DOCSLIB.ORG

Eindhoven University of Technology MASTER Beyond Reality

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Eindhoven University of Technology MASTER Beyond Reality Eindhoven University of Technology MASTER Beyond reality the effect of a virtual reality experience on the user acceptance of smart homes Honselaar, P.; Scharnigg, S.M.A.K. Award date: 2015 Link to publication Disclaimer This document contains a student thesis (bachelor's or master's), as authored by a student at Eindhoven University of Technology. Student theses are made available in the TU/e repository upon obtaining the required degree. The grade received is not published on the document as presented in the repository. The required complexity or quality of research of student theses may vary by program, and the required minimum study period may vary in duration. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain Beyond Reality The effect of a Virtual Reality experience on the User Acceptance of Smart Homes Master Thesis Colophon Master thesis Real Estate Management & Development Master Architecture, Building and Planning Department of the Built Environment Eindhoven University of Technology Authors P. (Patrick) Honselaar 0752989 S.M.A.K. (Sanne) Scharnigg 0726216 September, 2015 Supervisory committee dr.ir. B. de Vries dr.ir. P.E.W. van den Berg ir. A.J. Jessurun BEYOND REALITY THE EFFECT OF A VIRTUAL REALITY EXPERIENCE ON THE USER ACCEPTANCE OF SMART HOMES Preface In front of you lies our research report about the effect of a Virtual Reality experience on the user acceptance of Smart Homes. Before starting our graduation project, we were searching for a challenging subject in the field of Smart Homes and ICT in the built environment. Guess we found it all in this thesis. In a rather short period of time we got the chance to set up a Virtual Reality Smart Home, in which we learned more about different modelling software and how to program. For real estate students to develop a model in Virtual Reality without any prior experience and knowledge was regarded surreal and did not seem possible at the start of our graduating process, but yet we succeeded. We are very grateful for this opportunity and the fact that we could perform this thesis together, which ensured that we could challenge ourselves and achieve so much more in this final university project. The future‐oriented concept of Smart Homes has proven to be highly relevant for current society and it is hard to avoid the topic as newspapers entail related articles almost on a daily basis. We are privileged to contribute in this field of expertise through scientific research. The enthusiasm of the people around us definitely encouraged us to maintain high quality and to push ourselves to the limit. The fact that we could conduct our thesis at the department of Real Estate Management & Development in combination with the department of Design and Decision Support Systems did not only broaden our horizon scientifically, but also socially as we felt at home from day one in the research lab on the top floor of Vertigo. We want to express our gratitude towards our supervisors Bauke de Vries, Pauline van den Berg and Joran Jessurun. Having the support of three professors with three different areas of expertise really helped us in finalising this thesis. Their kindness and dedication made us feel comfortable, appreciated and motivated us to cast a critical eye over our own work. A special thanks to the 134 respondents, as this thesis could not have been realized without all those who took part in our experiment. In advance, we could not have imagined that the experiment would become so successful and that so many people would participate in and talk about our thesis. However, the biggest thanks goes out to our family and friends, who have been a continuous support throughout our careers. Martijn, Nancy, Paula & Bert, Arnout, I would like to thank my parents Carla Yara, Lenie & Bert, thanks for fitting a and Richard for the opportunity they supporting road trip in your busy provided me to study at a university schedules. Dad, mom, thank you both level. Their faith gave me the strength to for your advice, support and for keeping overcome all my obstacles. My brother me on my toes. A special thought goes Michel and sister Monique, who inspired out to my grandfather who passed away and supported me on every step of the during this project, but who would be so road. Of course, my beloved grandfather proud to know that I have become an whose enthusiasm will always remain ingenieur. Finally, I want to thank Patrick dear to me. Biggest heart goes out to for taking on this adventure with me and Sanne for being my bright and dedicated for always standing by my side. partner in crime on this smart journey. Sanne Scharnigg Patrick Honselaar September, 2015 Summary Smart Homes are presenting themselves as a new type of dwelling within the real estate market. A Smart Home is a home environment in which technology and space are integrated consequently resulting in an intelligent and comfortable way of life for its residents. Ever since its emergence, Smart Homes struggled to penetrate the real estate market and their potential has still been largely untapped. There are several reasons for this slow entrance, like costs, lack of awareness, privacy concerns, the limited interoperability of Smart Home technology, and the mismatch between the market and end‐user. All these barriers for the adoption of Smart Homes have a common ground: a low user acceptance of technologies used within Smart Homes. Therefore, the focus of the Smart Home discussion needs to be shifted from the technological to the social perspective. In order for Smart Home deployment to be widespread, the user acceptance of Smart Home technology needs to be addressed properly. In the upcoming decades, modern society faces many diverging challenges and Smart Homes might be capable of addressing some of these challenges, like aging or sustainability. Not only can Smart Homes support residents in their daily activities, they can also provide time and energy savings, convenience, and safety. Nowadays, most conducted research on Smart Home technology lays within the area of Smart Home devices, whereas research on the user acceptance is very scarce, especially within the field of the fully automated applications and (sensor) networks of devices. Creating user awareness through an acquaintance with these systems could highly benefit the implementation of Smart Homes. The formulated research question of this thesis is twofold. At first it is necessary to identify the factors affecting the intention to use of Smart Homes in order to develop a model, before examining to what extent a user experience can enhance the user acceptance and contribute to the implementation of Smart Homes. Within this research, a user experience is provided through a Virtual Reality Smart Home experiment. In order to validate the impact of the experience, a pre‐ and post‐survey are included, which are derived from a newly developed user acceptance model for Smart Homes. The scientifically substantiated claim that results obtained in Virtual Reality (VR) strongly correspond to results in real‐life situations supports the fact that VR can be deployed to expose the potential relations of the scientific user acceptance model. Since awareness and understanding are very important for user acceptance, it is vital to understand Smart Home and sensor technology. A sensor is a device that converts a physical phenomenon into an electrical or optical signal that can be quantified. Sensors can trigger actuators to start an application based on such a phenomenon, like motion, humidity or heat. There are several types of sensors and normally they do not operate as individual nodes in a Smart Home environment, but in a (wireless) network. In order to develop an accurate experiment, one holistic wireless sensor network protocol is selected to create a realistic representation of specific characteristics and features. Through research, it is identified that the wireless sensor network protocol MyriaNed is the most appropriate platform to conduct this study. MyriaNed is developed by Devlab, a company operating from within the Eindhoven University of Technology campus. Especially in its scalability, power consumption, reliability and security, being crucial characteristics for Smart Home appliances, MyriaNed distinguishes itself from other protocols. Instead of creating a user acceptance model from scratch, it is useful to understand the most common models applied for technology acceptance, like TAM, UTAUT, UTAUT‐SE, and TAUM. Based on their knowledge and the Smart Home barriers, an own model was created in which perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and facilitating conditions are the main factors affecting intention to use. The relationships between these variables can be influenced by certain personal characteristics, like gender, age, technological knowledge and social influence. As Smart Home technologies were not physically available and this study was not longitudinal, actual use could not be measured. Instead, the most important predictor of actual use, being intention to use, forms the dependent variable of the model. The survey questions necessary for the experiment were derived from the individual variables, resulting in two almost identical pre‐ and post‐surveys. Whereas personal characteristics only had to be asked once in the pre‐survey, questions involving the VR experience were included in the post‐survey. The experiment was conducted at the Eindhoven University of Technology and was held for three weeks starting from the 10th until the 30th of June 2015.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • How Smart Tvs, Smart Cars, Smart Homes, and Smart Cities Are Changing the World
    The Internet of Things How Smart TVs, Smart Cars, Smart Homes, and Smart Cities Are Changing the World MICHAEL MILLER 800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA The Internet of Things Editor-in-Chief How Smart TVs, Smart Cars, Smart Homes, and Greg Wiegand Smart Cities Are Changing the World Executive Editor Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. Rick Kughen All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechani- Managing Editor cal, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permis- Sandra Schroeder sion from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precau- Senior Project Editor tion has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any Tonya Simpson liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the informa- Copy Editor tion contained herein. Anne Goebel ISBN-13: 978-0-7897-5400-4 ISBN-10: 0-7897-5400-2 Indexer Library of Congress Control Number: 2015932632 Erika Millen Printed in the United States of America Proofreader Jess DeGabriele First Printing: April 2015 Trademarks Technical Editor Gareth Branwyn All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Que Publishing Publishing Coordinator cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this Kristin Watterson book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 14 Wireless Sensor Nodes
    Chapter 14 Wireless Sensor Nodes Serge Chaumette and Damien Sauveron Abstract This chapter addresses the key points of wireless sensor nodes: applica- tions, constraints, architecture, operating systems, and security concerns. It does not pretend to be exhaustive but to provide the major references on these topics. 14.1 Introduction Huge advances in Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and Wireless commu- nications in the last decade of the twentieth century gave birth to new paradigms, where cheap, small size communicating sensors have been developed and integrated in many devices and large hardware/software environments. In this chapter, we target standalone wireless sensing devices, so-called wireless sensor nodes, which means that we focus on the device itself and not on the way it can be integrated within a global wireless sensor network. These small hardware pieces are becoming a key component of the digitization of the real world, thanks to their ease of deployment and the benefits that they can bring to human life in general, like infrastructure man- agement (such as power grids) and environmental protection for instance. They are quite different from expensive isolated sensors (i.e., not intended to be a part of a whole swarm) and achieve complex measurements (related to a given phenomenon), and subsequent computation operations. Indeed, the strength of small sensor nodes is their ability to self-organize as a large network which enables measurement very close to a possibly dangerous phenomenon. They can cover a wide area and so are able to observe the evolution and spreading of complex events. In Sect.14.2 we S.
    [Show full text]
  • Wireless Communication Technologies for Smart Metering
    ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765 ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875 International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering (A High Impact Factor, Monthly, Peer Reviewed Journal) Website: www.ijareeie.com Vol. 7, Issue 8, August 2018 Wireless Communication Technologies for Smart Metering-Opportunities and Challenges Biteshnath Tiwari1, Chandra Mouli Upadhyay2, Sanket Agarwal3, Sreekesh Udupa4 Senior Design Engineer, Dept. of Electrical and Automation, Larsen and Toubro, Mysore, India1, 2, 3 Design Engineer, Dept. of Electrical and Automation, Larsen and Toubro, Mysore, India4 ABSTRACT:A smart meter is an electronic device which intends to compute energy, store and transmit the data to the central server.The central idea behind the smart metering initiative stems from the logic that the use of analytics on the energy consumption data of the consumer will result in insights, enabling utilities to engineer better solutions for providing more reliable and efficient power supply at a lower cost. In the era of a smart grid, where devices are interconnected in anetwork and enabled with the two-way communication. In order to ensure safe, secure and efficient operation of a Smart grid, deploying a suitable communication technology has become the need of the hour. Wireless communication options includes but not limited to such as RF, cellular communication, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, NB-IoT, Wi- SUN etc. This paper aims to investigate wireless communication technologies like RF, GPRS and NB-IoT in terms of – Concepts,Features, Opportunities and Challenges. The paper also discuss about the communication conundrum in a smart metering given the contingencies involved in a few of the technologies.
    [Show full text]
  • New Wireless Sensor Network Technology for Precision
    NEW WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK TECHNOLOGY FOR PRECISION AGRICULTURE Māris Alberts, Uģis Grīnbergs, Dzidra Kreišmane, Andris Kalējs, Andris Dzērve, Vilnis Jēkabsons, Normunds Veselis, Viktors Zotovs, Līga Brikmane, Baiba Tikuma Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science of the University of Latvia, Riga, Raiņa blvd. 29, LV1459, Fax: +371 67820153 [email protected] Abstract: Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science (IMCS) of the University of Latvia is implementing the project “Development of Long Range Wireless sensor network for precision farming applications in Latvia” (The Project). The Project has two main directions of research. The first is development of new long range Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) nodes providing radio link in a long distances (more than 300m), the second is development of energy efficient operating system (FarmOS) for large scale WSNs with main focus on robust easy to use agricultural applications. Development of current WSN nodes is based on Texas Instrument’s hardware and AgroSeNET technology drafted by Cominfo Inc. FarmOS is being developed in cooperation with Institute of Electronics and Computer Science. In framework of the Project IMCS is implementing field trial of large scale Long Range WSN technology for automated radiation frost protection of cranberry fields. FarmOS supports mash topology of WSN. For small networks star and multihop topologies could be used. The main goal of the Project is to build WSN prototype with newly designed 50 long range nodes running FarmOS to provide automated cranberry field protection with intelligent radiation frost prediction and decision making features. Depending on data gathered in the real time the intelligence of the system will provide immediate decision whether fog generator, water spryer system or just wind blowers would be chosen.
    [Show full text]
  • M2M Protocols, Solutions and Platforms for Smart Home Environments Integrating C.STATUSTM and the Mediasense
    M2M Protocols, Solutions and Platforms for Smart Home Environments Integrating C.STATUSTM and the MediaSense 10/12/2012 MID SWEDEN UNIVERSITY The Department of Information Technology and Media (ITM) Author: Addisu Thomas Lodamo, [email protected] Tutors: Stefan Forsström, Miun,[email protected] Examiner: Prof. Tingting Zhang, [email protected] Medical Monitoring Services Home Security automation Services Services Energy Entertainment Consumption Services services e y t a a W G The Internet M.Sc. Thesis within Computer Engineering AV, 30 Credit Points M2M Protocols, Solutions and Platforms for Smart Home Environments Integrating C.STATUSTM and the MediaSense Addisu Lodamo M2M Protocols, Solutions and Platforms for Smart Home Environments Abstract Addisu Lodamo 2012-11-11 Abstract Digital technological breakthroughs have brought about a huge change in the way the society interacts, responds to the immediate environment and the way that people live. Furthermore, Ubiquitous Computing and dirt cheap sensors have created a new paradigm in digital technology where human beings could control their environment in a different approach. In a number of paradigms of digital technology, multiple proprietary solutions in industry results in a huge cost for the end users to use the technology and thus a very sluggish penetration of the tech- nology into the society. Moreover, such unorganized and vendor ori- ented standards create additional burdens on a person concerned in design and implementation. This thesis presents existing and emerging technologies in relation to smart home environment having an aim to manifest available open standards and platforms. Smart Home Envi- ronment Infrastructures have been presented and discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • Company Presentation Metatronics 2014
    Connected smart lighting Led event 2014 Pepijn Herman 2-12-2014 Metatronics • Development of smart electronics solution • HQ in Eindhoven, The Netherlands • Branch in Düsseldorf, Germany • Team of 21 engineers • High tech engineering firm • Founded in 2003 • Strong IP and knowledge base in smart devices • Full service provider (concept production) 2 Metatronics technology library 3 Development flow Creative process Creating process Delivery process Connectivity in lighting • Why? – Business case and Added value? • Maintanance • Control • Usability • How? – Wired vs Wireless? – Integrate existing standard? 5 Complexity2 6 Challenges of connected lighting • Connected: – Luminaires – Swiches – sensors • Multiple platform interface – Switch (sensor, user) – App/cloud/website – Other • Gateway to: – Internet – Smartphone – Building management system – Other 7 What kind of networks? • Network types – Point to point – Mesh – Star – Ring – Bus 8 Selection criteria • Important to make good use cases – Focus from customer point of view – Problem domain, not solution domain • Who uses the product • How is a product used • What if (a part of) the interface fails – This will also create explicit and necessary input for agile development 9 Wired or wireless? • There is no “one size fits all” • Criteria: – New or existing infrastructure – Data rate – Power requirements – Professional or domestic application 10 Wireless technologies • WiFi • Bluetooth • Zigbee • 6LoWPAN • Myrianed • Other protocols 11 Wifi • Wi-Fi, is a local area wireless technology that allows an electronic device to exchange data or connect to the internet using 2.4 GHz UHF and 5 GHz SHF radio waves. • The Wi-Fi Alliance defines Wi-Fi as any "wireless local area network (WLAN) products that are based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE) 802.11 standards“.
    [Show full text]
  • Sensoriverkot
    Eemeli Merisalo Sensoriverkot Metropolia Ammattikorkeakoulu Insinööri (AMK) Tietotekniikka Insinöörityö 16.4.2015 Tiivistelmä Tekijä(t) Eemeli Merisalo Otsikko Sensoriverkot Sivumäärä 38 sivua Aika 16.4.2015 Tutkinto Insinööri (AMK) Koulutusohjelma Tietotekniikka Suuntautumisvaihtoehto Tietoverkot Ohjaaja(t) Director of Service Operations Matti Pärssinen, Cygate Oy Lehtori Jukka Louhelainen Työn tavoitteena on tutustua sensoriverkkoihin, niiden toimintaan ja niiden käyttämiin siirtoyhteyksiin. Tässä insinöörityössä käydään läpi, minkälaista osaamista sensoriverkkojen hallinta ja valvonta vaativa palveluntuottajalta. Työ on tehty kirjallisena tutkimuksena ilman käytännön osuutta. Se pitää sisällään useista lähteistä kerättyä ja analysoitua tietoa. Sensoriverkkojen tietoturva, niiden käyttämät teknologiat ja siirtoyhteydet, mukaan lukien teollinen internet ovat tämän työn pääkohdat. Pääkohdat käydään läpi yksityiskohtaisesti esimerkkien ja kuvien avulla. Työssä käydään läpi myös sensoriverkkojen hyötyjä ja riskejä. Sensoriverkot ovat yleistymässä ja ne tuovat mukanaan haasteita, kuten tietoturvan kehityksen ja jatkuvasti kehittyvät teknologiat. Haasteista huolimatta voidaan todeta sensoriverkkojen ja teollisen internetin hyödyn olevan kiistaton. Avainsanat teollinen, internet, sensoriverkot, sensori, solmu Abstract Author(s) Eemeli Merisalo Title Sensor Networks Number of Pages 38 pages Date 16 April 2015 Degree Bachelor of Engineering Degree Programme Information and Communications Technology Specialisation option Data Networks Instructor(s)
    [Show full text]
  • Bezprzewodowy System Automatyki Domowej Pracujący W Standardzie Sieci Z-Wave
    NAUKA Bezprzewodowy system automatyki domowej pracujący w standardzie sieci Z-Wave Marek Długosz, Jacek Chronowski, Jerzy Baranowski, Paweł Piątek, Wojciech Mitkowski, Paweł Skruch AGH Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza, Wydział Elektrotechniki, Automatyki, Informatyki i Inżynierii Biomedycznej Streszczenie: W ostatnich latach można zaobserwować wzrost po- dostęp do ich specyfikacji jest ogólnie dostępny. Stan- pularności urządzeń, które wykorzystują bezprzewodową transmisję dardy takie najczęściej są opracowywane przez różnego ro- danych. Standardy komunikacji bezprzewodowej, takie jak Wi-Fi, dzaju organizacje rządowe albo przez grupy producentów. Bluetooth, RFID, są powszechnie wykorzystywane w wielu urządze- Otwarty dostęp do dokumentacji może znacząco przy- niach codziennego użytku. Ta technologiczna zmiana nie ominęła czynić się do wzrostu popularności takiego standardu. także szeroko pojętych systemów automatyki domowej. Jeszcze W przypadku zamkniętych standardów, dostęp do spe- do niedawna w tego typu układach sterownia prym wiodły różnego cyfikacji może, ale nie musi być ogólnodostępny (tak jest rodzaju przewodowe standardy komunikacji. Są to standardy opra- w przypadku Z-Wave). Standardy zamknięte są najczęściej cowywane specjalnie pod zastosowania w układach automatyki opracowywane przez pojedyncze firmy chcące chronić i kon- domowej (np. BACNet, KNX), czy też adaptacje przemysłowych trolować podmioty korzystające z ich rozwiązań. Oprócz standardów sieci przesyłu danych (np. CAN). kwestii dostępności do specyfikacji danego standardu istot- Aktualnie istnieje kilka zdefiniowanych standardów komunikacji nym argumentem przemawiającym za lub przeciw jego bezprzewodowej, które można wykorzystać w układach automa- stosowaniu jest dostępność i funkcjonalność konkretnych tyki domowej, są to np.: EnOcean, INSTEON, MyriaNed, One-Net, urządzeń. Obecnie spora liczba urządzeń systemów auto- ZigBee. W pracy zaprezentowano kilka przykładowych urządzeń matyki domowej oferowana jest w standardzie Z-Wave. wykorzystujących do komunikacji standard Z-Wave.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review and Guideline to Implement for Smart Real Estate Projects
    MOJ Civil Engineering Reveiw Article Open Access Smart technologies/systems in home automation: a review and guideline to implement for smart real estate projects Abstract Volume 2 Issue 1 - 2017 In this era, the smart home is not a new name, Smart home technology started for Girish Santosh Bagale,1 Neel Shah2 more than a decade to introduce the advanced technological systems that allow 1Department of Mechanical/Mechatronics, NMIMS University, the automation of domestic tasks are developing rapidly. New technologies and India applications which enable communication between the household applications and 2Department of Mechatronics, NMIMS University, India users, thereby improving the monitoring and control capabilities can now be installed in Smart Homes today. This review article takes a look at the concept of Smart Homes Correspondence: Girish Santosh Bagale, Department of and emerging technologies that can be installed in these Smart Homes. Mechanical/Mechatronics, NMIMS University, India, Email [email protected] Keywords: smart homes, smart grid, automation, technologies Received: October 22, 2016 | Published: January 23, 2017 Introduction Integrated wireless technology Smart home implies an extension of the existing building Introduction automation systems but limited to individual homes. This involves control and automation of lighting, smart thermostats, air conditioning IWT is used for internal and external short-range communication and even security systems. Smart home is not an isolated case but also throughout smart home technology within a private home. They are depends on: more preferred to wired technologies. It gives benefits of lower cost of equipment and installation, faster deployment, extensive access i. The development within the society. and improved flexibility.
    [Show full text]
  • A Domótica Na Otimização Da Habitação NZEB
    escola superior gallaecia Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura e Urbanismo A domótica na otimização da habitação NZEB Estéfano Gomes Matos Lima Orientadores: Prof.a Doutora Ana Lima e Prof. Especialista Luís Paulo Pacheco Vila Nova de Cerveira, março de 2021 Imagem de capa: Autoria própria Preâmbulo Esta dissertação de mestrado que se apresenta, integra-se na Unidade Curricular A50 – Projeto – Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura e Urbanismo, realizado na Escola Superior Gallaecia de Vila Nova de Cerveira. O presente trabalho é da autoria do candidato Estéfano Gomes Matos Lima, nº 653-10, realizando-se durante o primeiro semestre do ano letivo 2020/2021, tendo como orientadores a Professora Doutora Ana Lima e o Professor Especialista Luís Paulo Pacheco. Nesta era de especialização, homens que conhecem completamente um campo são muitas vezes incompetentes em discutir outro. Os grandes problemas das relações entre um e outro aspeto da atividade humana foram, por esse motivo, discutidos cada vez menos em público. - (Feynman R. P., 1956) Agradecimentos Em especial aos meus avós, Joaquim e Adelaide, que sempre acreditaram em mim, mesmo quando eu duvidei de mim mesmo. À minha mãe Idalina Gomes, por sempre me ter apoiado e ajudado ao longo deste percurso. Ao Sr. David Gomes pela ajuda que me deu desde o início, sem o qual não poderia ter chegado aqui. Também à minha companheira e namorada Rafaela Esteves, por ter lutado e incentivado, pela força e motivação, nunca lhe faltando uma palavra de apoio. Ao corpo docente e funcionários da ESG, pelo carinho, apoio e conhecimentos transmitidos ao longo de todos estes anos.
    [Show full text]
  • Protocol Analysis
    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 This Specification is provided for future development work within oneM2M only. The Partners accept no 10 liability for any use of this Specification. 11 The present document has not been subject to any approval process by the oneM2M Partners Type 1. 12 Published oneM2M specifications and reports for implementation should be obtained via the oneM2M 13 Partners' Publications Offices. 14 15 16 © oneM2M Partners Type 1 (ARIB, ATIS, CCSA, ETSI, TIA, TTA, TTC) Page 1 of 107 This is a draft oneM2M document and should not be relied upon; the final version, if any, will be made available by oneM2M Partners Type 1. 17 About oneM2M 18 The purpose and goal of oneM2M is to develop technical specifications which address the 19 need for a common M2M Service Layer that can be readily embedded within various 20 hardware and software, and relied upon to connect the myriad of devices in the field with 21 M2M application servers worldwide. 22 More information about oneM2M may be found at: http//www.oneM2M.org 23 Copyright Notification 24 No part of this document may be reproduced, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, 25 except as authorized by written permission. 26 The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. 27 © 2014, oneM2M Partners Type 1 (ARIB, ATIS, CCSA, ETSI, TIA, TTA, TTC). 28 All rights reserved. 29 Notice of Disclaimer & Limitation of Liability 30 The information provided in this document is directed solely to professionals who have the 31 appropriate degree of experience to understand and interpret its contents in accordance with 32 generally accepted engineering or other professional standards and applicable regulations.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Energy Efficiency in Buildings and Microgrids Using Networking Technologies 1711
    IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS & TUTORIALS, VOL. 16, NO. 3, THIRD QUARTER 2014 1709 A Survey of Energy Efficiency in Buildings and Microgrids using Networking Technologies Jianli Pan, Student Member, IEEE,RajJain,Fellow, IEEE, and Subharthi Paul, Student Member, IEEE Abstract—Intelligent buildings and microgrids are important subsystems according to their physical location and climate parts of the future smart grid. The adoption and development zones, and improving the energy conversion process to reduce process of the intelligent buildings has been slow. There are energy waste during the process. Apparently, energy efficiency multiple technical and non-technical reasons. However, two recent trends have accelerated the research and application of for buildings and microgrids can be a complex issue and many the technologies related to this area. First, skyrocketing energy experts and researchers have been working on it from their price and the global need for reducing fossil oil consumption own perspectives, and some related work can be found in for environmental sustainability combined with the fact that the reference [114]. For example, a building designer may buildings are a significant source of energy consumption, making be concerned about the inner structure that could affect the buildings intelligent and energy efficient will have huge impacts energy flow; a physicist or HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and on the total CO2 emission and hence global sustainability. Second, rapid popularity and maturation of mobile smart phone Air Conditioning) expert may be interested in the thermal technology and Internet technologies like cloud computing enable effects due to the physical structure of the buildings; the smart phone holders to be aware of their energy consump- electrical and computer engineering experts may focus on tion and participate in controlling and running their buildings deploying smart meters and computer networking systems to with seamless Internet connections.
    [Show full text]