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Cahiers Des Ifre CAHIERSZOOM SUR LA PRODUCTION SCIENTIFIQUE DANS LES INSTITUTS FRANÇAIS DEDES RECHERCHE À L ’ÉTRANGER (UMIFRE) IFREDÉCEMBRE 2017 | 4 RADICALISATIONS  PARMI LES DERNIÈRES PUBLICATIONS DES INSTITUTS FRANÇAIS DE RECHERCHE À L'ÉTRANGER TERRAINS RURAL-URBAN YÉMEN, LE LA ORFEBRERÍA AMBIGUITÉS L’ASIE MAROCAINS DYNAMICS IN THE TOURNANT EN LOS ANDES EN TURQUES DU SUD-EST 2017 Sur les traces EAST AFRICAN RÉVOLU- LA ÉPOCA INCA La réception des Bilan, enjeux et de chercheurs MOUNTAINS TIONNAIRE (siglos XV-XVI) attentats de 2015 perspectives d’ici et d’ailleurs F. Bart, B. Nakileza (en arabe) M-F. Guerra et P. en France dans les A. Pesses K. Mouna, C. Therrien et S. Racaud (dirs) L. Bonnefoy, Núñez-Regueiro (dirs) médias et réseaux et C. Thi-Liên Tran et L. Bouasria (dirs) IFRA Nairobi/ F. Mermier et IFEA Andes, Lima, sociaux turcs (dirs) CJB / La Croisée Mkuki na Nyota, M. Poirier (dirs), 2017 J.-F. Pérouse, IRASEC/Indes des Chemins, Tanzanie, 2017 traduction augm. I. Gilles et alii savantes, Bangkok, Rabat/Casablanca, CEFAS, Koweit, Bulletin de l'Institut IFEA Istanbul, 2017 2017 2017 http://www.ifre.fr/c/68696 2017 Français d'Études Andines Tome 46 (1) Dossiers de l'IFEA n°25 L'Asie du Sud-Est http://www.ifre.fr/c/68695 http://www.ifre.fr/c/68697 http://www.ifre.fr/c/68698 http://www.ifre.fr/c/68818 http://www.ifre.fr/c/67059 VARIA DES PASSÉS THE STUDY OF LA LITTÉRATURE KENYAN AND L’ÉTAT ÉGYPTIEN Umbrella DÉPLACÉS STOLEN LOVE. AUX MARGES ETHIOPIAN EN QUÊTE DE Movement ; Mémoires des IRAIYANĀR DU 'ADAB ATHLETICS STABILITÉ The China Factor migrations KALAVIYAL Regards croisés Towards an C. Steuer (dir.) in Hong Kong M. Baussant (CRFJ) K. Paramasivam, sur la prose Alternative Le Caire, CEDEJ, Elections et alii (dirs) D. C. Buck (trad.) arabe classique Scientific Approach 2017 CEFC, 2017 Le Seuil, Paris, Pondichéry, IFP, Iyas Hassan (dir.) B. Gaudin 2017 2017 Beyrouth, IFPO/ et B. Wolde (dirs) Égypte/Monde arabe, China Perspectives, Diacritiques, 2017 Addis Ababa, IRD 3e série, 2017 | 16 2017 | 3 Communications Regards sur l’Asie Éditions/CFEE, 2017 | 1, n°100 du Sud n°9 http://www.ifre.fr/c/68702 2017 http://www.ifre.fr/c/68704 http://www.ifre.fr/c/68699 http://www.ifre.fr/c/68700 http://www.ifre.fr/c/68701 http://www.ifre.fr/c/68478 Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères Direction générale de la mondialisation, ÉDITO #1 du développement et des partenariats Centre national de la La célébration en 2017 des dix ans de recherche scientifique coopération du Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires étrangères et du CNRS, tutelles du Fondation Maison des réseau des UMIFRE, est l’occasion de revenir sciences de l ’homme sur les raisons du succès de cet instrument de Valorisation des IFRE diplomatie scientifique unique au monde. Présents dans plus de trente pays répartis Comité éditorial sur tous les continents, les UMIFRE mettent leur Marta Craveri (FMSH), expertise en sciences humaines et sociales et en Alexandra Duperray (FMSH), archéologie au service de la compréhension tant Marion Fanjat (FMSH), de l’Histoire ancienne que des phénomènes Leonor Guy (MEAE), contemporains et des enjeux d’actualité. Grâce Alexander Murugasu (MEAE), à leur connaissance fine des zones géographiques qu’ils couvrent, ils éclairent Maëlle Sergheraert (MEAE) d’une réflexion en profondeur et sur le long terme une situation sociale, économique et politique donnée, contribuant ainsi à mieux guider la prise Crédit photos de décision. Photos et illustrations fournies par Le thème choisi pour la quatrième édition des Cahiers des IFRE l’illustre les auteurs ou en licence CC parfaitement : la question des radicalisations, au cœur des préoccupations actuelles, a été une priorité des travaux des UMIFRE tout au long de l’année. Conception graphique Certains s’étaient d’ailleurs réunis en janvier 2017 à l’invitation et avec le Maquette : TALCOD soutien du Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires étrangères pour une journée Mise en page : Nicolas de Lavergne d’études sur le sujet au Centre Marc Bloch à Berlin, alimentant ainsi la mise en réseau de leurs recherches. Les phénomènes de radicalisation ont certes Cahiers des IFRE des causes variées en fonction des pays et des contextes, mais ils constituent ISSN en cours aussi un défi mondial qu’il convient d’analyser et de décortiquer afin de lui © FMSH-IFRE-MEAE, 2017 apporter une réponse coordonnée. C’est ce à quoi répondent les auteurs des Impression : SoBook articles sélectionnés pour cette édition des Cahiers des IFRE, en prenant le 45 rue Rollin–59100 Roubaix temps par exemple d’observer dans le détail le rôle de chaque acteur dans N°4 - Décembre 2017 la prédication salafiste, d’étudier des exemples excentrés et atypiques de radicalisations, de décrypter les mots choisis par les chefs radicalisés pour Les IFRE leurs discours, de recourir à leur expertise en urbanisme pour comprendre Les IFRE sont des unités mixtes placées l’impact des politiques d’aménagement du territoire sur les radicalisations. sous la cotutelle du ministère de l'Europe Pour la quatrième fois, les Cahiers des IFRE démontrent ainsi la richesse et des Affaires étrangères et du CNRS. d’avoir, grâce à des Instituts de recherche travaillant en réseau, une multiplicité Un réseau de 27 centres de recherche de visions sur des sujets d’intérêt global. Bonne lecture. français, répartis sur tous les continents, abordant toutes les sciences humaines et sociales, en contact avec les institutions Laurence AUER de recherche locales et françaises. Directrice de la Culture, de l’Enseignement, de la Recherche et du Réseau Les IFRE qui ont participé Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires étrangères à ce numéro CEDEJ, CJB, IFEA-Andes, IFEAC, IFPO, IFRA-Nigeria Rejoignez-nous sur www.ifre.fr facebook.com/ifre.shs & @ifre_shs  ÉDITO #2 L’irruption de formes d’extrémisme violent jusqu’au cœur de l’Europe a suscité de nombreuses interrogations sur les conditions et les modalités d’émergence à la fois collective et individuelle des comportements de radicalisation. Les sciences humaines et sociales sont en première ligne pour répondre à la demande sociale – mais aussi à celle des pouvoirs publics – d’une meilleure compréhension de ces phénomènes complexes et d’une réflexion sur les moyens de s’en protéger. Le CNRS a pris, depuis bientôt trois ans, plusieurs initiatives pour contribuer à une meilleure connaissance de ces phénomènes : il a largement contribué à la rédaction du rapport de l’Alliance Athéna sur « Les recherches sur les radicalisations » (mars 2016) ; il a également mis en place un appel inédit, à la suite des attentats de Paris et Saint-Denis, intitulé « Appel attentats-recherche », lancé le 18 novembre 2015 par une lettre publique du président Fuchs. Cet appel a connu un vif succès. Près de 250 chercheurs ou enseignants-chercheurs ont déposé un projet et 66 d’entre eux ont été retenus et financés. Certaines contributions de ce numéro des Cahiers des IFRE en sont au moins partiellement issues. Plusieurs réponses à cet appel ont en effet été déposées par des membres des UMIFRE d’Afrique, du Moyen-Orient et d’Asie ou d’anciens chercheurs de ces unité ; ils ont pu appuyer leur projet sur l’expérience accumulée lors de leur séjour dans ces centres français à l’étranger de l’InSHS et du Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires étrangères. Car, au-delà des approches théorique ou généraliste, la complexité des processus de radicalisation appelle, plus que jamais, des recherches de terrain attentives à la singularité des situations et des parcours pour comprendre les mécanismes à l’œuvre qui conduisent un individu ou un groupe à l’extrémisme violent. De ce point de vue, l’existence du dispositif des UMIFRE constitue un atout irremplaçable : il permet aux chercheurs et enseignants-chercheurs de déployer sur une, deux, trois voire quatre années leur projet de recherche et d’acquérir une connaissance profonde des sociétés qu’ils côtoient, tout en bénéficiant d’un cadre institutionnel stable, qui leur permet de travailler dans des conditions satisfaisantes dans des pays parfois fragiles ou sur des questions sensibles. Le colloque franco-russo-américain organisé au CNRS en juin 2017 autour de l’« extrémisme violent » a bien mis en évidence l’avantage comparatif que peut constituer, pour la recherche française, l’existence d’un tel réseau d’unités à l’étranger. Ce quatrième numéro des Cahiers des IFRE, par la variété des espaces considérés et la pluralité des approches scientifiques, démontre largement les vertus d’une longue fréquentation du terrain par des séjours pluriannuels et/ou répétés tout au long de la carrière d’un(e) chercheur(e) au sein de ces unités et ses bénéfices en termes de résultats de la recherche. C’est aussi, à l’occasion des dix ans des UMIFRE et de la collaboration entre le CNRS et le MEAE, une très belle illustration des mérites d’un dispositif scientifique hors normes. François-Jospeh RUGGIU Directeur de l'Institut des sciences humaines et sociales Centre national de la recherche scientifique Les chercheurs face 6 au phénomène de la radicalisation islamique Des UMIFRE au chevet 8 d’un débat de société Les prétentions 17 hégémoniques du wahhabisme SOMMAIRE 8 Les femmes égyptiennes 32 dans la prédication salafiste Les mots de Boko Haram. Décryptages de discours 40 de Mohammed Yusuf et d’Abubakar Shekau La poursuite de la réislamisation en Asie 58 Centrale : entre un islam national modéré et le choix radical globalisé 17 40 Radicalisation(s) liée(s) 66 à l’islam. Les cas du Mouvement Mondial Mourabitouns et des Chiapas Internet security facing Jihadist propaganda 75 in Europe: the last challenge for society 58 75  LES CHERCHEURS FACE AU PHÉNOMÈNE DE LA RADICALISATION ISLAMIQUE Saoud El Mawla Professeur et chercheur Institut Doha pour les Hautes Etudes en sciences humaines et sociales 6 – 7 Par radicalisation on désigne « le processus par normes occidentales et lequel un individu ou un groupe adopte une forme vio- la culture peuvent rendre lente d’action, directement liée à une idéologie extré- la nature universaliste du miste qui conteste l’ordre établi sur le plan politique, Jihadisme attrayante.
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