第11章

ENRICHMENT BIBLIOGRAPHY

丰容参考书目

671

The American Association of Zoo Keeper, Inc. Enrichment Bibliography

美国动物园管理人协会（AAZK）丰容参考书目

Bears

熊

Ames, A. 1993. Environmental enrichment for captive polar bears. Biologist. 40:3.

Ames, A. 1993. The behaviour of captive polar bears. UFAW Animal Welfare Report No. 5, Potters Bar, England.

Ames, A. 1994. Object manipulation in captive polar bears. International Conference on Bear Research and Management. 9:443-449.

Ames, A. 1998. Ursidae Feeding and Foraging in Practice, Principle, and Review. In: Hare, V.J., Worley, E. eds. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. San Diego: The Shape of Enrichment. pp 108-111.

Bacon, K., Ripsky, D., Hawk, K., and Battershill, R. 2000. Giant Panda Personalities: Enrichment for the Individual. The Shape of Enrichment. 9(1):1-4.

Carlstead, K., Seidensticker, J. 1991. Seasonal variation in stereotypic pacing in an American black bear (Ursus americanus). Behavioural Processes. 25:155-161.

Carlstead, K., Seidensticker, J., and Baldwin, R. 1991. Environmental enrichment for zoo bears. Zoo Biology. 10(1):3-16.

Cowan, K. 1997. Fire Hose Hammocks for Bears. The Shape of Enrichment. 6 (3) 1-2

Cowan, K. and Musson, A. 1998. Jelly Sticks and Activity Balls for Bears (and Others!). The Shape of Enrichment. 7(2):8-9.

Dobberstine, J. and Shepherdson, D. 1994. Food-Scattering for Zoo Bears: Does it Really Work? The Shape of Enrichment. 3 (1):9-10.

Duncan, A.E. 1994. Lions, tigers, and bears: The road to enrichment. In: Proceedings of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, Pittsburgh, PA. pp. 270-277.

Ervin, J. 1994. The Bear Essentials. The Shape of Enrichment. 3 (4): 1-2

Fischbacher, M. and Schmid, H. 1999. Feeding enrichment and stereotypic behavior in Spectacled bears.Zoo Biology. 18(5):363-372.

Ford, J. 1994. A Bear/Gorilla Toy with No Experience and No Money. The Shape of Enrichment. 3(4):6.

Forthman, D. and Bakeman, R. 1992. Environmental and social influences on enclosure use and activity patterns of captive sloth bears (Ursus ursinus). Zoo Biology. 11(6):405-415.

Forthman, D., Elder, S., Baderman, R., Kurkowski, T., Noble, C., and Winslow, S. 1992. Effects of feeding enrichment on behavior of three species of captive bears. Zoo Biology. 11(3):187-195.

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Frederick, C. 1997. Sun Bear training promotes well-being. The Shape of Enrichment. 6 (4):13-14.

Hare, V. 1997. Behavior modification of captive Alaska brown bears (Ursus arctos gyas) using automated food dispensers. In: Holst, B. ed. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. Frederiksberg: Copenhagen Zoo. pp. 39-61.

Hare, V., Herren, R., and Hawk, K. 1996. Quick and Easy Enrichment at Sun Bear Forest. The Shape of Enrichment. 5 (3):3-6.

Hennessey, C. 1996. Reducing stereotypic behaviour in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Auckland Zoo. RATEL. pp. 9-21.

Keulen-Kromhout van, G. 1978. Zoo enclosures for bears: their influence on captive behaviour and reproduction. International Zoo Yearbook. 18:177-186.

Koene, P. 1994. Food presentation and stereotypies in brown bears. Proceedings of the 28th International Congress of the International Society of Ethology. Denmark.

Kolter, L. and Zander, R. 1997. Potential and limitations of environmental enrichment in managing behavioural problems of polar bears. In: Holst, B. ed. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. Frederiksberg: Copenhagen Zoo. pp. 131-141.

Lind, T. 2000. Fun and Food for Polar Bears. The Shape of Enrichment. 9(2):10.

Lindburg, D.G. and Millard, S.E. 1997. Behavioral issues in reproductive management of cheetahs, with implications for the giant panda. In: Holst, B. ed. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. Frederiksberg : Copenhagen Zoo. pp. 251-259.

Ortner, D. 1995. Behavioral Enrichment for Bears. The Shape of Enrichment. 4 (1):11

Poulsen, E. 2000. Using Enrichment to Problem-Solve Stereotypies in Bears. The Shape of Enrichment.9(3):8-10.

Poulsen, E. M. B. 1992. Polar Bear Enrichment at the Calgary Zoo. The Shape of Enrichment. 1 (2):10

Poulsen, E. M. B., Hutchinson, J., Honeyman, Dr. V., Cooper, Dr. R., Campbell Teskey, Dr. G. 1998. Using Enrichment as a Diagnostic Tool in One Captive Polar Bear. In: Hare, V. J., and Worley, E. eds. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. San Diego: The Shape of Enrichment. pp. 251-257.

Poulsen, E. and Price, J. 1997. Building a Polar Bear Den at the Calgary Zoo. The Shape of Enrichment. 6 (3):12-13.

Poulsen, E.M.B., Honeyman, V., Valentine, P., and Teskey, G.C. 1997. The successful treatment of a chronic stereotype in one polar bear (Ursus maritimus) using enrichment programming, enclosure redesign, and medical therapy. In: Holst, B. ed. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. Frederiksberg : Copenhagen Zoo. pp. 209-217.

673

Spendrup, S. and Larsson, H.O. 1998. A comparative of brown bear (Ursus arctos) in five different enclosure sizes and types. In: Hare, V.J., and Worley, E. eds. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. San Diego: The Shape of Enrichment. pp. 391-398.

Sun Bear Forest Team. 1992. Exhibit Improvements to the Sun Bear Forest Area at the San Diego Zoo. The Shape of Enrichment. 1(1):8

Twamley, K. 1993. Foraging Encouragement for Bears. The Shape of Enrichment. 2(2):9

Van Keulen-Kromhout, G. 1978. Zoo enclosures for bears: their influence on captive behavior and reproduction. International Zoo Yearbook. 18:177-186.

Warner, A., Markowitz, H., and McBride, M. 1979. Environmental enrichment for polar bears in the zoo. Paper presented at the Western Psychological Association. San Diego, California.

Wechsler, 1991. Stereotypies in polar bears. Zoo Biology. 10(2):177-188.

Wechsler, B. 1992. Stereotypies and attentiveness to novel stimuli: a test in polar bears. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 33:381-388.

Winhall, W. 1998. Polar Bear Enrichment at Wild Arctic. The Shape of Enrichment. 7(2):5-6

Bats

蝙蝠

Atkinson, K. 1994. Fruit Stringer for Bats. The Shape of Enrichment. 3(2):10 Chag. M. 1996. Give Your Bats Grenades. The Shape of Enrichment. 5(4):1-2 Illig, M. 1993. Bat Bits. The Shape of Enrichment. 2(1):7

LeBlanc, D. 1999. Bat Enrichment Guidelines. Enrichment Notebook 2"d Ed. AAZK Enrichment Committee, American Association of Zoo Keepers,Inc., Topeka, Kansas.

LeBlanc, D. 1997. Gift of Flowers to a Bevy of Megabats. The Shape of Enrichment 6(4):10-11

LeBlanc, D., Field, A., and Roberts, J. 1992. Encouraging Folivory in Flying Foxes. The Shape of Enrichment. 2(4):12

LeBlanc, D. 2000. Gravity Feeders for Old World Fruit Bats. The Shape of Enrichment. 9(3):11

LeBlanc, D. 2000. Landing Platforms for Flying Foxes. The Shape of Enrichment. 9(3):12

LeBlanc, D. 2001. A Browse Tube for Plant-Visiting Bats. The Shape of Enrichment 10(3):10

LeBlanc, D. 2001. Creating a Complex Captive Environment for Fruit Bats. The Shape of Enrichment. 10(2):8-9

Pope, B., Kirkpartick, M., and leBlanc, D. 1997. Fruit Bats, Sticks, Flight and Non-food Enrichment. The Shape of Enrichment. 6(3):3

Pope, B. 1998. Insectivory as an enrichment option with the Rodrigues fruit bat (Pteropus rodricensis). In: Hare, V.J., and Worley, E. eds. Proceedings of the 3rd International

674

Conference on Environmental Enrichment. San Diego: The Shape of Enrichment. pp. 383-385.

Porter, B. 1993. The Spinning Rake: Stimulating Foraging Behavior in Bats. The Shape of Enrichment.2(4):15

Seyjagat, J. 1994. Principal aspects of enclosure design for flying foxes. American Zoo and Aquarium Association Regional Conference Proceedings. Oklahoma City, OK.

Stevens, B., LeBlanc, D., Gutman, R., Kirkpatrick, N., Chag, M., and Millwood, A. 1996. The nose knows: olfactory enrichment for fruit bats. The Shape of Enrichment. 5(2):4-5

Birds

鸟类

Bohm, C. 1997. How to make birds be birds. In: Holst, B. ed. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. Frederiksberg: Copenhagen Zoo. pp. 72-83.

Bruce, D. 1992. Habitat Enrichment for Two Species of Pheasants. The Shape of Enrichment. 1 (2):8-9

Burr, L. 1997. Raptor Enrichment at Jacksonville Zoological Gardens. The Shape of Enrichment. 6(4):6

Cipreste, C. 2002. Meat Snake: Enriching Captive Environments for Birds of prey. The Shape of Enrichment. 11(3):11-12.

Dawkins, M. 1977. Do hens suffer in battery cages? Environmental preferences and welfare. Animal Behavior. 25:1034-1046.

Esterbrook-Merner, S. 1992. Walking the Condor. The Shape of Enrichment. 1 (1):4.

Evans, C.S., Macedonia, J.M., and Marler, P. 1993. Effects of apparent size and speed on the response of chickens, Gallus gallus, to computer-generated simulations of aerial predators. Animal Behaviour.46(1):1-11.

Gerencser, J. 1998. Enrichment Ideas for Cranes. The Shape of Enrichment. 7 (2):10

Guidry, M. 1996. Sticks, Stones, and Streams for Waterfowl. The Shape of Enrichment. 5(3):10

Gunn, D. and Morton, D.B. 1995. Rabbits. AWIC Resource Series No. 2 - Environmental Enrichment Information Resources for Laboratory Animals 1995, Birds, Cats, Dogs, Farm Animals, Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents. 2:127-132.

Hughes, B.O. and Duncan, I.J.H. 1972. The influence of strain and environmental factors upon feather pecking and cannibalism in fowls. British Poultry Science. 13:525-547.

Inglis, I.R. and Fergusson, N.J.K. 1996. Starlings search for food rather than eat freely-available, identical food. Animal Behaviour. 36:1696-1707.

Jennier, J. 1995. Raptors in enrichment options. Animal Keepers' Forum. 22(10):424.

675

Jones, R.B. 1982. Effects of early environmental enrichment upon open-field behavior and timidity in the domestic chick. Developmental Psychobiology. 15:105-111.

Jones, R.B., and Waddington, D. 1992. Modification of fear in domestic chicks, Gallus gallus domesticus, via regular handling and early environmental enrichment. Animal Behaviour, 43: 1021-1033.

King, C.E. 1993. Environmental enrichment: is it for the birds? Zoo Biology. 12(6):509-512.

Lisborg, L. and Vestergaard, K.S. 1997. Preventive effect of a new rearing method on feather pecking in pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). In: Holst, B. ed. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. Frederiksberg: Copenhagen Zoo. pp. 188-194.

Mason, A. 1995. Fowl Play at Edinburgh Zoo. The Shape of Enrichment. 4(2):1-2.

McCowan, M. 2002. Rain for Raptors. The Shape of Enrichment. 11(1):4-6.

McQuoid, L.M., Galef Jr., B.G. 1993. Social stimuli influencing feeding behaviour of Burmese fowl: video analysis. Animal Behaviour. 46(1):13-22.

Negro, J.J., Bustamante, J., Milward, J., and Bird, D.M. 1996. Captive fledgling American kestrels prefer to play with objects resembling natural prey. Animal Behaviour, 52(4): 707-714.

Neistadt, N., and Alia, C. 1994. Sea Bird Enrichment at the Oregon Coast Aquarium. The Shape of Enrichment. 3 (3):1-2.

Nicol, C.J. 1992. Effects of environmental enrichment and gentle handling on behaviour and fear responses of transported broilers. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 33:367-380.

O'Leary, D., Chepko-Sade, B. D., and Fox, T. 1996. Go Fish: Opportunities for Roseate Spoonbills. The Shape of Enrichment. 5 (4):8-9.

Peck, S. et al. 1997. Raptors in enrichment options. Animal Keepers' Forum. 24(5).

Poulsen, E. 1994. Think Like a Bird: A Practical Guide to Enrichment. The Shape of Enrichment. 3 (1):3-5.

Reed, H.J., Wilkins, L.J., Austin, S.D., and Gregory, N.G. 1993. The effect of environmental enrichment during rearing on fear reactions and depopulation trauma in adult caged hens. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 36: 39-46.

Sandos, A. 1998. Enrichment for Bird Brains. The Shape of Enrichment. 7 (2):3-4.

Sandos, A. C. 1999. Bird Enrichment Takes Flight. The Shape of Enrichment. 8 (4):1-3.

Sanotra, G.S., Vestergaard, K.S., Agger, J.F. and Lawson, L.G. 1995. The relative preferences for feathers, straw, wood-shavings and sand for dustbathing, pecking and scratching in domestic chicks. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 43:263-277.

Stevens, E.F. and Pickett, C. 1994. Managing the social environments of flamingos for reproductive success. Zoo Biology. 13(5):501-508.

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Tardona, J. H., and Tardona, D. R. 1998. Environmental Enrichment for Captive Raptors in Training. In: Hare, V. J., and Worley, E. eds. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. San Diego: The Shape of Enrichment. pp. 76-90.

Van Liere, D.W. 1992. The significance of fowl's dustbathing in dust. Animal Welfare. 1:187-202. vanHoek, C. and King, C. 1997. Causation and influence of environmental enrichment on feather picking of the crimson-bellied conure (Purrhura perlata perlata). Zoo Biology. 16(2):161-172.

Vestergaard, K.S., Kruijt, J.P., and Hogan, J.A. 1993. Feather pecking and chronic fear in groups of red junglefowl: their relations to dustbathing, rearing environment and social status. Animal Behaviour.45(6):1127-1140.

Walsh, H. 1996. Enrichment for psittacines. Animal Keepers' Forum. 23(12):631.

Willms, E. 1997. Enriching Individual Birds in a Multi-Species Exhibit. The Shape of Enrichment.6(1):13.

Canids

犬科动物

Bebak, B. and Beck, A.M. 1993. The effect of cage size on play and aggression between dogs in purpose-bred Beagles. Laboratory Animal Science. 43(5):457-459.

Carlstead, K. 1991. Husbandry of the Fennec fox (Fennecus zerda) environmental conditions influencing stereotypic behavior. International Zoo Yearbook. 30:202-207.

Dow, S.M. 1987. Environmental enrichment for captive primates and foxes. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 18:383-384.

Gewalt, W. 1992. Run-and-fun-lift: behavioural enrichment for cape hunting dogs (Lycaon pictus) at Duisburg Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook. 31:237-239.

Gunn, D. and Morton, D.B. 1995. Rabbits. AWIC Resource Series No. 2 - Environmental Enrichment Information Resources for Laboratory Animals 1995, Birds, Cats, Dogs, Farm Animals, Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents. 2:127-132.

Holmes, R. 1993. Environmental enrichment for confined dogs and cats. The T.G. HungerfordRefresher Course for Veterinarians Proceedings. The Post Graduate Committee in Veterinary Science: University of Sydney. pp. 191-197.

Hubrecht, R.C. 1993. A comparison of social and environmental enrichment: methods for laboratory housed dogs. Applied Animal Behavior Science. 37:345-361.

Hubrecht, R.C. 1995. Dogs and dog housing. AWIC Resource Series No. 2 - Environmental Enrichment Information Resources for Laboratory Animals 1995, Birds, Cats, Dogs, Farm Animals, Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents. 2:43-47.

Hubrecht, R.C. 1995. Enrichment in puppyhood and its effect on later behavior of dogs. Laboratory Animal Science. 45:70-75.

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Hubrecht, R.C., Serpall, J.A., and Pool, T. 1992. Correlates of pen size and housing conditions on the behaviour of kenneled dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 34:365-383.

Kerdal, Z.A. and Decoux, J.-P. 1997. Please don't enrich fennec fox environment! In: Holst, B. ed. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. Frederiksberg : Copenhagen Zoo. pp. 323-324.

Kreeger, T.J., Pereira, D.L., Callahan, M., and Beckel, M. 1996. Activity patterns of Gray Wolves housed in small vs. large enclosures. Zoo Biology. 15(4):395-402.

Loveridge, G. 1994. Provision of environmentally enriched housing for dogs. Animal Technology. 45(1):1-19.

Trussell, B.A., King, J., and Smith, D. 1999. Application of environmental enrichment routines to regulatory toxicology studies in the Beagle dog. Animal Technology. 50:131-133.

Weagle, K. and Smeeton, C. 1997. Behavioural aspects of the swift fox (Vulpes velox) reintroduction program. In: Holst, B. ed. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. Frederiksberg : Copenhagen Zoo. pp. 268-288.

Wildenm I. 1997. Peculiarities in the social behaviour of African wild dogs (Lycaonpictus) and consequences for the management. In: Holst, B. ed. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. Frederiksberg : Copenhagen Zoo. pp. 260-267.

Elephants

大象

Bollen, K. 1997. Behavioral Enrichment for Captive Elephants. JEMA. 8(1):51-53. Chevalier-Skolnikoff, S. and Liska, J. 1993. Tool use by wild and captive elephants. Animal Behaviour.46(2):209-219.

Coe, J. 1995. TOYS-R-US. Journal of the Elephant Managers Association. 6(1):54-55.

Gilbert, J. 1994. Elephant feeder balls. The Shape of Enrichment. 3(4):3-5.

Gilbert, J. and Hare, V. 1994. Elephant feeder balls. The Shape of Enrichment. 3 (4):5-6.

Green, C. 1993. Enriching and Elephant's Environment. The Shape of Enrichment. 2 (1):5-6.

Green, C. 1994. Enriching an Elephant's Environment. Animal Keepers' Forum. 21(3):94-95.

Haight, J. 1993. Playing with Their Food: Ideas for Elephants. The Shape of Enrichment. 2(2):9.

Haight, J. 1993. Reverse Perspective: Basic Elephant Management or Enrichment? The Shape of Enrichment. 2(4):5-6.

Hershberger. 1995. Behavioral Enrichment: Ho-Hum. Journal of the Elephant Managers Association. 6(3):46-47.

Joyce, J. 1995. Tree and Tire Swing. Journal of the Elephant Managers Association. 6(3):46-47.

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Karapanou, E. (in press). Environmental and social enrichment in a captive zoo system: Effects on the behavior of African elephants.

Landucci, G., Dobrzelecki, L., and Keefe, K. 1999. Painting as Enrichment for Cheyenne Mountain Zoo's 0.1 Protected Contact African Elephant. Animal Keepers' Forum. 26(10):400-404.

Landucci, G., Dobrzelecki, L., and Keefe, K. 1999. Painting as enrichment for Cheyenne Mountain Zoo's 0.1 protected contact African elephant. Journal of the Elephant Managers Association. 10(3).

Melo, L. 1999. Auditory Enrichment for Asian Elephants. The Shape of Enrichment. 8 (2):1-4.

Morris, E. and Lynas, T. 1998. Elephant log apparatus. In: Enrichment Options, Animal Keepers' Forum. 25(1):392-393.

Penrose, A. 1999. Easter Goes to the Elephants at Wildlife Safari. In: Enrichment Options, Animal Keepers' Forum. 26(8):316-317.

Placek, R. 1996. Elephants. In: Enrichment Options, Animnal Keepers' Forum. 23(7):406-407.

Redmond, I. 1993. Status and environmental enrichment for captive elephants. In: Spooner, N.G. and Whitear, J.A., Proceedings of the Seventh U.K. Elephant Husbandry Workshop. North of England Zoological Society, Southampton: Enviro-Print, 71-100.

Schanberger, A., Carlson, T., and Brown, J. 1992. Enrichment Techniques for Elephants. Animal Keepers' Forum. 19(7):236-239.

Schwammer, H. M. and Karapanou, E. 1998. Promoting Functional Behaviours in Confined African Elephants (Loxodonta africana) by Increasing the Physical Complexity of Their Environment. In: Hare, V. J., and Worley, E. eds. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. San Diego: The Shape of Enrichment. pp. 92-100.

Sevenich, M., Upchurch, B., and Mellen, J. 1998. The Science of Animal Management: Evaluating the Effects of Training and Enrichment on Elephant Behavior. Journal of Elephant Managers Association. 9(3):201-205.

Simonet, P. 1998. Environmental Enrichment of Two Asian Elephants. In: Hare, V. J., and Worley, E. eds. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. San Diego: The Shape of Enrichment. pp. 101-107.

VanLierop, M. 2001. Bide Your time Lammie: Enrichment for a Lone Elephant. The Shape of Enrichment. 10(4):1-3

Wallace, K. 1995. The Bath as Enrichment. Journal of the Elephant Managers Association. 6(2):42.

Felids

猫科动物

679

Baker Jr., W.K., Cambell, R., and Gilbert, J. 1997. Enriching the Pride: Scents that Make Sense. The Shape of Enrichment. 6(1):1-3.

Bnashaw, M. 2001. Effects of a Live Prey Equivalent on the Behavior of Large Cats. The Shape of Enrichment. 10(3):6-9

Bond, J. and Lindburg, D. 1990. Carcass feeding program of captive cheetahs (Acinonyxjubatus): The effects of a naturalistic feeding program on oral health and psychological well-being. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 26:373-382.

Bush, M. 1998. Teepee Feeders for Small Cats. The Shape of Enrichment. 7 (1):6. Calcagno, E. 2001. A Different Kind of Zebra. The Shape of Enrichment. 10(2):6.

Carlstead, K. 1992. Stress, stereotypic pacing and environmental enrichment in leopard cats (Felis bengalensis). AAZPA/CAZPA Annual Conference Proceedings. pp. 104-111.

Carlstead, K., Brown, J., and Seidensticker, J. 1993. Behavioral and adrenocortical responses to environmental changes in leopard cats (Felis bengalensis). Zoo Biology. 12(4):321-331.

De Monte, M. and Le Pape, G. 1997. Behavioural effects of cage enrichment in single-caged adult cats. Animal Welfare. 6:53-66.

Duncan, A.E. 1994. Lions, tigers, and bears: The road to enrichment. In: Proceedings of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, Pittsburgh, PA. pp. 270-277.

Fuentes, E. 2001. Heavy Prey: Promoting Dragging Behavior in Large Cats. The Shape of Enrichment. 12(1):1-3.

Gunn, D. and Morton, D.B. 1995. Rabbits. AWIC Resource Series No. 2 - Environmental Enrichment Information Resources for Laboratory Animals 1995, Birds, Cats, Dogs, Farm Animals, Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents. 2:127-132.

Hare, V. J., and Jarand, P. 1998. Artificial Prey that Fights Back (and Other Tales of Tiger Enrichment. The Shape of Enrichment. 7 (3): 1-4.

Hartmann, M. 1998. A Behaviour-Specific Feeding Technique for European Wildcats (Felis s. silvestris) . In: Hare, V.J., and Worley, E. eds. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. San Diego: The Shape of Enrichment. pp 182-190.

Hartmann, M. and Schiess, M. 1997. Ropes as climbing structures for clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa GRIFFITH 1821). In: Holst, B. ed. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. Frederiksberg : Copenhagen Zoo. pp. 62-71.

Hawthorne, A.J., Loveridge, G.G., and Horrocks, L.J. 1997. The behaviour of domestic cats in response to a variety of surface-textures. In: Holst, B. ed. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. Frederiksberg: Copenhagen Zoo. pp. 84-94.

Holmes, R. 1993. Environmental enrichment for confined dogs and cats. The T.G. Hungerford Refresher Course for Veterinarians Proceedings. The Post Graduate Committee in Veterinary Science: University of Sydney. pp. 191-197.

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Jenny, J., and Hartmann, M. 1998. A Multifunctional Lair for Tigers. The Shape of Enrichment. 7 (4):7-8.

Knapik, D. 1995. Environmental Enrichment for Felines. The Shape of Enrichment. 4 (1):6.

Konrad, K.W. and Bagshaw, M. 1970. Effect of novel stimuli on cats reared in a restricted environment. Journal of Comp. and Physiol. Psychol. 70(1):157-164.

Law, G., Boyle, H., Johnston, J., Macdonald, A. 1990. Food Presentation, part 2: cats.RATEL. 17(4):103-106.

Law, G. 1993. Cats: Enrichment in Every Sense. The Shape of Enrichment. 2(1):3-4.

Levi, A. 2003. Fruits for Felines: Enrichment for Small Cats. The Shape of Enrichment. 12(1):13

Lewis, C. 1992. Cat Nips. The Shape of Enrichment. 1 (2):1-2.

Lindburg, D.G. Improving the feeding of captive felines through the application of field data. Zoo Biology.7:211-218.

Lindburg, D.G. and Millard, S.E. 1997. Behavioral issues in reproductive management of cheetahs, with implications for the giant panda. In: Holst, B. ed. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. Frederiksberg : Copenhagen Zoo. pp. 251-259.

Loveridge, G. 1994. Provision of environmentally enriched housing for cats. Animal Technology.45(2):69-87.

Loveridge, G.G., Horrocks, L.J., Hawthorne, A.J. 1995. Environmentally enriched housing for cats when housed singly. Animal Welfare. 4:135-141.

Lyons, J., Young, R.J., and Deag, J.M. 1997. The effects of physical characteristics of the environment and feeding regime on the behavior of captive felids. Zoo Biology. 16(1):71-84.

Mansard, P. 1989. Some environmental considerations for small cats. RATEL. 16(1):12-15.

Markowitz, H., Aday, C., and Gavazzi, A. 1995. Effectiveness of acoustic "prey": Environmental enrichment for a captive African leopard (Panthera pardus). Zoo Biology. 14(4):371-379.

Markowitz, H. and LaForse, S. 1987. Artificial prey as behavioral enrichment devices for felines. Applied Animal Behavior Science. 18:31-43.

McCune, S. 1995. Environmental enrichment for the laboratory cat. In: AC/UFAW Bibliography of Environmental Enrichment Techniques for Laboratory Animals. Animal Welfare Information Centre/Universities Federation for Animal Welfare: Potters Bar. In press.

McCune, S. 1997. Enriching the environment of the laboratory cat - a review. In: Holst, B. ed. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. Frederiksberg : Copenhagen Zoo. pp. 103-117.

681

Mellen, J.D, 1991. Factors influencing reproductive success in small captive exotic felids (Felis sp.). Zoo Biology. 10:95-110.

Mellen, J.D. 1992. Effects of early rearing experience on subsequent adult sexual behavior using domestic cats (Felis catus) as a model for exotic small felids. Zoo Biology. 11(1):17-32.

Mellen, J. D. and Shepherdson, D. J. 1997. Environmental and welfare for felids: an integrated approach. International Zoo Yearbook. 35: 191-197.

Mellen, J. D., Hayes, M. P., and Shepherdson, D. J. 1998. Captive Environments for Small Felids. In: Shepherdson, D.J., Mellen, J.D., and Hutchins, M. eds. Second Nature: Environmental Enrichment for Captive Animals. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 184-201.

Mench, E., Shepherdson, D., Lewis, C., Prewett, P., and Rorman, J. 1993. Large cat enrichment: Providing Foraging opportunities for captive jaguars. Poster presentation at the First International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. Portland, OR

Michel, K. 1994. A New Habitat for Cats. The Shape of Enrichment. 3(2):11-12.

Natioli, E. 1985. Behavioural responses of urban feral cats to different types of urine marks. Behaviour. 94:234-243.

Noonan, B. 1999. Enrichment for African Lions. The Shape of Enrichment. 8 (2):6-7.

Pearson, J. 2002. On A Roll: Novel Objects and Scent Enrichment for Asiatic Lions. The Shape of Enrichment. 11(3):7-10.

Poulse, E., and Miller, L. 1996. Got a Tiger by the Tug. The Shape of Enrichment. 5 (3):1-2.

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Gunn, D. and Morton, D.B. 1995. Rabbits. AWIC Resource Series No. 2 - Environmental Enrichment Information Resources for Laboratory Animals 1995, Birds, Cats, Dogs, Farm Animals, Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents. 2:127-132.

Hadley, K. 2000. Scent Preferences of Southern White Rhinos. The Shape of Enrichment. 9(4):1-3.

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LeGaux, A. 1996. Hog Heaven: Enrichment Challenges in the Children's Zoo. The Shape of Enrichment.5 (4):7

Mahler, A.E. 1984. Activity Budgets and Use of Exhibit Space by South American Tapir (Tapirus terrestris) in a Zoological Setting. Zoo Biology. 3:35-46.

Morrow-Tesch, J. 1997. Effects of environmental enrichment on group-housed dairy calves. In: Holst, B. ed. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. Frederiksberg: Copenhagen Zoo. pp. 299-308.

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Terlouw, E.M.C., Wiersma, A., Lawrence, A.B., and Macleod, H.A. 1993. Ingestion of food facilitates the performance of stereotypies in sows. Animal Behaviour. 46(5):939-950.

Widowski, T.M. and Curtis, S.E. 1990. The influence of straw, cloth tassel, or both on the prepartum behaviour of sows. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 27:53-71.

Winskill, L.C., Waran, N.K., and Young, R.J. 1996. The effect of a foraging device (a modified "Edinburgh foodball") on the behaviour of the stabled horse. Applied Animal Behavioural Science.48:25-35.

Wood-Gush, D.G.M. and Vestergaard, K. 1993. Inquisitive exploration in pigs. Animal Behavior. 45:185187.

Young, R.J., Carruthers, J, and Lawrence, A.B. 1994. The effect of a foraging device (The "Edinburgh Football") on the behaviour of pigs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 39:237-247.

Young, R.J., MacLeod, H.A., and Lawerence, A.B. 1994. Effect of manipulandum design on operant responding in pigs. Animal Behaviour. 47:1488-1490.

Marine Mammals

海洋哺乳动物

Cowan, K. 2001. Otter Forage Pipe. The Shape of Enrichment. 9(2):9-10.

DeMarco, J. 1998. Bottlenose Dolphin Enrichment in an Interactive Feeding Pool. The Shape of Enrichment. 7 (4):9-10

Dover, S., Fish, L., Turner, T., and Kelley, A. 1994. Husbandry training as a technique for behavioral enrichment in marine mammals. In: Proceedings of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians,Pittsburgh, PA. pp. 284.

Gabbert, A. 1999. An "Otterly" Enriching Environment. The Shape of Enrichment. 8(2):12

Kastelein, R.A. and Wiepkema, P.R. 1988. The significance of training for the behaviour of Stellar sea lions (Eumetopias jubata). Aquatic Mammals. 14(1):39-41.

Kastelein, R.A. and Wiepkema, P.R. 1989. A digging trough as occupational therapy for Pacific walruses in human care. Aquatic Mammals. 15:6-8.

Kershaw, J. 1996. Marine Mammal Training for Husbandry and Behavioural Enrichment.

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Lemus, B. 1993. Marine Mammal Enrichment at the Oregon Coast Aquarium. The Shape of Enrichment.2 (2):1-2.

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Markowitz, H. 1990. Environmental opportunities and health care. In: Dierauf, L., ed. Handbook of Marine Mammal Medicine: Health, Disease, and Rehabilitation. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 483-488.

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Morris, D. 1960. Automatic seal feeding apparatus at London Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook. 2:70.

Neistadt, N. 1995. Otter Choices of Enrichment. The Shape of Enrichment. 4(4):1-2

Partridge, J. 1992. Environmental Enrichment for South American Fur Seals. The Shape of Enrichment 1(1):4.

Sustman, J., and Saffer, S. 1997. Wonders for Walruses. The Shape of Enrichment. 6(1):16.

Tinkous, N., Whiteley, A. and Chepko-Sade, B.D. 1998. A Good Day's Fishing for River Otters. The Shape of Enrichment. 7(1):7-8.

Wassel, K. 1996. Enriching Seals: Those Other Marine Mammals. The Shape of Enrichment. 5 (2):7-9.

Weiner, J., Dye, G., Dicosola, G., Ferris, A., Komor, W., McGee, J., Peck, S., Stacey, R., Sullivan, T., and Sustman, J. 1999. The Environmental Enrichment Program at Brookfield Zoo's Seven Seas. The Shape of Enrichment. 8 (3):7-8.

Williamson, K., and Scarpuzzi, M. 1993. At Sea World. Pleasure is the key to enrichment. The Shape of Enrichment. 2(4):13-14.

Winhall, W. 1994. Walrus enrichment through husbandry training. The Shape of Enrichment. 3(3):9-11.

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Primates

灵长类动物

Abels, J. 1998. Enrichment Options: Primates. Animal Keepers' Forum. 25(4):12-15.

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Anderson, J.R., Rortais, A., and Guillemein, S. 1994. Diving and underwater as enrichment activities for captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Animal Welfare. 3:275-283.

Anderson, J.R. and Visalberghi, E. 1990. Primate psychological well-being: A comparative approach to environmental enrichment for captive primates. Proceedings of the Society for Veterinary Ethology. Montecatini terme, Pistoia, Italy. pp. 59-61.

Appley, D.M., Knoblock, S.L., Luzzi, M.A., McFarland, M.L., Rakowski, T., and Streett, J.W. 1997. A systematic approach to implementation of an enrichment program for primates. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science. 36(4):69 (Abstract).

Aruguete, M.S., Lyons, D.M., Mason, W.A., and Mendoza, S.P. 1998. Reactions of adult and immature Squirrel monkeys to intergroup exposure. Zoo Biology. 17(6):519-524.

Baker, K.C. 1997. Human interaction as enrichment for captive chimpanzees: A preliminary report. American Journal of Primatology. 42:92 (Abstract).

Baker, K.C. 1997. Straw and forage material ameliorate abnormal behaviors in adult chimpanzees. Zoo Biology. 16(3):225-236.

Baker, M. 1992. "Fur washing" among capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus): evidence for use of medicinal plants. American Journal of Primatology. 27:14.

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Barnett, C. 1997. A gravity roulette feeder for chimpanzees. The Shape of Enrichment. 6(2):11.

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Bayne, K. 1990. Environmental enrichment for primates. In: NIH, ed. Animal Care and Use: Policy Issues in the 1990s Office of Animal Care and Use. National Institutes of Health: Bethesda. pp. 37-42.

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Bayne, K. and Dexter, S. 1992. Environmental enrichment for research chimpanzees. In: Erwin, J. and Landon, J.C., eds. Chimpanzee Conservation and Public Health: Environments for the Future. Diagnon/Bioqual: Rockville. pp. 147-153.

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Bayne, K. and Dexter, S. 1992. Removing an environmental enrichment device can result in a rebound of abnormal behavior in rhesus monkeys. American Journal of Primatology. 27:15 (Abstract).

Bayne, K., Dexter, S., and Suomi, S. 1991. Social housing ameliorates behavioral pathology in (Cebus apella). Laboratory Primate Newsletter. 30(2):9-12.

Bayne, K., Mainzer, H., Dexter, S., Campbell, G., Yamada, F., and Suomi, S. 1991. The reduction of abnormal behaviors in individually housed rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with a foraging/grooming board. American Journal of Primatology. 23:23-25.

Bayne, K.A.L., Dexter, S.L., Hurst, J.K., Strange, G.M., and Hill, E.E. 1993. Kong toys for laboratory primates: are they an enrichment or just fomite? Laboratory Animal Science. 43:78-85.

Bayne, K.A.L., Dexter, S., Mainzer, H., McCully, C., Campbell, G., and Yamada, F. 1992. The use of artificial turf as a foraging substrate for individually housed rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Animal Welfare. 1:39-53.

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Bayne, K.A.L. and McCully, C. 1989. The effect of cage size on the behavior of individually housed rhesus monkeys. Lab Animal. 18(7):25-28.

Beckley, S.A. and Novak, M.A. 1989. Examination of various foraging components and their suitability as enrichment tools for captively housed primates. American Journal of Primatology Supplement. 1:37-43.

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Belik, M. Brent, L. 1995. The effect of toys as enrichment on the behavior of group-housed baboons. Paper at the Southwestern Psychological Association, 41st Annual Convention. San Antonio, Texas.

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Bellanca, R.U., Crockett, C.M., Johnson-Delaney, C., DeMers, S.M., and Eiffert, K. 1998. Catering to caterrhines: Food enrichment at the University of Washington's Regional Primate Center. American Journal of Primatology. 45:167-168.

Bercovitch, F. and Kessler, M.J. 1993. Primate facilities and environmental enrichment: An ecological and evolutionary perspective. Humane Innovations and Alternatives in Animal Experimentation. 7:435-439.

Bercovitch, F.B., Tena-Betancourt, E., Kessler, M.J., and Lebron, M.R. 1990. A multi-functional environmental enrichment device for primate enclosures. Laboratory Primate Newsletter. 29(1):16-17.

Berkson, G. and Mason, W.A. 1964. Stereotyped behaviors of chimpanzees: elation to general arousal activities. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 19:635-652.

Berkson, G., Mason, W.A., and Saxon, S.V. 1963. Situation and stimulus effects on stereotyped behaviors of chimpanzees. Journal of Comparative Physiology and Psychology. 56:789-792.

Berstein, I.S. 1991. Social housing of monkeys and apes: group formations. Laboratory Animal Science. 41(4).

Bielitzki, J.T. 1992. Letter to the editor: Enrichment hazards. Laboratory Primate Newsletter. 31(3):36.

Birke, L. 1988. Better homes for laboratory animals. New Scientist. 1641:49-55.

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Bloomsmith, M.A. 1989. Feeding enrichment for captive great apes. In: Segal, E. ed.Housing, Care and Psychological Well-Being of Captive and Laboratory Primates. New Jersey: Noyes Publishing. pp. 337-356.

Bloomsmith, M.A. 1992. Environmental enrichment research in a chimpanzee laboratory: Relevance to the ChimpanZoo program. ChimpanZoo Conference Proceedings. pp. 49-54.

Bloomsmith, M.A., Alford, P.L., Maple, T.L. 1988. Successful feeding enrichment for captive chimpanzees. American Journal of Primatology. 16:155-164.

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Bloomsmith, M.A., Finlay, T.W., Merhalski, J., and Maple, T.L. 1990. Rigid plastic balls as enrichment for captive chimpanzees. Laboratory Animal Science. 40:319-322.

Bloomsmith, M.A., Keeling, M.E., and Lambeth, S.P. 1990. Videotapes: environmental enrichment for singly housed chimpanzees. Laboratory Animal. 19(1):42-46.

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Bloomsmith, M.A. and Lambeth, S.P. 1995. Effects of Predictable versus unpredictable feeding schedules on chimpanzee behavior. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 44:65-74.

Bloomsmith, M.A., Lambeth, S.P., Laule, G.E., and Thurston, R.H. 1993. Training as environmental enrichment for chimpanzees. American Journal of Primatology. 30:29 (Abstract).

Bloomsmith, M.A., Lambeth, S.P., Perlamn, J.E., Hook, M.A., and Schapiro, S.J. 2000. Control over videotape enrichment for socially housed chimpanzees. American Journal of Primatology. 51:44-45 (Abstract).

Bloomsmith, M.A., Ross, S.K., and Baker, K.C. 2000. Control over computer-assisted enrichment for socially housed chimpanzees. American Journal of Primatology. 51:45.

Bloomsmith, M.A., Stone, A.M., and Laule, G.E. 1998. Positive reinforcement training to enhance the voluntary movement of group-housed chimpanzees within their enclosures. Zoo Biology. 17(4):333-342.

Bloomstrand, K.R., Riddle, K.A., and Maple, T.L. 1986. Objective evaluation of a behavioral enrichment device for captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Zoo Biology. 5:293-300.

Bloomstrand, M.A. and Young, S.P. 1988. The use of videotapes as enrichment for singly housed chimpanzees. American Journal of Primatology. 14:411.

Blount, J.D. 1997. Pond-dipping and a "brunch" of flowers: Enrichment for Sulawesi crested macaques at Newquay Zoo. RATEL. 24(4):135-137.

Boccia, M.L. 1989. Preliminary report on the use of a natural foraging task to reduce aggression and stereotypies in socially housed pig-tailed macaques. Laboratory Primate Newsletter. 28(1):3-4.

Boccia, M.L., Jacinta, C., and Glander, K.E. 1996. Enrichment strategies with non-human primates: You don't always get what you want. XVIth Congress of the International Primatological Society/XIXth Conference of the American Society of Primatologists. Madison. Abstract No. 763.

Bodamer, M.D. 1990. The use of raisin tubes as an enrichment device. American Journal of Primatology.20:175.

Bodamer, M.D., Goodall, J., and Fouts, R.S. 1990. Implementation of a daily enrichment program for adult chimpanzees at a large primate facility. American Journal of Primatology. 20:176.

Boinski, S., Noon, C., Stans, S., Samudio, R., Sammarco, P., and Hayes, A. 1994. The behavioral profile and environmental enrichment of a squirrel monkey colony. Laboratory Primate Newsletter. 33(4):1-4.

Boinski, S., Swing, S.P., Gross, T.S., and Davis, J.K. 1999. Environmental enrichment of brown capuchins (Cebus apella): Behavioral and plasma and fecal cortisol measures of effectiveness. American Journal of Primatology. 48:49-68.

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Bollen, K. 1995. Primate enrichment. Animal Keepers' Forum. 22:162.

Bollen, K. 1997. Enrichment for Primates at the Burnet Park Zoo. The Shape of Enrichment. 6 (1):7-9.

Borman, R., Gratton-Fabbri, L., and Fritz, J. 1999. "Peanut butter bombs": An enrichment device for captive chimpanzees. The Newsletter. The Primate Foundation of Arizona. 3(2):1-2.

Box, H.O. and Smith, P. 1995. Age and gender differences in response to food enrichment in family groups of captive marmosets (Callithrix callithrichidae). Animal Technology. 46:11-18.

Boyd, H. 1998. What is enrichment? From the forest. Duke University Primate Center Newsletter. Nov. 1998:1.

Boysen, S. and Frisch, D. 1987. Extractive tool use in captive lowland gorillas. American Journal of Primatology. 12:332.

Bramblett, C.A. 1989. Enrichment options for guenons in the laboratory. American Journal of Primatology Supplement. 1:59-63.

Brent, L. 1992. Woodchip bedding as enrichment for captive chimpanzees in an outdoor enclosure. Animal Welfare. 1:161-170.

Brent, L. 1995. Feeding enrichment and body weight in captive chimpanzees. Journal of Medical Primatology. 24:12-16.

Brent, L. and Belik, M. 1997. The response of group-housed baboons to three enrichment toys. Laboratory Animals. 31:81-85.

Brent, L., Daly, A., and Martin, N. 1991. Enrichment ideas from the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research. Primate Foundation of Arizona Newsletter. 2(4):2-3.

Brent, L. and Eichberg, J.W. 1991. Woodchip bedding as enrichment for captive chimpanzees. American Journal of Primatology. 24:91-92.

Brent, L., Lee, D.R., and Eichberg, J.W. 1989a. The effects of single caging on chimpanzee behavior. Laboratory Animal Science. 39(4):345-346.

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Brent, L., Lee, D.R., and Eichberg, J.W. 1989. The effects of single caging on chimpanzee behavior. Laboratory Animal Science. 39(4):345-346.

Brent, L., Lee, D.R., and Eichberg, J.W. 1991. Evaluation of a chimpanzee enrichment enclosure. Journal of Medical Primatology. 20:29-34.

Brent, L., Long, K.E. 1995. The behavioral response of individually caged baboons to feeding enrichment and the standard diet: A preliminary report. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science. 34(2):65-69.

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Brent, L. and Stone, A.M. 1996. Long-term use of television, balls, and mirrors as enrichment for paired and singly caged chimpanzees. American Journal of Primatology. 39:139-145.

Brent, L. and Stone, A.M. 1998. Destructible toys as enrichment for captive chimpanzees. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science. 1:5-14.

Brent, L. and Weaver, D. 1995. The behavioral and physiological response of baboons (Papio hamadryas sp.) to radio music. American Journal of Primatology. 36:114.

Brinkman, C. 1996. Toys for the boys: Environmental enrichment for singly housed adult macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Laboratory Primate Newsletter. 35(2):5-9.

Britt, A. 1992. Environmental enrichment for a captive group of Sulawesi macaques (Macaca nigra). XIVth Congress of the International Primatological Society, Abstracts. Abstract No. 304.

Britt, A. 1992. Problems in evaluation the success of environmental enrichment ideas for captive primates. Primate Eye. 46:9.

Britt, A. 1993. Cage Top Feeding for Primates. The Shape of Enrichment. 2(3):11.

Brockman, D.K., Willis, M.S., and Karesh, W.B. 1987. Management and husbandry of Ruffed Lemurs, Varecia variegata, at the San Diego Zoo. 1. Captive population, San Diego Zoo housing and diet. Zoo Biology. 6(4):341-348.

Bronikowski, E., Beck, B.B., and Power, M. 1989. Innovation, exhibition and conservation: free-ranging tamarins at the National Zoological Park. Proceedings of the AAZPA. Wheeling, W.Va.: AAZPA. pp. 540546.

Brown, D.L., Calcagno, J., Gold, K.C., and Thompson, S. 1995. Effects of environmental enrichment on nonsocial and abnormal behavior of captive lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). American Zoo and Aquarium (AZA) Regional Conference Proceedings. pp. 29-35.

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Burd, L. and Moore, D. 1991. Primate enrichment: Using novel stimuli for behavioral modification in captive gibbons. American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) Regional Conference Proceedings. pp.505-511.

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Butler, B.H. 1996. The Enrichment Challenge: A New Primate Rainforest at Auckland Zoo. The Shape of Enrichment. 5(1):9-10.

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Cardinal, B.R. and Kent, S.J. 1998. Behavioral effects of simple manipulable environmental enrichment on pair-housed juvenile macaques (Macaca nemestrina). Laboratory Primate Newsletter. 37(1):1-3.

Castro, M.I., Beck, B.B., Kleiman, D.G., Ruiz-Miranda, C.R., and Rosenberger, A.L. 1998. Environmental Enrichment in a Reintroduction Program for Golden Lion Tamarins. In: Shepherdson, D.J., Mellen J.D., and Hutchins, M. eds. Second Nature, Environmental Enrichment for Captive Animals. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 113-128.

Catlow, G. and Nicoll, L. 1996. The use of waste plastic piping for devices and cage furniture in primate enclosures at Edinburgh Zoo. RATEL. 23(5):174-177.

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Chamove, A.S., Anderson, J.R., Morgan-Jones, S.C., and Jones, S.P. 1982. Deep wood litter: hygiene, feeding, behavioral enhancement in 8 primate species. International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems. 3:308-318.

Chamove, A.S. and Moodie, E.M. 1990. Are alarming events good for captive monkeys? Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 27:169-176.

Champoux, M., DiGregorio, G., Schneider, M.L., and Suomi, S.J. 1990. Inanimate environmental enrichment for group-housed rhesus macaque infants. American Journal of Primatology. 22:61-67.

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Segerson, L. 1995. Enrichment Options: Chimpanzees. Animal Keepers' Forum. 22(8):328.

Seyfried, A. 1995. Volunteer dimension primate enrichment. American Zoo and Aquarium (AZA) Regional Conference Proceedings. pp. 148-150.

Seymour, S. and Shepherdson, D. 1991. Puzzle feeder for orangutans. Environmental Enrichment Report No. 2. Potters Bar: UFAW.

Shefferly, N., Fritz, J., and Howell, S. 1993. Toys as environmental enrichment for captive juvenile chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Laboratory Primate Newsletter. 32(2):7-9.

Shepherdson, D. 1988. The application and evaluation of behavioural enrichment in zoos. Primate Report.22:35-42.

Shepherdson, D., Carman, M., Bemment, N., and Reynolds, S. 1989. Auditory enrichment for Lar gibbons, Hylobates lar, at London Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook. 28:256-260.

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Shepherdson, D., Gilloux, I., and Gurnell, J. 1991. Puzzle feeder for great apes. Environmental Enrichment Report No. 4. Potters Bar: Universities Federation for Animal Welfare.

Shepherdson, D.J., Bemment, N., Carman, M., and Reynolds, S. 1989. Auditory enrichment for Lar gibbons. International Zoo Yearbook. 28:256-260.

Shepherdson, D.J., Carmen, M., and Bemment, N. 1989. Lar gibbon duets. UFAW/ZSL Environmental Enrichment Report No. 2. UFAW: Potters Bar.

Shimoji, M., Bowers, C.L., and Crockett, C.M. 1993. Initial response to introduction of a PVC perch by singly caged Macaca fascicularis. Laboratory Primate Newsletter. 32(4):8-11.

Shumaker, R. 1992. Treat Tubes for Orangutans. The Shape of Enrichment. 1 (1):5.

Smith, A., Lindburg, D.G., and Vehrencamp, S. 1989. Effect of food preparation on feeding behavior of lion-tailed macaques. Zoo Biology. 8(1):57-65.

Snowdon, C. T. 1991. Naturalistic environments and psychological well-being. In: Novak, M. A. & Petto, A. J., eds. Through the Looking Glass: Issues of Psychological Well-Being in Captive Non-Human Primates, Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.

Snowdon, C.T. and Savage, A. 1989. Psychological well-being of captive primates: general considerations and examples from Callitrichids. In: Segal, E.F., ed. Housing, Care and Psychological Wellbeing of Captive and Laboratory Primates. Park Ridge, New Jersey: Noyes Publications. pp. 75-88.

Sokol, K.A. 1993. Commentary: Thinking like a monkey - "primatomorphizing" an environmental enrichment program. Lab Animal. 22(5):40-45.

Spendrup, S. and Larson, H. O. 1998. A comparative study of a group of colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza matschiei) before and after enrichment of their captive environment. In: Hare, V. J., and Worley, E. eds. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. San Diego: The Shape of Enrichment. pp. 219-229.

Stegenga, L. 1993. Modifying spider monkey behavior with the use of environmental variables. The Shape of Enrichment. 2 (3):3-4.

Stephens, S. 1999. Siamangs: Opportunities for Arboreal Feeding. The Shape of Enrichment. 8 (4):16-17.

Stevens, A. 1990. Gorilla husbandry/enrichment at the Dallas Zoo. Proceedings of the Columbus Zoo Gorilla Workshop. A-5, (Abstract).

Storey, P.L., Turner, P.V., and Tremblay, J.L. 2000. Environmental enrichment for rhesus macaques: A cost-effective exercise cage. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science. 39(1):14-16.

Struthers, E.J., Rodriguez, P., Cooper, P., and Rowell, L.L. 1990. Xenospecific enrichment at the Primate Research Institute. Laboratory Primate Newsletter. 29(2):14-15.

Suarez, S., and Forter, L. 1995. Chimp Platforms in Outdoor Enclosures. The Shape of Enrichment.4(4):5-6.

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Suleman, M.A. 1992. Life enrichment for baboons and two East African cercopithecine monkeys in outdoor group cages. XIVth Congress of the International Primatological Society, Abstracts. pp. 297-298.

Taylor, R.L., White, B.L., Ferguson, S.A., and Binienda, Z. 1994. The use of foraging devices for environmental enrichment of individually housed rhesus monkeys in a laboratory colony. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science. 33(6):71-73.

Taylor, W.J. and Laudenslager, M.L. 1998. Low-cost environmental enrichment plan for laboratory macaques. Lab Animal. 27(4):28-31.

Thornhill, A. 1991. Observations on the benefit of environmental enrichment when group housing male squirrel monkeys. Institute of Animal Technology Congress Proceedings. pp. 28.

Toback, E.L. 1993. Incorporating environmental enrichment into behavioral research in captive chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes. ChimpanZoo Conference Proceedings. pp. 41-51.

Toback, E.L. 1993. Incorporating environmental enrichment into behavioral research in captive chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes. ChimpanZoo Conference Proceedings. pp. 41-51.

Tomoser, S. 1993. Mealtime Activity for Lemurs. The Shape of Enrichment. 2(1):8.

Tomoser, S. 1994. Lemur Feeding: It's in the Trees. The Shape of Enrichment. 3(1):11.

Tripp, J. K. 1985. Increasing activity in captive orangutans: Provision of manipulable and edible materials.Zoo Biology. 4:225-234.

Tustin, G.W., Williams, L.E., and Brady, A.G. 1996. Rotational use of recreational cage for the environmental enrichment of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Laboratory Primate Newsletter.35(1):5-7.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Public Health Service, and Primate Information Center. 1992. Environmental enrichment Information Resources for Nonhuman Primates: 1987-1992. Beltsville, MD.: National Agricultural Library, Animal Welfare Information Center.

Van den Nieuwendijk-Ruijs. 2001. Primate Herb Gardens. The Shape of Enrichment. 10(1):12.

Van Hooff, J.A. 1973. The Amhem Zoo chimpanzee consortium: an attempt to create an ecologically and socially acceptable habitat. International Zoo Yearbook. 13:195-203.

Visalberghi, E. and Vitale, A.F. 1990. Coated nuts as an enrichment device to elicit tool use in tufted capuchins (Cebus appella). Zoo Biology. 9(1):65-71.

Wages, J. 1998. Enrichment Options: Primates. Animal Keepers' Forum. 25(1):26-27.

Wages, J. 1997. Recreation for rhesus monkeys. The Shape of Enrichment. 6(3):6.

Wagner, J. L., Disbrow, M. R., and Santana, J. 1998. Nonhuman Primate Outside Housing in Subtropical South Florida. In: Hare, V. J. and Worley, E. eds. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. San Diego: The Shape of Enrichment. pp. 245-247.

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Warburton, D.M. 1991. Stress and distress in response to change. In: Box, H.O., ed. Primate Responses to Environmental Change. London: Chapman & Hall. pp. 337-356

Washburn, D.A. and Rumbaugh, D.M. 1992. Investigations of rhesus monkey video-task performance: Evidence for enrichment. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science. 31(5):6-10.

Wassel, K., and Race, S. 1994. Tamarin Enrichment at the Utica Zoo. The Shape of Enrichment. 3 (1):1-2.

Wasserman, F.E. and Cruikshank, W.W. 1983. The relationship between time of feeding and aggression in a group of captive hamadryas baboons. Primates. 24:432-435.

Water, G.S., McDowell, M.L., Fouts, R.S., and Fouts, D.H. 1999. Captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) object enrichment: The effect of item novelty, category, and amount. ChimpanZoo Conference Proceedings. pp. 32.

Watson, C. 1997. Getting serious about monkey business. The benefits of environmental enrichment for non-human primates. WARDS (Working for Animals Used in Research, Drugs and Surgery) Newsletter.8(2):1-3.

Watson, D.S.B., Houston, B.J., and Macallum, G.E. 1989. The use of toys for primate environmental enrichment. Laboratory Primate Newsletter. 28(2):20.

Watson, L. 1992. Effect of an enrichment device on stereotypic and self-aggressive behaviors in singly-caged macaques: A pilot study. Laboratory Primate Newsletter. 31(3):8-10.

Watson, L. 1997. Response of captive Barbados green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabeus) to a variety of enrichment devices. Laboratory Primate Newsletter. 36(2):5-7.

Watson, L. and Weed, J.L. 1998. Managing the environmental enrichment program for nonhuman primates and domestic farm animals housed at the National Institutes of Health. American Journal of Primatology. 45:211-212.

Weber, B. 1998. Orangutan Enrichment Options at Brookfield Zoo. The Shape of Enrichment. 7 (3):7-9.

Weed, J.L. and Watson, L.M. 1998. Pair housing adult owl monkeys (Aotus sp.) for environmental enrichment. American Journal of Primatology. 45:212.

Weed, J.L., McCollom, K.J., and Cisar, F.A. 2000. Methods for socializing unfamiliar primates to provide environmental enrichment and promote psychological well-being. American Journal of Primatology, Supplement 1. 51:98.

Weld, K. and Erwin, J. 1990. Provision of manipulable objects to cynomolgus macaques promotes species-typical behavior. American Journal of Primatology. 20:243.

Weld, K., Metz, B., and Erwin, J. 1991. Environmental enrichment for Macaca fascicularis: Effects of shape and substance of manipulable objects. American Journal of Primatology. 24:139.

Westergaard, G.C. and Fragazy, D.M. 1985. Effects of manipulable objects on the activity of captive capuchin monkeys (Cebus appella). Zoo Biology. 4:317-327.

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White, B., Gibbs, C., Carraway, J., and Binienda, Z. 1993. Foraging device as part of an environmental enrichment program for individually housed rhesus monkeys in the NCTR primate research facility. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science. 32(4):37.

Williams, K. 1997. Gorilla: The enrichment experience. Gorilla Gazette. 11(1):22.

Williams, L.E., Abee, C.R., Barnes, S.R., and Ricker, R.B. 1988. Cage design and configuration for an arboreal species of primate. Laboratory Animal Science. 38(3):289-291.

Williams, L.E., Palughi, P.J., Cushman, A., and Gibson, S.V. 1992. Vegetables as dietary enrichment for Saimiri. American Journal of Primatology. 27:63-64.

Williams, S.L. and Kelley, J.W. 1998. Mobility as enrichment for captive primates. Laboratory Primate Newsletter. 37(2):3-4.

Wilson, S.F. 1982. Environmental Influences on the Activity of Captive Apes. Zoo Biology. 1:201-210.

Woloschko, K. and Harry, R. 2000. Enrichment for Mandrills, Tigers, and Meerkats. The Shape of Enrichment. 9(4):6-8.

Wolper, C. 1995. A Hammock in the Rain Forest for Chimpanzees. The Shape of Enrichment. 4(3):1-2. Wood, R.J. 1988. Spontaneous use of sticks as tools by gorillas at Howletts Zoo Park. International Zoo News. 35(185):13-18.

Wood, W. 1992. A theoretical approach to environmental enrichment from the perspective of occupational therapy. ChimpanZoo Conference Proceedings. pp. 55-61.

Wood, W. 1998. Interactions among environmental enrichment, viewing crowds, and zoo chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes). Zoo Biology. 17(3):211-230.

Woods, S. 1990. Behavioral enrichment of a group of captive gorillas: A quantitative study. Proceedings of the Columbus Zoo Gorilla Workshop. pp. 205-209.

Woods, S. 1991. Gorilla-approved behavioral enrichment ideas. Gorilla Gazette. 5(1):8-9.

Woods, S. 1992. An evaluation of browse as behavioral enrichment for captive gorillas. American Journal of Primatology. 27:64.

Woolverton, W.L., Ator, N.A., Beardsley, P.M., and Carroll, M.E. 1989. Effects of environmental conditions on the psychological well-being of primates. Life Sciences. 44(14):901-917.

Wright, B.W. 1994. A comparative analysis of the effects of behavioral enrichment and the utilization of tools within and between captive groups of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 94 (Supplement 18).pp. 210-211.

Wright, B.W. 1995. A novel item enrichment program reduces lethargy in orangutans. Folia Primatologica. 65:214-218.

Young, R.J. 1998. Zoos: Leading the way in implementing environmental enrichment. Primate Eye.66:19-20.

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Young, R.J., McNaught, D., and Richardson, B. 1994. Hand manipulated food dispenser for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). RATEL. 21(3):85-86.

Zimmermann, A. and Feistner, A.T.C. 1996. Effects of feeding enrichment on ruffed lemurs, Varecia variegata veriegata and Varecia v. rubra. Dodo, Journal of the Wildlife Preservation Trust. 32:67-75.

Reptiles and Amphibians

爬行动物和两栖动物

Becker, W. 2002. Reptile Enrichment: A Rewarding Experience. The Shape of Enrichment. 11(2):7-8.

Burghardt, G.M., Ward, B., and Rosscoe, R. 1996 Problems of reptile play: Environmental enrichment and play behavior in a captive Nile soft-shelled turtle, Trionyx triunguis. Zoo Biology. 15(3):223-238.

Burr, L.E. 1997. Reptile Enrichment: Scenting for Response. The Shape of Enrichment. 6(2):3-4.

Chiszar, D., Radcliffe, C.W., Boyer, T., and Behler, J.L. 1987. Cover-seeking behavior in Red Spitting Cobras (Naja mossambica): Effects of tactile cues and darkness. Zoo Biology. 6:161-168.

Davenport, M. 1995. A Shift Area for Cuban Crocodiles. The Shape of Enrichment. 4 (4):13-14.

Ferguson, G.W. 1977. Variation and evolution of stereotyped behavior in reptiles. II. Social displays of reptiles. Communications value, ultimate causes of variation, taxonomic significance, and heritability of population differences. In: Gans, C. and Tinkle, D.W., eds. Biology of the Reptilia. Vol. 7, Ecology and Behavior. New York: Academic Press. pp. 405-554.

Garrett, C.M., Boyer, D.M., Card, W.C., Roberts, D.T., Murphy, J.B., and Chiszar, D. 1996. Comparison of chemosensory behaviour and prey trail-following in the varanoid lizards (Varanous gouldii and Heloderma suspectum). Zoo Biology. 15:255-265.

Garrett, C.M. and Smith, B.E. 1994. Perch color preference in juvenile green tree pythons, Chondropython viridis. Zoo Biology. 13(1):45-50.

Kaplan, M.L. 1993. An enriched environment for the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). Lab Animal.22:25-28.

Licht, P. 1972. Photoperiod and thermal influences on reproductive cycles in reptiles. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress on Endocrinology. International Congress Series 273. Amsterdam:Elsevier. pp. 185-190.

Marmie, W., Kuhn, S., and Chizar, D. 1990. Behavior of captive-raised rattlesnakes (Crotalus enyo) as a function of rearing conditions. Zoo Biology. 9(3):241-246.

McKeown, S. 1985. The ecosystem approach: New survival strategies for managing and displaying reptiles and amphibians in zoos. In: Proceedings of the Eighth Symposium on

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Captive Propagation and Husbandry of Reptiles and Amphibians. Davis, CA.: Northern California Herpetological Society. pp. 1-5.

Muir, D. 2000. Have Your Tortoise Checked Every 3000 Miles. The Shape of Enrichment. 9(3):13-14.

Rehling, M.J. 2000. Octopus Prey Puzzles. The Shape of Enrichment. 9(3):1-5.

Sals. T. 2000. Enrichment for an Indigo Snake. The Shape of Enrichment. 9(3):6.

Skelton, T. 1996. Can Reptiles be Enriched? The Shape of Enrichment. 5 (1):3-4

Wood, J. and Wood, D. 1999. Enrichment for an Advanced Invertebrate. The Shape of Enrichment.8(3):1-5.

Rodents and Lagomorphs

啮齿动物和兔类动物

Ambrose, N. and Morton, D.B. 2000. The use of cage enrichment to reduce male mouse aggression. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare. 3:117-125.

Arnold, C.E. and Westbrook, R.D. 1997/98. Enrichment in group-housed laboratory golden hamsters. Animal Welfare Information Center (AWIC) Newsletter. 8(3/4):22-24.

Batchelor, G.R. 1991. Group housing on floor pens and environmental enrichment in sandy lop rabbits. Animal Technology. 42:109-120.

Bennett, E.L., Rosenweig, M.R., and Diamond, M.C. 1969. Rat brain: Effect of environmental enrichment on wet and dry weights. Science. 163:825-826.

Bergmann, P., Militzere, K., and Buttner, D. 1994/95. Environmental enrichment and aggressive behaviour: influence on body weight and body fat in male inbred HLG mice. Journal of Experimental Animal Science. 37:69-78.

Bockheim, G. 1997: Housing and Enriching "Tough-Guy" Tayras. The Shape of Enrichment. 6 (3):4-5

Bradshaw, A.L. and Poling, A. 1991. Choice by rats for enriched versus standard home cages: Plastic pipes, wood platforms, wood chips, and paper towels as enrichment items. Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior. 55:245-250.

Callard, M.D., Bursten, S.N., and Price, E.O. 2000. Repetitive backflipping behaviour in captive roof rats (Rattus rattus) and the effect of cage enrichment. Animal Welfare. 9:139-152.

Carder, B. and Berkowitz, K. 1970. Rats' preference for earned in comparison with free food. Science. 167:1273-1274.

Carughi, A., Carpenter, K.J., and Diamond, M.C. 1989. Effect of environmental enrichment during nutritional rehabilitation on body growth, blood parameters and cerebal cortical development of rats. Journal of Nutrition. 119:2005-2016.

Cheal, M.L., Foley, K., and Kastenbaum, R. 1986. Brief periods of environmental enrichment facilitates adolescent development of gerbils. Physiology and Behavior. 36:1047-1051.

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Cooper, J.J. and Nicol, C.J. 1991. Stereotypic behaviour affects environmental preference in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus). Animal Behaviour. 41:971-977.

Coviello-Mclaughlin, G.M. and Starr, S.J. 1997. Rodent enrichment devices - evaluation of preference and efficacy. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science. 36(6):66-68.

Daly, M. 1973. Early stimulation of rodents: A critical review of present interpretations. British Journal of Psychology. 64:435-460.

Einon, D., Morgan, M. 1977. A critical period for social isolation in the rat. Dev. Psychobiology. 10:123-132.

Gunn, D. and Morton, D.B. 1995. Rabbits. AWIC Resource Series No. 2 - Environmental Enrichment Information Resources for Laboratory Animals 1995, Birds, Cats, Dogs, Farm Animals, Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents. 2:127-132.

Haemisch, A., Voss T., and Gartner, K. 1994. Effects of environmental enrichment on aggressive behavior, dominance hierarchies, and endocrine status in male DBA/2J mice. Physiology and Behavior. 56:10411048.

Hanson, L.T. and Berthelsen, H. 2000. The effect of environmental enrichment on the behaviour of caged rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 68:163-178.

Held, S.D.E., Turner, R.J., and Wootton, R.J. 1994. Effect of environmental enrichment on the behaviour of group housed New Zealand White and Dutch X Californian laboratory rabbits. In: Bunyan, J. ed. Welfare and Science, Proceedings of the Fifth FELASA Symposium. London: Royal Society of Medicine Press. pp. 358-360.

Hobbs, A., Kozubal, W., and Nebiar, F.F. 1997. Evaluation of objects for environmental enrichment of mice. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science. 36(3):69-71.

Huls, W.L., Brooks, D.L., and Bean-Knudson, D. 1991. Response of adult New Zealand white rabbits to enrichment objects and paired housing. Laboratory Animal Science. 41:609-611.

Joffe, J.M., Rawson, R.A., and Mulick, J.A. 1988. Control of their environment reduces emotionality in rats. Science. 180:1383-1384.

Klein, S.L., Lambert, K.G., Durr, D., Schaefer, T., and Waring, R.E. 1994. Influence of environmental enrichment and sex on predator stress response in rats. Physiology and Behavior. 56:291-297.

Kuhnen, G. 1999. The effect of cage size and enrichment on core temperature and febrile response of the golden hamster. Laboratory Animals. 33:221-227.

Lawson, D.M. and Churchill, P.C. 2000. The effects of enrichment on parameters in hypertensive rats. Contemporary Topics Laboratory Animal Science. 39(1).

Leach, M.C., Ambrose, N., Bowell, V.J., and Morton, D.B. 2000. The development of a novel form of mouse cage enrichment. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science. 3:81-91.

Lindfors, L. 1997. Behavioural effects of environmental enrichment for individually caged rabbits. Applied Animal Science. 52:157-169.

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Manosevitz, M. and Joel, U. 1973. Behavioral effects of environmental enrichment in randomly bred mice. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology. 85:373-382.

McClure, D.E. and Thomson, J.I. 1992. Cage enrichment for hamsters housed in suspended wire cages. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Science. 31(4):33.

McGregor, P.K. and Ayling, S.J. 1990. Varied cages result in more aggression in male CFLP mice. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 26:277-281.

Miller, B., Biggins, D., Vargas, A., Hutchins, M., Hanebury, L., Godbey, J., Anderson, S., Wemmer, C., and Oldemeier, J. 1998. The Captive Environment and Reintroduction: The Black-Footed Ferret as a Case Study with Comments on Other Taxa. In: Shepherdson, D.J., Mellen J.D., and Hutchins, M., eds. Second Nature, Environmental Enrichment for Captive Animals. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp.97-112.

Morrison, C. 1996. Enrichment for Tree Shrews and Tamarins. The Shape of Enrichment. 5 (1):8.

Morton, D.B. 1994. Enrichment techniques for rodents and rabbits. In: Niemi, S.M., Venable, J.S., and Guttman, H.N. eds. Rodents and Rabbits: Current Research Issues. Greenbelt: Scientist Center of Animal Welfare. pp. 20-27.

Nevison, C.M., Hurst, J.L., and Barnard, C.J. 1999. Strain-specific effects of cage enrichment in male laboratory mice (Mus musculus). Animal Welfare. 8:361-379.

Odberg, F.O. 1978. The influence of cage size and environmental enrichment on the development of stereotypies in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus). Behavioral Processes. 14:155-176.

Orok-Edem, E. and Key, D. 1994. Responses of rats (Rattus norvegicus) to enrichment objects. Animal Technology. 45:25-30.

Renner, M.J. 1987. Experience dependent changes in exploratory behavior in the adult rat (Rattus norvegicus): Overall activity level and interactions with objects. Journal of Comparative Psychology. 101(1):94-100.

Renner, M.J. and Rosenweig, M.R. 1986. Object interactions in juvenile rats. Effects of different experimental histories. Journal of Comparative Psychology. 100:229-236.

Renner, M.J. 1987. Experience dependent changes in exploratory behavior in the adult rat (Rattus norwegicus): Overall activity level and interactions with objects. Journal of Comparative Psychology.10:94-100.

Sing, D. 1970. Preference for bar pressing to obtain reward over free-loading in rats and children. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology. 73:320-327.

Stauffacher, M. 1992. Group housing and enrichment cages for breeding, fattening and laboratory rabbits.Animal Welfare. 1:105-125.

Van de Weerd, H.A. and Baumans, V. 1995. Environmental enrichment in rodents. AWIC Resource Series No. 2 - Environmental Enrichment Information Resources for Laboratory Animals 1995 - 1995, Birds, Cats, Dogs, Farm Animals, Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents. 2: 145-149.

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Van de Weerd, H.A. and Baumans, V. 1999. Evaluation of environmental enrichment for laboratory mice. Animal Welfare Information Center (AWIC) Bulletin. 9(3-4):1-2, 18-19.

Van de Weerd, H.A., Baumans, V., Koolhaas, J.M., and van Zutphen, L.F.M. 1994. Strain specific behavioural response to environmental enrichment in the mouse. Journal of Experimental Animal Science. 36:117-127.

Van de Weerd, H.A., van Loo, P.L.P., van Zutphen, L.F.M., Koolhaas, J.M., and Bauman, V. 1998. Preferences for nest boxes as environmental enrichment for laboratory mice. Animal Welfare. 7:11-25.

Van de Weerd, H.A., van Loo, P.L.P., van Zutphen, L.F.M., Koolhass, J.M., and Bauman, V. 1998. Strength of preference for nesting material as environmental enrichment for laboratory mice. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 55:369-382.

Van de Weerd, H.A., van Loo, P.L.P., van Zutphen, L.F.M., Koolhaas, J.M., and Baumans, V. 1997. Preferences for nesting material as environmental enrichment for laboratory mice. Laboratory Animals. 31:133-143.

Ward, G.E. and DeMille, d. 1991. Environmental enrichment for laboratory mice (Mus musculus). Animal Technology. 42:149-156.

Warren, J.M., Zerweck, C., and Anthony, A. 1982. Effects of environmental enrichment on old mice. Developmental Psychobiology. 15:13-18.

Willan, P.C. 1999. A novel method for the supply of bedding and nesting material with inbuilt environmental enrichment for rodents. Abstracts of the AALAS (American Association for Laboratory Animal Science) Meeting. pp. 5.

Wurbel, H, Chapman, R., and Rutland, C. 1998. Effect of feed and environmental enrichment on development of stereotypic wire-gnawing in laboratory mice. Applied Animal Behaviour Science.60:69-81.

Miscellaneous

其他

Bartos, C. 1998. Enrichment Ideas for African Crested Porcupines. The Shape of Enrichment. 7(2):1-2

Foster-Turley, P. and Markowitz, H. 1982. A captive behavioral enrichment study with Asian small-clawed river otters (Aonyx cinerea). Zoo Biology. 1:29-43.

Gabbert, A. 1999. An "Otterly" enriching environment. The Shape of Enrichment. 8 (2):12

Jochum, S. 1998. A Tree Roo Crazy for Kong Toys™. The Shape of Enrichment. 7 (1):8-9

Klomberg, S. 1996. Mongoose Entertainment. The Shape of Enrichment. 5 (2):3

Neistadt, N. 1995. Otter Choices of Enrichment. The Shape of Enrichment. 4 (4):1-2

Poulsen, E. 1998. A Mud Box for American Beavers. The Shape of Enrichment. 7 (2):11

Seidman, M. 1993. Coatimundi Exhibit Renovation: Success with Simplicity. The Shape of Enrichment.

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2 (4):11-12

Shepherdson, D., Brownback, T., and James, A. 1989. A mealworm dispenser for the slender-tailed meerkat (Suricata suricatta) at London Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook. 28:268-271.

Sousa, M., Jeffries, M., and Giles, A. 1998. Utilizing Environmental Enrichment for Adult California Sea Otters, Enhydra lutris neresis, at the Monteray Bay Aquarium. In: Hare, V. J., and Worley, E. eds. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. San Diego: The Shape of Enrichment. pp. 116-119.

Swanson, J. Urwin, J. 1996. Busy bettongs. The Shape of Enrichment. 5(2):4-5.

Terry Dr. S. 1999. Connecting Kids with Prairie Dogs and Monkeys. The Shape of Enrichment. 8(1):9-10

Tinkous, N., Whiteley, A., and Chepko-Sade, B. D. 1998. A Good Day's Fishing for River Otters. The Shape of Enrichment. 7(1):

Trager, G. C. and Germanton, H. 1998. Coatimundis enrich their own lives in nature by putting on the perfume, so why not let them do it in captivity? In: Hare, V. J. and Worley, E. eds. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Environmental Enrichment. San Diego: The Shape of Enrichment. pp. 150154.

Woloschko, K. and Harry, R. 2000. Enrichment for Mandrills, Tigers, and Meerkats. The Shape of Enrichment. 9(4):6-8.

Wood, D. 2000. Egg Carton Puzzle Boxes for Ferrets. The Shape of Enrichment. 9(1):11.

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