DOCSLIB.ORG

Download PDF Version- Volume 12, July 2012

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download PDF Version- Volume 12, July 2012 Volume 11, July 2012 History of Enrichment in the ILAR Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals • Drivers for Enrichment in Directive 2010/63/EU • Using Enrichment to Improve Welfare & Reduce Suffering • Tailoring Enrichment to GA Mice • Enrichment and Cephalopods • Evaluating Enrichment is Essential • Reporting Enrichment in Research Papers Volume 12, July 2012 THE Publisher:Global Research Education and Training, LLC Email: [email protected] RECORD Website: http://enrichmentrecord.com A GLOBAL VIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT 4 SPRING 2010 | ENRICHMENTRECORD.COM www.vetbiotech.com IN THIS ISSUE SUMMER 2012 THE RECORD 2 In Other Words Call for Proposals 5 EDITORIAL BOARD Tim Allen, M.S. 7 Animal Welfare Information Center Upcoming Meetings Genevieve Andrews-Kelly, B.S., LATG Huntingdon Life Sciences History of Enrichment in the ILAR 10 Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals Elizabeth Dodemaide, B.V.Sc., M.A., MACVSc Associate Director, Laboratory Animal Services Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Drivers for Enrichment in Directive 2010/63/EU 13 Karen Froberg-Fejko, V.M.D., President, Bio-Serv Joanne Gere, Founder, BioScience Collaborative Using Enrichment to Improve Welfare & Reduce Suffering 16 G. Scott Lett, Ph.D., CEO, The BioAnalytics Group LLC Jayne Mackta Tailoring Enrichment in GA Mice 20 President & CEO, Global Research Education & Training LLC Emily G. Patterson-Kane, Ph.D. Enrichment and Cephalopods 24 American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Animal Welfare Division 29 Kathleen L. Smiler, D.V.M., DACLAM Evaluating Enrichment is Essential Consultant, Laboratory Animal Medicine Rhoda Weiner, Weiner & Associates Resources 33 Joanne Zurlo, Ph.D. Director of Science Strategy The Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) Reporting Enrichment in Research Papers 34 Please direct all inquiries to Enriching Profile 36 Rhoda Weiner, Editor: [email protected] 38 We’d loVE TO HEAR FROM YOU! Meeting up We welcome your comments, observations and contributions to The Enrichment Record. Contributors include lab animal veterinarians, principal investigators, animal care staff, animal behaviorists, animal technologists and members of the bioscience community who promote the 4 Rs: reduction, replacement, refinement and respect. Share your story ideas with Rhoda Weiner, Editor at [email protected] Guidelines for authors can be accessed at http://enrichmentrecord.com/contribute/ Please give credit where credit is due. Outstanding animal care is truly a team effort, and we ask you to credit colleagues, published reports, articles, and other reference materials that have contributed to your enrichment article. Great ideas don’t happen in a vacuum, and we encourage you to list all sources of inspiration. The Enrichment Record is not a peer-reviewed journal. However, the Editorial Board of this E-Zine is composed of dedicated volunteers who have extensive experience and expertise in the care of laboratory animals. Members of the Board are involved with all aspects of this publication. The Enrichment Record is published in October, January, April and July. If you are interested in advertising in The Enrichment Record, please visit: http://enrichmentrecord.com/advertise/ Publisher: GR8 (Global Research Education & Training, LLC) http://enrichmentrecord.com Jayne Mackta, President & CEO SUMMER 2012 | THE ENRICHMENT RECORD 1 In Other Words Penny Hawkins The Enrichment Record Research Animals Department is a quarterly E-Zine/Forum for: RSPCA, UK • Discussing environmental enrichment in the optimal care of laboratory animals • Documenting best practices and approaches for addressing challenges of implementation & assessment at every level • Sharing data on the impact of environmental enrichment on the science • Building the case for integrating enrichment into research design If you are interested in advertising in The Enrichment Record, please visit: http://enrichmentrecord. com/advertise/ or contact GUEST EDITOR Jayne Mackta, Publisher: I’ve been an avid reader and collector of The Enrichment Record [email protected] from the first issue, and I was delighted when Jayne asked me to be the first guest editor. When it comes to promoting enrichment, ADvERTISInG DEADLInES I get very frustrated by the lack of awareness within the general January Issue—December 1 scientific community of the growing body of literature on enrichment April Issue—March 1 evaluation—and also by the way in which information about housing July Issue—June 1 and care is often regarded as irrelevant, with nowhere near enough October Issue—September 1 exchange of ideas or mention in publications. ADvERTISInG RATES But attitudes and awareness are both changing for the better, and Single Issue The Enrichment Record does a fantastic job of helping to get the 1/4 page $350 message out there in a way that is accessible to all. I want to use this 1/2 page $500 issue to take the opportunity of having a look at some current issues Full page $1,000 and ‘seizing the day’ with respect to promoting enrichment. This was prompted by the revision of two major documents that 4 Issues influence the way in which millions of laboratory animals are housed 1/4 page $1,120 and cared for globally; the new European Union (EU) Directive 1/2 page $1,600 (2010/63/EU) and the US Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources Full page $3,200 (ILAR) Guide, which were published in 2010 and 2011 respectively. Both of these include increased emphasis on providing enrichment that The Enrichment Record is species-appropriate and reflects current knowledge, as explained in is an 8.5” x 11” format. the articles by Axel Kornerup Hansen and Dorte Bratbo Sørensen, of the University of Copenhagen, and by the Global Enrichment Committee at Full color; 300 dpi pdfs accepted. Abbott Laboratories, Illinois. Visit out website— The revisions of the Directive and Guide should prompt facilities browse past issues: to review their provision of enrichment for all species, and reflect on http://enrichmentrecord.com what they currently provide and how this might be improved upon, and I believe that many will do just that. However, there has been a disappointing backlash from some organisations, which have objected 2 SUMMER 2012 | THE ENRICHMENT RECORD on the grounds that providing be tailored to different GA mouse I’ve really enjoyed my temporary enrichment costs money and they lines with individual needs. Our editorship and I would like to thank are not convinced of the welfare other animal-specific article is on all of the authors for agreeing so benefits. My overall impression, on enrichment for cephalopods, whose readily to write for this edition and the basis of my involvement in the use will be regulated EU-wide for making it such a useful and revision of the Directive and the for the first time when the new thought-provoking read. We hope high level of liaison that my organ- Directive is implemented on you enjoy it! isation has with working scientists 1 January 2013. Jennifer Mather, and animal technologists and care of the University of Lethbridge, staff, is that most people do take explains how to give cephalopods the view that enrichment benefits a good quality of life. Penny Hawkins Hawkins animals and that this is worth in- Research Animals Department, RSPCA, UK Finally—and to come full circle to vesting in. the beginning of this editorial— However, many assumptions are it’s high time that information about enrichment was fully recognised made about the impact of Penny Hawkins, BSc., Ph.D., as an essential component of the enrichment on both welfare and The Enrichment Record’s first materials and methods section science, and it is of course essen- guest editor is Deputy Head of the of papers, posters and talks. My tial to evaluate these, as discussed Research Animals Department in RSPCA colleague Nikki Osborne in the article by Gilly Griffin of the the Science Group of The Royal gives us a snapshot of the status Canadian Council on Animal Care. Society for the Prevention of Cruelty quo and outlines what improve- Whether providing enrichment can to Animals (RSPCA)—the UK’s ments are needed to achieve better actually help to reduce suffering leading animal welfare nonprofit information sharing for all. experienced by animals undergoing organization. She works to promote procedures is also worth some The articles in this edition of refinements to improve animal serious consideration, and is a The Enrichment Record have housing and care—especially rodents highly topical question in relation to come from people working in a wide and birds—and to assess the welfare the focus on the animal’s lifetime range of different countries and of laboratory animals. Other key experience in the new EU Directive. contexts. All support the principle areas include refining procedures Christina Winnicker and Brianna that carefully considered and to reduce suffering, animal use in Gaskill of Charles River have appropriate enrichment promotes fundamental (basic biology) research, examined this issue for us. better welfare and therefore better and the ethics of animal experi- mentation. She is a member of the Another topical subject included science—and their articles illustrate Animal Procedures Committee (APC), in this edition is enrichment for that this is sufficiently important to the body that advises the secretary genetically altered (GA) mice, be translated into legislation and of state on the implementation of the which is of major importance in regulatory guidelines. Yet adequate UK Animals (Scientific Procedures) relation to laboratory animal enrichment is still not universally Act 1986. Penny has also been welfare because of the sheer applied. There are likely to be a involved in the revision of the number of animals involved— number of reasons, and thus no European guidelines for laboratory which is still increasing globally one way to tackle this problem— animal husbandry, and the year-on-year1. Anne Fawcett of the a combination of legislation, development of the new regulations University of Sydney, New South advocacy and communication is on animal use for EU Directive Wales, explains how enrichment can likely to be required.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Intact Carcasses As Enrichment for Large Felids: Effects on On- and Off-Exhibit Behaviors
    Zoo Biology 21:37–47 (2002) Intact Carcasses as Enrichment for Large Felids: Effects on On- and Off-Exhibit Behaviors M. Elsbeth McPhee* School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Reducing stereotypic behaviors in captive animals is a goal for zoological insti- tutions worldwide, and environmental enrichment is one tool commonly used to meet that end. Behavioral needs associated with feeding, however, are often ne- glected in large carnivores. To address these needs, I tested the effects of calf carcasses as enrichment for large felids. Over 14 weeks, I provided nine animals with up to seven intact carcasses. The cats were housed at Toledo Zoo, Potawatomi Zoo, and Binder Park Zoo. Animals were observed off and on exhibit for changes in feeding, natural, stereotypic, active, and inactive behaviors. I compared treat- ment behaviors with behaviors observed during a baseline period in which the animals were fed traditional processed diets. For these nine cats, carcass provi- sion decreased off-exhibit stereotypic behaviors but had little impact on on-ex- hibit behaviors. Zoo Biol 21:37–47, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Key words: feeding behavior; stereotypic behavior; carnivores INTRODUCTION Over evolutionary time, the behaviors of wild animals have taken shape in response to spatial and temporal variability and the selective pressures associated with that variability. Captivity can adversely affect animal behavior due to different selective pressures and a lack of environmental stochasticity [Hediger, 1964; Price, 1984; Tudge, 1992; Carlstead, 1996; Seidensticker and Forthman, 1998]. In a cap- tive environment, an animal may not have the motivation, opportunity, or need to display the range of behaviors necessary to succeed in its natural habitat.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Involvement in Behavioral Enrichment at the Phoenix Zoo
    Community involvement in behavioral enrichment at the Phoenix Zoo. Hilda Tresz Behavioral Management Coordinator Phoenix Zoo In 2003, the Phoenix Zoo developed its proactive, structured, and documented Behavioral Management Protocol. The comprehensive management protocol outlines the philosophy and standards for a general behavioral enrichment protocol for all species, and a specific primate behavioral enrichment program. The primate enrichment protocol presents captive husbandry guidelines for the care and psychological well-being of nonhuman primate species at the Phoenix Zoo. These guidelines have been developed in accordance with the USDA animal Welfare Act (Environmental Enrichment for Nonhuman Primates Resource Guide January 1992-February 1999; Final Report on Environmental Enhancement to Promote the Psychological Well-being of Nonhuman Primates July 15, 1999 and the AZA Zoo Standards for the Housing of Nonhuman Primates (unpublished report). The Management of the Phoenix Zoo maximally promotes behavioral enrichment by providing a successful, goal-oriented, self-sustained program that integrates into the daily management of the animals. This is accomplished by: • Supplying staff with the information and materials to help with their work (Behavioral Management Coordinator; Training and Enrichment Resource Office). • Finding adequate incentives to motivate staff: fully incorporating behavioral enrichment into the keeper’s job description. Participation in the enrichment plan is closely related to one’s personal evaluation. • Individual involvement in the behavioral enrichment program that expands the diversity of responsibilities provides more daily stimulation and therefore, creates more opportunity for professional growth. This in turn allows staff to feel as though they are contributing more to the overall goal or mission of the Phoenix Zoo.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Perceptions of Behavioral Enrichment: Assumptions Gone Awry
    Zoo Biology 17:525–534 (1998) Public Perceptions of Behavioral Enrichment: Assumptions Gone Awry M.E. McPhee,1* J.S. Foster,2 M. Sevenich,3 and C.D. Saunders4 1University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 2Seneca Zoo Society, Rochester, New York 3Disney’s Animal Kingdom, Lake Buena Vista, Florida 4Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, Illinois More and more, zoos are integrating behavioral enrichment programs into their management routines. Given the newness of such programs on an official level, however, there are an increasing number of enrichment decisions based on as- sumption. Enrichment is typically not provided on exhibit, especially for exhib- its considered to be more naturalistic, because it is assumed to affect visitors’ experience negatively. To test that assumption, visitors were interviewed in front of four exhibits—an outdoor barren grotto, an outdoor vegetated grotto, an in- door immersion exhibit, and an outdoor traditional cage—each with either natu- ral, nonnatural or no enrichment objects present. Specifically, we wanted to know whether 1) the exhibit’s perceived educational message, 2) the animal’s per- ceived “happiness,” and 3) the visitor perceptions of enrichment, the naturalism of animal’s behavior, and zoo animal well-being changed as a function of object type. Overall, the type of enrichment object had little impact on visi- tor perceptions. In the outdoor barren grotto, only visitor perceptions of ex- hibit naturalism were affected by object type. In the outdoor vegetated grotto, object type influenced visitors perceptions of enrichment and exhibit natu- ralism. For the indoor immersion exhibit, general perceptions of enrichment and the perceived naturalism of the animal’s behavior were affected.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Enrichment for Nonhuman Primates Resource Guide [Electronic Resource] AWIC Resource Series No
    United States Department of Agriculture Environmental Enrichment Agricultural Research Service for Nonhuman Primates National Agricultural Library Resource Guide Animal Welfare Information Center 2006 (Updated October 2009) Photo courtesy Photos8.com AWIC Resource Series No. 32 United States Department of Environmental Agriculture Enrichment for Agricultural Research Service Nonhuman Primates National Agricultural Resource Guide Library AWIC Resource Series No. 32 Animal Welfare Information Center 2006 (Updated October 2009) Compiled by: Kristina M. Adams, M.S. Animal Welfare Information Center National Agricultural Library U.S. Department of Agriculture Beltsville, Maryland 20705 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://awic.nal.usda.gov Available online: http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/Primates2009/primates.shtml National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record Adams, Kristina M. Environmental Enrichment for Nonhuman Primates Resource Guide [electronic resource] AWIC Resource Series No. 32, Updated 1. Environmental enrichment (Animal culture) -- Bibliography. 2. Primates -- Environmental Enrichment -- Bibliography. I. Animal Welfare Information Center (U.S.) II. Title. aHV4701 .A94 no. 32, Updated Disclaimers The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD).
    [Show full text]
  • Behavioral Enrichment 101
    Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies, Inc. Behavioral Enrichment 101 Hilda Tresz Arizona Trail Keeper The Phoenix Zoo This is an article for all the new care givers, who have just now started working with animals and are getting acquainted with the concept of exactly what "giving care" means. I have found that it registers in all kinds of levels in the zoo keeper's mind. For one thing, "old school zoo keeping" does not require more than the basic husbandry in the every-day routine. Even now in the 21st century, some care givers believe maintaining exhibits and servicing animals is all that is required in their eight-hour routine. Behavioral enrichment is not required and is considered something that can be done after regular duty, if time allows. In my opinion, there is much more to Behavioral Enrichment, and it should be discussed at a higher level and with new keepers, so they can fully understand its value. In this article, I will begin by asking what Behavioral Enrichment is and why the animals need it. I will then talk about the specifics of planning and implementation. What is Behavioral Enrichment? Behavioral Enrichment serves to promote the psychological well-being of captive animals by enriching their environment. Behavioral Enrichment provides an appropriate environment that promotes natural activities. The stimulation breaks down to several different levels – like Exhibit, Dietary or Social Enhancment and can be used in many forms. Why do the animals need it? Regardless of an institution's financial circumstances or its commitments to animal welfare, there is no way to re-create all the natural behaviors of the animals in the collection.
    [Show full text]
  • International Code of Best Practices for Dolphin Facilities
    INTERNATIONAL CODE OF BEST PRACTICES FOR DOLPHIN FACILITIES Alliance of Marine Mammal Parks & Aquariums (AMMPA) 2013 INTRODUCTION Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are the This International Code of Best Practices for Dolphin signature marine mammal species in human care. Facilities is based upon these professional Dolphins in the care of humans must be treated with accreditation standards and promotes the best the utmost respect and dignity, provided state-of- practices in animal care, education programming, the-art care based on scientific knowledge and best scientific advancement, responsible in-water professional practices, and housed in specialized interactive programs, and the conservation of facilities that meet their needs. dolphins in the wild. In most countries, aquariums, zoos and marine When selecting a zoological park or aquarium, the parks are regulated, inspected, and licensed by public, tour operators, cruise lines, and travel agents governments. The most respected zoos and can be assured that accredited facilities cherish their aquariums worldwide also are accredited by dolphins and place the highest priority on the professional organizations in accordance with dolphins’ health and welfare. While it is optimal and rigorous standards and guidelines that often exceed preferred that all marine mammal facilities be legal requirements. These standards and guidelines accredited and benefit from the expertise of are based on the best available science and reflect accrediting body organizations, this International the decades-long experience and expertise of the Code of Best Practices for Dolphins provides a dedicated professionals who work for these facilities. benchmark against which unaccredited facilities can Accreditation standards have resulted in dolphins in be measured.
    [Show full text]
  • Enrichment Days a Fun and Educational Event
    Enrichment Days A Fun and Educational Event Holding “Enrichment Day” events for zoo and aquarium guests is a popular way to inform our communities about enrichment as a vital and necessary component for animals in captive settings. Many facilities have created such events, featuring keeper talks, interactive exhibits, informational booths and games. Although organizing an Enrichment Day can require a great deal of organization and preparation, sharing best practices between different facilities can help everyone involved in the planning and implementation of these events. Below, we have compiled Enrichment Day information from a number of animal facilities, with contact information in case you need further information. If your facility has an Enrichment Day event, we would love to have your information posted here! Please contact Amy Burgess Calgary Zoo ZooAtlanta Columbus Zoo Houston Zoo Oakland Zoo Tulsa Zoo Utah’s Hogle Zoo Naples Zoo 2006 AAZK Conference Workshop Summary on Enrichment Days Calgary Zoo’s Second Annual Enrichment Day By Amelia MacRae Animal Enrichment Assistant Calgary Zoo, Alberta, Canada [email protected] The Calgary Zoo recognizes that environmental enrichment is an important and necessary part of husbandry practices for our captive animals. Increasing sensory stimulation and providing challenges such as puzzle feeders, novel objects or scents within an enclosure provides animals with opportunities to display their natural abilities and fulfill their behavioral needs. Animal enrichment is done daily at the zoo, and we wanted to showcase not only the efforts of our keepers in providing animals with stimulating objects and activities, but also to further educate the public about the importance of enrichment.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Applied Behavior Analysis in Zoo Management: Today and Tomorrow
    Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies, Inc. The Role of Applied Behavior Analysis in Zoo Management: Today and Tomorrow Debra L. Forthman, Zoological Society of San Diego Jacqueline J. Ogden, Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, Conservation & Research Dept., Zoo Atlanta The role of zoos in conservation education and the management, propagation, and reintroduction of endangered species provides many opportunities for the application of behavior-analytic techniques. Studies of captive animals are often concerned with functional relationships between environment and behavior-the forte of applied behavior analysis. In the daily management of their charges, animal caretakers regularly apply behavioral techniques, including shaping, use of discriminative stimuli, and varied schedules of reinforcement. However, zoo professionals have not adequately analyzed the behavioral contingencies involved in their management procedures or the consequences of the absence of natural contingencies (Forthman-Quick, 1984; Markowitz, 1982). This commentary outlines the major management tasks faced by zoo professionals as well as current and potential influences of applied behavior analysis. Current Applications Promotion of Species-Typical Behavior A primary management goal of zoos is to promote species-typical behavior patterns and to discourage exhibition of behaviors that are apparent artifacts of captivity, such as pacing, regurgitation and reingestion, and self-mutilation (Novak & Drewsen, 1989). This is critical for several reasons: First, appropriate sexual behavior is necessary for successful reproduction. Second, captive animals often have been housed in circumstances conducive to the display of abnormal behaviors. Many researchers (e.g., Sommer, 1974) have questioned the value of teaching visitors that, for example, monkeys self- mutilate. This has led to the argument that zoos should exhibit animals behaving "normally," in order to teach conservation education more effectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Increasingly Complex Enrichment on the Behavior of Captive Malayan Sun Bears (Helarctos Malayanus)
    Effects of Increasingly Complex Enrichment on the Behavior of Captive Malayan Sun Bears (Helarctos malayanus) by Yasmeen Ghavamian A thesis submitted to Sonoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Biology Committee Members: Dr. Karin Enstam Jaffe, Chair Darren E. Minier Dr. Daniel E. Crocker Date: 04/29/20 i Copyright 2020 By Yasmeen Ghavamian ii Authorization for Reproduction of Master’s Thesis I grant permission for the print or digital reproduction of this thesis in its entirety, without further authorization from me, on the condition that the person or agency requesting reproduction absorb the cost and provide proper acknowledgment of authorship. DATE: 04/29/20 Name: Yasmeen Ghavamian iii Effects of increasingly complex enrichment on the behavior of captive Malayan sun bears (Helarctos malayanus) Thesis by Yasmeen Ghavamian ABSTRACT All zoos grapple with challenges of keeping captive animals engaged in natural behaviors, especially for bears which prove to be among the more challenging species to keep stimulated. In captivity, a common indicator of poor welfare is the presence of stereotypic behaviors. In this study, we test whether providing increasingly complex feeding enrichment decreases the duration of stereotypic behavior and increases enrichment interaction for three adult female sun bears (Helarctos malayanus) at Oakland Zoo in California. We compared the effects of two different feeding enrichment devices- presented to the bears at three complexity levels- on sun bear stereotypic behavior. After three weeks of baseline data collection when no complex enrichment was present, we introduced the complex enrichment three times a week per level over six weeks.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix: Environmental Enrichment Or Enrichment
    Appendix: Environmental Enrichment or Enrichment This short appendix is not meant to be a comprehensive account of the zoo man- agement technique called either environmental enrichment or, more simply, enrichment. Instead, it aims only at assessing it from the ontological standpoint adopted in this book, namely, that zoo animals are immurated animals, a new type of domesticants in the making. Let us begin by stating what environmental enrichment is through the words of one of the world’s leading experts on the subject: ‘Environmental enrichment is a process for improving or enhancing zoo ani- mal environments and care within the context of their inhabitants’ behav- ioural biology and natural history. It is a dynamic process in which changes to structures and husbandry practices are made with the goal of increasing the behavioural choices available to animals and drawing out their species- appropriate behaviours and abilities, thus enhancing their welfare. As the term implies enrichment typically involves the identification and subsequent addition to the zoo environment of a specific stimulus or characteristic that the occupant/s needs but which was not previously present. (American Zoo & Aquarium Association, 1999)’. In practice, this definition covers a multitude of innovative, imaginative and ingenious techniques, devices and practices aimed at providing adequate social interaction, keeping animals occupied showing an increased range and diversity of behavioural opportunities, and providing more stimulating and responsive environments. Examples range from naturalistic foraging tasks, such as the ubiquitous artificial termite mound, puzzle feeders constructed from PVC pipes, finely chopped and scat- tered food, novel foods and carcasses, to objects that are introduced for manipulation, play and exploration, novelty and sensory stimulation.
    [Show full text]
  • Determining Face, Predictive, Construct Validity and Novel Receptor Targets in a Spontaneous Compulsive-Like Mouse Model
    Determining face, predictive, construct validity and novel receptor targets in a spontaneous compulsive-like mouse model Item Type Thesis Authors Mitra, Swarup Download date 10/10/2021 23:13:18 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/7895 DETERMINING FACE, PREDICTIVE, CONSTRUCT VALIDITY AND NOVEL RECEPTOR TARGETS IN A SPONTANEOUS COMPULSIVE-LIKE MOUSE MODEL By Swarup Mitra, B.S, M.S A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biochemistry and Neuroscience University of Alaska Fairbanks August 2017 APPROVED: Abel Bult-Ito, Committee Chair Kelly Drew, Committee Member Lawrence K. Duffy, Committee Member Kriya Dunlap, Committee Member Thomas Green, Chair Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Paul Layer, Dean College of Natural Science and Mathematics Michael Castellini, Dean of the Graduate School Abstract Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders with no known etiology. Genetic variation, sex differences and physiological stages, such as pregnancy, postpartum and menopause in females, are important factors that are thought to modulate the pathophysiology of the disorder. Deeper understanding of these factors and their role in modulating behaviors is essential to unraveling the complex clinical heterogeneity of OCD. Using a novel mouse model that exhibits a spontaneous compulsive-like phenotype, I investigated the role of strain differences, sex differences, ovarian sex hormones and postpartum lactation in influencing compulsive-like and affective behaviors. Due to the lack of definite neural substrates and first line therapeutic options for treatment resistant patients, I also probed into the role of positive allosteric modulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtype as a therapeutic target for translational prospects.
    [Show full text]
  • Magazine of the International Marine Animal Trainers' Association
    Volume 36, Number 2 ~ Second Quarter 2011 Magazine of the International Marine Animal Trainers’ Association ISSN # 1007-016X VOLUME 36, NUMBER 2 ~ SECOND QUARTER 2011 DEDICATED TO ADVANCING THE HUMANE CARE MAGAZINE OF THE INTERNATIONAL MARINE ANIMAL TRAINERS’ ASSOCIATION AND HANDLING OF MARINE ANIMALS BY FOSTERING CHIEF EDITOR PATRICK BERRY – Disney’s Animal Programs, The Seas COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PROFESSIONALS THAT SERVE MARINE ANIMAL SCIENCE THROUGH TRAINING, PUBLIC DISPLAY, EDITORIAL DIRECTOR RESEARCH, HUSBANDRY, CONSERVATION, AND EDUCATION. MICHAEL OSBORN – Mystic Aquarium & Institute for Exploration 6 ASSOCIATE EDITOR SUZANNE SMITH – SAIC BioSolutions BACK TO BASICS – Marcia Thissell ENRICHING ENVIRONMENTS – Ben Schreiner OFF THE SHELF – Michael Belshaw PRODUCT PROFILE – Chris Scullion Front Cover Photo Credit: Kelly Castillo IMATA BOARD OF DIRECTORS TRAINER’S FORUM – Robert Roozendaal PRESIDENT PAST PRESIDENT MICHAEL OSBORN DAVE ROBERTS ASSOCIATE EDITOR Mystic Aquarium & Institute for Exploration SeaWorld San Diego BETH AMENT – Animal Behavior Consultant REGIONAL REPORTER CONTACT INFORMATION REGIONAL REPORTS Associate Editor: Beth Ament [email protected] FIRST VICE PRESIDENT TREASURER Asia Philip Wong Asia: Philip Wong [email protected] BILL WOLDEN PATTY SCHILLING Australia Ryan Tate Australia/New Zealand: Ryan Tate [email protected] Dolphin Quest, Inc New England Aquarium Canada Brian Sheehan Caribbean Islands Adrian Penny 10 Canada: Brian Sheehan [email protected] Europe North Central Christiane Thiere 16
    [Show full text]