DOCSLIB.ORG

Verbenaceae), a Molecular

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Verbenaceae), a Molecular The Systematics and Evolution of Lantaneae (Verbenaceae), a Molecular Phylogenetic Approach Patricia Lu-Irving A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2013 Reading Committee: Richard G. Olmstead, Chair Harvey D. (Toby) Bradshaw Caroline A. E. Stromberg Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Department of Biology ©Copyright 2013 Patricia Lu-Irving University of Washington Abstract The systematics and evolution of Lantaneae (Verbenaceae), a molecular phylogenetic approach Patricia Lu-Irving Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Richard G. Olmstead Department of Biology Lantaneae are a morphologically variable group of 300-400 species, representing the largest tribe within Verbenaceae. They are widespread and diverse in the new world tropics and subtropics; some members are native to Africa, and others, most notably the Lantana camara complex, have spread across the globe as noxious weeds. Complex patterns of morphological parallelism have hindered taxonomic efforts within Lantaneae, and previous molecular phylogenetic studies have failed to resolve relationships within the tribe. The lack of variability among loci commonly used to infer phylogeny at the species level in plants suggests that Lantaneae are recently radiated. With growing interest in the taxonomy of this difficult group, and growing recognition of the worldwide ecological and economic impacts of Lantana camara, there is a clear need for a well resolved phylogenetic hypothesis for Lantaneae. Species-level phylogenetic reconstruction in taxonomically complex, recently radiated lineages is a major challenge in plant systematics, and represents an opportunity to test the limitations of the molecular methods that are currently prevalent in modern systematic biology. Here, I have taken a multi-locus approach to resolve the pattern of diversification among a broad representative sample of the morphological, taxonomic, and geographic diversity of Lantaneae, demonstrating the effectiveness of the PPR gene family as phylogenetic tools. The results reveal that major genera are not monophyletic, with Lantana species belonging to two main clades, derived within a background of Lippia species. The small African genus Coelocarpum is the sister group to the tribe. Different loci reconstruct the species of Aloysia, and its affiliated genera, differently: either in a paraphyletic grade to the Lantana-Lippia complex, or as its sister group. A species tree reconstruction supports the hypothesis of sister clades. Within the Lantana-Lippia complex, fleshy fruits have evolved four times independently from dry-fruited ancestors, and are associated with higher speciation rates. At a broad scale, there is no clear pattern suggesting that fleshy fruits confer a dispersal advantage over dry fruits. My results place the origin of core Lantaneae in the Miocene, in subtropical South America, with different lineages subsequently migrating independently throughout the neotropics, into North America, and twice to Africa. University of Washington Graduate School This is to certify that I have examined this copy of a doctoral dissertation by Patricia Lu-Irving and have found that it is complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the final examining committee have been made. Chair of the Supervisory Committee: ____________________________________________________ Richard G. Olmstead Reading Committee: ____________________________________________________ Harvey D. (Toby) Bradshaw ____________________________________________________ Caroline A. E. Stromberg Date:_________________________________ Contents CHAPTER I: Investigating the evolution of Lantaneae using multiple loci .................. 1 SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 2 Background information ....................................................................................... 3 Phylogeny reconstruction using multiple, independent loci ................................. 6 MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................................ 8 Sampling .............................................................................................................. 8 DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing .................................................... 8 Phylogenetic analyses ....................................................................................... 10 Fruit evolution and biogeography ...................................................................... 11 RESULTS .............................................................................................................. 12 Data collection ................................................................................................... 12 Phylogenetic analyses ....................................................................................... 13 Fruit evolution and biogeography ...................................................................... 14 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................ 15 Analyses of individual data sets ........................................................................ 16 Incongruence between loci ................................................................................ 17 Taxonomic implications ..................................................................................... 20 Fruit evolution .................................................................................................... 21 Biogeographic patterns ...................................................................................... 23 Future prospects ................................................................................................ 26 LITERATURE CITED ............................................................................................ 34 CHAPTER II: Resolving the genera Aloysia and Acantholippia within Lantaneae ... 48 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ 48 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 48 Background Information .................................................................................... 50 Objectives .......................................................................................................... 53 MATERIALS AND METHODS .............................................................................. 54 Sampling ............................................................................................................ 54 DNA Extraction, Amplification and Sequencing ................................................. 55 Alignment and Phylogenetic Inference .............................................................. 55 i RESULTS .............................................................................................................. 58 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................ 59 Major Lineages of Aloysia and Acantholippia species ....................................... 60 Gene Tree Incongruence and Species Tree Inference ..................................... 64 Patterns of trait evolution ................................................................................... 66 Taxonomic Recommendations .......................................................................... 68 LITERATURE CITED ............................................................................................ 77 CHAPTER III: Phylogeny, fruit evolution, and diversification rates in Lantana and Lippia ........................................................................................................................ 84 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ 84 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 85 MATERIALS AND METHODS .............................................................................. 90 Data collection ................................................................................................... 90 Phylogenetic analyses ....................................................................................... 91 Diversification rates ........................................................................................... 93 RESULTS .............................................................................................................. 94 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................ 97 Diversification rates: fleshy fruit and biogeography ........................................... 99 Taxonomic implications ................................................................................... 102 Conclusions ..................................................................................................... 104 LITERATURE CITED .......................................................................................... 110 Concluding remarks ...............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • A Review on Phytochemistry and Medicinal Properties of Lantana Camara Linn
    Journal of Seybold Report ISSN NO: 1533-9211 A Review on Phytochemistry and Medicinal Properties of Lantana Camara Linn. Mayuri Patole*, Vipul Patil, Shitalkumar Patil *Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Ashokrao Mane College of Pharmacy, Peth Vadgaon, Dist.- Kolhapur, Maharashtra, Pin-416112, India. e-mail- *[email protected] 1 | Page VOLUME 15 ISSUE 9 2020 Page: 2494 Journal of Seybold Report ISSN NO: 1533-9211 Abstract: Traditionalmedicine,knowledgeof medicinal plants,andthestudyof scientific chemical principlecan contribute tothe discoveryof newand cheapest medicines. Lantana camara plantistreatment ofmanyillnessesand is used for different medicines forpeople. Thechemical composition of theentireLantana camara planthasbeen researched inan extensive way byscientistsand researchers across theglobeinthelastfewdecades.Lantana Camara as wellasthe pharmacological biological operations. Such studies identifiedLantanacamara therapeutic potential in modern medicines, as well as a potential candidate fordrugdiscovery. This study gives a glimpseof ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology. Keywords: Herbs, Lantana camaraLinn., Phytochemistry,Pharmacology. Introduction: Herbage are an excellent resource basefor the traditionalmedicineand herbalindustriesand theyprovidealarge number of livelihoods and health care to Indian residents[1]. Modernmedicinal products, mainlyherbal innature,are nowa dayusedto treat the disease.Differentherbalformulations exist now a day [2].The WHOacknowledged this factin the early 1970'sandurged government
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Meiotic Behavior and Pollen Viability of Aloysia Gratissima and Aloysia Triphylla (Verbenaceae)
    Ciência e Natura ISSN: 0100-8307 [email protected] Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Lenz Hister, Carmine Aparecida; Bosio Tedesco, Solange; Ferreira da Silva, Antonio Carlos; Scotti do Canto-Dorow, Thais Meiotic behavior and pollen viability of Aloysia gratissima and Aloysia triphylla (Verbenaceae) Ciência e Natura, vol. 32, núm. 1, 2010, pp. 37-47 Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=467546357003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Meiotic behavior and pollen viability of Aloysia gratissima and Aloysia triphylla (Verbenaceae) Carmine Aparecida Lenz Hister, Solange Bosio Tedesco, Antonio Carlos Ferreira da Silva, Thais Scotti do Canto-Dorow Departamento de Biologia/CCNE Universidade Federal de Santa Maria/Santa Maria, RS e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of diseases that attack human beings has been a practice for centuries and it is seen as one of the main therapeutic resource in many communities and ethnical groups, especially in developing countries. In Brazil, the economic potential of the germoplasm of medicinal plants is a wealth to be used and preserved. Native and exotic species are used medicinally in Brazil. Among them, Aloysia gratissima (Gill et Hook) Tronc. (native) and Aloysia triphylla (LHer.) Britton (exotic) both from Verbenaceae Family are highlighted. In this study the meiotic behavior and pollen viability in populations of these species of the genus Aloysia from Rio Grande do Sul State were analyzed.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of the Declaration of Lantana Species in New South Wales Review of the Declaration of Lantana Species in New South Wales
    NSW DPI Review of the declaration of Lantana species in New South Wales Review of the declaration of Lantana species in New South Wales New South Wales Department of Primary Industries Orange NSW 2800 Frontispiece. A flowering and fruiting branch of the common pink variety of Lantana camara, near Copmanhurst (NSW north coast, October 2005) (Source: S. Johnson, NSW DPI). © State of New South Wales through NSW Department of Primary Industries 2007. You may copy, distribute and otherwise freely deal with this publication for any purpose, provided that you attribute NSW Department of Primary Industries as the owner. ISBN 978 0 7347 1889 1 Disclaimer: The information contained in this publication is based on knowledge and understanding at the time of writing (December 2007). However, because of advances in knowledge, users are reminded of the need to ensure that information upon which they rely is up to date and to check currency of the information with the appropriate officer of New South Wales Department of Primary Industries or the user’s independent adviser. Job number 7262 This document was prepared by Dr Stephen Johnson Weed Ecologist Weeds Unit Biosecurity, Compliance and Mine Safety Telephone: 02 6391 3146 Facsimile: 02 6391 3206 Locked Bag 21 ORANGE NSW 2800 Figure 1. White and purple flowering varieties of the ornamental Lantana montevidensis planted in a median strip, Griffith (south western NSW, September 2005) (Source: S. Johnson, NSW DPI). iv REVIEW OF THE DECLARATION OF LANTANA SPECIES IN NSW CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 SCOPE OF THIS REVIEW 3 REVIEW OF THE DECLARATION OF LANTANA SPECIES IN NSW 5 NOMENCLATURE 5 Lantana camara 5 Lantana montevidensis 5 SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS 5 Lantana camara 5 Lantana montevidensis 7 TAXONOMY 9 Family Verbenaceae 9 Lantana genus 9 The Lantana camara species aggregate 9 Varieties of L.
    [Show full text]
  • (Aloysia Citriodora Palau) from Argentina Boletín Latinoamericano Y Del Caribe De Plantas Medicinales Y Aromáticas, Vol
    Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas ISSN: 0717-7917 [email protected] Universidad de Santiago de Chile Chile Gattuso, Susana; van Baren, Catalina M.; Gil, Alejandra; Bandoni, Arnaldo; Ferraro, Graciela; Gattuso, Martha Morpho-histological and quantitative parameters in the characterization of lemon verbena (Aloysia citriodora palau) from Argentina Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas, vol. 7, núm. 4, julio, 2008, pp. 190-198 Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=85670402 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative © 2008 Los Autores Derechos de Publicación © 2008 Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas, 7 (4), 190 - 198 BLACPMA ISSN 0717 7917 Artículo Original | Original Article Morpho-histological and quantitative parameters in the characterization of lemon verbena (Aloysia citriodora palau) from Argentina. [Parámetros morfo-histológicos cuantitativos en la caracterización de lemon verbena (Aloysia citriodora palau) de Argentina] Susana GATTUSO1*, Catalina M. van BAREN2, Alejandra GIL3, Arnaldo BANDONI2; Graciela FERRARO2 y Martha GATTUSO1 1. Cátedra de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina. 2. Cátedra de Farmacognosia-IQUIMEFA. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica.UBA-CONICET. Junín 956, 2º piso. C1113AAD Buenos Aires Argentina. 3. Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, (C 1417 DSE) Buenos Aires - Argentina.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review on the Chemistry of Some Species of Genus Lippia (Verbenaceae Family)
    Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 2014; 3(4): 460-466 Available online at: www.jsirjournal.com Review Article A review on the chemistry of some species of genus ISSN 2320-4818 Lippia (Verbenaceae family) JSIR 2014; 3(4): 460-466 © 2014, All rights reserved Received: 26-06-2014 Japheth Omollo Ombito*, Elsie Nyangweso Salano, Philemon Kipkirui Yegon, Wesley Accepted: 24-08-2014 Kipkirui Ngetich, Elizabeth Muthoni Mwangi Abstract Japheth Omollo Ombito Department of Chemistry, Egerton Recently, focus on plant research has increased globally and a large amount of evidence has University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton- 20115, Kenya collected to show great potential of medicinal plants employed in diverse traditional systems. In the customary forms of medicine, plants provided a large number of remedies, which were often Elsie Nyangweso Salano useful. Lippia genus, which belongs to the family Verbenaceae yields appreciable quantities of Department of Biochemistry, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, metabolites some of which have been shown to have valuable biological activities. Many Egerton-20115, Kenya phytochemical investigations done on this genus have shown the presence of various compounds like triterpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids and steroids. This review Philemon Kipkirui Yegon Department of Chemistry, Egerton focuses on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Lippia genus to allow the University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton- evaluation of the potential for utilization of the largest biomass of Lippia genus available. 20115, Kenya Wesley Kipkirui Ngetich Keywords: Lippia, Triterpenoids, Phenols, Flavonoids, Phytochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Egerton Pharmacology. University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton- 20115, Kenya Elizabeth Muthoni Mwangi Introduction Department of Chemistry, Egerton University, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • WRA Species Report
    Family: Verbenaceae Taxon: Aloysia citriodora Synonym: Aloysia triphylla (L'Hér.) Britton Common Name: lemon verbena Lippia citrodora Kunth Zitronenstrauch Lippia triphylla (L'Hér.) Kuntze cidrão Verbena triphylla L'Hér. cedrón Zappania citrodora Lam. verveine citronelle Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: L Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 0 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area, Cochise County, Arizona
    Flora of the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area, Cochise County, Arizona Elizabeth Makings School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ Abstract—The flora of the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area (SPRNCA) consists of 618 taxa from 92 families, including a new species of Eriogonum and four new State records. The vegetation communities include Chihuahuan Desertscrub, cottonwood-willow riparian cor- ridors, mesquite terraces, sacaton grasslands, rocky outcrops, and cienegas. Species richness is enhanced by factors such as perennial surface water, unregulated flood regimes, influences from surrounding floristic provinces, and variety in habitat types. The SPRNCA represents a fragile and rare ecosystem that is threatened by increasing demands on the regional aquifer. Addressing the driving forces causing groundwater loss in the region presents significant challenges for land managers. potential value of a species-level botanical inventory may not Introduction be realized until well into the future. Understanding biodiversity has the potential to serve a unifying role by (1) linking ecology, evolution, genetics and biogeography, (2) elucidating the role of disturbance regimes Study Site and habitat heterogeneity, and (3) providing a basis for effec- tive management and restoration initiatives (Ward and Tockner San Pedro Riparian National 2001). Clearly, we must understand the variety and interac- Conservation Area tion of the living and non-living components of ecosystems in order to deal with them effectively. Biological inventories In 1988 Congress designated the San Pedro Riparian are one of the first steps in advancing understanding of our National Conservation Area (SPRNCA) as a protected reposi- natural resources and providing a foundation of information tory of the disappearing riparian habitat of the arid Southwest.
    [Show full text]
  • Biogeochemical Relationships of a Subtropical Dry Forest on Karst
    2017 CARIBBEANCaribbean Naturalist NATURALIST No. 41:1–24No. 41 E. Medina, E. Cuevas, H. Marcano-Vega, E. Meléndez-Ackerman, and E.H. Helmer Biogeochemical Relationships of a Subtropical Dry Forest on Karst Ernesto Medina1,2,*, Elvira Cuevas3, Humfredo Marcano-Vega4, Elvia Meléndez-Ackerman3, and Eileen H. Helmer1 Abstract - Tropical dry forests on calcareous substrate constitute the main vegetation cover in many islands of the Caribbean. Dry climate and nutrient scarcity in those environments are ideal to investigate the potential role of high levels of soil calcium (Ca) in regulating plant selection and productivity. We analyzed the elemental composition of soil, loose lit- ter, and leaf samples of the woody vegetation on the plateau of Mona Island, an emergent block of carbonate rock in the Caribbean located between Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic, to explore the nutrient relationships of plants growing on calcareous substrates. The mineral soil has an elemental composition characterized by high levels of aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) in agreement with the hypothesis that it derives in part from sediments transported by rivers eroding plutonic rocks, and deposited before the massive lifting of biological limestone. Calcium concentration varied within sites, and Ca–Al and Ca–Fe cor- relations were negative in soils and positive in plant material, implying that element uptake from these soils depends on acidification of the rhizosphere. This acidification should be high enough to extract carbonate-bound elements and solubilize Al, Fe, and probably phos- phate (P) compounds. The most abundant cation in leaves was Ca, followed by potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg); Ca/K and Ca/Mg molar ratios averaged 2 and 3, respectively, in- dicating that most species maintain K and Mg uptake in the presence of high Ca levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Phoenix Active Management Area Low-Water-Use/Drought-Tolerant Plant List
    Arizona Department of Water Resources Phoenix Active Management Area Low-Water-Use/Drought-Tolerant Plant List Official Regulatory List for the Phoenix Active Management Area Fourth Management Plan Arizona Department of Water Resources 1110 West Washington St. Ste. 310 Phoenix, AZ 85007 www.azwater.gov 602-771-8585 Phoenix Active Management Area Low-Water-Use/Drought-Tolerant Plant List Acknowledgements The Phoenix AMA list was prepared in 2004 by the Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR) in cooperation with the Landscape Technical Advisory Committee of the Arizona Municipal Water Users Association, comprised of experts from the Desert Botanical Garden, the Arizona Department of Transporation and various municipal, nursery and landscape specialists. ADWR extends its gratitude to the following members of the Plant List Advisory Committee for their generous contribution of time and expertise: Rita Jo Anthony, Wild Seed Judy Mielke, Logan Simpson Design John Augustine, Desert Tree Farm Terry Mikel, U of A Cooperative Extension Robyn Baker, City of Scottsdale Jo Miller, City of Glendale Louisa Ballard, ASU Arboritum Ron Moody, Dixileta Gardens Mike Barry, City of Chandler Ed Mulrean, Arid Zone Trees Richard Bond, City of Tempe Kent Newland, City of Phoenix Donna Difrancesco, City of Mesa Steve Priebe, City of Phornix Joe Ewan, Arizona State University Janet Rademacher, Mountain States Nursery Judy Gausman, AZ Landscape Contractors Assn. Rick Templeton, City of Phoenix Glenn Fahringer, Earth Care Cathy Rymer, Town of Gilbert Cheryl Goar, Arizona Nurssery Assn. Jeff Sargent, City of Peoria Mary Irish, Garden writer Mark Schalliol, ADOT Matt Johnson, U of A Desert Legum Christy Ten Eyck, Ten Eyck Landscape Architects Jeff Lee, City of Mesa Gordon Wahl, ADWR Kirti Mathura, Desert Botanical Garden Karen Young, Town of Gilbert Cover Photo: Blooming Teddy bear cholla (Cylindropuntia bigelovii) at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monutment.
    [Show full text]
  • Plants, Volume 1, Number 1 (August 1979)
    Desert Plants, Volume 1, Number 1 (August 1979) Item Type Article Publisher University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) Journal Desert Plants Rights Copyright © Arizona Board of Regents. The University of Arizona. Download date 02/10/2021 01:18:53 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/528188 Volume I. Number 1. August 1979 Desert Published by The University of Arizona for the Plants Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum Assisting Nature with Plant Selection4 Larry K. Holzworth Aberrant Sex -Ratios in Jojoba Associated with Environmental Factors 8 Serena L. Cole 'J. G. Lemmon & Wife,' Plant Explorers in Arizona, California, and Nevada12 Frank S. Crosswhite 'Extinct' Wire -Lettuce, Stephanomeria schottii (Compositae), Rediscovered in Arizona after More Than One Hundred Years22 Elinor Lehto Southwestern Indian Sunflowers23 Gary Paul Nabhan Transition from a Bermudagrass Lawn to a Landscape of Rock or Gravel Mulch 27 Charles Sacamano Preliminary Evaluation of Cold- hardiness in Desert Landscaping Plants at Central Arizona College29 William A. Kinnison Effects of the 1978 Freeze on Native Plants of Sonora, Mexico33 Warren D. Jones The Severe Freeze of 1978 -79 in the Southwestern United States37 The National Climate Program Act of 197840 Reviews42 Arboretum Progress46 R. T. McKittrick Volume 1. Number 1. August 1979 Published by The University of Arizona Desert Plants for the Boyce Thompson Southwestern Arboretum The Severe Freeze of 1978 -79 in the Contents Southwestern United States37 Correspondents: Editorial Barrie D. Coate, Saratoga Horticultural Foundation; Dara E. Emery, Santa Barbara Botanic Garden; Louis C. Assisting Nature with Plant Selection 4 Erickson, Botanic Gardens, University of California, River- Larry K. Holzworth, USDA Soil Conservation side; Wayne L.
    [Show full text]