternative supported Minutes in Annex 2 20 male and 6 female participants. Ngoc Hoi District Dak Kan commune 28/02 Chosen T L See Detailed 5 Commune chiefs alternative Minutes in Annex 2 plus 11 male and 2 supported female participants Dak Su commune 29/02 Chosen T L See Detailed 1 Commune chief plus

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alternative Minutes in Annex 2 16 male and 2 female supported participants

7.1 The Process 152. All consultations were coordinate with the Chief of the district and commune Peoples’ Committees one week prior to the meeting. The commune People’s Committees were then charged with notifying citizens. 7.2 Information Disclosure and Materials 153. The information was presented orally at a meeting chaired by the Commune Chief(s) and delivered by the PECC4. The following topics were addressed in detail as documented by PECC4: • The project information • The project description (construction and operation phases) • The project’s impacts on environment • Compensation, assistance, resettlement plan: ADB and GoV. • Compensation, resettlement plan details. • Ethnic minority development plan details. • Environmental management plan summary. • Complaint and grievance procedure.

7.3 Comments and Concerns Received 154. In general there were no negative comments regarding the TL alignment placement as participants recognized that the selected corridor led to the least amount of environmental and social impact. 155. Since the consultations were organized to jointly address environmental and social safeguards, all comments received by PECC 4 related to resettlement, occupation of land and rehabilitation and compensation methods and timing (see Annex 2)8. Participants were silent on environmental issues. However, a number of commune chiefs urged that EVN insure that the contractor(s) are fully aware of the latest GoV standards and norms regarding environment and that they are forced to adhere to these standards. In this way minimal long term damage will result. 7.4 Follow Up Actions Identified 156. At the ten commune meetings PECC4 indicated that the IEE and its EMP would be made available to the Commune People’s Committee (CPC) and that community members were urged to examine it and especially the EMP to establish the mitigation and monitoring expected during construction and operation of the TL. The final IEE will be translated into Vietnamese and provided to the People’s Committees participating in the consultations.

8 As is often the case, when environmental and social safeguards are presented jointly, environmental safeguards are very much overshadowed.

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157. PECC4 also informed the CPCs of the grievance procedure and that the contact information and steps would also be provided to the People’s Committee offices at the district and commune level.

8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

8.1 Conclusion 158. The TL alignment was carefully selected to avoid any sensitive natural environment areas and to minimize the social disruption, principally resettlement. For the 933 km length a total of 48 families will be displaced and 175 ha of annual crop land lost to the TL corridor. 159. There is an urgent need to create better technical capacity at the provincial and district level in safeguards understanding, management and implementation. This is particularly relevant for management level, i.e. the people who make decisions on supporting safeguard actions. 160. The contractor(s) building the TL will be required to follow good housekeeping steps as defined in the EMP and in the contract specifications. 161. Erosion will be an issue along the corridor within the first 10-20 km of the border, i.e. form Station G1-G4, where the topography is steep and and a number of towers will be required. To address this concern erosion prevention steps are presented in the EMP (see Annex A, items 2.1 of the EMiT. 162. The TL-bird morality has not been examined by EVN on any past TL project and as such a short literature review and field survey will be undertaken to assess the scale of this problem for EVN’s high voltage TL system. If required mitigation plan will be prepared and measures implemented. 163. In order to establish the safe distance for human habitation from the outer conductor of the 500 kV transmission line, the EMF effect will be measured using Gauss meters purchased as part of the project EMP requirement. The international standard of 1µT will be carefully examined and a safe EMF distance defined for the TL. 164. The need for a noise measurement survey addressing the corona effect under the TL will also be assessed by EVN, and will be based on discussions with experts within Vietnam and an examination of the international standards and experience. 165. The final RoW width remains unresolved. At present Vietnam’s standards stipulate a 31m wide RoW for a 500kV TL. This is contrary to safe international standards of 70m. A decision to accept the international standard will mean an almost doubling of the impact corridor width. 8.2 Recommendation 166. A 1.5 day workshop will be delivered by EVN in the two provinces, addressing the benefit and cost of safeguards, and on technical understanding, implementation, monitoring and reporting on safeguards implementation. 167. Based on the both a corona effect noise measurements and an EMF survey, standards for safe distances for human habitation and agriculture and livestock activity in the vicinity if the TL will be discussed within EVN and results posted and recommended distances provided to commune People’s Committees offices. 168. As soon as the details of the substation are known a separate environmental analysis will be completed, addressing any potential impacts, such as spent oil management. As well, if EVN decides to accept the international standard of 78m,

BAN SOK – PLEIKU DRAFT FINAL REPORT_IEE_VIETNAM SIDE

LAO PDR / VIETNAM Asian Development Bank CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARING THE BAN‐SOK PLEIKU POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT 500 kV OHL_TA 6481‐REG additional examination of the RoW will be required in insure that the new land requirements do not trigger negative environmental impacts. 169. Beyond the conduct of a separate environmental analysis for the new substation and further analysis if the RoW width is increased , no additional assessment is necessary and the existing IEE adequately addresses the ADB’s and GoV’s environmental safeguard requirements.

BAN SOK – PLEIKU DRAFT FINAL REPORT_IEE_VIETNAM SIDE

LAO PDR / VIETNAM Asian Development Bank CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARING THE BAN‐SOK PLEIKU POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT 500 kV OHL_TA 6481‐REG

9 REFERENCES ADB.(2006. Country Synthesis Report on Urban Air Quality Management – Lao PDR: Discussion Draft.

Bioinitiative Report. 2007: A Rationale for a Biologically-based Public Exposure Standard for Electromagnetic Fields (ELS and RF) Authors: Sage, Xu, Chen, Lai, Blank, Johansson, Hardell, Mild, Kundi, Davanipour, Sobel, Blackman, Gee and Carpenter. http://www.bioinitiative.org/index.htm

Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). 2009. EMF-Health Risk Evaluation (Review of Seven Major Studies). 4pgs EPRI 3420 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California : http://emf.epri.com/EMF_Health_Risk_Evaluations_Updated_2_%207-09.pdf

Henshaw. D.L. 2009. Brief to Poland’s Minister of Environment Regarding EMF Exposure Health Risks from 400kVA high Voltage Transmission Lines. Bristol Unv. UK, Dept of Physics. Weblink: www.kamionki.net/minister_of_environment_%20poland_%203rd_aug_09.pdf

Huss A, Spoerri A, Egger M, Martin R__sli M. 2008. Residence Near Power Lines and Mortality From Neurodegenerative Diseases: Longitudinal Study of the Swiss Population. Am J Epidem 169(2), 167 -175.

MRCS. 2001. Watershed Directory of the Lower Mekong Basin – Watershed Classification Project (WSCP). Mekong River Commission Secretariat.

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), 1999, NIEHS Report on Health Effects from Exposure to Power-Line Frequency Electric and Magnetic fields. NIH Publication No. 99-4493, P. O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.

O’Carroll, M. J. and Henshaw, D. L., 2008. Aggregating epidemiological evidence: comparing two seminal EMF reviews. Risk Analysis, 28(1), 225-234

SCENIHR. 2009 update: Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks: Possible effects of Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) on Human Health. Published by the European Commission, Health & Consumer Protection DG, Directorate C: Public Health and Risk Assessment, Unit C7 – risk Assessment, Office: B232, B-1049 Brussels; weblink: http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/committees/04_scenihr/docs/scenihr_o_022.pdf

A‐1 LAO PDR / VIETNAM Asian Development Bank CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARING THE BAN‐SOK PLEIKU POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT 500 kV OHL_TA 6481‐REG

ANNEXES

Annex A: The Environmental Management Plan

Annex B: Summary of Consultation Sessions as prepared by PECC4 and scan of original meeting records with People’s Committee verification stamps.

Annex C: Details on Chu Mon Ray National Park, as written in Birdlife International. 2008. Sourcebook of Vietnam’s Existing and Proposed Protected Areas, 2nd Edition: http://birdlifeindochina.org/birdlife/source_book/source_book/frs_central_highlandsn_fr2.html

A‐2 LAO PDR / VIETNAM Asian Development Bank CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARING THE BAN‐SOK PLEIKU POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT 500 kV OHL_TA 6481‐REG Annex A: The Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

Table A-1: Environmental Mitigation Table (EMiT).

Environmental Mitigative Measures Location2 Time Frame Responsibility Impact/Issue Implementation Supervision

1. PRE-CONSTRUCTION PERIOD : Most Impacts relate to the failure to take steps to avoid impacts during the next project stages 1.1 IEE and EMP not Applied Kon Tum and Gai Lai As part of the 1.5 day training workshop organized by CPPMB 1.1.1 No Administrative Provinces Once Contractors (under EVN), the first ½ day will be devoted to awareness EVN , working Support for EMP management from selected, but CPPMB raising for management, focusing on economic cost benefit of with PECC4 Implementation the Governor’s Office before mobilization application of environmental safeguards down Before the 1.1.2 No IEE or EMP CPPMB will insure that 13-14 hardcopy sets of the documents preparation of docs translated or are distributed and each of the 8 key agencies receives a CD NA CPPMB EVN contract distributed with all soft copies in both languages. documents 1.1.3 Worksite EVN will specify the work areas as 80x80m for each tower boundaries not defined construction site and a TL corridor of 30.6m9 in total, plus Prior to the Specified for the & no specified site necessary access tracks from an existing road to the center of preparation of entire TL construction CPPMB EVN rehabilitation steps the TL. contract corridor leading to soil a veg, EVN has also defined a six-step method for rehabilitating the specifications loss construction site (See Sect 3.2.1 ). 1.2 Bird- A 2-week bird movement migration study, preceded by a During the detailed Prior to the Special EVN Transmission Line literature review will be conducted to determine which species design period completion of the Consultant—or might be affected by the new TL, particularly in the vicinity of the undertake a short detailed design, in NGO like Mortality order to permit any Chu Mo Ray National Park , when and where, Then, based on technical survey and BIRDLIFE- alignment these data a mitigation action plan will be implemented, literature review and modifications-(if Vietnam working consisting of possibly installing beacons to warn birds of prepare a set of needed) with EVN and approaching wires, etc. recommendations Vietnam Min of and the need for any Environment further action involved

2. CONSTRUCTION PERIOD 2.1 Soil Erosion and The contractor(s) will be required to make each tower access At each tower Throughout the Contractor CPPMB and Stream Degradation erosion-proof by compacting the exposed surface area and construction site as construction period EVN’s placing gravel or similar material along the tracks10 and well as for the Construction revegetating the 40 x 40m tower construction site; particularly access/service track Supervision areas that are cleared to erect the 193 towers. Construction to be built Consultant compliance monitors will be required and involve inspecting (CSC) each tower as it is completed and report on the rehabilitation carried out. Further, aggregate for the concrete foundations for the TL towers must come from approved sources and none can be mined from nearby streams or floodplains. The contractor caught mining streams will be fined the equivalent of the cost of having the required material trucked into the tower site and rehabilitation of the the river area mined. 2.2 Water Quality and Public Health Degradation Contractors will adhere to standard good housekeeping Any construction site Throughout the Contractor CPPMB and practices as defined in the contract Terms & Conditions and or activity which is construction period EVN’s CSC 2.2.1 Sewage and Conditions of Particular Application, to be signed between EVN the responsibility of and Garbage contamination and the contractor(s). Special considerations will be given to the contractor independent due to poor contractor management of construction waste and water, equipment ssafeguard housekeeping practices lubricants and fuel. This will be done in accordance with monitoring Vietnam Environmental Protection Agency ( VEPA) and EVN consultancy guidelines; which the contractor will be expected to know (ISMC) 2.2.2 Water quality EVN will specify in contract specifications that washing of Any construction area Throughout the Contractor CPPMB and degradation due to vehicle or construction equipment is prohibited in any natural construction period EVN’s CSC vehicle washing in water stream or water body which connects to a stream. Fines will be and ISMC courses applied if non-compliance is noted. Construction sites in the tropics, where malaria , yellow fever At all construction During regular Contractor and CPPMB and and petechial fever occurs, can become sources of outbreaks by sites inspection inspector EVN’s CSC 2.2. 3 Insect Born providing stagnant water areas, either as depressions at the cycles—likely and ISMC Disease Outbreak, due constructions site or via improperly stored/discarded weekly to poor site construction equipment such as old tires, which collect water management after a rain. One old tire is enough to cause a serious malaria outbreak within 7 days. To prevent this the contractor’s worksite chief will be required to inspect every site ,as part of the

9 The RoW width is presently controlled by a Vietnam national regulation. 10 The TL alignment is very close to existing hard surface and gravel roads, therefore requiring few new access tracks. A‐3 LAO PDR / VIETNAM Asian Development Bank CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARING THE BAN‐SOK PLEIKU POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT 500 kV OHL_TA 6481‐REG

Environmental Mitigative Measures Location2 Time Frame Responsibility Impact/Issue Implementation Supervision

completion checklist to make sure that no areas were water can pool is left behind and that all waste construction materials such as tires are removed from the site.

2.3 Terrestrial Habitat The preferred alignment does not pass through any natural Km 0-39 of TL As construction is Contractor CPPMB and forest areas; but rather will require the removal of plantation alignment completed and EVN’s CSC 2.3.1 Loss of Forest forest trees including rubber and eucalyptus, principally in areas towers are erected and ISMC trees ( all plantation) between km 0 ( at Vietnam-Lao border) and km 39 ( Point G0- G14 on Map 1). These removals must be followed by revegetation. Basic care will need to be taken during the construction of the Within the 30.6m During the Contractor, CPPMB and TL as it passes close to the boundary of the Chu-Mon Ray wide ROW construction period EVN’s CSC National Park’s eastern boundary. This will involve preventing particularly along the and ISMC any illegal activity by construction workers inside the park eastern border of boundary. Chu Mon Ray 2.3 .2 Degradation of Vietnamese parks are zoned with buffer and core zones. The National Park the boundary area of buffer zone, several km wide from the boundary, is settled by Chu Mon Ray National local people who exploit the resources and often venture into the Park: Km 31.5-48.1 core zone to further extract all resources. Chu Mon Ray National Park is therefore heavily impacted along its eastern border by the people living in the buffer zone. The TL which is 500 -2km distance from the border, and separated from the park by a provincial road No.675, will marginally, if at all, impact the Park. 2.4 Air Pollution; Controls on vehicle idling and equipment maintenance will be Any work area where Throughout the Contractor, CPPMB and dust and vehicle imposed through construction inspection and regular reporting there is a settlement construction period EVN’s CSC emission by CSC monitors. Equipment and vehicles will be shut off if not within 100m and ISMC in use more than 3 minutes and all will be maintained according to manufacturers’ specifications. Dust will be carefully and continuously managed. Dust control will be particularly stringent along any unpaved roads used to access the transmission tower sites and passing within 100 m of any settlement. Any such road through a settlement area will be watered according to a written schedule agreed to between the contractor and CPPMB or EVN. 3. OPERATIONAL STAGE 3.1 Contractors do The contractor is required to prepare a Mitigation/Monitoring NA Mitigation report Contractor with EVN or EVN’s not prepare Completion Report, which must be submitted to EVN’ for completed before help from EVN’s TL operating Mitigation transfer to the Operator of the TL. This is needed so that the contractor received operating unit or unit operator can follow up with mitigative measures such as final payment and EVN and any Completion report revegetation, initiated by the contractors. Should this not take and PMU fails to place, the entire EMP and monitoring program is in jeopardy. implementation Construction provide a Operating EVN is committed to making certain that the contractor carries schedule when Supervising stage mitigation out this task and will provide guidance operations begin Consultant timetable for EVN’s Measures to continue into the operating period will be the operating unit to maintenance of revegetation areas and confirmation of the follow record of the decommissioning of any work areas, work camp sites including waste dumps, etc and the sealing/securing of wells newly dug for use during the construction period. As well as the monitoring of Electromagnetic Field (EMF) effects. 3.2 Conductor Noise To safeguard against this noise impact, sometimes a steady Any section of the TL Throughout the EVN’s operating EVN (Corona Effect) 50dBA, EVN or EVN’s operating unit will restrict habitation within where there are operating period-to unit 75 m of either side of the outer conductor of the transmission settlements within become a standard operating line. i.e. a corridor about 30.6m wide plus 75m on either side, 75m on either side of procedure for EVN until noise measurements data are available and the boundary the outside revised, based on actual measurements. A 1-year noise conductor. monitoring activity will take place to assess if this boundary is needed and if it needs to be revised or eliminated completely. ( see monitoring activity in EMoT)

3.3 Electromagnetic According to Vietnam law, the following limits will be set for this Along the TL within To be completed EVN or EVN’s EVN 11 Field exposure and 500kV TL . >76m of any as part of the operating unit health Degradation settlement—posted installation of towers and service at the edge of the • Minimum distance from the outer conductor to any road preparation human habitation will be 15.3m towards each side; 30.6 m ROW and on • Livestock operation, including cattle and poultry No all towers. agriculture activity will be permitted within the 0.5m boundary from tower foundation; • Crop production will be permitted at distances of >0.5m • For trees which are re-planted in ROW out city or

11 This law does not comply with international best practices and the standard remains under discussion. The consultant recommends that the international standard be adopted, given the extensive evidence. A‐4 LAO PDR / VIETNAM Asian Development Bank CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARING THE BAN‐SOK PLEIKU POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT 500 kV OHL_TA 6481‐REG

Environmental Mitigative Measures Location2 Time Frame Responsibility Impact/Issue Implementation Supervision

town: their height is less than 6.0m and as from the highest point of the tree to the lowest conductor when it is steady-state. For trees in ROW in city or town: this distance is 4.5m. • Min. distance from conductor to the nearest point of the working equipment, tools and means in ROW of 500kV T/L is 8.0m (safe distance of electrical discharge) • Min. distance from conductor when it is in max. steady-state to the highest point of means of transportation (4.5m) is 5.5m; of means and works of railway (4.5m) is 7.5m; of means and works of railway (7.5m) running by electricity is 7.5m. Min. distance from conductor to the air steady height according to technical level of inland waterway is 4.5m. • These limits and restrictions will be posted on signs at 20m intervals along the alignment and in District Offices. EVN or EVN’s operating unit will conduct regular (every six months) surveys, measuring uT levels within 15.3m distance each side of the T/L, and 1 and 2m above ground at sites within 15.3m-76m of settlements from the outer conductor towards each side of T/L and any area used for agriculture in the TL corridor of impact. Readings will be used to adjust the boundaries as needed. Two sets of meters such as the Tecpel EMF Tester (Gauss Meter)-Product ID: EMF-701A [http://www.allproducts.com/ee/tecpel/Product- 20041123145642.html ] will be purchased for that survey. The measurement results will be posted at District People’s Committee Offices , announced and explained in relation to international standards so that local residents are aware. (see monitoring activity in EMoT)

3.4 Water quality and All discussion of substations has been removed from this IEE health degradation since a location and details are not available. A separate due to spill of haz. environmental analysis will be completed when details of the SS location and configuration will be completed by EVN. and toxic materials from Substation Transformers

Abbreviations used: EVN=Electricite du Vietnam the owner and proponent of the project; CSC=Construction Supervision Consultant retained by EVN; CPPMB= Central Power Projects Management Board; TL-transmission line, ISMC = Independent safeguards monitoring consultant

A‐5 LAO PDR / VIETNAM Asian Development Bank CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARING THE BAN‐SOK PLEIKU POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT 500 kV OHL_TA 6481‐REG

Table A-2: The Environmental Monitoring Table (EMoT)

ITEM Monitoring Details Timing Executing Reporting Unit Responsibility 1. PRE-CONSTRUCTION (DESIGN) PERIOD: all written confirmation and reports submitted to EVN for the record and available to ADB for compliance check. 1.1 IEE and EMP Outputs not Applied CPPMB or EVN will provide a list of attendees of the During the workshop EVN or CPPMB CPPMB workshop and the workshop material will be available to be conducted prior 1.1.1 No Administrative for inspection at the EVN or CPPMB offices in Kon Tum to the start of Support for EMP and Gia Lai. The material will be used to provide construction Implementation awareness for managers during the first half day will be highlighted EVN will provide a list of receipts from the 8 Viet. Min. 2 months before EVN or CPPMB EVN 1.1.2 No IEE or EMP docs agencies (see Paragraph 70) receiving the materials, start of construction available, translated or indicating that Vietnamese translations are on site. period and after distributed successful contractor chosen 1.1.3 Worksite boundaries CPPMB will specify to the consultant the exact In time for inclusion in CPPMB EVN not defined & no specified boundaries for the work area, which will be more or Contract Specifications site rehabilitation steps less 15.3m centered over the TL centerline12. leading to solid a veg, loss

EVN will provide a all monitoring equipment and In time for workshop EVN EVN materials as follows, in order to assist with effective for demonstration and monitoring: training purposes 1.2. Construction • Portable noise meter Monitoring cannot start • Templates for environmental monitoring reports due to lack of equipment and data tables and technical capacity • Digital camera with GPS (Samsung WB 650 or similar) • Two µT or Gauss meters e.g., TECPEL Gauss Meter EMF-701 A completed technical literature review and survey of Will be completed prior Specialist Specialist Consultant on 1.3 Bird-Transmission the bird-TL interaction will be completed and mitigation to the final survey of Consultant behalf of EVN ; and EVN Line Mortality measures proposed in a short (2 week) technical study. the TL, since the work working for or CPPMB to distribute my require some CPPMB the documentation relocation 2. CONSTRUCTION PERIOD -prepare and use a monitoring checklist Each tower construction site will have a rehabilitation Throughout the ECS and ISMC EVN or CPPMB 2.1 Soil Erosion and checklist prepared by the inspector, noting that all construction period Stream Degradation revegetation is completed and and that no river aggregate mining has taken place 2.2 Water Quality and Public Health Degradation EVN will provide written evidence of proper sewage Throughout the ECS and ISMC EVN or CPPMB, with 2.2.1 Sewage and Garbage disposal and solid waste management according to construction period receipts from waste contamination due to poor Vietnam regulations. The evidence will be receipts for management agencies contractor housekeeping practices volume processed from licensed sewage and garbage management companies 2.2.2 Water quality Auditor will indicate any violations and contractor will Throughout the ECS and ISMC EVN or CPPMB with degradation due to vehicle be asked to verify that no such washing occurred—to construction period receipts from waste washing in water courses the best of their knowledge management agencies

12 Vietnam is not following international standards and applying an 80m RoW. At the time of the IEE preparation the 30.6m wide RoW remains in use, and is based on Decree No. 106/2005/MONRE. A decision on the boundary is forthcoming. A‐6 LAO PDR / VIETNAM Asian Development Bank CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARING THE BAN‐SOK PLEIKU POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT 500 kV OHL_TA 6481‐REG

ITEM Monitoring Details Timing Executing Reporting Unit Responsibility Regular inspection to include examination for stagnant Throughout the ECS and ISMC EVN or CPPMB, with water and discarded equipment that could provide a construction period receipts from waste breeding ground for insects—If non-compliance found, management agencies 2.2.3 Insect born a note that these areas have been repaired and no disease outbreak, due to longer potential breeding grounds will be prepared and poor site management submitted to EVN.

2.3 Terrestrial Habitat Loss Any tree removal will be from plantation and production Throughout the CSC and EVN and/or CSC forests. Proper compensation with owners will be construction period monitor 2.3.1 Trees removed arranged as part of RAP and rehabilitation of ay cutting sites will be inspected and reported to EVN Confirm use of manual clearing methods No herbicides While construction CSC and EVN and/or CSC used to control vegetation along the ROW will be takes place within 2km monitor avoided wherever possible. If required, appropriate of a nationally 2.3.2 Minimizing effects on herbicides will be selected and the GoV standards re protected area such as National Park handling and dispensing will be carefully followed. the CMR-Nat’l . Park Burning will be avoided where possible. If required, fires will be carefully controlled to ensure they do not impact areas outside if the ROW. Construction inspectors will include written comments Throughout the CSC and EVN and/or its CSC on dust control and vehicle emissions, in terms of construction period monitor observed idling and smoke from construction vehicles 2.4 Air Pollution; dust and types of warnings given. and vehicle emission Secondly the schedule for road watering in the area of villages along the selected TL corridor will filed with EVN or CPPMB for review. 3. OPERATIONAL PERIOD 3.1 Contractor(s) do not EVN to proactively remind contractor of the need for At the start of EVN or EVN’s EVN or EVN’s operating prepare Mitigation his end of work report, for use by EVN operators of the Operating period operating unit unit Completion report and TL. and Contractor PMU fails to provide a Operating stage mitigation timetable for EVN’s operating unit to follow Using the noise meter provided as part of the During the operating EVN or EVN’s EVN or EVN’s operating monitoring equipment kit, EVN or CPPMB monitor to period operating unit or unit or Technician with measured corona discharge noise level at 1.5m from EVN trained advice from EVN and/or ground at distances of 10, 30 and 80m from the center technician provinces line of the TL, 4x/year at stations within 100m of 3.2 TL Conductor Noise habitation, twice during the wet season and twice (Corona Effect) during the dry season—for 4 years including at least two years with the full 500kV voltage is being passed through this TL. These data will be used to reassess the exclusion zone Using the Gauss meters, a survey consisting of six- During the operating EVN or EVN’s EVN or EVN’s operating monthly sampling at sites within 76 m of the TL as from period operating unit or unit & Special consultant 3.3 Electromagnetic Field the center of the T/L towards each side over two days EVN trained exposure and health (one cycle each day) at two heights 1 and 2m and 15, technician degradation- 30, 50 and 70m from the outside conductor. If measurements of >1µT are found at the 70m distance a 100m measurement will be undertaken. Operators to keep track of any bird mortalities found in Ongoing , as part of EVN –inspectors EVN or EVN’s operating TL corridor, and an incident report should be completed the operating period working with unit for all mortalities found. inspection village chiefs. Installation of repellent beacons to be considered, plus 3.4 Bird-TL Mortality other deterrents, based on results and recommendations coming from Technical Survey/Study. EVN will investigate a possible reward program with villages to find any such dead or injured birds and a payment for each one turned into EVN TL operators

Abbreviations used: A‐7 LAO PDR / VIETNAM Asian Development Bank CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARING THE BAN‐SOK PLEIKU POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT 500 kV OHL_TA 6481‐REG

EVN=Electricite du Vietnam the owner and proponent of the project; CSC=Construction Supervision Consultant retained by EVN; CPPMB= Central Power Projects Management Board; TL-transmission line, ISMC = Independent safeguards monitoring consultant

A‐8 LAO PDR / VIETNAM Asian Development Bank CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARING THE BAN‐SOK PLEIKU POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT 500 kV OHL_TA 6481‐REG Annex B: Consultation Records (unedited PECC4) Summary 1. Asian Development Bank: Summary report about issuses such as: compensation, assistance, resettlement plan; ethnic minority development plan; environmental management plan based on ADB’s safeguard policy statement. 2. Consultation way - Informing Commune People’s Committees in the project area (CPCs) of implementing public consultation with local people as well as time and content of the consultation. - Organizing meeting: representative of CPCs states reason of the meeting, consultant’s representative presents the following contents: a. The project information b. The project description (construction and operation phases) c. The project’s impacts on environment d. Compensation, assistance, resettlment plan. ADB and the Government of Vietnam. e. Compensation, resettlement plan. f. Ethnic minority development plan. g. Environmental management plan. h. Complaint and grievance. - Feedbacks of inhabitants in the project area 3. Summarizing public consultation result GIA LAI A Result Feedback Number of participants PROVINCE I Chư Păh District - Now, unit price issused by PPC is lower than the Total number of participants of fact. Thus, it should have consultation meeting is 13 assistance alternative to people. In which: ensure PAHs’ interestss - 01 Chief of Nghia Hoa - Resetlement plan has to commune: be agreed by CPC and - 12 local people PAHs • 7 males - PAHs affected by • 5 females electromagnetic field have All participants include: Local people and to be displaced to new 1. Cao Minh Hoà - Vice- Nghia Hoa authorities place. There are site chairman commune support and agree 1 rehabilitation methods 2. Lò Văn Long (on February 16, with the chosen after finishing 3. Nguyễn Quốc Thuận 2011) project T/L construction. 4. Lò Văn Niệm alternative. - Appointing staff who will 5. Nguyễn Văn Ninh carry out site clearance 6. Nguyễn Mậu Duyền and compensation to take 7. Nguyễn Mậu Quyết part in training before 8. Nguyễn Đăng Trình carrying out. 9. Phạm Huệ - Assisting machines, 10. Phạm Chiến equipments such as 11. Nguyễn Văn Phòng photocopy machine, fax, 12. Nguyễn Văn Thủy printer to conduct the 13. Phạm Văn Độ project. - It should assist Total number of participants of compensation price to consultation meeting is 12 Local people and PAHs in order to ensure people. In which: Ia Ka commune authorities their real interests - 01 communal chief: 2 (on February 18, support and agree - Appointing staff who will - 11 local people 2011) with the chosen carry out site clearance • 8 males T/L alternative. and compensation to take • 3 females part in training before Including:

A‐9 LAO PDR / VIETNAM Asian Development Bank CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARING THE BAN‐SOK PLEIKU POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT 500 kV OHL_TA 6481‐REG

carrying out. 1. Rơ Chăm GRiưh - Chairman - Assist construction of a 2. Rơ Châm Alel contact room to solve 3. Ksos Prok complaint and grievance 4. Rơ Châm Sui regarding to the project 5. Rơ Châm Chưng 6. Rơ Châm Theo 7. Rơ Châm Uch 8. Rơ Châm Wuk 9. Rơ Châm H’yát 10. Rơ Châm Hunh 11. Rơ Châm Khưn 12. Rơ Châm Hrú Total participants of consultation meeting is 27 people. In which: - 01 Communal chief: - 26 local people • 18 males • 8 females - It should have an All participants consist of: assistance alternative to 1. Rơ Chăm Wich - Vice PAHs in order to ensure chairman their real interests 2. Rơ Châm Phe - Appointing staff who will 3. Rơ Châm Myip carry out site clearance 4. Rơ Châm Huông and compensation to take 5. Rơ Châm Hiu part in training in 6. Rơ Châm Huynh compensation, allowance 7. Rơ Châm Plôi Local people and and resettlement policy 8. Rơ Châm Byer Ia Phi commune authorities before carrying out. 9. Rơ Châm Klinh 3 (on February 20, support and agree - It should have an 10. Rơ Châm Nhùi 2011) with the chosen assistance on machines, 11. Rơ Châm Blông project alternative. equipments to CPC in 12. Rơ Châm Im order to cooperate the 13. Rơ Châm Phúc project implementation. 14. Rơ Châm Dêl - Suggesting more 15. Rơ Châm Anich regularly mearsuring 16. Rơ Châm Anìu electromagnetic field at 17. Rơ Châm Ình residential areas where 18. Rơ Châm Djriêu the T/L crosses over. 19. Rơ Châm BlơiH 20. Rơ Châm Hai 21. Rơ Châm DJăng 22. Rơ Châm Chép 23. Rơ Châm Hnót 23. Rơ Châm Ameo 24. Rơ Châm Jon 25. Rơ Châm Phinh 26. Rơ Châm Bớt 27. Rơ Châm Chép B KON TUM PROVINCE I Pleiku City - Suggesting that it should Total participants of Local people and have an compensation consultation meeting is 20 Ia Chim commune authorities price assistance to PAHs people. In which: 1 (on February 21, support and agree in order to ensure their - 02 Communal chieves: 2011) with chosen real interests - 18 local people project alternative. - Suggesting that it should • 11 males appoint local stafves to • 7 females

A‐10 LAO PDR / VIETNAM Asian Development Bank CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARING THE BAN‐SOK PLEIKU POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT 500 kV OHL_TA 6481‐REG

train in compensation, All participants include: allowances and 1. A Tưp - Vice chairman resettlement 2. Hùynh Thanh Tùng - Land - Weh village should be staff assisted to rehabilitate 3. Trần Thị Hồng some traditional cultural 4. Nguyễn Tĩnh characteristics 5. Nguyễn Văn Thanh - Suggesting that it should 6. Cao Văn Đạo assist machines, 7. Nguyễn Thị Thuỷ equipments such as 8. Đỗ Thanh Ngà photocopy machine, fax, 9. Trần Văn Phước printer to conduct the 10. Đỗ Văn Thông project. 11. Nguyễn Thị Sơn - To ensure sustainable 12. Đặng Quang Vinh development for PAHs, it 13. Nguyễn Thị Hoà should allow residents to 14. Nguyễn Văn Hoà borrow capital with no 15. Đỗ Thị Quyên interest rate in long-term 16. Nguyễn Thị Lan period for reinvestmnet for 17. Đăng Quang Sang production 18. Nguyễn Thanh - Suggesting that it should Bình implement according to 19. Nguyễn Hữu Phước approved EIA 20. Nguyễn Văn Hà II Sa Thay district Total participants of consultation meeting is 30 - Suggesting that it should people. In which: have an compensation - 03 Communal chieves: price assistance - 27 local people alternative to PAHs in • 18males order to ensure their real • 9 females interests and legal All participants include: entitlements 1. Trần Văn Hữu - Vice- - PAHs will self choose chairman resettlment alternative. 2. Lê Minh Luận - Party - In the project committee secretaty implementation process, it 3. Nguyễn Thanh Tâm - Chief should have a mount of of the secretariat cost for local staves who 4. A Blẽo Local people and support the project. 5. Aphik Sa Binh commune authorities - Assisting equipments, 6. A Mương 1 (on February 23, support and agree machines such as 7. A Vũ 2011) with chosen photocopy machine, fax. 8. A Wit project alternative. - Suggesting money 9. A Jút assistance to PAHs in 10. A Kool order to them reinvest for 11. A Phik production and support 12. A Mit them contact with capital 13. Y Úi source having no interest 14. A Dyik rate in order to PAHs 15. A Huê invest for perennial 16. A lươn industrial trees 17. A Ghê development. Assisting for 18. A Ếch building communal house. 19. A TÌnh - Suggesting that it should 20. A Lui conform to current law on 21. A Picoh environment protection. 22. A Lương 23. A Nhim 24. A Phéch A‐11 LAO PDR / VIETNAM Asian Development Bank CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARING THE BAN‐SOK PLEIKU POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT 500 kV OHL_TA 6481‐REG

25. A Cho 26. A DJưr 27. A Thưr 28. Kros Tín 29. Vanh 30. Y Bép Total participants of consultation meeting is 28 people. In which: - 01 chief of commune - 27 local people • 16 males • 11 females Consisting of: 1. Nguyễn Văn Mười - Vice- chairman 2. Lê Ngọc Hơn - Now, unit price issused 3. Đương Thị Chí by PPC is lower than the 4. Nguyễn Thanh Chung fact. Thus, it should have 5. Vũ Thị Bản an assistance alternative 6. Đỗ Xuân Toàn to ensure PAHs’ 7. Nguyễn Thị Kim Anh interestss Local people and 8. Lê Trọng Sang Sa Nghia - When implement the authorities 9. Phạm Đước Hiếu commune project in the locality, it 2 support and agree 10. Trần Thị Hồng (on February 24, should have an amount of with chosen 11. Nguyễn Tĩnh 2011) cost for local staves who project alternative. 12. Nguyễn Văn Thanh support the project 13. Cao Văn Đạo implementation. 14. Nguyễn Thị Thủy - Sugget to assist CPC 15. Đỗ Thanh Ngà with one photocopy 16. Trần Văn Phước machine and one 17. Đỗ Văn Thông computer. 18. Đỗ Văn Thường 19. Nguyễn Thị Sơn 20. Đặng Quang Vinh 21. Nguyễn Hữu Phước 22. Nguyễn Thị Hoà 23. Nguyễn Văn Hoà 24. Nguyễn Văn Hà 25. Đỗ Thị Quyên 26. Nguyễn Thị Lan 27. Đặng Quang Sang 28. Nguyễn Thanh Bình - Now, unit price issused Total participants of by PPC is lower than the consultation meeting is 37 fact. Thus, it should have people. In which: an assistance alternative - 02 Communal chieves: to ensure PAHs’ interests 1. Huỳnh Tấn Tài - Vice- - Appointing staff who will chairman Local people and Sa Nhon carry out compensation, 2. Bùi Thanh Bình - Vice-party authorities commune allowance and communittee secretary 3 support and agree (on February 25, resettlement to take part - 35 local people with chosen 2011) in training before carrying • 23 males project alternative. out. • 12 females - Conform according to 1. Huỳnh Trân Tài environmental protection 2. Đặng Thanh Long law 3. Lỗ Văn Mùi - Suggesting that it should 4. Hồ Văn Tuấn conform to law on 5. Lê Thị Trang A‐12 LAO PDR / VIETNAM Asian Development Bank CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARING THE BAN‐SOK PLEIKU POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT 500 kV OHL_TA 6481‐REG

environment protection. 6. Nguyễn Thị Thái 7. Lê Thị Kim Hoa 8. Tạ Minh Thông 9. Nguyễn Thị Bích Liên 10. Trần Văn Lực 11. Võ Thanh Sang 12. Trần Thi Phương 13. Lê Hữu An 14. Trần Văn Tý 15. Phạm Thị Hồng 16. Cao Thị Trẩy 17. Phạm Thị Chuộn 18. Trần Văn Toàn 19. Trần Cao Cường 20. Trần Thị Điều 21. Nguyễn Thi Ba 22. Lâm Tín 23. Nguyễn Phiêu 24. Trần Ngọc Phiệt 25. Trần Thị Nở 26. Nguyễn Văn Bốn 27. Lê Thị Lan 28. Trương Thị Điểm 29. Nguyễn Văn Y 30. Lại Thị Là 31. Đỉnh Toán 32. Nguyễn Thanh Tuấn 33. Lê Thành Trung 34. Nguyễn Anh 35. Trần Trung Total participants of consultation meeting is 27 - Before land aquisition, it people. In which: should cooperate with - 01 Communal chief: local staves to mobilize, - 26 local people and explain for PAHs to • 20 males understand and • 6 females implement All paticipants include: - During people 1. A Him - Chairman mobilization 2. A Băk implementation process to 3. Biên acquire land and breaking 4. A Bil Local people and down house and asset, it 5. A Bdir Ia Koi commune authorities should have an amount of 6. A Bền 4 (on February 27, support and agree cost for local staves’ 7. A Chor 2011) with chosen implementation 8. A Đek project alternative. - It should have a money 9. A Điêm assistance for PAHs in 10. A Dẻo order to them to re-invest 11. A Deop for their production 12. A Diu - Having worker 13. A Đoàn management plan when 14. A Dũng implementing the project. 15. A Đinh Implementing the project 16. A Đoán just according to law on 17. Nguyễn Văn Đông environment protection. 18. Piên 19. A Biên 20. A Bik 21. A Bin A‐13 LAO PDR / VIETNAM Asian Development Bank CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARING THE BAN‐SOK PLEIKU POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT 500 kV OHL_TA 6481‐REG

22. A Rúi 23. A Sen 24. A Jip 25. A Khúc 26. A Bỉnh 27. A Gliêm III Ngoc Hoi district Total participants of - Now, unit price issused consultation meeting is 23 by PPC is lower than the people. In which: fact. Thus, it should have - 05 Communal chieves: an assistance alternative - 13 local people: 11male, 2 to ensure PAHs’ interests females according to real value. 1. Nguyễn Huy Mót -Vice- - Unit price issused by chairman PPC is now lower than the 2. Nguyễn Hải Anh - Vice party fact. Thus, it should have committee secretary assistance plan to ensure 3. Hà Quang Xuân - Land staff PAHs’ interests 4. Lê Đức Thuyết - Vice- - Suggesting to implement chairman of Communal Local people and Dak Kan completely compensation Vietnamese Fatherland Front authorities commune before the project Committee 1 support and agree (on February 28, commencement 5. Nguyễn Quang Ánh - with chosen 2011) - It should have an Chairman of farmer association project alternative. amount of cost for local 6. Lữ Đức Thuỷ staves who take part in 7. Nguyễn Văn Tướng the project implementation 8. Bùi Văn Cầu - Assisting equipments, 9. Đinh Thị Chầm machines to the locality to 10. Đinh Văn Hương implement the project 11. Đinh Xuân Hương such as photocopy 12. Xà Thị Hà machine, printer. 13. A Ú - Suggesting to implement 14. A Hóc the project according to 15. A Vớ law on current 16. Ông Chí environment protection 17. Ngô Văn Viễn 18. Giáp Văn Khoa Total participants of consultation meeting is 19 people. In which: - 01 Communal chief - Suggesting to have - 18 local people suitable compensation, • 16 males assistance and • 2 females resettlment alternative in Including: order to ensure PAH’s 1. Hoàng Trung Kiên Local people and interrests 2. Nghiêm Minh Tuấn Dak Su commune authorities - Assisting to implement 3. Lê Tuấn Thành 2 (on February 29, support and agree resettlment before the 4. Ngọc Vin 2011) with chosen project implementation 5. A Lóc project alternative. - Equiping machines for 6. Hoàng Thị Thơm local staves to implement 7. Nông Văn Tình the project 8. Nông Văn Hoạt advantageously 9. Nông Văn Cường 10. A Răm 11. A Kế 12. A Dế 13. Đàm Thị Hoan 14. Nông Văn Hoè A‐14 LAO PDR / VIETNAM Asian Development Bank CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARING THE BAN‐SOK PLEIKU POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT 500 kV OHL_TA 6481‐REG

15. Mã Văn Dính 16. Hoàng Thu Mối 17. Nông Văn Long 18. Nông Văn Lợi 19. Võ Đông - Chairman

Sample of Meeting minutes from La Chim, February 21, 2011. All remaining minutes are available fro PECC4 office Nha Trang or EVN, Hanoi.

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ANNEX C Excerpt from Birdlife Internatational.2008. Sourcebook of Existing and Proposed Protected Areas in Vietnam: Second Edition

http://birdlifeindochina.org/birdlife/source_book/source_book/frs_central_highlandsn_fr2.html Management history

Chu Mom Ray was included on Decision No. 65/HDBT of the Council of Ministers, dated 7 April 1982, which decreed the establishment of a 10,000 ha nature reserve, called Mom Ray-Ngoc Vin (MARD 1997). In 1995, an investment plan for Chu Mom Ray Nature Reserve was prepared by the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute (Anon. 1995). This investment plan was approved by Decision No. 12 of Kon Tum Provincial People's Committee, dated 27 January 1996, by Decision No. 3051 of MARD, dated 11 September 1996, and by governmental Decision No. 693, dated 27 August 1997. A management board was then established by the provincial people's committee on 19 October 1998 (Kon Tum Provincial People's Committee in litt. 2000). The management board currently has 40 members of staff, based at eight guard stations (Lai Duc Hieu Vice-director of Chu Mom Ray National Park in litt. 2003).

On 30 July 2002, the Special-use Forest category of Chu Mom Ray was revised from nature reserve to national park, following Decision No. 103/QD/TTg of the Prime Minister. According to the Prime Minister's Decision, the total area of the national park is 56,621 ha, comprising at strict protection area of 40,566 ha, a forest rehabilitation area of 12,137 ha and an administration and services area of 3,918 ha. These figures include two expansion areas added to the national park in 2002: one in the north and one in the south. The national park is under the management of Kon Tum Provincial People's Committee (Lai Duc Hieu Vice- director of Chu Mom Ray National Park in litt. 2003).

Chu Mom Ray is included on a list of Special-use Forests to be established by the year 2010, prepared by the FPD of MARD, as a 56,621 ha national park (FPD 2003); this list has not yet been approved by the government.

On 17 and 18 December 2003, the environment ministers of the ASEAN nations amended the ASEAN Declaration on Heritage Parks and included four ASEAN Heritage Parks in Vietnam, including Chu Mom Ray National Park. Topography and hydrology

Chu Mom Ray National Park is situated in western Kon Tum province, in the Central Highlands, close to the point where Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos meet. The national park is located in Ro Koi, Sa Son, Sa Nhon, Ya Xier and Mo Rai communes, Sa Thay district and Sa Loong and Po Y communes, Ngoc Hoi district, Kon Tum province. To the west, the national park borders Virachey National Park in Cambodia.

The national park is situated in an area of medium-high mountains, the highest of which is Chu Mom Ray at 1,773 m, from which the national park gets its name. Elevations gradually decrease from east to west, and the lowest elevation in the national park is c.200 m. The national park is drained by the Dak Hodrai and Krong Po Ko rivers and their tributaries. These two rivers feed the Se San river, which flows across north-eastern Cambodia to join the Mekong River. Biodiversity values

The two main forest types at Chu Mom Ray National Park are lowland evergreen forest, which is distributed below 1,000 m, and lower montane evergreen forest, which is distributed above this elevation. In addition, there are smaller areas of lowland semi-evergreen forest, distributed at elevations below 700 m. The remainder of the national park supports a range of secondary vegetation types (Anon. 1995), including large

A‐18 LAO PDR / VIETNAM Asian Development Bank CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARING THE BAN‐SOK PLEIKU POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT 500 kV OHL_TA 6481‐REG areas of bamboo and a central area of grassland that developed following the wartime use of defoliants along the Ho Chi Minh Trail; this latter area has now become important for wild cattle.

According to Lai Duc Hieu Vice-director of Chu Mom Ray National Park (in litt. 2003), 1,149 species of vascular plants, 97 species of mammal, 201 species of bird, 47 species of reptile, 17 species of amphibian and 18 species of fish have been recorded at the site to date. These include two newly described orchids species believed to be endemic to southern Indochina: Coelogyne schltesii and Bulbophyllum amitinandii.

According to Duckworth and Hedges (1998), Chu Mom Ray National Park may be one of the best remaining areas for Tiger Panthera tigris in Vietnam, with a population estimated at 10 to 15 individuals in 1997. Duckworth and Hedges (1998) also report that the occurrence of Asian Elephant Elephas maximus has been confirmed at Chu Mom Ray, although the population has declined in size significantly since 1980, and is now fragmented into two small groups. Finally, the authors present provisional evidence for the continued occurrence of Gaur Bos gaurus at the site. Fieldwork conducted during 2001 and 2002 provided further evidence for the occurrence of Gaur and Banteng B. javanicus at the site (C. Turtle in litt. 2003).

During a field survey in 2003, a number of bird species of conservation concern were recorded at the site, including the globally threatened Germain's Peacock Pheasant Polplectron germaini and the globally near- threatened Black-hooded Laughingthrush Garrulax milleti (Nguyen Cu in litt. 2003). Both of these are restricted-range species, indicating that Chu Mom Ray may lie in a transitional zone between the Kon Tum Plateau and South Vietnamese Lowlands Endemic Bird Areas. Tordoff (2002) considers that Chu Mom Ray is likely to qualify an Important Bird Area, as it is likely to regularly support significant populations of a number of globally threatened and restricted-range bird species. Conservation issues

The buffer zone of Chu Mom Ray National Park covers 188,749 ha. The total population of the buffer zone is 28,570 people, who belong to the Kinh, Gia Rai, Muong, Xe Dang, Thai, Ro-mam, Ha Lang and Brau ethnic groups (Lai Duc Hieu Vice-director of Chu Mom Ray National Park in litt. 2003). There are currently no people living inside the boundaries of the national park (Kon Tum Provincial FPD in litt. 2000).

Many of the threats to biodiversity at the site come from the inhabitants of the buffer zone. Kon Tum Provincial FPD (in litt. 2000) identify these threats as forest fire, hunting and clearance of forest for shifting cultivation.

According to the World Bank Forest Protection and Rural Development (FPRD) Project, the most important conservation issues at Chu Mom Ray National Park are: (i) the boundary of the national park is not clearly demarcated, although, except for 21 km on the eastern side, which has the most pressure from villages, there are plans to completed boundary demarcation by 2004; (ii) there is encroachment from villages bordering the national park; (iii) hunting is taking place within the national park; (iv) non-timber forest products (particularly rattans, dipterocarp resins, Scaphium macropodium fruit and Thysanolaena maxima) and (although there is limited direct evidence of it) timber are extracted from the national park; (v) the main road that cuts through the middle of the national park is being upgraded for use by rubber plantations in Mo Ray commune; (vi) the area was heavily bombed and sprayed with defoliants during the Second Indochina War; and (vii) there is a significant threat of forest fire along the eastern edge of the national park, with the development of commercial pine and Acacia plantations (C. Turtle in litt. 2003). Other documented values

Chu Mom Ray National Park has an important role in protecting the upstream catchment of the Se San river. The Se San is the site of two planned hydro-electric dams, as well as the existing Ya Ly falls scheme, and a dam on the Krong Po river, a tributary of the Se San.

The forest in the area is an important source of forest products for local communities, who experience, on average, two months of food shortages per year (Kon Tum Provincial FPD in litt. 2000). Forest products exploited by local people include fuelwood, bamboo, rattans, honey, resin and some medicinal plants (Thai Truyen 1997). Related projects A‐19 LAO PDR / VIETNAM Asian Development Bank CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARING THE BAN‐SOK PLEIKU POWER TRANSMISSION PROJECT 500 kV OHL_TA 6481‐REG

With funding from the World Bank and the Netherlands government, the FPRD Project began implementation at Chu Mom Ray National Park in 1999. The objectives of the project at Chu Mom Ray are to develop and implement a revised management plan for the national park; promote food security and socio- economic development in the buffer zone to reduce pressure and dependence on the natural resources of the national park; and to develop institutional capacity for national park and buffer zone management.

The revision of the management plan aims to formulate an agreed management direction for the national park, covering management zoning, ecosystem management, institutional development, community relations and livelihoods, conservation awareness and education, tourism and visitor management, and ecological research and monitoring.

In addition to the FPRD Project, the WWF Indochina Programme has implemented three projects at Chu Mom Ray. Between June 1996 and May 1997, a project to promote forest protection in Le R'Mam village, Mo Ray commune, through local culture and traditional methods was implemented. Between December 1997 and May 1998, an English language training course was held for management board staff. Between August and December 1998, training was provided to management board staff in Tiger conservation (WWF 2000, 2001a,b). Conservation needs assessment

A conservation needs assessment was conducted for Chu Mom Ray National Park in 2002, with the support of the FPRD Project. Operational management plan

An operational management plan was prepared for Chu Mom Ray National Park in 2002, with the support of the FPRD Project.

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