Sciknow Publications Ltd. ABC 2014, 1(1):1-18 Animal Behavior and Cognition DOI: 10.12966/abc.02.01.2014 ©Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0) Why Dolphins are not Aquatic Apes Louise Barrett1* and Bernd Würsig2 1University of Lethbridge 2Texas A&M University at Galveston *Corresponding author (Email:
[email protected]) Citation – Barrett, L., Würsig, B. (2014). Why dolphins are not aquatic apes. Animal Behavior and Cognition, 1(1), 1-18. doi: 10.12966/abc.02.01.2014 Abstract - The Social Brain (or Social Intelligence) hypothesis is a very influential theory that ties brain size and, by extension, cognitive ability to the demands of obligate and intense sociality. Initially developed to explain primate brain size evolution, the Social Brain hypothesis has since been applied to a diverse array of other social taxa, both mammalian and avian; its origins as a primate-based hypothesis (especially as articulated by Humphrey, 1976), however, mean that it retains a heavily anthropocentric tinge. This colors the way in which other species are viewed, and their cognitive abilities tested, despite fundamental differences in many aspects of bodily morphology, brain anatomy and behavior. The delphinids are a case in point and, in this review, we demonstrate how the anthropocentric origins of the Social Brain hypothesis have pushed us toward a view of the delphinids as a species of ‗aquatic ape‘. We suggest that a more ecological, embodied/embedded, view of dolphin behavior and psychology undercuts such a view, and will provide a more satisfactory assessment of the natural intelligence the delphinids display. Keywords - Social Brain hypothesis, Delphinids, Primates, Cognition, Behavior, Psychology Tracing the history of ideas, scientific or otherwise, is always interesting, and the social intelligence hypothesis is no exception.