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Filogenia E Diversidade Do Gênero Stachytarpheta Vahl (Verbenaceae)

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Filogenia E Diversidade Do Gênero Stachytarpheta Vahl (Verbenaceae) JULIANA SILVA DOS SANTOS FILOGENIA E DIVERSIDADE DO GÊNERO STACHYTARPHETA VAHL (VERBENACEAE) RECIFE – PE 2015 ii UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL RURAL DE PERNAMBUCO - UFRPE PRÓ-REITORIA DE PESQUISA E PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO - PRPPG DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BOTÂNICA - PPGB FILOGENIA E DIVERSIDADE DO GÊNERO STACHYTARPHETA VAHL (VERBENACEAE) Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Botânica da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – PPGB/UFRPE, como requisito para obtenção do título de Doutor em Botânica. Orientadora: Drª. Margareth Ferreira de Sales Co-Orientador: Dr. Cássio van den Berg RECIFE – PE 2015 Ficha catalográfica S237f Santos, Juliana Silva dos Filogenia e diversidade do gênero Stachytarpheta Vahl (Verbenaceae) / Juliana Silva dos Santos. – Recife, 2015. 237 f.: il. Orientadora: Margareth Ferreira de Sales. Tese (Doutorado em Botânica) – Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Biologia, Recife, 2015. Inclui referências, anexo(s) e apêndice(s). 1. Bouchea 2. Duranteae 3. Lamiideas 4. Marcadores nucleares 5. Marcadores plastidiais I. Sales, Margareth Ferreira de, orientadora II. Título CDD 581 iii FILOGENIA E DIVERSIDADE DO GÊNERO STACHYTARPHETA VAHL (VERBENACEAE) JULIANA SILVA DOS SANTOS Presidente da Banca / Orientadora: _______________________________________ Profa. Drª. Margareth Ferreira de Sales (UFRPE) Tese defendida e aprovada pela banca examinadora em: ___/___/_____ ________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. André Laurênio de Melo (UAST/UFRPE) Titular ________________________________________________________ Profa. Drª. Ariadne do Nascimento Moura (UFRPE) Titular ________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. José Iranildo Miranda de Melo (UEPB) Titular ________________________________________________________ Profa. Drª. Maria Teresa Aureliano Buril Vital (UFRPE) Titular ________________________________________________________ Profa. Drª. Carmen Sílvia Zickel (UFRPE) Suplente ________________________________________________________ Drª. Luciana dos Santos Dias de Oliveira (UFRPE) Suplente RECIFE – PE/2015 iv “Ó Senhor, quão multiformes são as tuas obras! Todas elas as fizeste com sabedoria; a terra está cheia das tuas riquezas.” Salmos 104:24. v Dedico À minha tão amada família: Esteio de minhas caminhadas, refúgio nas horas difíceis, abraço aconchegante no retorno para casa e benção maior em minha vida. A Painho, a mainha e a Jaque! Ofereço A Gustavo Bastos de Araújo, meu amor e grandeOfereço amigo. Por toda dedicação, por todo apoio, por todas as palavras, por todas as abdicações, por toda confiança, por toda paciência, por todas as lições, pelos sonhos que compartilhamos... vi AGRADECIMENTOS Mais um ciclo de importantes aprendizados se encerra e muitos outros virão... Ao longo de mais esta etapa, aprendi tantas coisas que é difícil até enumerar! Conheci um monte de pessoas e edifiquei bons relacionamentos. Ri bastante, chorei muito também... Me desesperei e pensei até em desistir (por diversas vezes). Transformei impactos em impulsos positivos! Enfim... Chegou o momento de expressar meus sinceros agradecimentos àqueles que tornaram possível a realização deste tão árduo trabalho! A Deus por todas as maravilhas com as quais me presenteou! Pela incrível dádiva da vida, pelas bençãos concedidas, pela proteção, pelos ensinamentos... Sem a Graça Divina nada (nada mesmo) seria possível. Muito obrigada Senhor!!! Aos meus amados pais (Givaldo José dos Santos e Mirian Maria Silva dos Santos) e à minha querida irmã (Jaqueline Silva dos Santos) por todas as melhores razões que possam existir. Pelos cuidados, bons exemplos, ensinamentos, orações e pelo mais verdadeiro amor... Muitíssimo obrigada! À preciosa titia Neide, por me ser tão dedicada e amorosa. Por sempre ter palavras de motivação, por sempre ser presente, pelas orações e pelo grande carinho. Ao querido tio Bô (Givanildo José dos Santos) por todo incentivo, carinho e respaldo. Aos demais tios e tias, aos primos e primas e aos meus tão amados padrinhos (Edson e Tânia Mergulhão), que sempre me incentivaram e torceram por meu sucesso. A Gustavo Bastos de Araújo, meu amor, amigo e parceiro, pelo apoio incondicional, cumplicidade, dedicação e paciência. Por ter sido sempre generoso e respaldado todas as minhas decisões; por ter me dito as mais pungentes palavras de incentivo, por ter estado ao meu lado em todos (muitos) os momentos... Te amo! À minha amiga-irmã Andreia Maria da Silva, por todo incentivo que sempre me deu. Às (sempre) flores do LATAX: grandes amigas e escudeiras. À Ana Isa Barros de Lima, Andresa Alves, Leidiana Lima, Luciana Oliveira, Lucilene Lima, Maria Carolina de Abreu, Rafaela Alves, Sarah Souza e Talita Meriele: pela amizade, pela generosidade, pelas orações, por tudo aquilo que compartilhamos... Obrigada flores mais queridas! vii Reitero meus agradecimentos a doce amiga Luciana Oliveira, por ter sido imprescindível na fase final deste trabalho. Sua ajuda e suas palavras foram, por diversas vezes, o impulso que me faltara em alguns momentos de angústia. Muito obrigada Luris do meu coração! A Eduardo Bezerra de Almeida Junior (Edu), por sua amizade e companheirismo. Por sempre torcer por meu sucesso. À Tânia Lúcia por sua tão agradável amizade e pelas palavras de apoio. Aos colegas do PPGB pela convivência agradável, experiências compartilhadas e pelas conversas tão divertidas. Aos queridos amigos Aluísio Fernandes, Fernando Marcondes, Hibert Huallya, Juliana Freitas, Lizandro Peraza, Rafael Almeida e Uiara Catharina, que foram minha família enquanto estive em Feira de Santana e estarão sempre em meu coração e em minhas mais divertidas memórias. Pela amizade, apoio, conversas, alegrias e todas as coisas boas que compartilhamos: Muito obrigada! À Michella Del Rei por me acolher tão gentilmente em sua casa. A Anderson Carvalho, Ariane Raquel, Evelyne Marreira, Iasmin Laiane e Marla Ibrahim por todas as conversas gentis e palavras de incentivo. Por fazerem meus dias de trabalho no LAMOL mais agradáveis e amenos. Ao querido casal Tiago Arruda (Ceará) e Elena Lucas por todos os momentos compartilhados, pelas (sempre) doces palavras, pelas orações, pelo incentivo e pelo companheirismo que sempre me tiveram. Ao amigo Jonildson Almeida pelas agradáveis conversas e por sua tão divertida amizade. À Dona Valdecy Seara pela amizade, pelas palavras de incentivo e pela alegria com a qual sempre me recebeu em sua pousada/casa em Feira de Santana-BA. Ao querido casal Flávio França e Efigênia Melo e a Sr. Bené pelo grande apoio nas coletas realizadas no leste do Brasil. À equipe do PPBIO-FLONA Caxiuanã do Museu Emílio Goeldi pelo apoio logístico durante as coletas realizadas no Pará. Especialmente à Marlúcia Martins e José Guimarães por toda a colaboração e suporte. Não poderia deixar de agradecer de forma especial à equipe gestora da Estação Científica Ferreira Pena-FLONA Caxiuanã e aos funcionários pela companhia agradável, aprendizados e grandes viii experiências compartilhadas. Agradeço carinhosamente ao super mateiro Cleidemar Araújo (Pelado), por sua gentileza, dedicação e por sua tão valiosa ajuda. A Leandro Sarraf, Niara Porto e Valéria Albuquerque pelo apoio, companheirismo e descontração durante a incrível viagem de coleta que fiz ao Pará. À Profa. Dra. Margareth Sales pela orientação, paciência, confiança, apoio e por todos os momentos de aprendizado, tanto acadêmico quanto pessoal. Muitíssimo obrigada! Ao Prof. Dr. Cássio van den Berg pela tão preciosa co-orientação, pelo entusiasmo com o qual “vestiu a camisa” do nosso trabalho, pelos conselhos e pela atenção com o qual sempre me atendeu. Muito obrigada Cássio por todo apoio! A Profa. Dra. Fátima Salimena, Uiara Catharia Soares e Luciana Oliveira pela parceria e pelas valiosas contribuições nos manuscritos contidos nesta tese. Aos membros da banca avaliadora do seminário A, exame de qualificação, seminário B e defesa: Prof. Dr. André Laurênio de Melo, Profa. Dra. Ariadne do Nascimento Moura, Profa. Dra. Carmen Sílvia Zickel, Prof. Dr. José Iranildo Miranda de Melo, Dra. Luciana dos Santos Dias de Oliveira, Profa. Dra. Maria Teresa Aureliano Buril Vital e a Profa. Dra. Roxana Barreto pelas correções e valiosas contribuições. Que bom que pude contar com a competência e generosidade de tão excelentes profissionais!!! Agradeço de maneira especial ao Prof. Dr. José Iranildo Miranda de Melo, por me apresentar a taxonomia de fanerógamos e por sua tão gentil amizade. Ao corpo docente do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica pelos valiosos aprendizados na construção do meu conhecimento sobre as plantas. Reitero meus agradecimentos à Profa. Dra. Carmen Sílvia Zickel pela paciência, pelas palavras de incentivo e pelo grande apoio enquanto coordenadora do PPGB. Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco pelo apoio. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) pela concessão da bolsa. Ao projeto Capes/PNADB (23038000033/2010-16) pelo apoio financeiro. Ao Laboratório de Taxonomia Vegetal (LATAX) da UFRPE e ao Laboratório de Sistemática Molecular de Plantas (LAMOL) da UEFS pelo apoio logístico e por todo o suporte necessário fornecido para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. ix À equipe técnica do LAMOL (Adriana Estrêla, Danielle Mendes, Evandro Ancelmo e Ricardo Vilas-Bôas) por todo apoio e coleguismo. Não poderia deixar de reiterar meus agradecimentos a Ricardo Vilas-Bôas (Rick) por todo apoio logístico, pelo empenho, pela presteza e pela (sempre) gentileza
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